YANG TERSURAT & YANG TERSIRATDALAM FILEM PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK

arahan P Ramlee

YANG TERSURAT & YANG TERSIRATDALAM FILEM PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK

arahan P Ramlee

HASSAN ABD MUTHALIBhassan.muthalib@gmail.com

HASSAN ABD MUTHALIBhassan.muthalib@gmail.com

1950s Singapore milieu1950s Singapore milieu

Post-war ModernityPost-war Modernity

CLASSICALHOLLYWOOD CINEMAINFLUENCES

KORBAN FITNAHKORBAN FITNAH, Usmar Ismail, 1959, Usmar Ismail, 1959KORBAN FITNAHKORBAN FITNAH, Usmar Ismail, 1959, Usmar Ismail, 1959

KAKI KUDA Kadar Sharma 1959KAKI KUDA Kadar Sharma 1959

MASYARAKAT PINCANG Phani Majumdar 1958MASYARAKAT PINCANG Phani Majumdar 1958

HANG JEBAT Hussein Hanif 1961

M AMIN

P RAMLEE

REALIST APPROACHES

1995

FILMICREALITY

FILMICREALITY

Parodies of bangsawan-style acting, 2008

Early actors: From Bangsawan(Malaysia/Indonesia)

THE BANGSAWAN INFLUENCE INPendekar Bujang Lapok

1950s Singapore milieu1950s Singapore milieu

Post-war Modernity:

• Fashion• Leisure• Consumer goods

Post-war Modernity:

• Fashion• Leisure• Consumer goods

1950s Singapore milieu1950s Singapore milieu

ModernityProgressLiteracyBusinessJournalismCinemaLeisure

ModernityProgressLiteracyBusinessJournalismCinemaLeisure

1950s Singapore milieu1950s Singapore milieu

ModernityProgressLiteracyBusinessJournalismCinemaLeisure

ModernityProgressLiteracyBusinessJournalismCinemaLeisure

MigrationMigrationSurvivalSurvivalCareerCareerFrivolityFrivolityCommunityCommunityAlienationAlienationLoss of Loss of identityidentity

MigrationMigrationSurvivalSurvivalCareerCareerFrivolityFrivolityCommunityCommunityAlienationAlienationLoss of Loss of identityidentity

1940s/50s Singapore 1940s/50s Singapore

Involvement of Malays in -Involvement of Malays in -

BusinessBusiness MediaMedia LiteratureLiterature EntertainmentEntertainment

Involvement of Malays in -Involvement of Malays in -

BusinessBusiness MediaMedia LiteratureLiterature EntertainmentEntertainment

1950s Singapore milieu1950s Singapore milieu

Worldwide socialist movement

Anti-colonial sentiments

Independence aspirations

Worldwide socialist movement

Anti-colonial sentiments

Independence aspirations

1950s Singapore milieu1950s Singapore milieu

Sanshiro Sugata 1943Rashomon 1950Streetcar Named Desire 1951The Wild One 1953On the Waterfront 1954Seven Samurai, 1954Pather Panchali 1955

Sanshiro Sugata 1943Rashomon 1950Streetcar Named Desire 1951The Wild One 1953On the Waterfront 1954Seven Samurai, 1954Pather Panchali 1955

First featureB S RAJHANS1933

LEILA MAJNUN - BANGSAWAN ON SCREENLEILA MAJNUN - BANGSAWAN ON SCREEN

1933 Persian tale Bangsawan on

screen

1940s Stories from China

Melodrama

Post-War Stories from India

Melodrama Feudalist

remnants New Realities

1933 Persian tale Bangsawan on

screen

1940s Stories from China

Melodrama

Post-War Stories from India

Melodrama Feudalist

remnants New Realities

EARLY MALAY CINEMA

EARLY MALAY CINEMAEARLY MALAY CINEMA

No criticism No criticism of:of:

THE BRITISHTHE BRITISH && OTHER RACESOTHER RACES

No criticism No criticism of:of:

THE BRITISHTHE BRITISH && OTHER RACESOTHER RACES

EARLY MALAY CINEMAEARLY MALAY CINEMA

No criticism No criticism of:of:

THE BRITISHTHE BRITISH && OTHER RACESOTHER RACES

No criticism No criticism of:of:

THE BRITISHTHE BRITISH && OTHER RACESOTHER RACES

Criticism of:Criticism of:

** Royalty Royalty** Aristocracy Aristocracy** Syeds Syeds** Hajis Hajis** Wealthy Wealthy** Common man Common man

Criticism of:Criticism of:

** Royalty Royalty** Aristocracy Aristocracy** Syeds Syeds** Hajis Hajis** Wealthy Wealthy** Common man Common man

1940s/50s Singapore1940s/50s Singapore

TEUKU ZAKARIA BIN TEUKU NYAK PUTEH (P Ramlee)

P RAMLEE’S OBSERVATION OF THE MIGRATORY MALAYP RAMLEE’S OBSERVATION OF THE MIGRATORY MALAY

* * Leaving family & homeLeaving family & home* * Transition: village-cityTransition: village-city** Displacement Displacement** Alienation Alienation* * The need to surviveThe need to survive* * Resisting temptationResisting temptation** Loss of identity Loss of identity** Loss of values Loss of values** Loss of Malay roots Loss of Malay roots** Forgetting religion Forgetting religion** Capitalistic Capitalistic

* * Leaving family & homeLeaving family & home* * Transition: village-cityTransition: village-city** Displacement Displacement** Alienation Alienation* * The need to surviveThe need to survive* * Resisting temptationResisting temptation** Loss of identity Loss of identity** Loss of values Loss of values** Loss of Malay roots Loss of Malay roots** Forgetting religion Forgetting religion** Capitalistic Capitalistic

P RAMLEE’S constant themesP RAMLEE’S constant themes

* CONFRONTING A NEW MILIEU

* NEGOTIATING MODERNITY * MAINTAINING VALUES

* CONFRONTING A NEW MILIEU

* NEGOTIATING MODERNITY * MAINTAINING VALUES

P RAMLEE’S major theme in P B LP RAMLEE’S major theme in P B L

EDUCATIONEDUCATION

1950s SINGAPORE MILIEUIN PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK

A CinematicRepresentation A CinematicRepresentation

CINEMATIC REPRESENTATION in PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK

CastingMise en sceneProduction DesignCinematographyEditingSound

CastingMise en sceneProduction DesignCinematographyEditingSound

CINEMATIC REPRESENTATION IN PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK

SemioticsArchetypesBinary OppositesGestalt Principles

SemioticsArchetypesBinary OppositesGestalt Principles

PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK 16-minute opening sequence – 16-minute opening sequence – Depiction of milieuDepiction of milieu

BINARY OPPOSITES: THE CITYBINARY OPPOSITES: THE CITY

CapitalistCapitalistMaterialisticMaterialisticArroganceArroganceThieveryThieveryOpportunisticOpportunisticUnculturedUnculturedHooliganismHooliganismDisrespectfulDisrespectfulLack of valuesLack of valuesCentralised powerCentralised power

CapitalistCapitalistMaterialisticMaterialisticArroganceArroganceThieveryThieveryOpportunisticOpportunisticUnculturedUnculturedHooliganismHooliganismDisrespectfulDisrespectfulLack of valuesLack of valuesCentralised powerCentralised power

Representations of the city

BINARY OPPOSITES: The VillageBINARY OPPOSITES: The Village

LoveLoveFamilyFamilyRespectRespectEducationEducationRelationshipsRelationshipsCommunityCommunityCustomsCustomsTraditionTraditionPositive valuesPositive valuesShared powerShared power

LoveLoveFamilyFamilyRespectRespectEducationEducationRelationshipsRelationshipsCommunityCommunityCustomsCustomsTraditionTraditionPositive valuesPositive valuesShared powerShared power

Representations of the village

Opening sequence:Opening sequence:PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK

- - Depiction of spaceDepiction of space

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11

GEOGRAPHICAL SPACEGEOGRAPHICAL SPACE - - METAPHOR & INDEXMETAPHOR & INDEX

LeftMALAYATraditional MalaysMalay valuesEducationFamilyLove

RightRightSINGAPORE

Wayward Malays

Capitalists

Uncultured

Survival

Power

THE PROTAGONISTS – positive values

The Antagonists- HOOLIGANISM

The CAPITALIST (CHAPLINESQUE)

THE ANTAGONIST - Arrogance

““EDUCATION EDUCATION WILL SET YOU FREEWILL SET YOU FREE””

““FORGET NOT YOUR FORGET NOT YOUR ROOTSROOTS””

“HOW TO NEGOTIATE (post-war)“HOW TO NEGOTIATE (post-war)MODERNITY”MODERNITY”

““EDUCATION EDUCATION WILL SET YOU FREEWILL SET YOU FREE””

““FORGET NOT YOUR FORGET NOT YOUR ROOTSROOTS””

“HOW TO NEGOTIATE (post-war)“HOW TO NEGOTIATE (post-war)MODERNITY”MODERNITY”

Themes in PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK

ARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF EDUCATIONARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF EDUCATION

* LEARNING - Silat - Read & write - Confronting modernity

* TEACHERS - Male (Mustar) - Female (Mustar’s

wife/school teachers)

* LEARNING - Silat - Read & write - Confronting modernity

* TEACHERS - Male (Mustar) - Female (Mustar’s

wife/school teachers)

Articulation of the Importance of EducationArticulation of the Importance of Education

Formal

Traditional

The real learningThe real learning

Expression of the Importance of Education

WOMEN BEHIND THE MEN

ARTICULATION OFTHE THEME OFEDUCATION

ARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF VALUESARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF VALUES

* RESPECT for Teacher, Guru, Elders, Women

* LOVE & AFFECTION* FAMILY * COMMUNITY* GENERATION

* RESPECT for Teacher, Guru, Elders, Women

* LOVE & AFFECTION* FAMILY * COMMUNITY* GENERATION

ARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF VALUES

ARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF VALUES

PROVIDENTIAL PROVIDENTIAL INTERVENTIONINTERVENTION

ARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF VALUES

ARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF VALUES

ABLE TO FACE THE TRADITIONAL WORLD

UNABLE TO FACE THE MODERN WORLD

12

34

SOME TRADITIONS NEED TO CHANGE

A TIME TO GO AGAINST TRADITIONA TIME TO GO AGAINST TRADITION

ARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF UNITYARTICULATION OF THE THEME OF UNITY

PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOK A Time for ChangeA Time for Change

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PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOKarahan P Ramlee

TERIMA KASIH

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PENDEKAR BUJANG LAPOKarahan P Ramlee

TERIMA KASIH