Post on 19-Mar-2021
ISSN 0127-8924
LAPORAN PENYIASATAN MIGRASI
MIGRATION SURVEY REPORT
MALAYSIA
2012
JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA
jun
june 2013
iii
KATA PENGANTAR
Laporan Penyiasatan Migrasi, Malaysia, 2012 membentangkan anggaran pergerakan, arah
aliran dan magnitud penduduk di peringkat negeri serta maklumat ciri demografi dan
sosioekonomi migran yang diperoleh daripada Penyiasatan Migrasi 2012.
Migrasi atau pergerakan penduduk merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi
perubahan struktur penduduk kesan daripada perubahan situasi ekonomi dan sosial sesuatu
kawasan dalam tempoh tertentu. Pada amnya, arah aliran dan ciri migran yang berbeza akan
memberi impak yang berlainan bagi negeri/kawasan asal dan destinasinya. Maklumat yang
dibentangkan dalam laporan ini diharap dapat membantu perancang dan pengkaji dalam
melihat ciri-ciri penduduk migran dan bukan migran, seterusnya menjadi input kepada
perancangan dan pembangunan sosioekonomi negara.
Jabatan merakamkan penghargaan kepada semua pihak yang memberikan kerjasama dan
seterusnya menyumbang kepada penyediaan laporan ini. Sebarang ulasan dan cadangan ke
arah penambahbaikan laporan ini amat dialu-alukan dan dihargai.
DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN
Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia
Jun 2013
iv
PREFACE
The Migration Survey Report, Malaysia, 2012 presents the estimates of the population’s
movement, flow and magnitude at state level, as well as the demographic and socioeconomic
characteristics of migrants obtained from the Migration Survey 2012.
Migration or the movement of people is one of the factors that influence changes in the
population structure brought about by changes in social and economic situation of a
particular area during a specific period. Generally, different types of flows and
characteristics of migrants will have different impacts on the state/area of origin and
destination. It is hoped that the information presented in this report accommodates the
planners and researchers in analysing the migrant and non-migrant population
characteristics, as well as an input to the socio-economic planning and development of the
nation.
The Department would like to express its gratitude to all parties who had co-operated and
contributed towards the preparation of this report. Comments and suggestions towards
improving this report are very much welcomed and appreciated.
DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN
Chief Statistician, Malaysia
June 2013
v
KANDUNGAN
CONTENTS
Muka surat
Page
Kata pengantar
Preface
iii
Senarai jadual
List of tables
vi
Senarai lampiran
List of appendices
ix
Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Trend dan paras migrasi di Malaysia
Migration trend and level in Malaysia
1
Migrasi mengikut negeri
Migration by state
2
Migrasi mengikut strata
Migration by stratum
7
Ciri-ciri demografi migran
Demographic characteristics of migrants
8
Ciri-ciri guna tenaga migran
Characteristics of employed migrants
9
Sebab penghijrahan
Reasons for migration
10
Nota teknikal
Technical notes
33
Lampiran
Appendix
53
vi
SENARAI JADUAL
LIST OF TABLES
Jadual
Table
JADUAL UTAMA
MAIN TABLES Muka surat
Page
1 Perangkaan utama migrasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Key migration statistics, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
11
2 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran masuk mengikut negeri,
Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of in-migrants by state,
Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
12
3 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran keluar mengikut negeri,
Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of out-migrants by state,
Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
13
4 Bilangan migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011
dan 2011–2012
Number of net migration by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and
2011–2012
14
PENDUDUK BERUMUR 1 TAHUN DAN LEBIH
POPULATION AGED 1 YEAR AND OVER
5 Taburan peratus migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri
destinasi dan taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of migrants from the population by state of
destination and migration status, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and
2011–2012
15
6 Bilangan dan kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan
nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan
lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number and rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration
effectiveness ratio of population aged 1 year and over by state,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
16
7 Bilangan migran dalaman mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number of internal migrants by state of origin and destination,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
17
8 Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut strata (arah aliran
migrasi), Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of internal migrants by stratum (migration
flow), Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
18
vii
Jadual
Table
Muka surat
Page
9 Taburan peratus migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri
mengikut negeri dan strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia,
2011–2012
Percentage distribution of intra-state and inter-state migrants by state
and stratum (migration flow), Malaysia, 2011–2012
19
10 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut jantina
dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants by sex and
age group, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
20
11 Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Internal migration rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
21
12 Nisbah jantina migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut
kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Sex ratio of internal migrants and non-migrants by age group,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
21
13 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman berumur 1 tahun
dan lebih mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan
2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants aged 1 year
and over by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
22
14 Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan etnik dan jantina,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Internal migration rate by ethnic group and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
22
15 Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 1
tahun dan lebih mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata destinasi,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 1
year and over by ethnic group and stratum of destination, Malaysia,
2011–2012
23
16 Bilangan dan taburan peratus sebab-sebab penghijrahan
penduduk, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of reasons for migration of
population, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
24
viii
PENDUDUK BERUMUR 15–64 TAHUN
POPULATION AGED 15–64 YEARS
Jadual
Table
Muka surat
Page
17 Bilangan dan kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan
nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 15–64 tahun
mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number and rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration
effectiveness ratio of the population aged 15–64 years by state,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
25
18 Bilangan migran dalaman berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut negeri
asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number of internal migrants aged 15–64 years by state of origin and
destination, Malaysia, 2011–2012
26
19 Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur
15–64 tahun mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia,
2011–2012
Percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged
15–64 years by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
27
20 Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan
migran mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia,
2011–2012
Labour force participation rate of internal migrants and non-migrants
by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
28
21 Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan
migran mengikut strata (arah aliran migrasi) dan jantina,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Labour force participation rate of internal migrants and non-migrants
by stratum (migration flow) and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
28
22 Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang
bekerja mengikut taraf pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and
non-migrants by status in employment, Malaysia, 2011–2012
29
23 Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang
bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and
non-migrants by occupation, Malaysia, 2011–2012
29
24 Taburan peratus migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut
pekerjaan dan strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants by occupation
and stratum (migration flow), Malaysia 2011–2012
30
ix
Jadual
Table
Muka surat
Page
25 Taburan peratus migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut
industri, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants by industry,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
31
SENARAI LAMPIRAN
LIST OF APPENDICES
Lampiran
Appendix
Muka surat
Page
1 Ralat piawai relatif bagi anggaran kadar migrasi dalaman
penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia,
2011–2012
Relative standard error of estimation for internal migration rate of
population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012
53
2 Ralat piawai relatif bagi anggaran kadar migrasi dalaman
penduduk berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut negeri, Malaysia,
2011–2012
Relative standard error of estimation for internal migration rate of
population aged 15–64 years by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012
54
3 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran
berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut pencapaian pendidikan,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants and
non-migrants aged 15–64 years by educational attainment, Malaysia,
2011–2012
55
4 Piawaian taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut pencapaian
pendidikan yang berasaskan taburan peratus bukan migran,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Standardisation of percentage distribution of internal migrants by
educational attainment based on the percentage distribution of
non-migrants, Malaysia, 2011–2012
55
5 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran
berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut taraf perkahwinan, Malaysia,
2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants and
non-migrants aged 15–64 years by marital status, Malaysia,
2011–2012
56
6 Piawaian taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut taraf
perkahwinan yang berasaskan taburan peratus bukan migran,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Standardisation of percentage distribution of internal migrants by
marital status based on the percentage distribution of non-migrants,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
56
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY FINDINGS
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 1
TREND DAN PARAS MIGRASI DI MALAYSIA
MIGRATION TREND AND LEVEL IN MALAYSIA
Bilangan migran yang direkodkan bagi tempoh 2011–2012 adalah seramai 756,300 orang dengan kadar migrasi bagi tempoh tersebut mencapai 2.6 peratus. Kadar ini meningkat sedikit iaitu 0.1 mata peratus (44,700 orang) berbanding tempoh sebelumnya iaitu 2.5 peratus (711,600 orang).
The number of migrants recorded for the period 2011–2012 was 756,300 persons with migration rate reaching 2.6 per cent. This rate has increased slightly by 0.1 percentage point (44,700 persons) as compared to the previous period which was 2.5 per cent (711,600 persons).
Taburan migran terhasil daripada migran dalam negeri iaitu 61.3 peratus, diikuti migran antara negeri (28.5%) dan selebihnya 10.3 peratus daripada migran antarabangsa (tidak termasuk migran keluar dari Malaysia). Bilangan migran dalaman iaitu seramai 678,700 orang mewakili 89.8 peratus daripada jumlah migran. Sepanjang tempoh 2011–2012 corak migrasi menunjukkan penduduk masih cenderung berhijrah dalam negeri yang sama.
Percentage distribution of migrants resulting from the intra-state migrants was 61.3 per cent, followed by inter-state migrants (28.5%) and the remaining was 10.3 per cent of international migrants (excluding migrants out of Malaysia). The number of internal migrants at 678,700 persons represented 89.8 per cent of the total migrants. During the period 2011–2012, migration patterns showed that the residents still inclined to migrate in the same state.
Carta 1: Chart 1:
Taburan peratus penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012 Percentage distribution of population aged 1 year and over by migration status, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
59.0%
27.8%
13.2%
97.5% Bukan
migran/ Non-
migrant
2.5% (711,600) Migran/ Migrant
2010—2011
61.3%
28.5%
10.3%
97.4% Bukan
migran/ Non-
migrant
2.6% (756,300) Migran/ Migrant
2011—2012
Migran dalam negeri Intra-state migrants
Migran antara negeri Inter-state migrants
Migran antarabangsa International migrants
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS
2 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri
bagi tempoh 2011–2012 meningkat masing-
masing sebanyak 2.3 dan 0.7 mata peratus
kepada 61.3 dan 28.5 peratus. Sebaliknya,
peratusan migran antarabangsa menyusut
sebanyak 2.9 mata peratus kepada 10.3 peratus.
(Carta 1)
Intra-state migrants and inter-state migrants for
the period 2011–2012 increased by 2.3 and 0.7
percentage points to 61.3 and 28.5 per cent
respectively. In contrast, the percentage of
international migrants decreased by 2.9
percentage points to 10.3 per cent. (Chart 1)
MIGRASI MENGIKUT NEGERI MIGRATION BY STATE
Migrasi mengikut negeri bagi tempoh 2011–
2012 menunjukkan Sarawak mencatatkan
kadar migrasi tertinggi iaitu 3.7 peratus.
Peratusan migrasi negeri ini meningkat
sebanyak 1.3 mata peratus berbanding tahun
sebelumnya. Ianya disumbangkan oleh migran
dalam negeri iaitu 2.7 peratus dan selebihnya
migran antara negeri dan migran antarabangsa
masing-masing sebanyak 0.5 peratus.
Migration by state for the period 2011–2012
showed Sarawak recorded the highest
migration rate at 3.7 per cent, which was an
increase of 1.3 percentage points from the
previous year. This was contributed by intra-
state migrant at 2.7 per cent and the remaining
was inter-state and international migrants by
0.5 percent respectively.
Carta 2:
Chart 2:
Peratusan migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri destinasi dan taraf migrasi, Malaysia,
2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of migrants by state of destination and migration status, Malaysia,
2010–2011 and 2011–2012
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Joh
or
Ked
ah
Kel
anta
n
Mel
aka
Neg
eri
Sem
bil
an
Pah
ang
Pu
lau
Pin
ang
Per
ak
Per
lis
Sel
angor
Ter
enggan
u
Sab
ah
Sar
awak
W.P
. K
ual
a L
um
pu
r
W.P
. L
abu
an
W.P
. P
utr
ajay
a
(%) 2010-2011
Joh
or
Ked
ah
Kel
anta
n
Mel
aka
Neg
eri
Sem
bil
an
Pah
ang
Pu
lau
Pin
ang
Per
ak
Per
lis
Sel
angor
Ter
enggan
u
Sab
ah
Sar
awak
W.P
. K
ual
a L
um
pu
r
W.P
. L
abu
an
W.P
. P
utr
ajay
a
2011-2012
Dalam negeri
Intra-state
Antara negeri
Inter-state
Antarabangsa
International
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY FINDINGS
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 3
Selangor dan Pulau Pinang mencatatkan kadar
migrasi kedua tertinggi iaitu 3.5 peratus. Bagi
tempoh 2011–2012, kadar migrasi Selangor
meningkat sebanyak 0.3 mata peratus
sebaliknya Pulau Pinang menurun sebanyak 0.8
mata peratus berbanding tempoh 2010–2011.
Majoriti penduduk yang berhijrah ke Selangor
adalah migran dalam negeri dengan peratusan
sebanyak 2.3 peratus, migran antara negeri 1.0
dan migran antarabangsa pula sebanyak 0.2
peratus. Penduduk yang berhijrah ke Pulau
Pinang pula adalah migran dalam negeri (2.0%),
migran antara negeri (1.2%) dan migran
antarabangsa (0.3%).
Selangor and Pulau Pinang recorded the
second highest rate of migration at 3.5 per cent.
For the period 2011–2012, Selangor migration
rate increased by 0.3 percentage point, but
Pulau Pinang declined by 0.8 percentage point.
Majority of the population who migrated to
Selangor were intra-state migrants with a share
of 2.3 per cent, inter-state migrants by
1.0 per cent and international migrants by 0.2
per cent. Population who migrated to Pulau
Pinang was also intra-state migrants (2.0%),
inter-state migrants (1.2%) and international
migrants (0.3%).
W.P. Labuan dan W.P. Kuala Lumpur
masih kekal mencatatkan kadar migrasi yang
rendah masing-masing sebanyak 0.6 peratus
dan 1.1 peratus.
W.P. Labuan and W.P. Kuala Lumpur
continued to record low migration rates at 0.6
per cent and 1.1 per cent respectively.
Migrasi bersih Net migration
Bagi tempoh 2011–2012, Selangor masih
merupakan negeri destinasi utama migran
dengan jumlah migran bersih sebanyak 22,400
orang, meningkat sebanyak 26.5 peratus
berbanding tahun sebelumnya. Migran masuk
bersih kedua tertinggi ialah Kelantan (8,100)
diikuti Sarawak (7,100) dan Pulau Pinang
(5,200) orang.
For the period 2011-2012, Selangor was still
the main migrant destination state with a total
net migrant of 22,400 persons, an increase of
26.5 per cent as compared to the previous year.
Second highest net migrants was Kelantan
(8,100), followed by Sarawak (7,100) and Pulau
Pinang (5,200) persons.
Carta 3:
Chart 3: Migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Net migration by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
-6.7
-2.7
3.2
-0.2
-2.0
-1.2
8.8
-3.3
-2.2
17
.7
-0.4
-0.1
5.5
-14
.1
-1.3
-1.1
-10
.7
2.1
8.1
-1.1
-6.6
-5.2
5.2
-7.9
0.5
22
.4
-3.3
1.8
7.1
-11
.2
-0.7
-0.5
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Joh
or
Ked
ah
Kel
an
tan
Mel
ak
a
Neg
eri
Sem
bil
an
Pah
an
g
Pu
lau
Pin
an
g
Per
ak
Per
lis
Sel
an
gor
Ter
eng
gan
u
Sab
ah
Sara
wak
W.P
. K
uala
Lu
mp
ur
W.P
. L
ab
uan
W.P
. P
utr
aja
ya
('000)
2010—2011 2011—2012
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS
4 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Tiga negeri kekal sebagai negeri penghantar
utama migran iaitu W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Johor
dan Perak masing-masing mencatatkan migran
bersih keluar sebanyak 11,200, 10,700 dan
7,900 orang.
Three states which remained as the main
migrant sending state was W.P. Kuala Lumpur,
Johor and Perak recorded out net migrants of
11,200, 10,700 and 7,900 persons respectively.
Trend migrasi di tiga buah negeri iaitu Kedah,
Perlis dan Sabah pula mengalami perubahan
daripada negeri penghantar kepada negeri
penerima migran.
The migration trend of three states namely
Kedah, Perlis and Sabah has changed from a
sender to a receiver state of migrants.
Negeri Penerima Receiving State
Selangor merupakan negeri penerima utama
migrasi bagi tempoh 2011–2012. W.P. Kuala
Lumpur merupakan penyumbang utama migran
masuk ke Selangor iaitu 25.6 peratus, diikuti
Perak dan Pahang masing-masing 13.8 dan 11.1
peratus.
Selangor was a major receiving state migration
for the period 2011–2012. W.P. Kuala Lumpur
was the main contributor of migrants into
Selangor at 25.6 per cent, followed by Perak
and Pahang at 13.8 and 11.1 per cent
respectively.
Carta 4:
Chart 4:
Taburan peratus migran masuk ke Selangor dan Kelantan mengikut negeri asal, Malaysia,
2011–2012
Percentage distribution of in-migrant into Selangor and Kelantan by state of origin, Malaysia,
2011–2012
Negeri penerima kedua tertinggi ialah
Kelantan. Migran masuk ke Kelantan berasal
dari Selangor (19.4%), Johor (16.1%) dan
negeri-negeri jiran seperti Terengganu (12.8%)
dan Pahang (12.2%).
The second highest receiving state was
Kelantan. Migrants into Kelantan came from
Selangor (19.4%), Johor (16.1%) and
neighbouring states like Terengganu (12.8%)
and Pahang (12.2%).
W.P. Kuala
Lumpur
25.6%
Perak
13.8% Pahang
11.1% Sabah
9.7%
Negeri
Sembilan
8.3%
Terengganu
8.3%
Johor
7.6%
Kelantan
5.5%
Pulau
Pinang
4.0%
Kedah
2.9%
Negeri-
negeri lain
Other states
3.1%
SELANGOR
Selangor
19.4%
Johor
16.1%
Terengganu
12.8% Pahang
12.2%
Negeri
Sembilan
10.6%
Perak
7.2%
W.P.
Kuala
Lumpur 6.7%
Melaka
6.1%
Kedah
3.3% Pulau
Pinang
2.8%
Negeri-
negeri lain
Other states
2.8%
KELANTAN
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY FINDINGS
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 5
Negeri Penghantar Sending State
W.P. Kuala Lumpur adalah negeri penghantar
utama migrasi bagi tempoh 2011–2012.
Majoriti penduduk yang berhijrah keluar dari
W.P. Kuala Lumpur menuju ke negeri jiran iaitu
Selangor (62.2%). Selain itu, mereka juga
memilih Kelantan (5.0%), Pulau Pinang dan
Terengganu (4.2%) sebagai negeri destinasi.
W.P. Kuala Lumpur was the main sending state
migration for the period 2011–2012. Majority
of the population have migrated out from W.P.
Kuala Lumpur and headed to the neighbouring
state of Selangor (62.2%). In addition, they also
chose Kelantan (5.0%), Pulau Pinang and
Terengganu (4.2%) as their destination states.
Carta 5:
Chart 5: Taburan peratus migran keluar dari W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan Johor mengikut negeri destinasi,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of out-migrants from W.P. Kuala Lumpur and Johor by state of destination,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Johor merupakan negeri penghantar kedua
tertinggi. Aliran migran keluar bagi Johor
adalah hampir sama seperti W.P. Kuala Lumpur
iaitu tertumpu ke Selangor (20.0%), Kelantan
(13.2%), Terengganu dan W.P. Kuala Lumpur
(10.0%) serta Pulau Pinang (8.6%) sebagai
negeri destinasi penghijrahan.
Johor was the second highest sending state. The
outflow of migrants from Johor was almost the
same as W.P. Kuala Lumpur which focused on
Selangor (20.0%), Kelantan (13.2%),
Terengganu and W.P. Kuala Lumpur (10.0%)
and Pulau Pinang (8.6%) as migration
destination states.
Selangor
62.2%
Kelantan
5.0%
Pulau
Pinang
4.2%
Terengganu
4.2%
Kedah
3.8%
Negeri
Sembilan
3.8%
Sabah
3.8%
Johor
2.5%
Melaka
2.5%
Pahang
2.5%
Perak
2.5% Negeri-
negeri lain
Others states
2.9%
W.P. KUALA LUMPUR
Selangor
20.0%
Kelantan
13.2%
Terengganu
10.0%
W.P.
Kuala
Lumpur 10.0%
Pulau
Pinang
8.6%
Sarawak
7.7%
Kedah
7.3%
Pahang
7.3%
Perak
5.9%
Negeri
Sembilan
4.5%
Melaka
4.1%
Negeri-
negeri lain
Others states
1.4%
JOHOR
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS
6 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Nisbah Keberkesanan Effectiveness Ratio
Sarawak merekodkan nisbah keberkesanan
migrasi tertinggi iaitu 41.8 peratus. Ini
bermakna penduduk Sarawak akan bertambah
sebanyak 41 orang bagi setiap 100 pergerakan
masuk atau keluar bagi negeri tersebut.
Sarawak recorded the highest migration
effectiveness ratio at 41.8 per cent. This means
that Sarawak population will increase by 41
persons for every 100 movements into or out
for the state.
Sebaliknya, W.P. Labuan mencatatkan nisbah
keberkesanan migrasi negatif iaitu 70.0
peratus. Ini menunjukan negeri tersebut
kehilangan 70 orang bagi setiap 100
pergerakan keluar atau masuk bagi negeri
tersebut.
On the contrary, W.P. Labuan recorded
negative migration effectiveness ratio of 70.0
per cent. This indicates that W.P. Labuan was
losing 70 persons for every 100 movements out
or into for the state.
Carta 6:
Chart 6:
Nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri,
Malaysia, 2011–2012 Migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY FINDINGS
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 7
MIGRASI MENGIKUT STRATA MIGRATION BY STRATUM
Bagi tempoh 2011–2012, pergerakan migran
dari bandar ke bandar kekal sebagai
pergerakan utama di Malaysia dengan 61.5
peratus, meningkat sebanyak 3.0 mata peratus
berbanding tempoh 2010–2011. Peratusan
migran dari luar bandar ke bandar turut
meningkat berbanding tahun sebelumnya, iaitu
daripada 6.4 peratus kepada 7.5 peratus. Secara
keseluruhannya, komposisi pergerakan
penduduk mengikut arah aliran migrasi bagi
tempoh 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012 adalah
konsisten.
For the period 2011–2012, the movement of
migrants from urban to urban remained as a
major movement in Malaysia with 61.5 per cent,
an increase of 3.0 percentage points as
compared to 2010–2011 period. The percentage
of migrants from rural to urban areas also
increase compared to previous year, from 6.4 to
7.5 per cent. Overall, the composition of
population movement in migration direction for
the period 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 was
consistent.
Carta 7:
Chart 7:
Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut strata (arah aliran migrasi),
Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of internal migrants by stratum (migration flow),
Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
58.5
24.3
6.4 10.7
61.5
20.4
7.5 10.6
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
(%)
2010—2011
2011—2012
Bandar-Bandar
Urban-Urban Luar bandar-
Luar bandar
Rural-Rural
Bandar-Luar
bandar
Urban-Rural
Luar bandar-
Bandar
Rural-Urban
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS
8 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
CIRI-CIRI DEMOGRAFI MIGRAN DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
MIGRANTS
Trend penghijrahan penduduk mengikut
kumpulan umur dan jantina bagi tempoh 2010–
2011 dan 2011–2012 menunjukkan trend yang
hampir sama. Bagi tempoh 2011–2012,
penduduk dalam kumpulan umur 25–34 paling
ramai berhijrah iaitu 33.5 peratus berbanding
tahun sebelumnya iaitu 30.3 peratus. Kumpulan
umur 15–24 pula merupakan kumpulan umur
kedua tertinggi iaitu 26.8 peratus, namun
menurun 2.8 mata peratus berbanding tahun
2010–2011. Dua kumpulan umur ini, paling
cenderung berhijrah sama ada untuk
melanjutkan pelajaran, mencari peluang
pekerjaan atau mencari persekitaran baru yang
lebih baik.
Migration trends by age group and sex for the
period 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 showed
similar trends. For the period 2011–2012, the
population in the 25–34 age group has the
highest migrants with 33.5 per cent as
compared to previous year at 30.3 per cent. The
15–24 age group was the second highest at 26.8
per cent, but decreased by 2.8 percentage points
as compared to the period 2010–2011. These
two age groups were the likely most to migrate
either to further their studies, seeking
employment opportunities or the pursuance of
better environment.
Carta 8:
Chart 8:
Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia,
2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of internal migrants by sex and age group, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and
2011–2012
Migran dalaman kumpulan umur 1–14 tidak
menunjukkan perbezaan yang besar bagi
tempoh 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012 iaitu
masing-masing sebanyak 21.7 dan 21.8
peratus. Penduduk dalam kumpulan umur
muda ini berhijrah disebabkan mengikut ahli
keluarga yang berpindah kerana kerjaya atau
mencari persekitaran baru.
The internal migrants in the 1–14 age group
do not show a big difference for the period
2010–2011 and 2011–2012 with 21.7 and 21.8
per cent respectively. Population in this young
age group migrated due to family members
moving out for career or looking for a new
environment.
21.7
29.6
30.3
10.8
6.5
1.2
20.2
27.9
31.8
12.0
7.4
0.7
23.4
31.5
28.5
9.4
5.4
1.7
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
(%)
2010–2011
21.8
26.8
33.5
10.4
6.4
1.1
21.6
25.9
33.5
11.3
6.9
0.9
22.2
27.9
33.6
9.3
5.9
1.2
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
(%)
2011–2012 Kumpulan Umur (tahun)
Age group (year)
65 &
lebih/over
45–64
1–14
15–24
25–34
35–44
Perempuan
Female Lelaki
Male Jumlah
Total
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY FINDINGS
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 9
Kadar migrasi dalaman lelaki dan perempuan
adalah masing-masing sebanyak 2.4 dan 2.3
peratus. Manakala kadar migrasi dalaman bagi
kumpulan umur 25–34 bagi lelaki mahupun
perempuan merupakan yang tertinggi
berbanding dengan kumpulan umur yang lain
iaitu masing-masing sebanyak 4.3 peratus.
The internal migration rates for male and
female were 2.4 and 2.3 per cent respectively.
Meanwhile, the internal migration rates in the
25–34 age group for both sexes were the
highest as compared to other age groups at
4.3 per cent respectively.
Carta 9:
Chart 9:
Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Internal migration rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
CIRI-CIRI GUNA TENAGA MIGRAN CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYED
MIGRANTS
Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh (KPTB) migran
secara keseluruhan ialah 70.0 peratus, 4.8 mata
peratus lebih tinggi berbanding bukan migran
(65.2%). Penyertaan migran lelaki dan
perempuan dalam pasaran buruh juga lebih
tinggi berbanding bukan migran. Ini
menunjukkan bahawa penghijrahan penduduk
dipengaruhi oleh faktor pekerjaan. (Carta 10)
The labour force participation rate (LFPR) was
70.0 per cent of overall internal migrant, 4.8
percentage points higher than non-migrants
(65.2%). The participation rates of male and
female migrants in the labour market were also
higher than non-migrants. This indicates that
migration has been influenced by employment
factor. (Chart 10)
2.1
3.2
4.3
2.1
0.9
0.5
2.0
3.2
4.3
1.6
0.7 0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
1—14 15—24 25—34 35—44 45—64 65 & lebih/over
(%)
Kumpulan umur (tahun)/Age group (year)
Perempuan
Female Lelaki
Male
Jumlah
Total 2.4
Lelaki Male
2.4
Perempuan
Female 2.3
65 & lebih/over
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS
10 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
KPTB tertinggi bagi migran lelaki berada dalam
kumpulan umur 35–44 (98.7%) manakala
migran perempuan dalam kumpulan umur 25–
34 (65.2%).
The highest LFPR for male migrants was in the
35–44 age group (98.7%) while for female
migrants in the age group 25–34 (65.2%).
SEBAB PENGHIJRAHAN REASONS FOR MIGRATION
Bagi tempoh 2011–2012 hampir separuh
daripada migran dalaman di Malaysia berhijrah
kerana mengikut ahli keluarga. Namun sebab
utama penduduk berhijrah adalah kerana faktor
kerjaya iaitu 21.8 peratus, diikuti persekitaran
(19.7%), perkahwinan & penceraian (5.8%) dan
pendidikan (5.7%).
For the period 2011–2012, almost half of
internal migrants in Malaysia migrated because
they followed their family members. However,
the main reasons people migrated were due to
work-related factors at 21.8 per cent, followed
by environment (19.7%), marriage & divorce
(5.8%) and education (5.7%).
Carta 11:
Chart 11: Taburan peratus sebab-sebab penghijrahan penduduk, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of reasons for migration of population, Malaysia, 2011–2012
43.4
21.8
19.7
5.8 5.7 3.6
Carta 10:
Chart 10:
Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut jantina dan
kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Labour force participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by sex and age group,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
83
.9
60
.7
96
.9
98
.7
83
.6
80
.2
48
.8
96
.8
97
.9
84
.2
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Jumlah
Total
15—24 25—34 35—44 45—64
LELAKI/MALE
54
.0
42
.4
65
.2
62
.4
32
.1
49
.2
32
.0
67
.3
59
.9
42
.5
Jumlah
Total
15—24 25—34 35—44 45—64
PEREMPUAN/FEMALE
Jumlah
Total
Jumlah
Total
Migran dalaman
Internal migrant
Bukan migran
Non-migrant
KP
TB
/ L
FP
R (
%)
Mengikut keluarga
Follow family member
Kerjaya
Work-related
Perkahwinan &
Perceraian
Marriage & Divorce
Persekitaran
Environment
Pendidikan
Education
Lain-lain
Others
JADUAL TABLES
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 11
Jadual 1:
Table 1: Perangkaan utama migrasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Key migration statistics, Malaysia, 2010–2011and 2011–2012
Perkara
Item
Tempoh
Period
2010–2011 2011–2012
Taburan peratus penduduk mengikut taraf migrasi
Percentage distribution of population by migration status
(%)
Jumlah
Total 100.0 100.0
Migran
Migrants 2.5 2.6
100.0 100.0
Migran dalam negeri
Intra-state migrants 59.0 61.3
Migran antara negeri
Inter-state migrants 27.8 28.5
Migran antarabangsa a
International migrants
13.2
10.3
Bukan migran
Non-migrants 97.5 97.4
Bilangan migran dalaman mengikut taraf migrasi
Number of internal migrants by migration status
(‘000)
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants 617.9 678.7
Migran dalam negeri
Intra-state migrants 419.8 463.4
Migran antara negeri
Inter-state migrants 198.1 215.3
a Tidak termasuk migran dari Malaysia ke negara lain
Excludes migrants from Malaysia to other countries
JADUAL TABLES
12 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 2:
Table 2:
Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran masuk mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan
2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of in-migrants by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and
2011–2012
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
Tempoh
Period
2010–2011 2011–2012
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Malaysia 198.1 100.0 215.3 100.0
Johor 14.8 7.5 11.3 5.2
Kedah 11.8 6.0 21.0 9.8
Kelantan 13.1 6.6 17.9 8.3
Melaka 7.1 3.6 5.9 2.7
Negeri Sembilan 9.3 4.7 7.5 3.5
Pahang 12.0 6.0 11.8 5.5
Pulau Pinang 18.4 9.3 18.2 8.5
Perak 14.4 7.3 15.1 7.0
Perlis 2.4 1.2 1.6 0.7
Selangor 50.9 25.7 57.8 26.8
Terengganu 6.6 3.3 8.6 4.0
Sabah 11.6 5.9 12.3 5.7
Sarawak 12.9 6.5 12.1 5.6
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur 10.1 5.1 12.6 5.9
W.P.
Labuan 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1
W.P.
Putrajaya 2.5 1.3 1.7 0.8
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 13
Jadual 3:
Table 3 :
Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran keluar mengikut negeri, Malaysia,
2010–2011 dan 2011–2012 Number and percentage distribution of out-migrants by state, Malaysia,
2010–2011 and 2011–2012
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
Tempoh
Period
2010–2011 2011–2012
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Malaysia 198.1 100.0 215.3 100.0
Johor 21.4 10.8 21.9 10.2
Kedah 14.5 7.3 18.9 8.8
Kelantan 9.9 5.0 9.8 4.6
Melaka 7.3 3.7 6.9 3.2
Negeri Sembilan 11.3 5.7 14.1 6.5
Pahang 13.1 6.6 17.0 7.9
Pulau Pinang 9.6 4.8 13.0 6.0
Perak 17.8 9.0 23.0 10.7
Perlis 4.6 2.3 1.1 0.5
Selangor 33.1 16.7 35.4 16.4
Terengganu 7.0 3.5 11.9 5.5
Sabah 11.8 5.9 10.4 4.8
Sarawak 7.4 3.8 5.0 2.3
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur 24.3 12.2 23.8 11.1
W.P.
Labuan 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.4
W.P.
Putrajaya 3.7 1.9 2.2 1.0
JADUAL TABLES
14 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 4:
Table 4: Bilangan migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Number of net migration by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
(‘000)
Negeri
State
Tempoh
Period
2010–2011 2011–2012
Johor -6.7 -10.7
Kedah -2.7 2.1
Kelantan 3.2 8.1
Melaka -0.2 -1.1
Negeri Sembilan -2.0 -6.6
Pahang -1.2 -5.2
Pulau Pinang 8.8 5.2
Perak -3.3 -7.9
Perlis -2.2 0.5
Selangor 17.7 22.4
Terengganu -0.4 -3.3
Sabah -0.1 1.8
Sarawak 5.5 7.1
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur -14.1 -11.2
W.P.
Labuan -1.3 -0.7
W.P.
Putrajaya -1.1 -0.5
PENDUDUK BERUMUR 1 TAHUN DAN LEBIH
POPULATION AGED 1 YEAR AND OVER
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 15
Jadual 5:
Table 5:
Taburan peratus migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri destinasi dan taraf migrasi,
Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of migrants from the population by state of destination and migration status,
Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
(%)
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
Tempoh
Period
2010-2011 2011-2012
Jumlah
Total
Dalam
negeri
Intra-
state
Antara
negeri
Inter-
state
Antara-
bangsa a
Inter-
national
Jumlah
Total
Dalam
negeri
Intra-
state
Antara
negeri
Inter-
state
Antara-
bangsa a
Inter-
national
Malaysia 2.5 1.5 0.7 0.3 2.6 1.6 0.8 0.3
Johor 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.3
Kedah 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.3 3.2 1.9 1.1 0.3
Kelantan 2.9 1.8 0.8 0.2 3.0 1.7 1.1 0.1
Melaka 2.7 1.8 0.9 0.1 2.2 1.4 0.7 0.1
Negeri
Sembilan 2.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.8 0.7 0.7 0.4
Pahang 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.8 0.7 0.8 0.3
Pulau Pinang 4.3 2.7 1.2 0.5 3.5 2.0 1.2 0.3
Perak 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.3 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.3
Perlis 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.1 1.2 0.4 0.7 0.2
Selangor 3.2 1.9 0.9 0.4 3.5 2.3 1.0 0.2
Terengganu 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 2.2 1.2 0.8 0.2
Sabah 3.5 2.9 0.4 0.3 3.0 2.3 0.4 0.3
Sarawak 2.4 1.5 0.5 0.5 3.7 2.7 0.5 0.5
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur 0.8 n.a 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.0 0.8 0.3
W.P.
Labuan 0.6 0.5 0.2 - 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1
W.P.
Putrajaya 3.8 n.a 3.5 0.3 2.4 0.0 2.3 0.2
a Tidak termasuk migran dari Malaysia ke negara lain
Excludes migrants from Malaysia to other countries
JADUAL TABLES
16 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 6:
Table 6:
Bilangan dan kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur
1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number and rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 1 year and over
by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Negeri
State
(‘000)
(Kadar bagi setiap 1,000
penduduk)
(Rate per 1,000 population) (‘000)
(bagi setiap
1,000
penduduk)
(per 1,000
population)
(%)
Migran
masuk
In-
migrants
Migran
keluar
Out-
migrants
Migrasi
bersih
Net
migration
Migrasi
masuk
In-
migration
Migrasi
keluar
Out-
migration
Migrasi
bersih
Net
migration
Migrasi
kasar
Gross
migration
Kadar
migrasi
kasar
Gross
migration
rate
Nisbah
keberkesanan
migrasi
Migration
effectiveness
ratio
Malaysia 215.3 215.3 - n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a
Johor 11.3 21.9 -10.7 3.4 6.5 -3.2 33.2 9.9 -32.2
Kedah 21.0 18.9 2.1 10.8 9.7 1.1 39.9 20.4 5.3
Kelantan 17.9 9.8 8.1 11.2 6.2 5.1 27.7 17.3 29.2
Melaka 5.9 6.9 -1.1 7.1 8.3 -1.3 12.8 15.5 -8.6
Negeri
Sembilan 7.5 14.1 -6.6 7.3 13.6 -6.4 21.6 20.9 -30.6
Pahang 11.8 17.0 -5.2 7.8 11.2 -3.4 28.8 19.1 -18.1
Pulau Pinang 18.2 13.0 5.2 11.6 8.3 3.3 31.2 19.9 16.7
Perak 15.1 23.0 -7.9 6.4 9.7 -3.3 38.2 16.1 -20.7
Perlis 1.6 1.1 0.5 6.8 4.7 2.1 2.7 11.4 18.5
Selangor 57.8 35.4 22.4 10.4 6.4 4.0 93.2 16.8 24.0
Terengganu 8.6 11.9 -3.3 8.1 11.2 -3.1 20.5 19.2 -16.1
Sabah 12.3 10.4 1.8 3.7 3.2 0.5 22.7 6.9 7.9
Sarawak 12.1 5.0 7.1 4.9 2.0 2.9 17.0 6.9 41.8
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur 12.6 23.8 -11.2 7.5 14.1 -6.7 36.3 21.7 -30.9
W.P.
Labuan 0.2 0.9 -0.7 2.2 10.0 -7.9 1.0 11.7 -70.0
W.P.
Putrajaya 1.7 2.2 -0.5 22.5 29.0 -6.6 3.9 51.9 -12.8
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 17
Jadual 7:
Table 7: Bilangan migran dalaman mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number of internal migrants by state of origin and destination, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(‘000)
Negeri asal
State of origin
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
Ma
lay
sia
Joho
r
Ked
ah
Kel
anta
n
Mel
aka
Neg
eri
Sem
bil
an
Pah
ang
Pu
lau
Pin
ang
Per
ak
Per
lis
Sel
ang
or
Ter
engg
anu
Sab
ah
Sar
awak
W.P
.
Ku
ala
Lu
mpu
r
W.P
.
Lab
uan
W.P
.
Pu
traj
aya
Malaysia 678.7 41.1 57.2 45.6 17.3 14.9 22.9 50.1 37.6 2.4 184.9 21.0 89.6 79.3 12.6 0.5 1.7
Johor 51.7 29.8 1.6 2.9 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 1.3 0.0 4.4 2.2 0.3 1.7 2.2 - 0.0
Kedah 55.0 3.8 36.2 0.6 0.1 1.6 0.5 5.2 2.6 0.4 1.7 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.2 - 0.1
Kelantan 37.5 0.8 1.4 27.7 - 0.2 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.1 3.2 0.7 - 0.6 0.4 - 0.0
Melaka 18.3 0.4 0.1 1.1 11.4 0.1 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.2 0.1 0.4 - 0.1
Negeri
Sembilan 21.5 0.8 0.1 1.9 1.9 7.4 1.0 1.6 0.2 0.0 4.8 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.7 - 0.1
Pahang 28.1 2.4 0.7 2.2 - 0.1 11.1 0.0 1.6 0.1 6.4 0.9 - 2.2 0.4 0.0 0.0
Pulau Pinang 44.9 0.5 4.5 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 31.9 0.9 0.4 2.3 0.3 0.5 1.4 1.2 - 0.0
Perak 45.5 0.5 2.5 1.3 0.3 1.1 2.1 3.8 22.4 0.1 8.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.2 - 0.2
Perlis 1.9 - 0.6 - - - - - - 0.8 0.0 0.2 - 0.1 - - 0.1
Selangor 162.5 1.1 8.0 3.5 0.9 1.6 2.6 2.1 3.3 0.3 127.1 1.1 2.6 2.3 5.3 - 0.7
Terengganu 24.4 - 0.2 2.3 0.0 0.6 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.0 4.8 12.5 0.5 - 0.7 - 0.0
Sabah 87.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 - 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.0 5.6 - 77.4 1.1 0.6 0.1 0.1
Sarawak 72.3 0.2 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.3 - 1.0 0.1 0.8 - 2.4 67.3 0.2 - 0.0
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur 23.8 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.1 14.8 1.0 0.9 0.3 - - 0.3
W.P.
Labuan 1.2 - 0.2 - - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.6 - 0.3 -
W.P.
Putrajaya 2.2 - 0.2 0.3 - 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 - 0.9 0.2 - - - - -
JADUAL TABLES
18 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 8:
Table 8:
Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia,
2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of internal migrants by stratum (migration flow), Malaysia,
2010–2011 and 2011–2012
(%)
Strata (arah aliran migrasi)
Stratum (migration flow)
Tempoh
Period
2010–2011 2011–2012
Jumlah
Total 100.0 100.0
Bandar-Bandar
Urban-Urban 58.5 61.5
Bandar-Luar bandar
Urban-Rural 24.3 20.4
Luar bandar-Bandar
Rural-Urban 6.4 7.5
Luar bandar- Luar bandar
Rural-Rural 10.7 10.6
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 19
Jadual 9:
Table 9:
Taburan peratus migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri mengikut negeri dan strata (arah aliran
migrasi), Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of intra-state and inter-state migrants by state and stratum (migration flow), Malaysia,
2011–2012
(%)
Negeri destinasi
State of
destination
Migran dalam negeri
Intra-state migrants Migran antara negeri
Inter-state migrants
Jumlah
Total
Strata (arah aliran migrasi)
Stratum (migration flow)
Jumlah
Total
Strata (arah aliran migrasi)
Stratum (migration flow)
Bandar-
Bandar
Urban-
Urban
Bandar
-Luar
bandar
Urban-
Rural
Luar
bandar-
Bandar
Rural-
Urban
Luar
bandar
-Luar
bandar
Rural-
Rural
Bandar-
Bandar
Urban-
Urban
Bandar
-Luar
bandar
Urban-
Rural
Luar
bandar-
Bandar
Rural-
Urban
Luar
bandar -
Luar
bandar
Rural-
Rural
Malaysia 100.0 58.5 18.4 8.9 14.2 100.0 67.9 24.7 4.6 2.8
Johor 100.0 52.6 12.2 15.9 19.3 100.0 65.9 13.2 13.6 7.2
Kedah 100.0 54.1 18.6 4.5 22.8 100.0 43.0 52.3 0.5 4.2
Kelantan 100.0 20.0 43.0 11.0 26.0 100.0 24.1 67.3 1.2 7.4
Melaka 100.0 87.0 13.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 88.7 11.3 0.0 0.0
Negeri
Sembilan 100.0 59.1 13.3 12.6 15.0 100.0 76.3 23.7 0.0 0.0
Pahang 100.0 49.4 26.5 3.0 21.1 100.0 54.7 26.2 8.4 10.6
Pulau Pinang 100.0 79.7 11.8 3.5 5.0 100.0 71.5 13.1 10.4 5.0
Perak 100.0 33.8 18.0 21.5 26.8 100.0 67.6 27.5 1.8 3.1
Perlis 100.0 17.8 8.9 42.1 31.2 100.0 25.6 66.3 6.5 1.6
Selangor 100.0 92.1 7.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 90.6 5.4 4.1 0.0
Terengganu 100.0 16.5 29.5 11.2 42.8 100.0 36.3 52.3 9.7 1.7
Sabah 100.0 42.5 29.8 11.8 16.0 100.0 72.4 25.4 2.2 0.0
Sarawak 100.0 37.4 18.9 20.5 23.2 100.0 48.1 40.9 10.2 0.8
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P.
Labuan 100.0 66.4 33.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 9.9 62.1 26.1 1.9
W.P.
Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a. n.a. n.a.
JADUAL TABLES
20 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 10:
Table 10:
Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut jantina dan kumpulan
umur, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants by sex and age group,
Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
Jantina/
Kumpulan umur (tahun)
Sex/Age group (year)
Tempoh
Period
2010–2011 2011–2012
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Jumlah
Total
Jumlah
Total 618.0 100.0 678.7 100.0
1–14 134.0 21.7 148.3 21.8
15–24 183.1 29.6 181.8 26.8
25–34 187.0 30.3 227.6 33.5
35–44 66.6 10.8 70.4 10.4
45–64 39.9 6.5 43.5 6.4
65 & lebih/over 7.4 1.2 7.1 1.1
Lelaki
Male
Jumlah
Total 326.9 100.0 361.4 100.0
1–14 66.0 20.2 77.9 21.6
15–24 91.4 27.9 93.4 25.9
25–34 104.0 31.8 121.1 33.5
35–44 39.1 12.0 40.8 11.3
45–64 24.2 7.4 24.8 6.9
65 & lebih/over 2.4 0.7 3.3 0.9
Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total 291.0 100.0 317.3 100.0
1–14 68.0 23.4 70.4 22.2
15–24 91.7 31.5 88.4 27.9
25–34 83.1 28.5 106.5 33.6
35–44 27.5 9.4 29.6 9.3
45–64 15.7 5.4 18.7 5.9
65 & lebih/over 5.0 1.7 3.8 1.2
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 21
Jadual 11:
Table 11:
Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia,
2011–2012
Internal migration rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Kumpulan Umur (tahun)
Age group (year) Jumlah
Total Lelaki
Male Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total 2.4 2.4 2.3
1–14 2.1 2.1 2.0
15–24 3.2 3.2 3.2
25–34 4.3 4.3 4.3
35–44 1.8 2.1 1.6
45–64 0.8 0.9 0.7
65 & lebih/over 0.5 0.5 0.5
Jadual 12:
Table 12 :
Nisbah jantina migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut kumpulan umur,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Sex ratio of internal migrants and non-migrants by age group, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Kumpulan umur (tahun)
Age group (year) Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total 117 106
1–14 110 105
15–24 104 105
25–34 129 111
35–44 136 106
45–64 120 105
65 & lebih/over 82 92
JADUAL TABLES
22 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 13:
Table 13:
Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut
kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants aged 1 year and over by ethnic group,
Malaysia, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012
Kumpulan etnik
Ethnic group
Tempoh
Period
2010–2011 2011–2012
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Jumlah
Total 618.0 100.0 678.7 100.0
Warganegara Malaysia
Malaysian citizens 533.5 86.3 594.7 87.6
Bumiputera 419.6 78.7 472.2 79.4
Melayu
Malay 332.9 62.4 371.8 62.5
Bumiputera lain
Other Bumiputera 86.7 16.3 100.4 16.9
Cina
Chinese 80.9 15.2 71.2 12.0
India
Indians 28.9 5.4 43.8 7.4
Lain-lain
Others 4.1 0.8 7.5 1.3
Bukan warganegara Malaysia
Non-Malaysian citizens 84.4 13.7 84.0 12.4
Jadual 14: Table 14:
Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan etnik dan jantina, Malaysia, 2011–2012 Internal migration rates by ethnic group and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Kumpulan etnik
Ethnic group
Jumlah
Total Lelaki
Male Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total 2.4 2.4 2.3
Warganegara Malaysia
Malaysian citizens 2.3 2.3 2.2
Bumiputera 2.6 2.7 2.6
Melayu
Malay 2.6 2.6 2.6
Bumiputera lain
Other Bumiputera 3.0 3.4 2.5
Cina
Chinese 1.1 1.1 1.1
India
Indians 2.3 2.0 2.5
Lain-lain
Others 3.6 4.3 2.9
Bukan warganegara Malaysia
Non-Malaysian citizens 3.6 4.0 3.0
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 23
Jadual 15:
Table 15:
Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 1 tahun dan lebih
mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata destinasi, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 1 year and over by ethnic
group and stratum of destination, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Kumpulan etnik
Ethnic group
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total Bandar
Urban
Luar
bandar
Rural
Jumlah
Total Bandar
Urban
Luar
bandar
Rural
Jumlah
Total 100.0 69.0 31.0 100.0 68.2 31.8
Warganegara Malaysia
Malaysian citizens 100.0 70.1 29.9 100.0 67.7 32.3
Bumiputera
100.0 64.6 35.4 100.0 57.5 42.5
Melayu
Malay 100.0 65.6 34.4 100.0 59.9 40.1
Bumiputera lain
Other Bumiputera 100.0 61.0 39.0 100.0 46.9 53.1
Cina
Chinese 100.0 91.8 8.2 100.0 89.0 11.0
India
Indians 100.0 89.4 10.6 100.0 89.0 11.0
Lain-lain
Others 100.0 97.9 2.1 100.0 74.9 25.1
Bukan warganegara Malaysia
Non-Malaysian citizens 100.0 61.5 38.5 100.0 73.8 26.2
JADUAL TABLES
24 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 16:
Table 16:
Bilangan dan taburan peratus sebab-sebab penghijrahan penduduk, Malaysia,
2010–2011 dan 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of reasons for migration of population, Malaysia,
2010–2011 and 2011–2012
Sebab penghijrahan
Reasons for migration
Tempoh
Period
2010–2011 2011–2012
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Jumlah
Total
618.0 100.0 678.7 100.0
Mengikut keluarga
Follow family member
258.2 41.8 294.5 43.4
Kerjaya
Work-related
135.4 21.9 147.6 21.8
Berpindah tempat kerja/
memulakan pekerjaan baru
Job transfer/to start a new job
108.2 17.5 125.5 18.5
Mencari kerja
Seeking work
17.5 2.8 12.1 1.8
Berhenti kerja
Resign
8.8 1.4 8.8 1.3
Bersara
Retire
0.9 0.2 1.2 0.2
Persekitaran
Environment
131.8 21.3 133.8 19.7
Pelajaran
Education
38.3 6.2 39.1 5.7
Memasuki persekolahan
Start schooling
34.2 5.5 33.4 4.9
Telah tamat persekolahan
Complete schooling
4.1 0.7 5.7 0.8
Perkahwinan & perceraian
Marriage & divorce
34.9 5.7 39.0 5.8
Perkahwinan
Marriage
33.3 5.4 35.7 5.3
Perceraian
Divorce
1.6 0.3 3.3 0.5
Lain-lain
Others 19.4 3.1 24.7 3.6
PENDUDUK BERUMUR 15-64 TAHUN
POPULATION AGED 15-64 YEARS
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 25
Jadual 17:
Table 17:
Bilangan dan kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi
penduduk berumur 15-64 tahun mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number and rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration effectiveness ratio of the population aged
15-64 years by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Negeri
State
(‘000)
(Kadar bagi setiap 1,000
penduduk)
(Rate per 1,000 population) (‘000)
(bagi
setiap
1,000
penduduk)
(per 1,000
population)
(%)
Migran
masuk In-
migrants
Migran
keluar Out-
migrants
Migrasi
bersih Net
migration
Migrasi
masuk In-
migration
Migrasi
keluar Out-
migration
Migrasi
bersih Net
migration
Migrasi
kasar Gross
migration
Kadar
migrasi
kasar Gross
migration
rate
Nisbah
keberkesanan
migrasi Migration
effectiveness
ratio
Malaysia 171.8 171.8 0.0 n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a
Johor 8.2 17.0 -8.8 3.5 7.2 -3.8 25.2 10.8 -34.9
Kedah 15.2 13.8 1.4 11.6 10.6 1.1 28.9 22.2 4.8
Kelantan 11.7 8.0 3.6 11.6 7.9 3.6 19.7 19.5 18.3
Melaka 4.6 5.1 -0.5 8.0 8.9 -0.9 9.7 16.9 -5.2
Negeri
Sembilan 6.0 10.7 -4.7 8.4 14.9 -6.6 16.8 23.5 -28.0
Pahang 8.9 13.0 -4.1 8.8 12.8 -4.0 21.9 21.6 -18.7
Pulau Pinang 15.3 11.6 3.6 13.5 10.3 3.2 26.9 23.7 13.4
Perak 12.6 17.4 -4.8 7.9 10.9 -3.0 30.0 18.8 -16.0
Perlis 1.4 0.8 0.6 8.7 5.0 3.7 2.1 13.3 28.6
Selangor 50.2 28.4 21.8 12.4 7.1 5.4 78.6 19.5 27.7
Terengganu 5.4 9.2 -3.8 7.9 13.4 -5.6 14.6 21.4 -26.0
Sabah 9.6 10.1 -0.5 4.1 4.3 -0.2 19.7 8.4 -2.5
Sarawak 9.6 4.7 4.9 5.7 2.8 2.9 14.3 8.5 34.3
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur 11.9 19.4 -7.5 9.6 15.5 -6.0 31.3 25.1 -24.0
W.P.
Labuan 0.1 0.6 -0.4 1.6 9.6 -6.5 0.7 11.0 -57.1
W.P. Putrajaya 1.3 2.0 -0.7 25.7 39.0 -13.8 3.4 66.9 -20.6
JADUAL TABLES
26 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 18:
Table 18: Bilangan migran dalaman berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number of internal migrants aged 15–64 years by state of origin and destination, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(‘000)
Negeri asal
State of origin
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
Ma
lay
sia
Joh
or
Ked
ah
Kel
anta
n
Mel
aka
Neg
eri
Sem
bil
an
Pah
ang
Pu
lau
Pin
ang
Per
ak
Per
lis
Sel
ang
or
Ter
eng
gan
u
Sab
ah
Sar
awak
W.P
.
Ku
ala
Lu
mp
ur
W.P
.
Lab
uan
W.P
.
Pu
traj
aya
Malaysia 523.3 29.3 40.9 31.4 13.1 12.2 16.4 40.1 28.8 2.1 151.9 13.9 69.9 59.6 11.9 0.4 1.3
Johor 38.1 21.1 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.6 1.3 - 4.4 1.2 0.3 1.3 2.0 - 0.0
Kedah 39.5 2.3 25.7 0.5 0.1 1.1 0.2 4.7 2.0 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 - 0.1
Kelantan 27.7 0.8 1.1 19.7 - 0.2 0.6 1.2 0.3 0.1 2.2 0.6 - 0.6 0.4 - 0.0
Melaka 13.6 0.4 - 0.3 8.5 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 - 0.1 0.1 2.2 0.1 0.4 - 0.0
Negeri
Sembilan 16.9 0.8 0.1 1.0 1.6 6.2 0.9 1.0 0.2 - 3.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.7 - 0.1
Pahang 20.5 1.2 0.4 1.4 - 0.1 7.5 - 1.6 0.1 5.8 0.4 - 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0
Pulau Pinang 36.5 0.5 3.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 24.9 0.8 0.4 2.3 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.0
Perak 33.7 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.3 3.3 16.3 0.1 6.6 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.2 - 0.1
Perlis 1.5 - 0.4 - - - - - - 0.8 - 0.1 - 0.1 - - 0.1
Selangor 130.1 0.9 5.6 2.8 0.6 1.3 2.0 1.7 2.8 0.1 101.7 0.8 2.4 1.7 5.1 - 0.6
Terengganu 17.7 - 0.2 1.4 - 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.7 - 4.3 8.5 0.2 0.0 0.7 - 0.0
Sabah 70.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 - 0.7 0.4 0.9 - 5.6 - 60.3 1.1 0.6 0.1 0.1
Sarawak 54.7 0.2 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.3 - 1.0 0.1 0.8 - 2.0 50.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur 19.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.1 12.5 0.6 0.8 0.3 - - 0.2
W.P.
Labuan 0.8 - 0.2 - - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.2 -
W.P.
Putrajaya 2.0 - 0.2 0.3 - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.9 0.2 - - - - -
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 27
Jadual 19:
Table 19 :
Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut
kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by age group
and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Kumpulan
umur (tahun)
Age group (year)
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total Lelaki
Male Perempuan
Female Jumlah
Total Lelaki
Male Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
15–24 34.8 33.4 36.4 28.3 28.1 28.6
25–34 43.5 43.2 43.8 25.9 26.4 25.3
35–44 13.5 14.6 12.2 19.4 19.3 19.5
45–64 8.3 8.9 7.7 26.5 26.2 26.7
JADUAL TABLES
28 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 20:
Table 20:
Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut kumpulan
umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Labour force participation rate of internal migrants and non-migrants by age group and sex, Malaysia,
2011–2012
(%)
Kumpulan umur
(tahun)
Age group
(year)
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total Lelaki
Male Perempuan
Female Jumlah
Total Lelaki
Male Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total 70.0 83.9 54.0 65.2 80.2 49.2
15–24 51.8 60.7 42.4 40.6 48.8 32.0
25–34 82.1 96.9 65.2 82.8 96.8 67.3
35–44 83.4 98.7 62.4 79.5 97.9 59.9
45–64 61.5 83.6 32.1 63.8 84.2 42.5
Jadual 21:
Table 21:
Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut strata
(arah aliran migrasi) dan jantina, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Labour force participation rate of internal migrants and non-migrants by stratum (migration flow)
and sex, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Strata (arah aliran migrasi)
Stratum (migration flow) Jumlah
Total Lelaki
Male Perempuan
Female
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bandar-Bandar
Urban-Urban 71.3 82.5 59.2
Bandar-Luar bandar
Urban-Rural 68.6 88.7 43.3
Luar bandar-Bandar
Rural-Urban 66.1 75.0 52.9
Luar bandar-Luar bandar
Rural-Rural 67.7 91.0 38.7
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Bandar
Urban 66.1 79.9 51.4
Luar bandar
Rural 63.1 80.9 43.9
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 29
Jadual 22:
Table 22 :
Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut taraf pekerjaan,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and non-migrants by status in employment,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Taraf pekerjaan
Status in employment Migran dalaman
Internal migrants Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total 100.0 100.0
Majikan
Employer 2.1 3.9
Pekerja
Employee 87.6 74.8
Bekerja sendiri
Own account worker 7.4 16.7
Pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji
Unpaid family worker 2.9 4.6
Jadual 23:
Table 23:
Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut pekerjaan,
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and non-migrants by occupation, Malaysia,
2011–2012
(%)
Pekerjaan
Occupation Migran dalaman
Internal migrants Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total 100.0 100.0
Pengurus
Managers 3.5 5.6
Profesional
Professionals 12.8 9.7
Juruteknik dan profesional bersekutu
Technician and associate professionals 13.9 10.0
Pekerja sokongan perkeranian
Clerical support workers 9.9 9.4
Pekerja perkhidmatan dan jualan
Service and sales workers 18.6 20.9
Pekerja mahir pertanian, perhutanan dan perikanan
Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers 5.1 9.0
Pekerja kemahiran dan pekerja pertukangan yang
berkaitan
Craft and related trades workers 12.7 11.1
Operator loji dan mesin serta pemasang
Plant and machine-operators and assemblers 12.3 12.1
Pekerjaan asas
Elementary occupations 11.3 12.2
JADUAL TABLES
30 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Jadual 24:
Table 24:
Taburan peratus migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut pekerjaan dan strata (arah aliran migrasi),
Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants by occupation and stratum (migration flow),
Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Pekerjaan
Occupation Bandar-Bandar
Urban-Urban
Bandar-
Luar bandar
Urban-Rural
Luar bandar-
Bandar
Rural-Urban
Luar bandar-
Luar bandar
Rural-Rural
Jumlah
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pengurus
Managers 6.8 2.7 1.6 2.4
Profesional
Professionals 11.2 8.8 5.5 6.1
Juruteknik dan profesional
bersekutu
Technician and associate
professionals
12.3 9.8 7.3 4.8
Pekerja sokongan perkeranian
Clerical support workers 11.3 6.1 3.1 4.7
Pekerja perkhidmatan dan jualan
Service and sales workers 22.2 18.1 19.5 17.4
Pekerja mahir pertanian,
perhutanan dan perikanan
Skilled agricultural, forestry and
fishery workers
1.6 13.5 0.2 26.9
Pekerja kemahiran dan pekerja
pertukangan yang berkaitan
Craft and related trades workers
11.2 17.1 11.0 10.7
Operator loji dan mesin serta
pemasang
Plant and machine-operators and
assemblers
12.8 10.1 19.7 10.6
Pekerjaan asas
Elementary occupations 10.5 13.8 32.0 16.5
JADUAL TABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 31
Jadual 25:
Table 25: Taburan peratus migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants by industry, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Industri
Industry
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Jumlah
Total 100.0
Pertanian, perhutanan dan perikanan
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 7.2
Perlombongan dan pengkuarian
Mining and quarrying 2.2
Pembuatan
Manufacturing 18.5
Bekalan elektrik, gas, wap dan pendingin udara
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 0.5
Bekalan air; pembentungan, pengurusan sisa dan aktiviti pemulihan
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 0.5
Pembinaan
Construction 11.0
Perkhidmatan
Services
58.8
100.0
Perdagangan borong dan runcit; pembaikan kenderaan bermotor dan motosikal
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 25.2
Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan
Transportation and storage 6.6
Penginapan dan aktiviti perkhidmatan makanan dan minuman
Accommodation and food and beverage service activities 9.9
Maklumat dan komunikasi
Information and communications 4.2
Aktiviti kewangan dan insurans/takaful
Financial and insurance/takaful activities 4.2
Aktiviti hartanah
Real estate activities 0.7
Aktiviti profesional, saintifik dan teknikal
Professional, scientific and technical activities 4.0
Aktiviti pentadbiran dan khidmat sokongan
Administrative and support service activities 7.4
Pentadbiran awam dan pertahanan; aktiviti keselamatan sosial wajib
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 13.6
Pendidikan
Education 12.2
Aktiviti kesihatan kemanusiaan dan kerja sosial
Human health and social work activities 7.9
Kesenian, hiburan dan rekreasi
Arts, entertainment and recreation 1.5
Aktiviti perkhidmatan lain
Other service activities 2.6
Aktiviti isi rumah sebagai majikan
Activities of households as employers 1.2
Aktiviti badan dan pertubuhan luar wilayah
Activities of extraterritorial organisation and bodies 0.1
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TECHNICAL NOTES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 33
OBJEKTIF PENYIASATAN OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY
1. Objektif Penyiasatan Migrasi adalah
untuk memberikan anggaran pergerakan dan
arah aliran penduduk pada peringkat negeri.
Selain itu, penyiasatan ini juga bertujuan
mendapatkan maklumat tentang ciri
sosioekonomi penduduk migran dan bukan
migran seperti umur, jantina, guna tenaga dan
jenis pekerjaan di tempat destinasi serta sebab
penghijrahan penduduk.
1. The main objective of Migration Survey
is to provide estimates of population movements
and flow at state level. In addition, the survey
also aims to obtain information on the socio-
economic characteristics of migrants and non-
migrants such as age, sex, employment and type
of occupation at the place of destination as well
as the reasons for population migration.
KAEDAH PENGUMPULAN METHOD OF COLLECTION
2. Penyiasatan Migrasi merupakan salah
satu modul Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh (PTB)
menggunakan kaedah temu ramah bersemuka
dengan responden. Dalam tempoh penyiasatan,
penemuramah terlatih melawat tempat kediaman
terpilih untuk mengumpulkan maklumat ahli isi
rumah termasuk butiran demografi.
2. Migration Survey is a module of the
Labour Force Survey (LFS), uses the face to
face interview method. During the survey
period, trained interviewers will visit selected
living quarters to collect household members’
information including demographic particulars.
3. Dari segi operasi, soalan Penyiasatan
Migrasi ditanyakan kepada ahli isi rumah yang
berumur 1 tahun dan lebih.
3. In terms of operation, Migration Survey
questions are asked for household members
aged 1 year and over.
4. Semakan kerja luar dibuat bagi
mengesan maklumat yang tertinggal serta
membetulkan sebarang kesalahan semasa
penyiasatan dijalankan.
4. Field operation checks are undertaken
to identify any omissions of information and to
correct any errors occurring at the time of the
survey.
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34 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
PUNGUTAN DATA DATA COLLECTION
5. Soal selidik penyiasatan direka bentuk
bagi mengumpul maklumat tempat tinggal biasa
responden untuk suatu tempoh tertentu bagi
tujuan penentuan taraf migrasi. Responden
ditanya mengenai tempat tinggal biasa mereka
pada dua titik masa (tarikh) tertentu di mana
tempoh di antaranya genap satu tahun.
Pertukaran lokaliti tempat tinggal biasa pada
dua titik masa ini dianggap sebagai migrasi.
Sebarang pergerakan di antara kedua-dua
tempoh rujukan ini tidak diambil kira. Ini bererti
skop data migrasi dalam Penyiasatan Migrasi
adalah terhad kepada “migrasi tempoh tetap”.
5. The survey questionnaire is designed to
collect information on respondents’ usual place
of residence for a certain period of time to
determine migration status. The respondents
will be asked for the usual place of residence at
two specific point of times (dates) which are
exactly one year apart. A change in the locality
of the usual place of residence at these two
points in time constitutes migration. Any
intervening move between these two reference
dates is not taken into consideration. This
means the scope of migration data in Migration
Survey is confined to “fixed-term migration”.
6. Maklumat demografi dan sosioekonomi
ahli akan diambil daripada soal selidik PTB.
6. Details on members’ demographic and
socio-economic characteristics will be extracted
from LFS questionnaire.
TEMPOH RUJUKAN REFERENCE PERIOD
7. Tempoh rujukan penyiasatan adalah
“tempoh rujukan bergerak mengikut bulanan”
iaitu:
7. The reference period of the survey is
“monthly moving reference period” that is:
Bulan penyiasatan
Survey month
Tempoh rujukan
Reference period
Januari
January
1 Januari 2011 hingga 1 Januari 2012
1st January 2011 to 1
st January 2012
Februari
February
1 Februari 2011 hingga 1 Februari 2012
1st February 2011 to 1
st February 2012
Mac
March
1 Mac 2011 hingga 1 Mac 2012
1st March 2011 to 1
st March 2012
April
April
1 April 2011 hingga 1 April 2012
1st April 2011 to 1
st April 2012
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TECHNICAL NOTES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 35
Bulan penyiasatan
Survey month Tempoh rujukan
Reference period
Mei
May
1 Mei 2011 hingga 1 Mei 2012
1st May 2011 to 1
st May 2012
Jun
June
1 Jun 2011 hingga 1 Jun 2012
1st June 2011 to 1
st June 2012
Julai
July
1 Julai 2011 hingga 1 Julai 2012
1st July 2011 to 1
st July 2012
Ogos
August
1 Ogos 2011 hingga 1 Ogos 2012
1st August 2011 to 1
st August 2012
September
September
1 September 2011 hingga 1 September 2012
1st September 2011 to 1
st September 2012
Oktober
October
1 Oktober 2011 hingga 1 Oktober 2012
1st October 2011 to 1
st October 2012
November
November
1 November 2011 hingga 1 November 2012
1st November 2011 to 1
st November 2012
Disember
December
1 Disember 2011 hingga 1 Disember 2012
1st December 2011 to 1
st December 2012
LIPUTAN DAN SKOP COVERAGE AND SCOPE
8. Penyiasatan Migrasi dijalankan serentak
dengan PTB dan meliputi penduduk penyiasatan
yang sama iaitu kawasan bandar dan luar bandar
bagi semua negeri di Malaysia.
8. The Migration Survey which is carried
out simultaneously with the LFS covers the same
survey population that is urban and rural area
for all states in Malaysia.
9. Populasi penyiasatan terdiri daripada
penduduk yang tinggal di tempat kediaman
persendirian di Malaysia dan tidak termasuk
mereka yang tinggal di tempat kediaman
institusi seperti hotel, rumah tumpangan,
asrama, hospital, rumah orang tua, berek tentera
dan penjara.
9. The population covered is drawn from
all those residing in private living quarters in
Malaysia and therefore excludes persons living
in institutions such as hotels, boarding houses,
hostels, hospitals, old folks homes, military
barracks and prisons.
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36 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
10. Bagi tujuan penyiasatan ini, ahli biasa
sesuatu isi rumah mesti memenuhi syarat
berikut:
10. For the purpose of this survey, the usual
households’ members must satisfy the following
conditions:
seorang atau beberapa orang yang
bersaudara dan/atau tidak bersaudara
yang biasanya tinggal bersama dan
membuat peraturan secara individu atau
dalam kumpulan untuk persediaan
makanan atau keperluan lain untuk
hidup;
one or more person(s) who may be
related and/or persons unrelated who
usually live together and make
provision individually or in a group for
the preparation of meal or other
essentials for living;
ahli biasa yang telah atau akan tinggal
di sesuatu tempat kediaman sekurang-
kurangnya bagi tempoh tiga bulan; dan
usual member that has/will live in a
living quarter for a period of at least
three months; and
berumur 1 tahun dan lebih. aged 1 year and over.
RANGKA PENSAMPELAN SAMPLING FRAME
11. Blok Penghitungan (BP) dalam rangka
pensampelan juga dikelaskan mengikut kawasan
bandar dan luar bandar. Kawasan bandar
ditakrifkan mengikut definisi Banci Penduduk
dan Perumahan 2010 iaitu merujuk kepada
kawasan yang diwartakan serta kawasan tepu
bina yang bersempadan dengannya dan
gabungan kedua-dua kawasan mempunyai
penduduk seramai 10,000 atau lebih semasa
Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010. Kawasan
selainnya yang diwartakan dan mempunyai
penduduk kurang daripada 10,000 orang serta
kawasan yang tidak diwartakan dikelaskan
sebagai luar bandar.
12. Kawasan tepu bina ditakrifkan sebagai
kawasan yang terletak bersebelahan kawasan
yang diwartakan dan mempunyai sekurang-
kurangya 60 peratus penduduk (berumur 15
tahun dan lebih) yang terlibat dalam aktiviti
bukan pertanian.
11. The Enumeration Blocks (EB) in the
sampling frame are also classified by urban and
rural areas. Urban areas as used in the 2010
Population and Housing Census were defined as
gazetted areas with their adjoining built-up
areas which had a combined population of
10,000 or more at the time of the 2010
Population and Housing Census. All other
gazetted areas with a population of less than
10,000 persons and non-gazetted areas are
classified as rural.
12. Built-up areas are defined as areas
contiguous to a gazetted area and had at least
60 per cent of their population (aged 15 years
and over) engaged in non-agricultural
activities.
NOTA TEKNIKAL
TECHNICAL NOTES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 37
13. Pengelasan kawasan mengikut strata
adalah seperti berikut:
13. The classification of areas by stratum is
as follows:
Strata Bilangan penduduk
Metropolitan 75,000 dan lebih
Bandar besar 10,000 hingga 74,999
Bandar kecil 1,000 hingga 9,999
Luar bandar Kawasan selebihnya
Stratum Number of population
Metropolitan 75,000 and over
Urban large 10,000 to 74,999
Urban small 1,000 to 9,999
Rural The rest of the areas
14. Bagi tujuan pensampelan, pengelasan
yang luas seperti perkara 13 memadai untuk
semua negeri di Malaysia. Walau
bagaimanapun, bagi Sabah dan Sarawak, oleh
kerana kesukaran untuk masuk ke kawasan
pedalaman, strata luar bandar dibahagikan lebih
lanjut berdasarkan kepada jangka masa yang
diambil untuk sampai ke sesuatu tempat dari
pusat bandar yang terdekat.
14. For sampling purposes, the broad
classification in item 13 is found to be adequate
for all states in Malaysia. However, for Sabah
and Sarawak, due to problems of accessibility,
the rural stratum had to be further sub-stratified
based on the time taken to reach the area from
the nearest urban centre.
15. Bagi tujuan analisis bandar/luar bandar,
strata-strata dicantumkan seperti berikut:
15. For the purpose of urban/rural analysis,
the stratum were collapsed as follows:
REKA BENTUK PENSAMPELAN SAMPLE DESIGN
16. Reka bentuk pensampelan berstrata dua
peringkat telah digunakan iaitu:
16. A stratified two-stage sample design is
adopted that is:
Primary stratum - Consist of the states in
Malaysia.
Secondary
stratum
- Consist up of the
urban and rural
stratum as defined in
item 15 and formed
within the primary
stratum.
Urban = Metropolitan + urban large
Rural = Urban small + rural Bandar = Metropolitan + bandar besar
Luar bandar = Bandar kecil + luar bandar
Strata utama - Terdiri daripada negeri-
negeri di Malaysia.
Strata kedua - Terdiri daripada strata
bandar dan luar bandar
seperti yang ditakrifkan di
perkara 15 dan dibentuk
di dalam strata utama.
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38 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
17. Sampel telah dipilih secara bebas bagi
setiap peringkat pada strata kedua. Unit
pensampelan peringkat pertama ialah BP,
sementara unit peringkat kedua ialah tempat
kediaman (TK) di dalam BP tersebut. TK
terpilih meliputi kesemua isi rumah dan orang
yang tinggal di dalamnya. Di setiap peringkat
pemilihan, unit-unit telah dipilih secara
sistematik dengan kebarangkalian yang sama
dalam strata kedua.
17. Samples are drawn independently
within each level of the secondary stratum. The
first stage units of sample selection are the EBs
while the second stage units are the living
quarters (LQs) within the EBs. All households
and persons within the selected LQs are
canvassed. At every stage of selection the units
are selected systematically with equal
probability within each level of the secondary
stratum.
SAIZ SAMPEL SAMPLE SIZE
18. Saiz sampel bagi Penyiasatan Migrasi
2012 adalah seperti berikut:
18. The sample size of the Migration Survey
2012 is as follows:
Negeri
State Bilangan BP Terpilih
Number of selected EBs Bilangan TK Terpilih
Number of selected LQs
Johor 801 6,158
Kedah 658 5,040
Kelantan 748 5,973
Melaka 665 5,397
Negeri Sembilan 602 4,877
Pahang 745 5,524
Pulau Pinang 567 4,406
Perak 810 6,153
Perlis 449 3,578
Selangor 898 7,072
Terengganu 520 4,245
Sabah 825 6,337
Sarawak 595 4,357
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 370 2,800
W.P. Labuan 114 1,834
W.P. Putrajaya 108 1,712
Malaysia 9,475 75,463
NOTA TEKNIKAL
TECHNICAL NOTES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 39
19. KONSEP DAN DEFINISI 19. CONCEPT AND DEFINITION
Migran - Penduduk yang tempat tinggal
biasanya berbeza pada kedua-dua tarikh
rujukan dan tidak termasuk mereka yang
berhijrah dalam unit lokaliti yang sama.
Migrants - Those whose usual place of
residence at the two reference dates is
different and not include those who move
within the same locality.
Bukan migran - Penduduk yang tempat
tinggal biasanya sama pada kedua-dua tarikh
rujukan, atau mereka yang berhijrah dalam
unit lokaliti yang sama.
Non-migrants - Those whose usual place of
residence at the two reference dates is the
same or those who move within the same
locality.
Migran dalaman - Penduduk yang bertukar
tempat tinggal biasa di beberapa peringkat
geografi di dalam negara. Mereka boleh
dikategorikan sebagai migran antara negeri
jika mereka berpindah dari satu negeri ke
negeri yang lain. Jika pergerakan adalah dalam
negeri yang sama, mereka dikategorikan
sebagai migran dalam negeri.
Internal migrants - Those who have changed
their usual place of residence at various
geographical levels. They may be categorised
as inter-state migrants if they move from one
state to another. If they move within the same
state, they are categorised as intra-state
migrants.
Migran dalaman = Migran antara negeri +
Migran dalam negeri
Internal migrants = Inter-state migrants + Intra-
state migrants
Migran antarabangsa - Penduduk yang
berpindah dari luar negara ke Malaysia.
International migrants - Those who have
moved from other countries to Malaysia.
Migran masuk - Mereka yang berhijrah dari
negeri lain dan tinggal di negeri yang
dinyatakan.
In-migrants - Those who have moved from
another state to stay in the state mentioned.
Migran keluar - Mereka yang berhijrah
keluar dari negeri yang dinyatakan dan tinggal
di negeri lain.
Out-migrants - Those who have moved out of
the state mentioned to stay in another state.
Migrasi kasar - Jumlah migran masuk dan
migran keluar bagi sesebuah negeri. Migrasi
kasar mengukur magnitud penghijrahan masuk
dan keluar bagi sesebuah negeri dan bertujuan
memberi gambaran berkenaan turnover dan
taburan semula penduduk di sesebuah negeri.
Gross migration - The sum of in-migrants and
out-migrants for a specific state. Gross
migration measures the magnitude of in and
out movements which reflects the population
turnover and redistribution in the state.
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40 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
100 t group age in females of number Total
t group age in males of number Total ratio Sex
Migrasi bersih - Perbezaan di antara bilangan
migran masuk dan migran keluar. Jika
bilangan migran masuk melebihi migran
keluar, hasilnya ialah migran masuk bersih.
Kes sebaliknya pula dikenali sebagai migran
keluar bersih.
Net migration - The balance between the
number of in-migrants and out-migrants. If the
number of in-migrants is more than the out-
migrants, then the result is net in-migrants.
For the opposite case, it results in net out-
migrants.
Kadar migrasi masuk - Kadar migrasi masuk
adalah bilangan migran yang memasuki
sesebuah negeri bagi setiap 1,000 penduduk
negeri destinasi dalam tahun semasa.
In-migration rate - The number of migrants
arriving at the destination state for every
1,000 persons at the destination in a current
year.
Kadar migrasi keluar - Kadar migrasi keluar
adalah bilangan migran yang keluar dari
sesebuah negeri bagi setiap 1,000 penduduk
negeri asal dalam tahun semasa.
Out-migration rate - The number of migrants
departing from the state of origin for every
1,000 persons at the origin in a current year.
Kadar migrasi kasar - Kadar migrasi kasar
adalah bilangan migrasi kasar sesebuah negeri
bagi setiap 1,000 penduduk pada tahun
semasa.
Gross migration rate - The number of gross
migration at the state of destination for every
1,000 persons in a current year.
Kadar migrasi bersih - Kadar migrasi bersih
adalah penambahan atau pengurangan bersih
bagi setiap 1,000 penduduk pada tahun
semasa.
Net migration rate - The net increase or
decrease per 1,000 persons in a current year.
Nisbah jantina Sex ratio
Merujuk kepada bilangan lelaki bagi setiap
100 perempuan
Refers to the number of males for every 100
females
NOTA TEKNIKAL
TECHNICAL NOTES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 41
Nisbah keberkesanan migrasi - Indeks yang
menilai keberkesanan migrasi dalam mengagih
semula taburan penduduk.
Migration effectiveness ratio - An index that
assesses the effectiveness of migration in
redistributing the population.
Tempat asal/destinasi - Tempat asal/destinasi
ialah lokaliti tempat tinggal biasa pada dua
tarikh rujukan iaitu tempoh 12 bulan seperti
yang telah ditetapkan dalam tempoh
penyiasatan. Dalam hubungan ini suatu lokaliti
merujuk kepada sebuah bandar dalam strata
bandar atau sebuah kampung/penempatan
dalam strata luar bandar.
Place of origin/destination - Place of
origin/destination identifies the locality of the
usual place of residence at the two specified
reference dates which are 12 months apart as
fixed by survey periods. In this context, a
locality refers to a town in the urban stratum
or a village/settlement in the rural stratum.
Strata asal/destinasi - Strata asal/destinasi
adalah stratifikasi bandar dan luar bandar bagi
tempat asal dan destinasi, dan ia bersamaan
dengan pembahagian penduduk seperti yang
dinyatakan dalam perkara 13 dan 15.
Stratum of origin/destination - Stratum of
origin/destination is the urban and rural
stratification of the place of origin and
destination, and is the same as the population
cut off mentioned in items 13 and 15.
Kumpulan etnik dikategorikan dikalangan
warganegara Malaysia setelah mengasingkan
bukan warganegara Malaysia. Pengelasan
tersebut adalah seperti berikut:
The ethnic group is categorised within
Malaysia citizens after separating those who are
non citizens. The classification is as follows:
Warganegara Malaysia
Bumiputera
Melayu
Bumiputera lain
Cina
India
Lain-lain
Bukan warganegara Malaysia
Malaysian citizens
Bumiputera
Malay
Other Bumiputera
Chinese
Indians
Others
Non-Malaysian citizens
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42 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Pencapaian pendidikan merujuk kepada
peringkat tertinggi seseorang itu telah
menamatkan atau sedang mengikuti
persekolahan di insitusi pendidikan awam atau
swasta yang menyediakan pendidikan rasmi. Ia
dikategorikan seperti berikut:
Educational attainment refers to the highest
level in which a person has completed schooling
or is currently attending, in a public or private
educational institution that provides formal
education. It is categorised as follows:
Tiada pendidikan rasmi: Mereka yang
tidak pernah menghadiri mana insitusi
pendidikan yang memberikan secara rasmi.
Rendah: Mereka yang telah mencapai
pendidikan tertinggi di peringkat Darjah 1
hingga 6 atau yang setaraf dengannya.
Menengah: Mereka yang telah mencapai
pendidikan di peringkat Tingkatan 1
(termasuk kelas peralihan) hingga
Tingkatan 5, GCE ‘O’ Level atau yang
setaraf dengannya. Turut termasuk dalam
kategori ini ialah program kemahiran asas
di insitusi latihan kemahiran khusus dan
teknikal yang mana tempoh pengajian
adalah sekurang-kurangnya enam bulan
seperti GIATMARA.
Tertiari: Mereka yang telah mencapai
peringkat tertinggi selepas Tingkatan 5
No formal education: Those who never
attended school in any of the educational
institutions that provides formal education.
Primary: Those whose highest level of
education attainment are from Standard 1
until 6 or its equivalent.
Secondary: Those whose highest level of
education attainment are from Form 1
(including remove class) to Form 5, GCE
‘O’ Level or its equivalent. Also included
in this category are basic skill programmes
in specific trades and technical skills
institutions whereby the training period is
at least six months i.e. GIATMARA.
Tertiary: Those whose highest level of
education attainment is above Form 5.
Taraf perkahwinan dikelaskan seperti berikut: Marital status is defined by the following
classifications:
Tidak pernah berkahwin: Mereka yang
melaporkan sebagai belum berkahwin.
Never married: Persons who report
themselves as never married.
Berkahwin: Mereka yang masih
berkahwin pada masa temu ramah. Istilah
‘perkahwinan’ adalah termasuk
perkahwinan mengikut undang-undang,
secara adat atau peraturan keagamaan.
Married: Persons who were still married
at the time of interview. The term
‘married’, includes those married by law
or by religious rites.
Balu/duda: Mereka yang belum
berkahwin semula selepas kematian
isteri/suami pada masa temu ramah.
Widowed: Persons who have not
remarried after death of their spouses at
the time of interview.
NOTA TEKNIKAL
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 43
Bercerai/berpisah tetap: Mereka yang
perkahwinannya telah dimansuhkan
melalui perceraian mengikut undang-
undang atau peraturan keagamaan atau
tidak lagi tinggal bersama bagi satu
jangka masa yang lama dan tiada
kemungkinan untuk bersatu semula.
Divorced/permanently separated: Persons
whose marriages were annulled through
divorced by law or religious arrangement
or separated for a long duration without
any possibility of reconciliation.
Taraf pekerjaan merujuk kepada kedudukan
atau taraf seseorang yang bekerja di dalam
pertubuhan atau organisasi di mana beliau
bekerja. Penduduk yang bekerja dikelaskan
mengikut taraf guna tenaga berikut:
Status in employment refers to the position or
status of an employed person within the
establishment or organisation for which he/she
worked. Employed persons are classified
according to the following employment status:
Majikan: Seorang yang menjalankan
sesuatu perniagaan, perusahaan ladang atau
perniagaan lain dan menggaji seorang
pekerja atau lebih untuk menolongnya.
Employer: A person who operates a
business, a plantation or other trade and
employs one or more workers to help him.
Pekerja: Seorang yang bekerja untuk
majikan awam, majikan bukan kerajaan
atau persendirian dan menerima ganjaran
tetap seperti upah, gaji, komisen, tips atau
upahan yang berbentuk mata benda.
Employee: A person who works for a
public or private employer and receives
regular remuneration in wages, salary,
commission, tips or payment in kind.
Bekerja sendiri: Seorang yang
mengerjakan ladang, perniagaan atau
perusahaan sendiri tanpa menggaji pekerja
di ladang, perniagaan atau perusahaannya.
Own account worker: A person who
operates his own farm, business or trade
without employing any paid workers in the
conduct of his farm, trade or business.
Pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji: Seorang
yang bekerja tanpa menerima sebarang
bayaran atau upah di ladang, perniagaan
atau perusahaan yang dijalankan oleh ahli
keluarganya yang lain.
Unpaid family worker: A person who
works without pay or wages on a farm,
business or trade operated by another
member of the family.
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44 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Pekerjaan dikelaskan mengikut klasifikasi
“Piawaian Pengelasan Pekerjaan, Malaysia
(MASCO) 2008” berasaskan kepada
“International Standard Classification of
Occupation (ISCO)”. Bagi seseorang yang
mempunyai lebih daripada satu pekerjaan,
hanya pekerjaan yang mengambil masa
terbanyak semasa tempoh rujukan PTB
dianggap sebagai pekerjaan utamanya. Jika
masa bekerja bagi tiap-tiap pekerjaan itu sama,
maka pekerjaan yang menghasilkan pendapatan
yang tertinggi adalah pekerjaan utamanya.
Dalam kes di mana bilangan jam bekerja dan
pendapatannya adalah sama bagi setiap
pekerjaan, pekerjaan di mana dia telah bekerja
paling lama dianggap sebagai pekerjaan
utamanya.
Occupation is classified according to the
“Malaysia Standard Classification of
Occupations (MASCO) 2008” based on the
“International Standard Classification of
Occupation (ISCO)”. For a person having more
than one job, only the job at which he worked
for the longest number of hours during the LFS
reference week is treated as his principal
occupation. Should the number of hours worked
for each job is the same, then the job with the
highest income is the principal occupation. In
case where the number of hours worked and the
income earned from each job are the same, the
job at which he was working for the longest
period of time is considered as the principal
occupation.
Industri dikelaskan mengikut “Piawaian
Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2008”
yang diterbitkan oleh Jabatan Perangkaan
Malaysia, berasaskan kepada “International
Standard Industrial Classification of All
Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4”.
Pengelasan industri seseorang merujuk kepada
aktiviti yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan utama.
Industry is classified according to the
“Malaysia Standard Industrial Classifications
(MSIC) 2008” published by the Department of
Statistics, Malaysia based on the “International
Standard Industrial Classification of All
Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4”.
Classification of industry refers to the activity of
the principal occupation.
Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh tidak
mengelaskan aktiviti pengeluaran
barangan dan perkhidmatan sara hidup
untuk kegunaan isi rumah sendiri
sebagai penduduk yang aktif dalam
ekonomi. Oleh itu, klasifikasi MSIC
2008 bagi industri Aktiviti isi rumah
sebagai majikan; aktiviti
mengeluarkan barangan dan
perkhidmatan yang tidak dapat
dibezakan oleh isi rumah untuk
kegunaan sendiri hanya mengambil
kira Aktiviti isi rumah sebagai
majikan.
Labour Force survey does not classify
the subsistence goods and services
producing activities of households as
person who are economically activities
of households as person who are
economically actve. Therefore, the
classification of industry by MSIC 2008
for Activities of household as
employers; undifferentiated goods and
services producing activities of
household for own use only accounted
for Activities of householdas
employers.
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 45
PROSEDUR PENGANGGARAN ESTIMATION PROCEDURE
20. Prosedur penganggaran yang digunakan
adalah pada dua peringkat. Peringkat pertama
ialah untuk mendapatkan anggaran migrasi
berpemberat daripada sampel. BP terpilih dalam
sampel ditentukan secara sistematik iaitu
dibahagikan kepada dua belas tempoh rujukan
penyiasatan bagi 2012 mengikut tempoh rujukan
yang berlainan yang disenaraikan di perkara 7.
20. Estimation procedures were applied in
two stages. The first stage was to obtain the
weighted estimates of migration from the
sample, with selected EBs in the sample
systematically allocated to twelve reference
periods in 2012 for the survey, with different
reference dates as listed in item 7.
21. Kaedah penganggaran yang digunakan
mengandaikan bahawa aliran migrasi adalah
seragam bagi tempoh satu tahun dan
memberikan purata anggaran migrasi dari
1 Julai 2011 hingga 30 Jun 2012 untuk tahun
penyiasatan 2012. Perlu diambil perhatian
bahawa jangka masa rujukan berbeza mengikut
tempoh penyiasatan.
21. The estimation method used assumes
that the migration flow is uniformly distributed
throughout one year period and thus provides
the average migration estimates from 1st July
2011 to 30th June 2012 for the survey year 2012.
It is also to be noted that the reference periods
differ according to the survey dates.
22. Katakan Yt ialah anggaran jumlah
migrasi untuk setiap bulan bagi tahun
penyiasatan 2012. t=1, 2, …, 12, seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam rajah berikut:
22. Let Yt represent the estimates of total
migration for each round of the survey year
2012. t=1, 2,…, 12, as illustrated in the
following diagram.
Rajah 1: Anggaran jumlah migran
Diagram 1: Estimates of total migration
Y12
Y11
Y10
Y9
Y8
Y7
Y6
Y5
Y4
Y3
Y2
Y1
2011 2012
Bulan dan tahun
Month and year
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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46 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Migrasi purata bagi 1 Julai 2011 hingga 30 Jun 2012
Average migration for 1st July 2011 to 30
th June 2012
Persamaan 1
Equation 1
NOTA TEKNIKAL
TECHNICAL NOTES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 47
……… (1)
23. Ini bermakna migrasi purata 1 Julai
2011 hingga 30 Jun 2012 merujuk kepada
migrasi yang berlaku dalam tempoh (bulan)
penyiasatan seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh
kawasan yang berlorek dalam Rajah 1.
23. This means that the average migration
for 1st July 2011 to 30
th June 2012 refers to
migrations that occurred in the reference period
(months) as denoted by the shaded areas of
Diagram 1.
24. Nilai-nilai yang diperoleh dalam
Persamaan 1 adalah pemberat yang sesuai untuk
digunakan ke atas data sampel setiap pusingan
penyiasatan dan seterusnya dicampurkan untuk
mendapatkan purata anggaran migrasi bagi
jangka masa tertentu.
24. The values derived from Equation 1 are
the appropriate weights applied to the sample
data for each survey period, which was then
combined to obtain the average migration
estimates for a specific period.
Pemberat bulanan, Monthly weight,
P1: 0.0544 x 12 = 0.6532
P2: 0.0620 x 12 = 0.7441
P3: 0.0703 x 12 = 0.8441
P4: 0.0796 x 12 = 0.9552
P5: 0.0900 x 12 = 1.0802
P6: 0.1019 x 12 = 1.2230
P7: 0.1158 x 12 = 1.3897
P8: 0.1039 x 12 = 1.2469
P9: 0.0935 x 12 = 1.1219
P10: 0.0842 x 12 = 1.0108
P11: 0.0759 x 12 = 0.9108
P12: 0.0683 x 12 = 0.8198
12.000
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48 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
25. Peringkat kedua menggunakan teknik
anggaran nisbah bergabung (adjusted weight
dan faktor penduduk) untuk mendapatkan
sesuatu ciri tertentu populasi penyiasatan.
Faktor penduduk menggunakan anggaran
penduduk pertengahan tahun 2012 mengikut
kumpulan umur, jantina, etnik dan negeri
sebagai penanda aras. Oleh itu, anggaran
sesuatu ciri dikira dengan menggunakan formula
seperti berikut:
25. The second stage used the combined
ratio estimates (adjusted weight and population
factor) to obtain population estimates of a
specific characteristic in the survey population.
Population factor used mid-year population of
2012 by age group, sex, ethnic and state as a
benchmark. Therefore, the estimate of a
characteristics was obtained by using the
following formula:
di mana
where
ialah anggaran berwajaran daripada kiraan sampel bilangan orang bagi sesuatu ciri (contoh:
taraf migran) dalam sesuatu kumpulan umur-jantina-etnik-negeri (contoh: lelaki Melayu
dalam kumpulan umur 15–19 tahun di Johor).
is the weighted estimate from the sample count of persons for a characteristic (e.g. migration
status) in a particular age-sex-ethnic-state (e.g. Malay males in the 15–19 years age group in
Johor).
ialah anggaran penduduk pertengahan tahun yang dianggar secara bebas bagi bilangan
orang dalam sesuatu kumpulan umur-jantina-etnik-negeri.
is the independent mid-year population projection of the number of persons in a particular
age-sex-ethnic-state.
ialah anggaran berwajaran daripada kiraan sampel bilangan orang dalam sesuatu kumpulan
umur-jantina-etnik-negeri.
is the weighted estimate from the sample count of the number of persons in a particular age-
sex-ethnic-state.
ialah pemalar (constant) yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan anggaran nisbah sesuatu ciri
dalam kumpulan umur-jantina-etnik-negeri. Tiap-tiap pemalar yang merupakan nisbah
anggaran penduduk bebas kepada angka-angka kiraan sampel dalam sesuatu kumpulan umur-
jantina-etnik-negeri digunakan untuk membesarkan angka bagi sebarang ciri yang
dikehendaki dalam sesuatu kumpulan umur-jantina-etnik-negeri.
is a constant used in deriving the ratio-estimate of any characteristic in a particular age-sex-
ethnic-state. Each constant which is the ratio of the independent population estimate to the
sample count figures in a particular age-sex-ethnic group was then used to inflate any
required characteristic within the particular age-sex-ethnic-state.
ialah anggaran yang disesuaikan bagi sesuatu ciri di dalam kumpulan umur-jantina-etnik-
negeri yang diperoleh menerusi pengubahsuaian kumpulan umur-jantina-etnik-negeri.
is the adjusted estimate of a characteristic in a particular age-sex-ethnic-state obtained by the
age-sex-ethnic-state adjustment.
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 49
diperoleh dengan mencampurkan anggaran yang diubahsuai
bagi kesemua kumpulan umur-jantina-etnik-negeri. Dengan itu
ialah penganggar nisbah bilangan orang bagi semua kumpulan umur, jantina dan kumpulan
etnik mengikut negeri.
is obtained by adding the adjusted estimate
for all age-sex-ethnic-state. Thus, is
also known as the ratio estimator of the characteristic.
KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN DATA RELIABILITY OF DATA
26. Anggaran penyiasatan adalah
berdasarkan kepada penyiasatan sampel yang
tertakluk kepada ralat pensampelan dan ralat
bukan pensampelan.
26. The survey estimates are based on a
sample survey that is subjected to sampling and
non-sampling errors.
27. Ralat pensampelan berpunca daripada
anggaran data yang dibuat berasaskan sampel
berkebarangkalian, bukan berdasarkan banci.
Dalam statistik, ralat ini dikenali sebagai ralat
piawai relatif dan kerap ditandakan sebagai RSE
dan diberikan dalam peratusan. Ralat ini
digunakan sebagai penunjuk kepada kepersisan
anggaran parameter yang dikaji. Dengan erti
kata lain, ia boleh memberi gambaran tentang
tahap variasi anggaran penyiasatan berbanding
dengan lain-lain anggaran yang berdasarkan
pemilihan sampel.
27. Sampling error is a result of estimating
data based on a probability sampling, not on
census. Such error in statistics is termed as
relative standard error and often denoted as
RSE and is given in percentage. This error is an
indication to the precision of the parameter
under study. In other words, it reflects the extent
of variation with other sample-based estimates.
28. Anggaran ralat pensampelan telah dikira
secara berasingan untuk beberapa
pembolehubah penting bagi peringkat nasional
dan negeri seperti di Lampiran 1 dan 2. Bagi
Penyiasatan Migrasi 2012, kadar migrasi
dalaman peringkat Malaysia ialah 2.36 peratus,
dengan RSE 3.41 peratus dan ralat piawai (SE)
ialah kira-kira 0.08 peratus. Pada selang
keyakinan = 0.05, kadar migrasi dalaman
boleh berada antara 2.20–2.52 peratus.
28. Sampling errors of estimates on a few
important variables at national and state levels
are calculated separately as shown in Appendix
1 and 2. For Migration Survey 2012, the
internal migration rate for Malaysia was 2.36
per cent with RSE of 3.41 per cent and standard
error (SE) of 0.08 per cent. At confidence
interval = 0.05, the internal migration rate
was in the range of 2.20–2.52 per cent.
NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL NOTES
50 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
29. Bagi memastikan kualiti data berada
pada tahap terbaik, beberapa langkah telah
diambil untuk meminimumkan ralat bukan
pensampelan. Berbeza dengan ralat
pensampelan, ralat ini tidak boleh diukur dan
hanya boleh diatasi melalui beberapa langkah
pentadbiran. Ralat ini boleh berpunca daripada
liputan penyiasatan yang tidak lengkap,
kelemahan rangka, ralat maklum balas, ralat
tiada sambutan serta kesilapan semasa prosesan
seperti di peringkat penyuntingan, pengekodan
dan tangkapan data.
29. To ensure that the quality of data is at
its best, several steps were taken to minimise
non-sampling error. Unlike sampling error, this
error cannot be measured and can only be
overcome through several administrative
procedures. This error can arise as a result of
incomplete survey coverage, weakness of frame,
poor feedback, non-response as well as
processing errors such as editing, coding and
data capture.
30. Ralat maklum balas boleh berlaku
disebabkan kesukaran dan perbezaan dalam
tafsiran soalan, sama ada daripada penemu
ramah ataupun responden. Bagi meminimumkan
ralat ini, latihan intensif kepada penyelia dan
penemu ramah telah dijalankan. Di samping itu,
semakan rawak juga dijalankan ke atas isi
rumah yang telah diliputi oleh penemu ramah
untuk memastikan kesahihan maklum balas
yang dicatatkan. Untuk memastikan liputan
menyeluruh, rangka sampel kerap dikemas kini
dan tempat kediaman telah dipilih selepas
penyenaraian BP dijalankan.
30. Response error can occur due to
difficulty and differences in interpreting
questions, either on the part of the enumerator
or respondent. To minimise this error, intensive
training was conducted for the enumerators as
well as supervisors. In addition, random checks
were carried out on households that were
already canvassed by the enumerators to ensure
the validity of the information recorded. To
guarantee the completeness of the survey
coverage, the sampling frame is frequently
updated and the living quarters are selected
after the EB listing exercise.
31. Penghasilan data yang bermutu dan
boleh diterima pakai dipastikan dengan
mengawal ralat penyuntingan dan prosesan
melalui pelaksanaan beberapa peringkat
semakan konsistensi sama ada secara manual
atau berkomputer.
31. The generation of quality and reliable
data is ascertained by controlling editing and
processing errors via implementation of
several consistency checks either manually or
by computer.
PERSEMBAHAN DATA PRESENTATION OF DATA
32. Data peringkat negeri yang disusun
dalam laporan ini terdiri daripada tiga belas
negeri dan tiga Wilayah Persekutuan. Walau
bagaimanapun, bilangan migran dalaman bagi
W.P. Labuan tidak ditunjukkan kerana nilainya
terlalu kecil untuk dibuat anggaran.
32. The state level data compiled in this
report consists of thirteen states and three
federal territories. However, the number of
internal migrants for W.P. Labuan is not shown
because the value is too small to estimate.
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 51
33. Kekangan utama data penyiasatan ini
adalah penetapan migrasi pada tempoh rujukan
yang singkat iaitu selama satu tahun mungkin
tidak menghasilkan jumlah migran yang cukup
dalam penyiasatan sampel yang menggunakan
corak pensampelan PTB.
33. The main limitation of the survey is that
the selective nature of migration in a short
reference period of one year may not yield
enough migrants in a sample survey which uses
the sample design of the LFS.
34. Anggaran jumlah penduduk yang
ditunjukkan pada jadual merujuk kepada mereka
yang berumur 1 tahun dan lebih. Ciri-ciri utama
bagi penduduk migran ditunjukkan dalam
bentuk taburan nisbah atau peratus dan di mana
berkenaan, ianya dibandingkan dengan
penduduk bukan migran di negeri tempat temu
ramah. Oleh itu, prosedur pemiawaian umur
(Lampiran 4 dan 6) akan digunakan jika
difikirkan perbezaan taburan umur penduduk
migran dan bukan migran akan mempengaruhi
perbandingan di antara sesuatu ciri seperti
pencapaian pendidikan dan taraf perkahwinan
(Lampiran 3 dan 5).
34. The estimates on total population shown
in the tabulations refer only to those aged 1 year
and over. The main characteristics of the
migrant population are shown in the form of
rates or percentage distributions, and where
pertinent, they are compared with the non-
migrant population at state of destination. As
such, age standardisation procedures (Appendix
4 and 6) will be applied when it is considered
that the different age distributions of the
migrant and non-migrant population may affect
a comparison of the other characteristics, such
as educational attainment and marital status
(Appendix 3 and 5).
PEMBUNDARAN ANGGARAN ROUNDING OF ESTIMATES
35. Hasil tambah bagi sesuatu kategori
mungkin tidak sentiasa sama dengan jumlah
yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual dan carta yang
berkenaan kerana prosedur wajaran tersendiri
dan setiap komponen digenapkan secara bebas.
Walau bagaimanapun, perbezaan adalah kecil
dan tidak ketara.
35. The sum of individual figures in the
tabulations and charts may not always equal to
the totals shown in the same or other tables due
to the ‘self-weighting’ procedure and
independent rounding of each component.
However, the differences are insignificant.
NOTA DAN SIMBOL NOTES AND SYMBOLS
– Kosong/tiada kes – Nil/no cases
0.0 Kurang daripada setengah unit terkecil
yang ditunjukkan. Contohnya kurang
daripada 0.05 peratus
0.0 Less than half the smallest unit shown.
For example, less than 0.05 per cent
n.a Tidak berkenaan n.a Not applicable
W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan
LAMPIRAN APPENDIX
LAMPIRAN APPENDIX
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 53
Lampiran 1:
Appendix 1:
Ralat piawai relatif bagi anggaran kadar migrasi dalaman penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan
lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Relative standard error of estimation for internal migration rate of population aged 1 year and over
by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
Kadar
migrasi
dalaman
Internal
migration
rate
Ralat piawai relatif bagi
anggaran
Relative standard error of
estimation
Kadar migrasi dalaman pada
selang keyakinan 95%
Internal migration rate at 95%
confidence interval Nilai relatif
Relative
value
Ralat piawai
Standard error
Malaysia 2.36 3.41 0.08 2.20–2.52
Johor 1.21 13.65 0.16 0.88–1.53
Kedah 2.91 8.76 0.26 2.41–3.41
Kelantan 2.85 8.89 0.25 2.36–3.35
Melaka 2.06 12.58 0.26 1.55–2.57
Negeri Sembilan 1.43 14.31 0.21 1.03–1.84
Pahang 1.51 12.17 0.18 1.15–1.88
Pulau Pinang 3.30 8.81 0.29 2.73–3.86
Perak 1.58 10.64 0.17 1.25–1.91
Perlis 0.91 18.12 0.17 0.59–1.24
Selangor 3.32 8.81 0.29 2.75–3.90
Terengganu 1.97 11.44 0.23 1.53–2.42
Sabah 2.71 9.92 0.27 2.19–3.24
Sarawak 3.18 8.88 0.28 2.62–3.73
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 0.73 22.58 0.17 0.41–1.06
W.P. Labuan * * * *
W.P. Putrajaya 2.28 15.12 0.34 1.60–2.95
Nota: * Bilangan migran dalaman terlalu kecil untuk dibuat anggaran
Notes: * The number of internal migrants is too small to estimate
LAMPIRAN APPENDIX
54 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Lampiran 2:
Appendix 2:
Ralat piawai relatif bagi anggaran kadar migrasi dalaman penduduk berumur 15–64 tahun
mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Relative standard error of estimation for internal migration rate of population aged 15–64 years
by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012
(%)
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
Kadar
migrasi
dalaman
Internal
migration
rate
Ralat piawai relatif bagi
anggaran
Relative standard error of
estimation
Kadar migrasi dalaman pada
selang keyakinan 95%
Internal migration rate at 95%
confidence interval Nilai relatif
Relative
value
Ralat piawai
Standard error
Malaysia 2.61 3.52 0.09 2.43–2.79
Johor 1.24 12.74 0.16 0.93–1.55
Kedah 3.10 8.71 0.27 2.57–3.63
Kelantan 3.09 8.65 0.27 2.57–3.61
Melaka 2.23 12.66 0.28 1.68–2.79
Negeri Sembilan 1.70 14.43 0.24 1.22–2.17
Pahang 1.61 11.47 0.18 1.25–1.97
Pulau Pinang 3.68 8.86 0.33 3.04–4.32
Perak 1.80 10.77 0.19 1.42–2.19
Perlis 1.15 17.89 0.21 0.74–1.55
Selangor 3.74 9.00 0.34 3.08–4.40
Terengganu 2.02 12.04 0.24 1.55–2.50
Sabah 2.98 9.91 0.30 2.40–3.56
Sarawak 3.52 8.65 0.30 2.93–4.12
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 0.93 23.22 0.22 0.51–1.36
W.P. Labuan * * * *
W.P. Putrajaya 2.65 14.28 0.38 1.91–3.39
Nota: * Bilangan migran dalaman terlalu kecil untuk dibuat anggaran
Notes: * The number of internal migrants is too small to estimate
LAMPIRAN APPENDIX
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012 55
Lampiran 3:
Appendix 3:
Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun
mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by
educational attainment, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Perkara
Item
Jumlah
Total Tiada
pendidikan
rasmi
No formal
education
Rendah
Primary Menengah
Secondary Tertiari
Tertiary
Bilangan migran dalaman mengikut
kumpulan umur (‘000)
Number of internal migrants by age group
Jumlah/Total 523.3 13.1 64.3 246.4 199.4
15–24 181.8 2.7 11.2 84.0 84.0
25–34 227.6 4.3 30.7 102.1 90.5
35–44 70.4 3.1 10.8 39.8 16.7
45–64 43.5 3.0 11.7 20.6 8.2
Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan
bukan migran (%)
Percentage distribution of internal
migrants and non-migrants
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants 100.0 2.5 12.3 47.1 38.1
Migran dalaman (dipiawaikan a)
Internal migrants (standardised) 100.0 3.6 15.3 48.2 33.0
Bukan migran
Non-migrants 100.0 3.6 16.1 56.1 24.2
a Dipiawaikan mengikut taburan umur bagi jumlah penduduk bukan migran
Standardised according to age distribution of non-migrants population
Lampiran 4:
Appendix 4:
Piawaian taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut pencapaian pendidikan yang berasaskan
taburan peratus bukan migran, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Standardisation of percentage distribution of internal migrants by educational attainment based on
the percentage distribution of non-migrants, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Perkara
Item
Taburan peratus
bukan migran
mengikut kumpulan
umur (Pa)
Percentage distribution
of non-migrants by age
group (Pa)
Taburan migran dalaman mengikut pencapaian pendidikan (ra)
Distribution of internal migrants by educational attainment (ra)
Jumlah
Total Tiada
pendidikan
rasmi
No formal
education
Rendah
Primary Menengah
Secondary Tertiari
Tertiary
Kumpulan umur
Age group
15–24 28.3 1.000 0.015 0.061 0.462 0.462
25–34 25.9 1.000 0.019 0.135 0.448 0.398
35–44 19.4 1.000 0.044 0.153 0.565 0.237
45–64 26.5 1.000 0.068 0.269 0.473 0.189
LAMPIRAN APPENDIX
56 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2012
Lampiran 5:
Appendix 5:
Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun
mengikut taraf perkahwinan, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by
marital status, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Perkara
Item
Jumlah
Total Tidak pernah
berkahwin
Never married
Berkahwin
Married Balu/duda/bercerai/
berpisah tetap
Widowed/divorced/
permanently
separated
Bilangan migran dalaman mengikut
kumpulan umur (‘000)
Number of internal migrants by age
group
Jumlah/Total 523.3 208.5 298.2 16.7
15–24 181.8 141.0 40.0 0.8
25–34 227.6 58.1 166.1 3.4
35–44 70.4 6.7 58.0 5.7
45–64 43.5 2.6 34.1 6.8
Taburan peratus migran dalaman
dan bukan migran (%)
Percentage distribution of internal
migrants and non-migrants
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants 100.0 39.8 57.0 3.2
Migran dalaman (dipiawaikan a)
Internal migrants (standardised) 100.0 32.0 61.9 6.2
Bukan migran
Non-migrants 100.0 39.9 55.9 4.2
a Dipiawaikan mengikut taburan umur bagi jumlah penduduk bukan migran
Standardised according to age distribution of non-migrants population
Lampiran 6:
Appendix 6:
Piawaian taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut taraf perkahwinan yang berasaskan
taburan peratus bukan migran, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Standardisation of percentage distribution of internal migrants by marital status based on the
percentage distribution of non-migrants, Malaysia, 2011–2012
Perkara
Item
Taburan peratus bukan
migran mengikut
kumpulan umur (Pa)
Percentage distribution of
non-migrants by age
group (Pa)
Taburan migran dalaman mengikut taraf perkahwinan (ra)
Distribution of internal migrants by marital status (ra)
Jumlah
Total Tidak
pernah
berkahwin
Never
married
Berkahwin
Married Balu/duda/bercerai/
berpisah tetap
Widowed/divorced/
permanently
separated
Kumpulan umur
Age group
15–24 28.3 1.000 0.776 0.220 0.004
25–34 25.9 1.000 0.255 0.730 0.015
35–44 19.4 1.000 0.095 0.824 0.081
45–64 26.5 1.000 0.060 0.784 0.156
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