Post on 18-Jun-2015
TAHUN 4, TAHUN 5, TAHUN 6
SAINS
PETA MINDA
MENYIASATMENYIASATALAM ALAM
KEHIDUPANKEHIDUPAN
MENYIASATMENYIASATBUMI DAN BUMI DAN
ALAM ALAM SEMESTASEMESTA
MENYIASATMENYIASATDUNIA DUNIA
TEKNOLOGITEKNOLOGI
MENYIASATMENYIASATALAM ALAM
BAHANBAHANMENYIASATMENYIASAT
ALAM ALAM FIZIKALFIZIKAL
MENYIASAT BENDA HIDUP
1. Benda Hidup Mempunyai Keperluan Asas2. Benda Hidup Menjalani Proses Hidup3. Haiwan Dan Tumbuhan Melindungi Diri
Keperluan Asas Manusia
MakananMakanan
Tempat perlindungan
Tempat perlindungan
UdaraUdara
AirAir
Bernafas
Melindungi dari• bahaya• sinaran matahari• hujan
Membekal tenagaTumbesaran
Kekal sihat
Minum
Tumbesaran
Kekal sihat
1.1 Memahami manusia mempunyai keperluan asas
Keperluan Asas Haiwan
MakananMakanan
HabitatHabitat
UdaraUdara
AirAir
Bernafas
Melindungi diri• bahaya• sinaran matahari• hujan
Membekal tenagaTumbesaran
Kekal sihat
Minum
Tumbesaran
Kekal sihat
1.2 Memahami haiwan memerlukan keperluan asas
jenis :• lubang• gua• sarang
Keperluan Asas Tumbuhan Keperluan Asas Tumbuhan
UdaraUdara Cahaya matahariCahaya matahariAirAir
Ada Keperluan Asas :• Tumbesaran sihat• Tumbesaran baik• Tidak layu
Tiada Keperluan Asas• Layu• Kekuningan• Mati
1.3 Memahami tumbuhan memerlukan keperluan asas
2.1 Menganalisa proses-proses hidup manusia
Menganalisa Proses-Proses Hidup ManusiaGerakbalasGerakbalas
PernafasanPernafasan
PembiakanPembiakan
Organ
Tarik nafas – udara disedut
Hembus nafas – udara dihembus
Hidung/Mulut Saluran udara Paru-paru
Proses melahirkan anak
Kadar pernafasan
Jumlah pergerakan dada pada sesuatu masa
Organ
Mata - lihat
Hidung - hidu
Lidah - rasa
Telinga - dengar
Kulit - sentuh
PerkumuhanPerkumuhan NyahtinjaNyahtinja
Paru-paru( Karbon Dioksidsa+ Wap Air)
Buah Pinggang( air kencing + garam mineral )
Skin ( peluh + garam mineral)
Najis
Tujuan :• elak bahaya• elak kecederaan• elak kemalangan• untuk hidup
2.2 Menyedari tentang sesetengah perlakuan boleh mengganggu proses hidup
Tabiat yang mendatangkan bahaya terhadap proses hidup
Merokok Mengambil DadahMinum
minuman keras
Akibatnya• kanser paru-paru• batuk
Akibatnya• gerak balas yang lambat terhadap stimuli• terhoyong-hayang• boleh menyebabkan kemalangan
How to avoidHow to avoid
Menyertai kempen
Tidak menggalakkan tabiat dalam kalangan Rakan sebaya
2.3 Menganalisis proses hidup haiwan
Proses hidup haiwan
BernafasBernafasBerkumuhBerkumuh MembiakMembiak
BertelurBertelur BeranakBeranakOrgan
Paru-paru• kera• burung• ikan paus
Insang• ikan• udang
“book lung”• ketam
Kulit lembap• katak• cacing tanah
Struktur trakea• belalang
NyahtinjaNyahtinja
Mengeluarkan bahan buangan dari badan
kucingharimaukelawarIkan paus
ular
burung
Proses-proses
hidup tumbuhan
Tumbuhan bergerakbalasterhadap rangsangan
air, cahaya matahari, sentuhan,
Graviti.
Kenapa tumbuhan membiak?
Untuk memastikan kemandirian spesies
Pelbagai cara tumbuhan membiakMelalui biji , spora,, sulur, keratan batang, daunBatang bawah tanah
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku
kalau tumbuhan tidak membiak
Tiada bekalan makanan Pembiakan tumbuhan
biji– balsam, jagung, durianspora– paku-pakis, cendawansulur – pisang, nanasKeratan batang – ubi kayu, bunga rayadaun– begonia, setawarBatang bawah tanah – halia,, keledek
Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas
terhadap cahaya mataharii
pucuk
Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas
terhadap graviti
akar
Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap air
akar
2.4 Memahami proses-proses hidup tumbuhan
Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalasterhadap sentuhan
Ciri-ciri khas haiwan melindungi dirinya daripada bahaya/musuh
Tabiat haiwan melindungi dirinya daripada bahaya /musuh
Kulit yang keras dan tebalMelindungi dirinya daripada tercedera
Badak dan gajah
Kulit yang keras dan tebalMelindungi dirinya daripada tercedera
Badak dan gajah
Cengkerang kerasSiput dan kura-kura memasukkan dirinya Kedalam cengkerang apabila ada bahaya
Cengkerang kerasSiput dan kura-kura memasukkan dirinya Kedalam cengkerang apabila ada bahaya
Sisik kerasTenggiling dan buaya mempunyai sisik
Keras untuk melindunginya daripada bahaya
Sisik kerasTenggiling dan buaya mempunyai sisik
Keras untuk melindunginya daripada bahaya
Bulu deduriMengembangkan bulu dedurinya apabila
diserang musuhlandak
Bulu deduriMengembangkan bulu dedurinya apabila
diserang musuhlandak
TandukMenggunakan tanduk untuk menyerang musuh
Kambing dan rusa
TandukMenggunakan tanduk untuk menyerang musuh
Kambing dan rusa
Kuku yang tajamMelindungi dirinya daripada musuh
bears, eagle, cat, singa
Kuku yang tajamMelindungi dirinya daripada musuh
bears, eagle, cat, singa
MenggulungTenggiling menggulung dirinya apabila ada
bahaya/musuh cth: tenggiling, ulat gonggok
MenggulungTenggiling menggulung dirinya apabila ada
bahaya/musuh cth: tenggiling, ulat gonggok
Semburan cecair hitamMenghadkan penglihatan musuh
Cth: sotong
Semburan cecair hitamMenghadkan penglihatan musuh
Cth: sotong
CamouflageBertukar warna kulit mengikut persekitaran
Sesumpah dan kuda belang
CamouflageBertukar warna kulit mengikut persekitaran
Sesumpah dan kuda belang
Tabiat pura-pura matiUntuk menipu musuh Cth: kumbang tanduk
Tabiat pura-pura matiUntuk menipu musuh Cth: kumbang tanduk
3.1 memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat bagi melindungi diri daripada bahaya/musuh.
Haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan
tabiat melindungi dirinya daripada
cuaca melampau dan membenarkan
mereka bermandiri
Cuaca panas Cuaca panas
Cuaca sejuk Cuaca sejuk
Kulit Berkedutgajah, badak dan kerbau
Kehilangan haba melalui kulit berkedut
Kulit Berkedutgajah, badak dan kerbau
Kehilangan haba melalui kulit berkedut
Berkubanggajah, badak dan kerbau
menyejukkan badan dengan berkubangdalam lumpur
Berkubanggajah, badak dan kerbau
menyejukkan badan dengan berkubangdalam lumpur
BonggolUnta menyimpan makanan dan air dalam
bentuk lemak di dalam bonggolnya
BonggolUnta menyimpan makanan dan air dalam
bentuk lemak di dalam bonggolnya
Bulu tebalBeruang kutub mempunyai bulu tebal untuk
mengelakkan kehilangan haba kepada persekitaran sejuk
Bulu tebalBeruang kutub mempunyai bulu tebal untuk
mengelakkan kehilangan haba kepada persekitaran sejuk
Lapisan lemakPenguin, anjing laut dan ikan paus mempunyai
lapisan lemak di bawah kulit untuk mengekal haba badan
Lapisan lemakPenguin, anjing laut dan ikan paus mempunyai
lapisan lemak di bawah kulit untuk mengekal haba badan
Telinga kecilAnjing laut dan singa laut mempunyai telinga kecil
untuk menhalang kehilangan haba badan
Telinga kecilAnjing laut dan singa laut mempunyai telinga kecil
untuk menhalang kehilangan haba badan
HibernateBeruang kutub tidur semusim bagi mengekang
hilangnya haba badan musim sejuk
HibernateBeruang kutub tidur semusim bagi mengekang
hilangnya haba badan musim sejuk
3.2. Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat melindungi dirinya daripada cuaca yang melampau
3.3. Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat yang membenarkan mereka bermandiri
Ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungidiri daripada musuh
Ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungidiri daripada musuh
Ciri-ciri yang
melindungi
tumbuhan
Ciri-ciri yang
melindungi
tumbuhan Duri
Beracun
Bulu halus
Menghasilkan getah
Menutup anak daun bila disentuh
3.4. Memahami tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri daripada musuh
Kawasan berangin kuat
Kawasan berangin kuat
Kawasan keringKawasan kering
cth : kaktus
a. Akar tunjang untuk menyerap airb. Batang sukulen yang boleh
menyimpan airc. Duri mengurangkan kehilangan
air pada tumbuhan
a. Akar tunjang untuk menyerap airb. Batang sukulen yang boleh
menyimpan airc. Duri mengurangkan kehilangan
air pada tumbuhan
cth: pokok kelapa, buluh, pokok bakau
a. Batang yang mudah melentur b. Mempunyai akar baniirc. Dedaun tirus/berpisahd. Dedaun jarum
a. Batang yang mudah melentur b. Mempunyai akar baniirc. Dedaun tirus/berpisahd. Dedaun jarum
3.5. Memahami tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri daripada kawasan kering dan angin kuat
Ciri-ciri khas
MENYIASATDAYA DAN TENAGA
1. Ukuran
1.3 Isipadu pepejal 1.3 Isipadu pepejal
1.1 Panjang1.1 Panjang
1.2 Luas1.2 Luas
1.5 Jisim1.5 Jisim
1.6 Masa1.6 Masa
1.7 Unit Piawai1.7 Unit Piawai
1. Ukuran
1.4 Isipadu cecair
1.4 Isipadu cecair
UKURAN
Panjang
Terminologi
Jarak di antara dua titik/ tempat/ kedudukan Pelbagai cara
ukuran
Pita ukur
jengkal
depa tali
pembaris
Alat piawai
Pita ukur pembaris
Unit
mm cm m km
Teknik yang betul
Fokus penglihatan hendaklah selari dengan hujung objek
1.1. Memahami ukuran panjang
Luas
Luas adalah jumlah ruang yang diliputi oleh sesuatu objek
Terminologi
Menggunakan kad segiempat sama 1 centimetre
Unit Piawai
- Millimetre persegi (mm2)- Centimetre persegi (cm2)- Metre persegi (m2)- Kilometre persegi (km2)
- Menggunakan formula
Luas =panjang X lebar1cm
1cm
Pelbagai cara mengukur luas
2cm
4cm
= 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2
3cm
3cm
Meletakkan objekseragam seperti jubin, buku dan setemdi ataspermukaan sesuatuobjek
1.2. Memahami cara mengukur luas
Isipadu
Terminologi
Jumlah ruang yang dipenuhi/diliputi oleh pepejal/cecair.
1.3 Pepejal
1.4 CecairFormula
panjang x lebar x tinggi
Unit Piawai
mm3 , cm3, m3
Alat
Unit Piawai
Silinder penyukat
ml, lTeknik yang betul
a) Ambil bacaan ukuran pada aras bawah meniskusb) Aras mata hendaklah pada aras bawah meniskus.
1.3. Memahami cara menyukat isipadu pepejal
1.4. Memahami cara menyukat isipadu cecair
Jisim
Terminologi
Amaun jirim terkandung dalam sesuatu objek
AlatNeraca Elektronik
Neraca Spring
Neraca Palang Dacing
Neraca mikro
Neraca Tuas
Unit Piawai
mg g kg
Teknik mengukur
1.5. Memahami cara mengukur jisim
MasaTerminologi
Julat waktu di antara dua peristiwa
Cara mengukur
sundial , sand clock , candle clock
Proses ulangan seragam sesuatu peristiwa boleh mengukur masa
-Ayunan bandul
-Kadar nadi
- lilin yang menyala
-Titisan air
-Pertukaran siang dan malam
-Ayunan bandul
-Kadar nadi
- lilin yang menyala
-Titisan air
-Pertukaran siang dan malam
Alat
Unit Piawai
saat , minit , jam
Jam Dinding , Jam Tangan
Jam Randik, Jam digital
Old clock
Pelbagai cara yang boleh mengukur masa
1.6. Memahami cara mengukur masa
Memudahkan komunikasi dan
pemahaman
Memudahkan komunikasi dan
pemahaman
untuk ketepatan dan ketekalan
untuk ketepatan dan ketekalan
Kepentingan Unit Piawai Kepentingan Unit Piawai
1.7. Kesedaran kepentingan menggunakan unit piawai
MENYIASAT BAHAN
1. Memahami sifat bahan
Sifat BahanSifat Bahan
Penebat
Terapung di atas air
Pengalir elektrik
logam
Mengalir habaTenggelam di dalam air
Membenarkan cahaya melaluinya
Boleh diregang
kayu
batu Gelang getah
kaca karbon plastik
logamkayu
1.1. Memahami sifat bahan
CARA-CARA MENYIMPAN OBJEK
PANASPANAS
Dilitupi dengan bahan penebateg. sabut, habuk kayu, polistirena
SEJUKSEJUK
objek panas objek sejuk
Menghalang pembebasan haba
Menghalang penyerapan haba
1.2. Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan tentang sifat bahan dalam kehidupan seharian.
BahanBahan
Senarai objek dan bahan berdasarkan bahan apa
Ia diperbuat.
Senarai objek dan bahan berdasarkan bahan apa
Ia diperbuat.
objek bahan sifat
pisau logam keras
Kertas tisu
kayu lembut
Cermin kereta
kaca Lut sinar
Kenapa bahan tertentu digunakan untuk membuat sesuatu objek
Kenapa bahan tertentu digunakan untuk membuat sesuatu objek
Murah
Mudah diperolehi
Kuat/kukuh
Berkualiti tinggi
1.3. Mensintesis pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan bahan berdasarkan sifat bahan
Bahan semulajadiBahan semulajadi Bahan buatan manusia
Bahan buatan manusia
kayukayu logamlogam getahgetahkapaskapas plastikplastik kain tiruankain tiruannilonnilon
Mengurangkanpenggunaan
Menggunasemula
Mengitar semula
kertas beg plastik botol plastik kaca
Jenis BahanJenis Bahan
Mengguna semula, Mengurangkan penggunaan dan Mengitar semula bahan
1.4. Mengetahui kepentingan mengguna semula bahan, mengurangkan penggunaan bahan dan mengitar semula bahan
BAHAN
Objek berkarat Objek berkarat Objek tidak berkarat
Objek diperbuat daripada logam dan keluli
Objek diperbuat daripadakayu, kapas, getah, kulit
kaca dan sutera
*paku*sudu*pisau*jarum kapak
*gelas*botol*cawan*pensil pembaris
1.5. Memahami bahawa sesetengah bahan boleh berkarat
Pengaratan
Pelbagai cara mencegah pengaratan
Pelbagai cara mencegah pengaratan
* Menyalut dengan bahan tidak berkarat* cat* minyak* gris
Pentingnya mencegah pengaratan
Pentingnya mencegah pengaratan
*jangka hayat yang panjang*memulihara bahan semulajadi*menjimatkan kos*cantik dipandang/ menawan
*Kesimpulan; Pengaratan dapat dicegah dengan mengelakkan logam terdedah kepada air dan udara
1.6. Memahami bahawa pengaratan boleh dicegah.
MENYIASAT BUMI DAN ALAM SEMESTA
1. SISTEM SURIA
Sistem SuriaSistem Suria
Senarai ahliSenarai urutan
planetSenarai urutan
planet
Planet bergerak mengelilingi Matahari
-8 planet-Satelit semulajadi-Meteor-Komet-Asteroid
akronim:Utarid …ustazahZuhrah …zuraidahBumi … bungkusMarikh …makananMusytari …masaZuhal …zuhurUranus …untukNeptun …nenek
1.1. Memahami Sistem Suria
Saiz dan Jarak relatif
Saiz dan Jarak relatif
Saiz relatif Matahari dengan saiz Bumi Saiz relatif Bumi
dengan saiz Bulan
Jarak relatif Bumi ke Matahari berbanding jarak relatif dari Bumi
ke Bulan
Matahari
1
Bumi
100Bumi
1
Bulan
4
Matahari
Bumi Bulan
150 000 000 km 382 500 km
1 : 400
1.2. Memahami saiz dan jarak relatif antara Bumi, Bulan dan Matahari
Bumi dalam
Sistem Suria
Bumi dalam
Sistem Suria
Menyatakan sebab sesetengah planet tidak
kondusif untuk benda hidup
Menyatakan sebab sesetengah planet tidak
kondusif untuk benda hidup
KESANBumi adalah satu-satunya planet dalam Sistem Suria
yang boleh menampunghidupan
Bumi adalah satu-satunya planet dalam Sistem Suria
yang boleh menampunghidupan
•Lebih dekat jarak planet daripada Matahari semakin panas permukaannya .
.Lebih jauh jarak planet daripada Matahari semakin sejuk permukaannya
•Ketiadaan air dan udara.
•Bumi adalah planet berkedudukan ke-3 dari Matahari•Menerima cahaya dan haba yang cukup dari Matahari•Bumi mempunyai keupayaan menampung kehidupan•Atmosfera Bumi mengandungi udara•Terdapat air di Bumi
Lebih dekat : •Suhu di atas muka Bumi semakin tinggi.•Berlaku sejatan air di permukaan Bumi•Ketiadaan air menyebabkan suhu tinggiLebih jauh :•Suhu di atas muka Bumi semakin rendah.•Air membeku membentuk ais•Payah menampung kehidupan
1.3. Menghargai kesempurnaan kedudukan planet Bumi dalam Sistem Suria
MENYIASAT TEKNOLOGI
1. TEKNOLOGI
1.1.Memahami kepentingan teknologi dalam kehidupan harian.1.1.Memahami kepentingan teknologi dalam kehidupan harian.
Had keupayaan manusia dalam membuat sesuatuHad keupayaan manusia dalam membuat sesuatu
Contoh had keupayaan• tidak berupaya melihat objek seni• tidak berupaya bercakap kuat• tidak berupaya berjalan jauh• tidak berupaya melihat objek jarak jauh
Contoh had keupayaan• tidak berupaya melihat objek seni• tidak berupaya bercakap kuat• tidak berupaya berjalan jauh• tidak berupaya melihat objek jarak jauh
Alat untuk mengatasi had keupayaan manusia
Alat untuk mengatasi had keupayaan manusia
Mikroskop- Penggunaan kanta unutk melihat objek seni dan mikrobMikrofon- Meningkatkan kelangsingan suaraTelefon- Untuk berkomunikasi jarak jauhKenderaan- Memudahkan perjalanan jarak jauh dalam masa singkatTeleskop, Binokular- Untuk melihat objek jauh
Mikroskop- Penggunaan kanta unutk melihat objek seni dan mikrobMikrofon- Meningkatkan kelangsingan suaraTelefon- Untuk berkomunikasi jarak jauhKenderaan- Memudahkan perjalanan jarak jauh dalam masa singkatTeleskop, Binokular- Untuk melihat objek jauh
Pengangkutan
Darat: haiwan basikal kereta keretapi
Udara : belon udara panas kapal udara peluncur
kapal terbang roket
Air : kanu rakit sampan feri kapal
Komunikasi
asap burung merpati telegraf telefon
Pembinaan
gua pondok rumah kayu apartmen
Perkembanganteknologi
(contoh)
Perkembanganteknologi
(contoh)
1.2. Memahami perkembangan teknologi1.2. Memahami perkembangan teknologi
Pertanian
tajak bajak jentera jentuai
Senarai cabaran yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan
harian
Senarai cabaran yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan
harian
Idea untuk mengatasi cabaran yang telah dikenal pasti
Alatan untuk mengatasi cabaran
Tunjuk cara alatan yang telah dicipta untuk mengatasi cabaran
Teknologi digunakan untuk
mengatasi cabaran
Tidak mampu mengangkat dan menggerak beban yang berat
Tidak mampu bergerak jauh
Lakaran model
sumbangsaran
. takal .kereta sorong
Takal –mengangkat beban dari aras rendah ke aras tinggi dengan senang
Kereta sorong – memindah beban dengan mudah
1.3 . Mensintesis cara teknologi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah1.3 . Mensintesis cara teknologi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah
1.4. Menganalisa teknologi memberi manfaat kepada manusia sejagat jika digunakan secara bijaksana.1.4. Menganalisa teknologi memberi manfaat kepada manusia sejagat jika digunakan secara bijaksana.
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
•KOMUNIKASIMembolehkan manusia
mempelajari dan mengetahui banyak perkara dalam dunia
•PENGANGKUTANMembolehkan manusia bergerak
jauh dalam masa yang singkat•PERTANIAN
Mesin membantu dan memudahkan menanam dan menuai tanaman
•PEMBINAANMemudah dan mempercepatkan
pembinaan jalan, jambatan dan bangunan
•KOMUNIKASIMembolehkan manusia
mempelajari dan mengetahui banyak perkara dalam dunia
•PENGANGKUTANMembolehkan manusia bergerak
jauh dalam masa yang singkat•PERTANIAN
Mesin membantu dan memudahkan menanam dan menuai tanaman
•PEMBINAANMemudah dan mempercepatkan
pembinaan jalan, jambatan dan bangunan
Bahan buangan yang bertambah mengakibatkan pencemaran alam sekitar
Penggunaan bahan sumber semulajadiyang berleluasa menyebabkan
kemusnahan alam sekitar
Penggunaan alatan berteknologi yang kurang bijaksana dan tidak terkawal
menimbulkan Masalah Sosial
Pencemaran alam sekitar dan penggunaan bahan kimia yang keterlaluan
mengakibatkan kesan buruk terhadap kesihatan
Bahan buangan yang bertambah mengakibatkan pencemaran alam sekitar
Penggunaan bahan sumber semulajadiyang berleluasa menyebabkan
kemusnahan alam sekitar
Penggunaan alatan berteknologi yang kurang bijaksana dan tidak terkawal
menimbulkan Masalah Sosial
Pencemaran alam sekitar dan penggunaan bahan kimia yang keterlaluan
mengakibatkan kesan buruk terhadap kesihatan
TEKNOLOGIAdvantagesAdvantages
MENYIASATMENYIASAT
ALAMALAMKEHIDUPAKEHIDUPA
NN
MENYIASATMENYIASAT
BUMI DAN BUMI DAN ALAM ALAM
SEMESTASEMESTA
MENYIASATMENYIASAT
TEKNOLOTEKNOLOGIGI
MENYIASATMENYIASAT
ALAM ALAM BAHANBAHAN
MENYIASATMENYIASAT
DAYA DAYA DAN DAN
TENAGATENAGA
7
MENYIASATALAM KEHIDUPAN
1. MIKROORGANISMA2. KEMANDIRIAN SPESIES
1.1 Memahami bahawa mikroorganisma adalah benda hidup1.1 Memahami bahawa mikroorganisma adalah benda hidup
MikroorganismaMikroorganisma
BakteriaBakteria KulatKulat ProtozoaProtozoa VirusVirus
Tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata
kasar
BertumbuhBergerakBernafas
Ciri-ciri
1.2. Memahami tentang mikroorganisma yang berguna dan berbahaya1.2. Memahami tentang mikroorganisma yang berguna dan berbahaya
Mikroorganisma berguna dan berbahaya
Mikroorganisma berguna dan berbahaya
BergunaBerguna BerbahayaBerbahaya
Boleh menyebabkan
Demam Keracunanmakanan
Makananbasi
Pereputangigi
Membuat roti/Tapai tempe/baja
PencegahanPencegahan
PenyakitPenyakit
sakit perut
bisul
pereputan gigi
beguk
Membasuhtangan
Meminum air yangdimasak
Menutup mulut dan hidung apabila batuk atau bersin
Kemandirian spesies haiwan
Kemandirian spesies haiwan
Haiwan melindungi telur atau anak daripada dimakan oleh pemangsa
Bagaimana haiwan menjamin kemandirian spesiesnyaBagaimana haiwan menjamin kemandirian spesiesnya
Sesetengah haiwan melindungitelurnya atau menjaga anaknya; ada juga haiwan yang tidak berbuat demikian
Burung – bersarang di tempat yang tinggiKatak – telur banyak dan dilitupi lapisan lendirLelabah – menyimpan anak dalam kerandut di bawah badannyaIkan – menyimpan anak di dalam mulutnyaHarimau - menyerang pemangsa untuk melindungi anaknya Penyu – bertelur banyak dan menimbus telurnya dalam pasirKangaru – membawa anaknya dalam kantung badannya Gajah - sentiasa berada dalam kawanan
2.1. Memahami haiwan berlainan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies2.1. Memahami haiwan berlainan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies
Kemandirian spesies
tumbuhan
Air
Mekanisme
letupan
Angin
Haiwan
• ringan
• lompang udara dalam
buah
• kalis air
• ringan
• bersaiz kecil
• bersayap
• kering bila masak
• meletup bila matang
• berwarna cerah
• boleh dimakan
• berbau
• mempunyai onak
• kelapa
• teratai
• engkabang
• Angsana
• Lalang
• buah getah
• buah balsam
• Chestnut
• Rambutan
• Mangga
• Love grass
• Mimosa
Agen pencaranAgen pencaran Ciri-ciri istimewaCiri-ciri istimewa Contoh
2.2. Memahami pelbagai tumbuhan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies2.2. Memahami pelbagai tumbuhan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies
Consequencesof
animals and plants
become extinct
Consequencesof
animals and plants
become extinct
Importance
shortage of food resource
animals and plants species may face extinction
2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species
Food ChainFood Chain
Animals and the food they eat
Animals and the food they eat
Classify animals into herbivore, carnivore
and omnivore
Classify animals into herbivore, carnivore
and omnivoreProducer Producer Consumer Consumer Construct food chainConstruct food chain
Green plant obtain energy from
the sun to make food.
GreenPlant as a producer
Herbivore :Animals that eat plants only.
e.g.: cow, goat, deer
Carnivore:Animals that eat other animals.
e.g.: tiger, lion
Omnivore:Animals that eat plants and
other animals
Animals that eat plantor other animals
are called consumers.
The food relationshipamong living things
can be shown bya food chain.
To construct food chain It must start
with plant as a producer.
In a food chainthe arrow
means ‘eaten by’
All living things need food to survive.
Green plant can make theirown food.
However animals cannot make their own food
3.1. Understanding food chain 3.1. Understanding food chain
Synthesizing food chain to construct food web
Food webFood web What will happen
If there is a change in population of a certainspecies in a food web ?
What will happen
If there is a change in population of a certainspecies in a food web ?
Food web of different habitatsFood web of different habitats
What will happento a certain species
of animals if they
eat only one typeof food ?
What will happento a certain species
of animals if they
eat only one typeof food ?
Paddy field
garden
A change in the populationof a certain species
will effect the population of other species
They will face difficultyto survive – if the
source of food runs out
3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web
7INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
The Uses of Energy
Why energy is needed?
- for living things to carry out life processes. Eg.: moving, breathing, growing
- for living things to carry out life processes. Eg.: moving, breathing, growing
The Sources of Energy
Sun
- main source of energy- produces light and heat- main source of energy- produces light and heat
Food
- food contains stored energy- food contains stored energy
Wind
-Moving air-Used to pump water, drive small sawmills
-Moving air-Used to pump water, drive small sawmills
- to move, boil, melt, or bounce non-living things
FuelBatteries
- wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas
- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energy
- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energy
Water
- moving or falling water produce energy
- moving or falling water produce energy
1.1. Understanding the uses of energy1.1. Understanding the uses of energy
Energy can be transformed from one form to another
Form of energySound energy
Heat energy
Light energy Electrical energy Kinetic energy
Chemical energy
Potential energy
Energy can betransformed
a) lighting a candle Chemical energy → heat energy + light energy
b) Kicking a ball Chemical energy → kinetic energy
Example of appliance that make use of energy transform
a) Electric iron Electrical energy → heat energy
b) Radio Electrical energy → sound energy
c) Television Electrical energy → sound energy + light energy
1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another
Renewable and non-renewable
energy
Renewable energy
Energy that cannot be replenished
Resources –solar, wind,biomass fuel,water
Non-renewable energy
Energy that can be replenished when it is used up
Resources –natural gas,petroleum,coal
Why use energy wiselyHow to use energy wisely
Some energyresources cannotbe replenishedwhen used up
To savecost
Avoid wastage
Reducepollution
Turn off thetelevision whenno one iswatching it
Switch off thelights beforeleavingthe room
1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy
Electricity SourcesDry cellDry cell
AccumulatorAccumulator
DynamoDynamo
Solar cellSolar cell
Types of circuitsTypes of circuits
Name Symbol
Dry cell
Connecting wire
Switch
Bulb
Symbols and componentsParallel circuit Series circuit
Differences
The bulb in the parallel circuit is brighter than the bulb in the series circuit
2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity
2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit
PRECAUTIONSPRECAUTIONS
Danger of mishandling electrical appliances
Fire Burn Electric shock Electrocution
Safety precautions to be taken when using appliances
Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hand
Do not repair electrical appliances on your own
2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances
Light
Can be reflected
Reflection of light
Side mirror of a car
Periscope Kaleidoscope
Travels in a straight lineTravels in a straight line
How shadow is formed
How shadow is formed
When light is completely or
partially blocked by an opaque object
When light is completely or
partially blocked by an opaque object
The light that falls on objects ‘bounces off’ the objects and comes to your eyes
mirror
3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line
3.2. Understanding that light can be reflected3.2. Understanding that light can be reflected
Uses of reflection
How ?
Heat
Gain heat Loss heatLoss heat
CoolerCoolerWarmer
Measure temperature using the correct technique
Measure temperature using the correct technique
The effects of heat on matterThe effects of heat on matter
Matter expands when heated
Matter contracts when cooled
4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness
4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter
7INVESTIGATING MATERIALS
1.1. Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas
has mass
SOLID LIQUID GAS
fixed volume
fixed shape
has mass
no permanent shape
fixed volume
no fixed shape
has mass
no fixed volume
can be compressed
1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas
solidsolid liquid gas
watermilk
airsteam
woodstone
Changing states
of water
Changing states
of water
gas - liquidgas - liquid
liquid - solidliquid - solid
liquid - gasliquid - gas
solid - liquidsolid - liquid melting
Affected by windy and hot weather
evaporation
condensation
Freezing
1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another
WATER CYCLEWATER CYCLEWATER CYCLEWATER CYCLE
Circulation of water in Circulation of water in the environmentthe environment
Circulation of water in Circulation of water in the environmentthe environment
Formation of clouds Formation of clouds and rainand rainFormation of clouds Formation of clouds and rainand rainImportance of waterImportance of waterImportance of waterImportance of water
Changes in the states of Changes in the states of matter in the water cyclematter in the water cycle
Liquid to gas (Liquid to gas (evaporationevaporation))Droplets of water will Droplets of water will become bigger andbecome bigger and heavier →heavier → rain
evaporation
condensation
sea
Gas → liquid Gas → liquid (Condensation) (Condensation)
1.3 . Understanding the water cycle1.3 . Understanding the water cycle
Appreciating the importance Appreciating the importance
of water resourcesof water resources
Appreciating the importance Appreciating the importance
of water resourcesof water resources
To prevent living aquatic from being To prevent living aquatic from being destroyed and undergoing extinctiondestroyed and undergoing extinction
Reasons to keep our Reasons to keep our water resources clean. water resources clean. Reasons to keep our Reasons to keep our water resources clean. water resources clean.
To ensure the cleanliness To ensure the cleanliness of water supplyof water supply
To regulate To regulate the formation of the formation of clouds and rainclouds and rain
To avoid infected To avoid infected diseasesdiseases
Ways to keep our water Ways to keep our water resources clean resources clean
Keep the rivers cleanKeep the rivers clean Cleanliness campaignCleanliness campaign
1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources
PROPERTIESPROPERTIES
tastetasteusing using litmus paper litmus paper to identifyto identify
Properties of acidic, alkaline Properties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substancesand neutral substancesChanges in colour Changes in colour
of litmus papersof litmus papers
blue to redblue to red red to bluered to blue
no changeno change
bitterbittersoursour
ALKALIALKALIACIDACID
NEUTRALNEUTRALSUBSTANCESSUBSTANCES
•Taste bitter Taste bitter •Change red litmus Change red litmus paper bluepaper blue
•Taste sour Taste sour •change blue litmus change blue litmus paper redpaper red
Other tastes – salty / sweetOther tastes – salty / sweetno changes in litmus paperno changes in litmus paper
acidacid alkalinealkaline
neutralneutral
2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances
acidacidalkalinealkaline
7
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
Show directions
Indicates Seasons
A group of stars that form a
certain pattern in the sky
A group of stars that form a
certain pattern in the sky
Importance of constellation
Importance of constellation
Identify constellation
What constellation
Is ?
1.1. Understanding the constellation1.1. Understanding the constellation
Big Dipper
ScorpionOrion
Southern Cross
North
North
South Kite or Cross Scorpion
Hunter
Laddle
south
planting harvestingdesert sea
Earth rotates on it axis
Earth rotates and at the same time
moves around the Sun
Moon rotates on it axis
Moon rotates and at the same time moves around the Earth
The Moon and the Earth move
round the Sun at the same time
The earth rotates on its axis from west to east
The changes in length and position
of the shadow throughout the day
2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun
The occurrence of
day and night
The occurrence of
day and night
It is day time for the part of the Earth facing the Sun
It is night time for the part of the Earth facing
away from the Sun
Day and night occurdue to the rotation of the Earth
on its axis
the Sun the Earth
night-timenight-time
daytimedaytime
axisaxis
westwest easteast
2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night
Phases of the Moon
1-New moon, 3- New half moon, 5- Full moon
7- Old half moon
2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon
7
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
The shapes of objects in a structure
The shape of objectsThe shape of objects Identify shapes in a structureIdentify shapes in a structure
CuboidCube Cylinder
Sphere ConePyramid
Sphere
Cylinder
1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure
Shapes of objects that are stable
The factors that affect stability of objects
How base area affects stability
How height affects stabilityHow height affects stability
The strength
and stability
of a structure
The factors that affect the strength of a structure
Design a model thatis strong and stable
Cube, cone, cylinder
Height , base area
Bigger base area more stableSmaller base area less stable
Lower object more stableHigher object less stable
Types of materials usedSteel ,Iron, Wood
Suggested design for:
Bridge – one with manila card and one with wood
1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
LIVING LIVING THINGSTHINGS
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
EARTHEARTHANDAND
UNIVERSUNIVERSEE
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGTECHNOLOGYY
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
MATERIALSMATERIALS
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
FORCEFORCEANDAND
ENERGYENERGY
7
INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS
AnimalsAnimalsAnimalsAnimals
Some live in solitary
(Animals that live by themselves)
SomeSomelive in groupslive in groups
(Animals that live together)(Animals that live together)
zebra giraffesgiraffesbees ants tigerlizardcatsnake
For safetyFor Food
To avoid competition for food To avoid competition for space
Cooperation is a form of interaction
1.1. Understanding that some animals live in groups and others live in solitary
Competition is a form of Competition is a form of Interaction among living thingsInteraction among living things
Competition is a form of Competition is a form of Interaction among living thingsInteraction among living things
Animals
Plants
Factors for competition
Food
Water
Mate
Shelter
Space
Limited food resources
Limited water resources
Trying to get mate to breed
Defending or looking for shelter
Defending or looking for space
Factors for competition
Nutrient
Sunlight
Water
Space
Limited sunlight can reach them
Limited water resources
Limited space
Limited nutrient
Reason
Reason
endangered species
Extinct animal
Endangered animal Endangered plant
•Dodo bird•Dinosaur•Auk bird•Desert rat kangaroo•Mammoth•Quagga•Tasmanian wolf
•Tiger•Turtle•Orang Utan•Panda•Rhinoceros•Hornbill•Blue Whale
•Raflessia•Pitcher plant•Venus fly trap•Wild orchid
1.3. Understanding the responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species
Responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species
Factors of Extinction
ways to prevent extinction
Illegal HuntingElephant – TuskTiger – Skin & BoneBlue Whale – FatGiant Panda – FurRhinoceros - Horn
Illegal LoggingCutting of treesForest clearingThe destruction of habitat
Excessive developmentWater & air PollutionMany habitats have beendestroyed
Extreme WeatherLong dry seasonFlood Forest fire
Campaign against excessive loggingEducate the public about the importance of protecting & conserving animals & plantAvoid consuming or buying products made from endangered speciesEnforcing the lawReplantingSelective loggingSetting up forest reservedSetting rehabilitation centreEncourage recycle , reuse & reduce Campaign
Impact of human
activities on environment
Environmental destruction caused by human activities
Uncontrolled human activities to the Earth
Environmental Destruction
Environmental Destruction
ErosionLandslideFlash-FloodsWater & Air pollution
Illegal & Excessive LoggingClearing ForestImproper management of development
•Erosion•Landslides•Flash-Floods•Loss of habitats
Illegal & Excessive hunting
Improper management of waste from factory
Improper management of waste from household
Extinction of endangered
species
Air & water pollution
Water pollution & flash flood
Excessive use of fertilisers, pesticides
& herbicides
Heavy usage of motor vehicles
The Lost of habitatThe lose of raw material &food suppliesClimate changesThe rise in temperature on earthExtinction of endangered speciesThe balance in nature is disturbedThe loss of the Earth’s natural water basin
Air & water Pollution
Air pollution
1.4. Knowing the impact of human activities on environment
7
INVESTIGATING FORCE
AND ENERGY
1.1. Understanding that push and pull are forces
FORCE
Pull – an action of bringing an object towards us
Push – an action of moving an object away
DEFINITION
EffectsMove a stationary object
Stop a moving object
Change direction of moving object
Make object move faster or slower
Change the motion of an object
Change the shape of an object
Friction
Definition
-Force that apposes the movement of an object.
-Two surfaces in contact
Effects
-Surfaces warm.
-Difficult to move
-Wear and tear.
-Slow down and stop
Reduce
-Lubricant :oil, wax, grease or water
-Air cushion
-Talcum powder
-Roller marbles
-Ball bearing
Advantages1. Hold thing2. Walk without slipping3. Sharpen a knife4. Slow down moving
Disadvantages1. Wear and tear2. Produce heat
Advantages/Disadvantages
1.2. Understanding the effects of a force
1.3. Analysing friction
Speed
A measurement on how fast an object moves
an object which moves faster travels a
longer distance in a given time
Definition
an object which move faster takes a shorter
time travel a given distance
Conclusion
Calculation
FormulaSpeed = distance / time
Unit• km/h,• m/s ,• cm/s
2.1. Understanding speed
INVESTIGATING MATERIALS
•Unpleasent smell eg. Fish with bad smell•Unpleasent taste eg. milk turns sour•Changed colour eg.vegetables, rice•Changed texture eg. Yogurt turns curd•Mouldy eg. Yogurt have many black spots
Characteristics of Spoilt Food
Characteristics of Spoilt Food
Food that has turned bad and is not suitable to be eaten
Food that has turned bad and is not suitable to be eaten
Bacteria Fungus
•Air•Water•Nutrient•Suitable Temperature( 5°C - 65° C ) •Suitable acidity
Food spoilage
1.1. Understanding food spoilage
Condition for microbes to grow
Condition for microbes to grow
What is spoilt food
What is spoilt food
Microbes that spoilt food
Microbes that spoilt food
Food preservation(Process whereby food turning
bad is slowed down)
Food preservation(Process whereby food turning
bad is slowed down)
Drying Boiling CoolingVacuum packing
Pickling
Freezing
Example :fish, prawn, fruits
Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot
grow without water
Example :Eggs, water
Reason :Boiled will killed bacteria
and fungi
Example :eggs, vegetables, fruits
Reason :Cold temperature slow
down the growth ofbacteria and fungi
Example :Biscuits, crackers,
Reason :Bacteria and fungi
cannot grow without water
Reason :Prevents the growth
of bacteria andfungi
Example :Fruits, chili, fish
Bottling/canning
PasteurisingSalting
Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot active at a
very low temperature
Example :Fish, meat
Reason :Bacteria and fungi
cannot grow without air
Example :Meat, fish, fruits
Reason :Destroy
microoganism
Example :Milk, yogurt
Reason :Bacteria and fungi
cannot grow in verysalt substances
Example :Fish, eggs
Reason :Dry the food
Example :Fish, meat
Reason :Slow down theloss of water
Example :Fruits
Smoking
Waxing
1. 2. Synthesising the concept of food preservation
The importance of preserving food
The importance of preserving food
Food can be keptfor a longer time
Easier tostore
Easier tocarry
To prevent thewastage of foodTo prevent the
wastage of food
1.3. Realising the importance of preserving food
Waste disposal
Waste disposal •Gas•Liquid•Solid
•From agricultural activities•From vehicles and open burning•Toxic materials•Rubbish
Sources of wastes
Types of waste
•Open burning•Littering•Chanelling- waste factories into river• Releasing smokeand dangerous gasses
•Treat waste water•Keep environment and home clean•Reuse and recyclerubbish and waste• Reduce car•Build factories farfrom home
The improperways disposal
Smoke dissolved form weak acidKills plants & fishDestroys building & bridges
Rubbish thrown in rivers or drain Cause flash-floods& water over flowKill plants & animals in the river
Open burningCause asthma & eye irritationAir pollution
DiseaseCause by eating polluted fish and plants
The harmfuleffect
The proper disposal ways
2.1. Understanding the effects of improper of on the environment
• Animal extinction• Habitats destruction•Spoil natural beauty•Change Climate
• Animal extinction• Habitats destruction•Spoil natural beauty•Change Climate
• Tin can• Plastic• Synthetic• Glass• Metal objects
• Tin can• Plastic• Synthetic• Glass• Metal objects
• Give out poisonous gas• Unpleasant smell
• Give out poisonous gas• Unpleasant smell
• Return nutrient to soil• Prevent rubbish from accumulate
• Return nutrient to soil• Prevent rubbish from accumulate
•Paper• Wood• Food• Meat
•Paper• Wood• Food• Meat
• Fungi
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Bacteria
Waste thatcan decay
Waste that decayWaste that decay
Waste that do not decayWaste that do not decay
Microbes that causewaste to decay
Microbes that causewaste to decay
Advantages of waste decayingAdvantages of waste decaying
Disadvantages of waste decaying
Disadvantages of waste decaying
What will happen ifwaste do not decay
2.2. Understanding that some waste can decay
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH & THE UNIVERSE
Eclipse of the moon
The Earth is between the Sun
and the Moon
The Earth is between the Sun
and the Moon
The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a
straight line
The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a
straight line
The Earth’s position blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon
The Earth’s position blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon
The Earth’s shadow is formed on the Moon surface and cause an eclipse of the Moon
The Earth’s shadow is formed on the Moon surface and cause an eclipse of the Moon
Sun Moon
Earth
1.1. Understanding the eclipse of the moon
ECLIPSE OF THE SUNECLIPSE OF THE SUN
The Moon is between the Sun
and the Earth
The Moon is between the Sun
and the Earth
The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a
straight line
The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a
straight line
The Moon’s blocks the sunlight from reaching
the Earth
The Moon’s blocks the sunlight from reaching
the Earth
The Moon’s shadow is formed on the Earth’s surface
SUN
Earth
Moon
The place that experienced full eclipse is completely dark during the day time
PHASES OF THE SUN DURING THE ECLIPSE
1.2. Understanding the eclipse of the sun
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
WHEEL AND AXLE
Simple machine
LEVERLEVER
WEDGE
PULLEY
GEAR
INCLINED PLANE
SCREW
-To carry or move heavy objects
- e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor
-To carry or move heavy objects
- e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor
-To lift heavy objects easier
eg. stairs , slanting wooden plank
-To carry to move heavy objects easily
eg screw driver , car spanner
-To carry or lift objects to a higher place
eg. flag pole , crane
-To cut or separate objects
eg. knife , saw , axe
-To fix two objects together
eg. drill bit , spanner
-To move objects easily
eg. Gear in a watch
A device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster
A device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster
1.1. Understanding simple machines
ComplexmachineComplexmachine
WheelbarrowLever, wheel and axle
CraneGear, pulley, lever
Egg beaterGear, wheel and axle
BicycleGear, lever,
wheel and axle ScissorsLever, wedge
Hand drillWedge, wheel and axle
1.2. Analysing a complex machine
MachinesMachines
Difficulty in moving heavy thingsDifficulty in moving heavy things
Will not be able to travel from one place to another place which is farWill not be able to travel from one place to another place which is far
Help to move heavy thingsHelp to move heavy things
Work in the fields is made easier and productivity of agricultural product is raised
Work in the fields is made easier and productivity of agricultural product is raised
Construction work is made easier and can be completed fasterConstruction work is made easier and can be completed faster
Help us travel from one place to anotherHelp us travel from one place to another
1.3. Appreciating the invention of machines that make life easier