01. Safety Awareness
38
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMED AMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, ; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Presented by : Presented by : MR. AMIR B. MOHAMED MR. AMIR B. MOHAMED CIAST, SHAH ALAM CIAST, SHAH ALAM SELANGOR SELANGOR
Transcript of 01. Safety Awareness
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Presented by :Presented by :MR. AMIR B. MOHAMEDMR. AMIR B. MOHAMED
CIAST, SHAH ALAMCIAST, SHAH ALAMSELANGORSELANGOR
Presented by :Presented by :MR. AMIR B. MOHAMEDMR. AMIR B. MOHAMED
CIAST, SHAH ALAMCIAST, SHAH ALAMSELANGORSELANGOR
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
KEMALANGAN KEMALANGAN JALANRAYAJALANRAYAMELIBATKAN MELIBATKAN KERETA DAN KERETA DAN LORI KRENLORI KREN
KEMALANGAN KEMALANGAN JALANRAYAJALANRAYAMELIBATKAN MELIBATKAN KERETA DAN KERETA DAN LORI KRENLORI KREN
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
KemalanganDi Pejabat
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
HIGHER COST & LOWER PROFITHIGHER COST & LOWER PROFIT
MONEY SPENT FOR ACCIDENT IS NOT LIKE MONEY MONEY SPENT FOR ACCIDENT IS NOT LIKE MONEY SPENT FOR MATERIAL OR WAGES. THERE IS NO SPENT FOR MATERIAL OR WAGES. THERE IS NO
RETURN ON MONEY SPENT FOR ACCIDENT.RETURN ON MONEY SPENT FOR ACCIDENT.
RESULTSRESULTS
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
IMMEDIATEIMMEDIATEDEATHDEATHINJURYINJURYPAINPAINDISEASEDISEASEDAMAGEDAMAGELOSSLOSSFEARFEAR
IMMEDIATEIMMEDIATEDEATHDEATHINJURYINJURYPAINPAINDISEASEDISEASEDAMAGEDAMAGELOSSLOSSFEARFEAR
SHORT TERMSHORT TERMMEDICAL TREATMENTMEDICAL TREATMENTREPAIRSREPAIRSREPLACEMENTSREPLACEMENTSLOST PRODUCTIONLOST PRODUCTIONINCREASED COSTSINCREASED COSTSDISCIPLINEDISCIPLINELOW MORALELOW MORALE
SHORT TERMSHORT TERMMEDICAL TREATMENTMEDICAL TREATMENTREPAIRSREPAIRSREPLACEMENTSREPLACEMENTSLOST PRODUCTIONLOST PRODUCTIONINCREASED COSTSINCREASED COSTSDISCIPLINEDISCIPLINELOW MORALELOW MORALE
LONG TERMLONG TERMSUFFERINGSUFFERINGDISABILITYDISABILITYLOST INCOMELOST INCOMEINSURANCEINSURANCECOMPENSATIONCOMPENSATIONMISTRUSTMISTRUSTMISSED TARGETSMISSED TARGETSPROFITABILITYPROFITABILITY
LONG TERMLONG TERMSUFFERINGSUFFERINGDISABILITYDISABILITYLOST INCOMELOST INCOMEINSURANCEINSURANCECOMPENSATIONCOMPENSATIONMISTRUSTMISTRUSTMISSED TARGETSMISSED TARGETSPROFITABILITYPROFITABILITY
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
SufferingSuffering
Lost of earningLost of earning
Extra expensesExtra expenses
Effect on familyEffect on family
Continuing disabilityContinuing disability
Effect onEffect onsport & hobbiessport & hobbies
VICTIM AND DEPENDENTSVICTIM AND DEPENDENTSVICTIM AND DEPENDENTSVICTIM AND DEPENDENTS
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
WorryWorry
RecriminationRecrimination
Report, extra work, training new staffReport, extra work, training new staff
Loss prestigeLoss prestige
SUPERVISORSUPERVISORSUPERVISORSUPERVISOR
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
MoraleMoraleCapacityCapacity
to to produceproduce
SECTION OR DEPARTMENTSECTION OR DEPARTMENTSECTION OR DEPARTMENTSECTION OR DEPARTMENT
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Loss of earningLoss of earning
CompensationCompensation
Extra insuranceExtra insurancepremiumpremium
Lost of clientLost of client
Damage toDamage tothe equipmentthe equipmentand materialsand materials
Loss in payingLoss in payingin legal actionin legal action
PenaltyPenalty
FIRM OR ORGANISATIONFIRM OR ORGANISATIONFIRM OR ORGANISATIONFIRM OR ORGANISATION
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Loss ofLoss ofincome inincome ina form of a form of
income taxincome tax
Loss ofLoss ofmoralemorale
NATIONNATIONNATIONNATION
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
ACCIDENT COSTS ICEBERGACCIDENT COSTS ICEBERGACCIDENT COSTS ICEBERGACCIDENT COSTS ICEBERG
THE THE HIDDENHIDDEN
UNINSUREDUNINSUREDCOSTSCOSTS(8 – 36(8 – 36
as much asas much asinsured costs)insured costs)
THE THE HIDDENHIDDEN
UNINSUREDUNINSUREDCOSTSCOSTS(8 – 36(8 – 36
as much asas much asinsured costs)insured costs)
INSUREDINSUREDCOSTS (1)COSTS (1)INSUREDINSUREDCOSTS (1)COSTS (1)
Medical (covering injury, ill health)Medical (covering injury, ill health) CompensationCompensation Medical (covering injury, ill health)Medical (covering injury, ill health) CompensationCompensation
Building damageBuilding damage Tool, equipment, material, product damageTool, equipment, material, product damage Production delays and interruptionsProduction delays and interruptions Legal expensesLegal expenses Expenditure on emergency first aid suppliesExpenditure on emergency first aid supplies Interim equipment rentalsInterim equipment rentals Investigation time/clearing siteInvestigation time/clearing site Wages paid for time lostWages paid for time lost Costs hiring and/or training replacementsCosts hiring and/or training replacements Overtime workingOvertime working Extra supervisor timeExtra supervisor time Loss of expertise/experienceLoss of expertise/experience Decreased output of injured worker upon returnDecreased output of injured worker upon return Loss of business and goodwillLoss of business and goodwill
Building damageBuilding damage Tool, equipment, material, product damageTool, equipment, material, product damage Production delays and interruptionsProduction delays and interruptions Legal expensesLegal expenses Expenditure on emergency first aid suppliesExpenditure on emergency first aid supplies Interim equipment rentalsInterim equipment rentals Investigation time/clearing siteInvestigation time/clearing site Wages paid for time lostWages paid for time lost Costs hiring and/or training replacementsCosts hiring and/or training replacements Overtime workingOvertime working Extra supervisor timeExtra supervisor time Loss of expertise/experienceLoss of expertise/experience Decreased output of injured worker upon returnDecreased output of injured worker upon return Loss of business and goodwillLoss of business and goodwill
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
ACCIDENT RATIO STUDIESACCIDENT RATIO STUDIESACCIDENT RATIO STUDIESACCIDENT RATIO STUDIES
300300
2929
11
NON-INJURYNON-INJURY
MINOR INJURIESMINOR INJURIES
SERIOUS / FATALSERIOUS / FATAL
THE HEINRICH THE HEINRICH THEORY (USA-1931)THEORY (USA-1931)
600600
3030
1010
NON-INJURYNON-INJURY
PROPERTY DAMAGEPROPERTY DAMAGE
MINOR INJURIESMINOR INJURIES
THE BIRD THEORY THE BIRD THEORY (USA-1969)(USA-1969)
11 SERIOUS / FATALSERIOUS / FATAL
400400
8080
5050
NON-INJURY / DAMAGENON-INJURY / DAMAGE
PROPERTY DAMAGEPROPERTY DAMAGE
MINOR INJURIES MINOR INJURIES (1 TO 3 DAYS MC)(1 TO 3 DAYS MC)
THE TYE/PEARSON THE TYE/PEARSON THEORY (UK-1974/75)THEORY (UK-1974/75)
11 SERIOUS / FATALSERIOUS / FATAL
33
FIRST-AID INJURIESFIRST-AID INJURIES
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
AN UNPLANNED EVENT WHICHAN UNPLANNED EVENT WHICHRESULTS IN UNACCEPTABLERESULTS IN UNACCEPTABLE
CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES
AN UNPLANNED EVENT WHICHAN UNPLANNED EVENT WHICHRESULTS IN UNACCEPTABLERESULTS IN UNACCEPTABLE
CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES
AN UNDESIREABLE EVENT WHICH AN UNDESIREABLE EVENT WHICH INTERRUPTS NORMAL ACTIVITYINTERRUPTS NORMAL ACTIVITY
AN UNDESIREABLE EVENT WHICH AN UNDESIREABLE EVENT WHICH INTERRUPTS NORMAL ACTIVITYINTERRUPTS NORMAL ACTIVITY
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
““An unexpected, unplanned event in An unexpected, unplanned event in sequence of events, that occurs sequence of events, that occurs through a combination of causes. It through a combination of causes. It results in injury or disease results in injury or disease to an individual, damage to an individual, damage to property or equipment, to property or equipment, a near-miss, a loss or any a near-miss, a loss or any combination of these effects”. combination of these effects”.
““An unexpected, unplanned event in An unexpected, unplanned event in sequence of events, that occurs sequence of events, that occurs through a combination of causes. It through a combination of causes. It results in injury or disease results in injury or disease to an individual, damage to an individual, damage to property or equipment, to property or equipment, a near-miss, a loss or any a near-miss, a loss or any combination of these effects”. combination of these effects”.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Workers, unions and employees don’t Workers, unions and employees don’t always agree on why accident happen.always agree on why accident happen.Workers, unions and employees don’t Workers, unions and employees don’t always agree on why accident happen.always agree on why accident happen.
Workers may say that the workplace is :Workers may say that the workplace is :HAZARDOUS * UNSAFE * DANGEROUS * BADLY HAZARDOUS * UNSAFE * DANGEROUS * BADLY
ORGANISEDORGANISED
Workers may say that the workplace is :Workers may say that the workplace is :HAZARDOUS * UNSAFE * DANGEROUS * BADLY HAZARDOUS * UNSAFE * DANGEROUS * BADLY
ORGANISEDORGANISED
THE WORKPLACE IS TO BLAME.THE WORKPLACE IS TO BLAME.THE WORKPLACE IS TO BLAME.THE WORKPLACE IS TO BLAME.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Employers sometimes say that the Employers sometimes say that the worker is :worker is :
CARELESS * RECKLESS * SILLY * CARELESS * RECKLESS * SILLY * ACCIDENT PRONE ACCIDENT PRONE
* STUBBORN * INCONSIDERATE * * STUBBORN * INCONSIDERATE * IGNORANTIGNORANT
Employers sometimes say that the Employers sometimes say that the worker is :worker is :
CARELESS * RECKLESS * SILLY * CARELESS * RECKLESS * SILLY * ACCIDENT PRONE ACCIDENT PRONE
* STUBBORN * INCONSIDERATE * * STUBBORN * INCONSIDERATE * IGNORANTIGNORANT
THE WORKER IS TO BLAME.THE WORKER IS TO BLAME.THE WORKER IS TO BLAME.THE WORKER IS TO BLAME.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Some accidents may be due to human errors.Some accidents may be due to human errors.But the work environment must recognise that the workersBut the work environment must recognise that the workersare human and sometimes make mistakes – this must beare human and sometimes make mistakes – this must be
acknowledged during workplace design.acknowledged during workplace design.Employers can improve the workplace so that stress, Employers can improve the workplace so that stress,
fatigue and poor working conditions do notfatigue and poor working conditions do notcause mistakes.cause mistakes.
Some accidents may be due to human errors.Some accidents may be due to human errors.But the work environment must recognise that the workersBut the work environment must recognise that the workersare human and sometimes make mistakes – this must beare human and sometimes make mistakes – this must be
acknowledged during workplace design.acknowledged during workplace design.Employers can improve the workplace so that stress, Employers can improve the workplace so that stress,
fatigue and poor working conditions do notfatigue and poor working conditions do notcause mistakes.cause mistakes.
HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVED THE HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVED THE PROBLEM ?PROBLEM ?
NO, AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENT NO, AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENT FIGURES.FIGURES.
HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVED THE HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVED THE PROBLEM ?PROBLEM ?
NO, AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENT NO, AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENT FIGURES.FIGURES.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
DIRECTLY DIRECTLY INVOLVEDINVOLVEDDIRECTLY DIRECTLY INVOLVEDINVOLVED
FatigueFatigue StressStress Taking shorts cutTaking shorts cut Lack of experienceLack of experience Lack of trainingLack of training Lack of concentrationLack of concentration Not wearing Not wearing appropriate PPEappropriate PPE Using incorrect tool Using incorrect tool Not following work Not following work practicespractices
FatigueFatigue StressStress Taking shorts cutTaking shorts cut Lack of experienceLack of experience Lack of trainingLack of training Lack of concentrationLack of concentration Not wearing Not wearing appropriate PPEappropriate PPE Using incorrect tool Using incorrect tool Not following work Not following work practicespractices
INDIRECTLY INDIRECTLY INVOLVEDINVOLVED
INDIRECTLY INDIRECTLY INVOLVEDINVOLVED
Fault with the Fault with the original design of a original design of a piece of equipment.piece of equipment. Inappropriate Inappropriate purchasing decisions.purchasing decisions. Behavior of fellow Behavior of fellow individuals in the individuals in the workplace.workplace.
Fault with the Fault with the original design of a original design of a piece of equipment.piece of equipment. Inappropriate Inappropriate purchasing decisions.purchasing decisions. Behavior of fellow Behavior of fellow individuals in the individuals in the workplace.workplace.
THE HUMAN FACTORTHE HUMAN FACTORTHE HUMAN FACTORTHE HUMAN FACTOR
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Operating without clearance/failure to secure or warn.Operating without clearance/failure to secure or warn. Operating without clearance/failure to secure or warn.Operating without clearance/failure to secure or warn. Operating or working at unsafe speed.Operating or working at unsafe speed. Operating or working at unsafe speed.Operating or working at unsafe speed. Making safety devices inoperative.Making safety devices inoperative. Making safety devices inoperative.Making safety devices inoperative. Using unsafe equipment or equipment unsafely.Using unsafe equipment or equipment unsafely. Using unsafe equipment or equipment unsafely.Using unsafe equipment or equipment unsafely. Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining, etc.Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining, etc. Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining, etc.Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining, etc. Taking unsafe position of posture.Taking unsafe position of posture. Taking unsafe position of posture.Taking unsafe position of posture. Working on moving of dangerous equipment.Working on moving of dangerous equipment. Working on moving of dangerous equipment.Working on moving of dangerous equipment.
Distracting, teasing, abusing, startling, Distracting, teasing, abusing, startling, etc.etc. Distracting, teasing, abusing, startling, Distracting, teasing, abusing, startling, etc.etc.
UNSAFE ACTS OF PERSONUNSAFE ACTS OF PERSONUNSAFE ACTS OF PERSONUNSAFE ACTS OF PERSON
Failure to use safe attire or personal Failure to use safe attire or personal protective devices.protective devices. Failure to use safe attire or personal Failure to use safe attire or personal protective devices.protective devices.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Inadequately guarded, guards of improper height, strength, mesh, etc.Inadequately guarded, guards of improper height, strength, mesh, etc. Inadequately guarded, guards of improper height, strength, mesh, etc.Inadequately guarded, guards of improper height, strength, mesh, etc. Unguarded absence of required guards.Unguarded absence of required guards. Unguarded absence of required guards.Unguarded absence of required guards. Defective, rough, sharp, slippery, decayed, cracked, etc.Defective, rough, sharp, slippery, decayed, cracked, etc. Defective, rough, sharp, slippery, decayed, cracked, etc.Defective, rough, sharp, slippery, decayed, cracked, etc. Unsafely designed machines, tools, etc.Unsafely designed machines, tools, etc. Unsafely designed machines, tools, etc.Unsafely designed machines, tools, etc. Unsafely arranged, poor housekeeping, congestion, blocked exits, etc.Unsafely arranged, poor housekeeping, congestion, blocked exits, etc. Unsafely arranged, poor housekeeping, congestion, blocked exits, etc.Unsafely arranged, poor housekeeping, congestion, blocked exits, etc. Inadequately lighted, sources of glare, etc.Inadequately lighted, sources of glare, etc. Inadequately lighted, sources of glare, etc.Inadequately lighted, sources of glare, etc. Inadequately ventilated impure air sources, etc.Inadequately ventilated impure air sources, etc. Inadequately ventilated impure air sources, etc.Inadequately ventilated impure air sources, etc.
Unsafely clothed, no goggles, gloves, masks, Unsafely clothed, no goggles, gloves, masks, wearing high heels, etc.wearing high heels, etc. Unsafely clothed, no goggles, gloves, masks, Unsafely clothed, no goggles, gloves, masks, wearing high heels, etc.wearing high heels, etc.
UNSAFE PHYSICAL CONDITIONSUNSAFE PHYSICAL CONDITIONSUNSAFE PHYSICAL CONDITIONSUNSAFE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
Unsafe processes, mechanical, chemical, Unsafe processes, mechanical, chemical, electrical, nuclear, etc.electrical, nuclear, etc. Unsafe processes, mechanical, chemical, Unsafe processes, mechanical, chemical, electrical, nuclear, etc.electrical, nuclear, etc.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
UNSAFE UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITIONACTS/CONDITION TYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITIONTYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITION
Improper use equipmentImproper use equipment Incorrect tool selected for job; tool used in a manner for which it Incorrect tool selected for job; tool used in a manner for which it was not intended; overloading, defeat or removal of safety was not intended; overloading, defeat or removal of safety devices; use of obviously defective equipment.devices; use of obviously defective equipment.
Failure to make proper Failure to make proper use of correct protective use of correct protective clothing/equipment.clothing/equipment.
Hot metal clothing not worn or left unbuttoned. Incorrect type of Hot metal clothing not worn or left unbuttoned. Incorrect type of glove/eye protection used. Failure to use safety harness/lifeline.glove/eye protection used. Failure to use safety harness/lifeline.
Failure to secure warn.Failure to secure warn. Failure: to shut off equipment not in use; to place warning signs Failure: to shut off equipment not in use; to place warning signs etc.; to lock or secure vehicles, switches, valves, ladders, etc.; to lock or secure vehicles, switches, valves, ladders, materials against unexpected motion etc.; to warn others or give materials against unexpected motion etc.; to warn others or give instructions.instructions.
Working at unsafe Working at unsafe speed.speed.
Jumping from heights, operating plants at unsafe speed, running, Jumping from heights, operating plants at unsafe speed, running, throwing materials, haste or short cuts taken, horseplaying.throwing materials, haste or short cuts taken, horseplaying.
Incorrect posture or Incorrect posture or improper use of limbs.improper use of limbs.
Gripping objects insecurely, taking wrong hold, improper body Gripping objects insecurely, taking wrong hold, improper body position adopted; attempting to lift excessive weight or move position adopted; attempting to lift excessive weight or move awkward load manually.awkward load manually.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
UNSAFE UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITIONACTS/CONDITION TYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITIONTYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITION
InattentionInattention To footing or surrounds.To footing or surrounds.
Personal unsafe positionPersonal unsafe position Standing/riding/walking in unsafe places. Unnecessary exposure Standing/riding/walking in unsafe places. Unnecessary exposure to moving equipment, or equipment/substances which are hot.to moving equipment, or equipment/substances which are hot.
Unsafe placementUnsafe placement Of vehicles, materials or equipment (housekeeping).Of vehicles, materials or equipment (housekeeping).
Hazardous plant/ Hazardous plant/ equipment/materialsequipment/materials
Accident caused through equipment or plant/materials which are Accident caused through equipment or plant/materials which are rough; sharp; worn; hot; broken; improperly designed; rough; sharp; worn; hot; broken; improperly designed; constructed; assembled or maintained. constructed; assembled or maintained.
Unsafe operational Unsafe operational methodmethod
Use of inherently hazardous methods or procedures; Use of inherently hazardous methods or procedures; inadequately lifting aids.inadequately lifting aids.
Inadequate personal Inadequate personal equipmentequipment
Improper of inadequate clothing or equipment provided.Improper of inadequate clothing or equipment provided.
Unsafe precautions on Unsafe precautions on plant’s/site equipmentplant’s/site equipment
Inadequate guarding, shielding, insulation, earthling, shoring, Inadequate guarding, shielding, insulation, earthling, shoring, labeling.labeling.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
UNSAFE UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITIONACTS/CONDITION TYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITIONTYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITION
Unsafe storageUnsafe storage Improperly stacked or placed equipment/materials; plant/ Improperly stacked or placed equipment/materials; plant/ equipment inadequately secure against movement.equipment inadequately secure against movement.
Environment hazardsEnvironment hazards Excessive noise, insufficient space, clearance, ventilation, Excessive noise, insufficient space, clearance, ventilation, lighting; inadequate traffic control; airborne dust; effects of room lighting; inadequate traffic control; airborne dust; effects of room temperature.temperature.
Unsafe place of work Unsafe place of work and unsafe means of and unsafe means of access/egress.access/egress.
Defective premises, low headroom, slippery floors, improperly Defective premises, low headroom, slippery floors, improperly designed or damaged stairs, catwalks, ladder etc.; holes in designed or damaged stairs, catwalks, ladder etc.; holes in floors; house-keeping.floors; house-keeping.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
HEINRICH (1930’s)HEINRICH (1930’s)
Emphasis for prevention on unsafe acts/condition.Emphasis for prevention on unsafe acts/condition.
Approach can lead to blaming the worker when management Approach can lead to blaming the worker when management system is at faults (prone worker approach).system is at faults (prone worker approach).
FIVE FACTORS/STAGES IN THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS;FIVE FACTORS/STAGES IN THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS;1. ANCESTRY / SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.1. ANCESTRY / SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.2. FAULT OF A PERSON2. FAULT OF A PERSON3. UNSAFE ACTS / CONDITION3. UNSAFE ACTS / CONDITION4. ACCIDENT4. ACCIDENT5. INJURY5. INJURY
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIESACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIESACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIESACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIESACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES
MULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORYMULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORY
More that one cause to any accident.More that one cause to any accident.
MULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORYMULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORY
More that one cause to any accident.More that one cause to any accident.
The multicauses is equivalent to the The multicauses is equivalent to the third stage in the Heinrich theory.third stage in the Heinrich theory.
Heinrich made reference to Heinrich made reference to “Underlying causes”. What were these “Underlying causes”. What were these cause.cause.
Using 5W, 1H.Using 5W, 1H.
The multicauses is equivalent to the The multicauses is equivalent to the third stage in the Heinrich theory.third stage in the Heinrich theory.
Heinrich made reference to Heinrich made reference to “Underlying causes”. What were these “Underlying causes”. What were these cause.cause.
Using 5W, 1H.Using 5W, 1H.
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THE ACCIDENT HIERARCHYTHE ACCIDENT HIERARCHYTHE ACCIDENT HIERARCHYTHE ACCIDENT HIERARCHY
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
WORK WORK ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES
OPERATING OPERATING RULESRULES
ACCIDENTSACCIDENTS
VIOLATIONSVIOLATIONS MISTAKESMISTAKES DIRECT CAUSEDIRECT CAUSE
ROOT CAUSEROOT CAUSE
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UNSAFE ACTS UNSAFE ACTS OF PERSONSOF PERSONS
88%88%
UNSAFE MECHANICAL OR UNSAFE MECHANICAL OR PHYSICAL CONDITIONSPHYSICAL CONDITIONS
10%10%
INEXPLICABLEINEXPLICABLE
2%2%
MAN FAILUREMAN FAILUREKnowledge, Attitude, Fitness, AbilityKnowledge, Attitude, Fitness, Ability
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTThrough SupervisionThrough Supervision
Controls
Which Causes or Permits
ACCIDENTSACCIDENTS2% are unpreventable2% are unpreventable
50% are practically preventable50% are practically preventable98% are of a preventable type98% are of a preventable type
Which Cause
THE ACCIDENT STUDIESTHE ACCIDENT STUDIESTHE ACCIDENT STUDIESTHE ACCIDENT STUDIES
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Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Safety Safety is absence of danger.is absence of danger.
SafetySafety is an attitude, a frame of mind. is an attitude, a frame of mind. It is the awareness of one’s environment and actions, It is the awareness of one’s environment and actions,
all day, everyday. To do this does not require genius, a all day, everyday. To do this does not require genius, a PhD, or even a title or rank. PhD, or even a title or rank.
SafetySafety is knowing what is going on; knowing what can is knowing what is going on; knowing what can injure anyone or anything; knowing how to prevent that injure anyone or anything; knowing how to prevent that
injury and then acting to prevent it. All it requires is injury and then acting to prevent it. All it requires is intelligence and a reasonable amount of native ability intelligence and a reasonable amount of native ability
to see, to hear, to smell and to think. to see, to hear, to smell and to think.
Safety Safety is absence of danger.is absence of danger.
SafetySafety is an attitude, a frame of mind. is an attitude, a frame of mind. It is the awareness of one’s environment and actions, It is the awareness of one’s environment and actions,
all day, everyday. To do this does not require genius, a all day, everyday. To do this does not require genius, a PhD, or even a title or rank. PhD, or even a title or rank.
SafetySafety is knowing what is going on; knowing what can is knowing what is going on; knowing what can injure anyone or anything; knowing how to prevent that injure anyone or anything; knowing how to prevent that
injury and then acting to prevent it. All it requires is injury and then acting to prevent it. All it requires is intelligence and a reasonable amount of native ability intelligence and a reasonable amount of native ability
to see, to hear, to smell and to think. to see, to hear, to smell and to think.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Safety AwarenessSafety Awareness means ; means ; being able to recognise unsafe practices and conditions. It being able to recognise unsafe practices and conditions. It requires following safety procedures.requires following safety procedures. getting to know all you can about the conditions that getting to know all you can about the conditions that promote safety, including emergency response procedures.promote safety, including emergency response procedures. signifies you to willingness to take time to prevent accident.signifies you to willingness to take time to prevent accident. having the right attitude about safety, both your own and having the right attitude about safety, both your own and your coworker’s safety.your coworker’s safety. can help prevent injury, illness and accidental damage to can help prevent injury, illness and accidental damage to company property.company property. being on the lookout for unsafe practices and conditions in being on the lookout for unsafe practices and conditions in your work area.your work area.
Safety AwarenessSafety Awareness means ; means ; being able to recognise unsafe practices and conditions. It being able to recognise unsafe practices and conditions. It requires following safety procedures.requires following safety procedures. getting to know all you can about the conditions that getting to know all you can about the conditions that promote safety, including emergency response procedures.promote safety, including emergency response procedures. signifies you to willingness to take time to prevent accident.signifies you to willingness to take time to prevent accident. having the right attitude about safety, both your own and having the right attitude about safety, both your own and your coworker’s safety.your coworker’s safety. can help prevent injury, illness and accidental damage to can help prevent injury, illness and accidental damage to company property.company property. being on the lookout for unsafe practices and conditions in being on the lookout for unsafe practices and conditions in your work area.your work area.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Safety AwarenessSafety Awareness is all about understanding is all about understanding the need to prevent avoidable accidents and the need to prevent avoidable accidents and
there are three compelling reasons why every there are three compelling reasons why every organisation and every individual organisation and every individual MUSTMUST
accept accident prevention as vital element of accept accident prevention as vital element of all activity in the workplace.all activity in the workplace.
Safety AwarenessSafety Awareness is all about understanding is all about understanding the need to prevent avoidable accidents and the need to prevent avoidable accidents and
there are three compelling reasons why every there are three compelling reasons why every organisation and every individual organisation and every individual MUSTMUST
accept accident prevention as vital element of accept accident prevention as vital element of all activity in the workplace.all activity in the workplace.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
An accident can lead to a change of An accident can lead to a change of lifestyle that can be for an individual lifestyle that can be for an individual
and often for a whole family.and often for a whole family.
An accident can lead to a change of An accident can lead to a change of lifestyle that can be for an individual lifestyle that can be for an individual
and often for a whole family.and often for a whole family.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Organisation face lossOrganisation face lossabsenteeism, higher accident compensation absenteeism, higher accident compensation
premiumpremiumHidden cost of accidentsHidden cost of accidents
stopped production, spoilage of material, damage stopped production, spoilage of material, damage to plant and equipment, replacement of staff, to plant and equipment, replacement of staff, training & re-training, re-tooling, re-designingtraining & re-training, re-tooling, re-designing
Organisation face lossOrganisation face lossabsenteeism, higher accident compensation absenteeism, higher accident compensation
premiumpremiumHidden cost of accidentsHidden cost of accidents
stopped production, spoilage of material, damage stopped production, spoilage of material, damage to plant and equipment, replacement of staff, to plant and equipment, replacement of staff, training & re-training, re-tooling, re-designingtraining & re-training, re-tooling, re-designing
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
Social Security payments to Social Security payments to people injured in accidents, people injured in accidents, but not adequately covered but not adequately covered by other insurance.by other insurance.
Aid to dependent families Aid to dependent families where income falls below where income falls below a minimum level.a minimum level.
Payments to legal personnel relating to court Payments to legal personnel relating to court proceedings.proceedings.
Preparation and issuance of laws standards and Preparation and issuance of laws standards and regulations and their administration. regulations and their administration.
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
EMPLOYEREMPLOYEREMPLOYEREMPLOYER
SS et OSH policy and committee.et OSH policy and committee.
AA llocate budget for OSH programmed and llocate budget for OSH programmed and activities.activities.
FF ulfill the need of OSH Legislation.ulfill the need of OSH Legislation.
EE nsure all employees understand the related OSH nsure all employees understand the related OSH programmed and activities.programmed and activities.
TT raining for OSH commitment. raining for OSH commitment.
YY ield – analyses the achievement for improvement.ield – analyses the achievement for improvement.
SS et OSH policy and committee.et OSH policy and committee.
AA llocate budget for OSH programmed and llocate budget for OSH programmed and activities.activities.
FF ulfill the need of OSH Legislation.ulfill the need of OSH Legislation.
EE nsure all employees understand the related OSH nsure all employees understand the related OSH programmed and activities.programmed and activities.
TT raining for OSH commitment. raining for OSH commitment.
YY ield – analyses the achievement for improvement.ield – analyses the achievement for improvement.
SS
AA FF
EE
TT
YY
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
EMPLOYEEEMPLOYEEEMPLOYEEEMPLOYEE
SS earch all hazards at workplace.earch all hazards at workplace.
AA ssess the potential risk.ssess the potential risk.
FF ind the control measures.ind the control measures.
EE xercise and make it habit.xercise and make it habit.
TT ake part on OSH programmed and activities. ake part on OSH programmed and activities.
YY ell for commitment.ell for commitment.
SS earch all hazards at workplace.earch all hazards at workplace.
AA ssess the potential risk.ssess the potential risk.
FF ind the control measures.ind the control measures.
EE xercise and make it habit.xercise and make it habit.
TT ake part on OSH programmed and activities. ake part on OSH programmed and activities.
YY ell for commitment.ell for commitment.
SS
AA FF
EE
TT
YY
Prepared by Prepared by AMIR BIN MOHAMEDAMIR BIN MOHAMED; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor; CIAST, P.O.Box 7012, Jalan Petani 19/1, Section 19, Shah Alam, Selangor
