02 Pengenalan Sistem Operasi

8/18/2019 02 Pengenalan Sistem Operasi

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SISTEM OPERASI &

ANTARMUKA

PengenalOperasi


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TOPIK BAHASAN

Apa yang dimaksud Sistem Operasi

Sistem Mainrame

Sistem !eskt"p

Sistem Multipr"#ess"r

Sistem Terdistri$usi

Sistem Ter#luster

Sistem Real %Time

Sistem Handeld


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APA 'AN( !IMAKSU!SISTEM OPERASI) Se$ua pr"gram yang $ertindak se$agai perantara antara pek"mputer dan perangkat keras k"mputer*

Tu+uan sistem "perasi, Men+alankan pr"gram pengguna dan mem$uat pengguna le$i mudameme#akan masala*

Mem$uat sistem k"mputer nyaman untuk digunakan*Menggunakan perangkat keras k"mputer dengan #ara yang e


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KOMPONEN SISTEMKOMPUTER .* Hard/are 0 menyediakan sum$er daya k"mputasi dasar 12mem"ry3 I4O de5i#es6*

7* Sistem Operasi 0 mengendalikan dan mengk""rdinasikanpenggunaan ard/are pada $er$agai pr"gram aplikasi untuk$er$agai pengguna*

8* Pr"gram aplikasi 0 menentukan #ara%#ara $agaimana sum$daya sistem yang digunakan untuk meme#akan masalak"mputasi dari pengguna 1#"mpiler3 sistem data$ase3 5ide" gpr"gram $isnis6*

9* User 1"rang3 mesin3 k"mputer lain6


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ABSTRAKSI KOMPONENSISTEM


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!E:INISI SISTEM OPERASI

Res"ur#e all"#at"r 0 mengel"la dan mengal"kasikan sum$er

Pr"gram Peng"ntr"l 0 mengendalikan eksekusi pr"gram user "perasi perangkat I 4 O

Kernel 0 pr"gram yang $er+alan pada setiap saat 1selain pr"gaplikasi6*


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E;O


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SERIA< PRO2ESSIN(

Earliest 2"mputers,

N" "perating system pr"grammers intera#ted dire#tly

/it te #"mputer ard/are

2"mputers ran r"m a

#"ns"le /it displayligts3 t"ggle s/it#es3s"me "rm " inputde5i#e3 and a printer

Users a5e a##ess t"te #"mputer in =series>

Pr"$lems,

S#eduling, m"st installati"ns used aard#"py sign%up seet t"reser5e #"mputer time

time all"#ati"ns #"uld run s"rt

"r l"ng3 resulting in /asted#"mputer time

Setup time a #"nsidera$le am"unt " time

/as spent +ust "n setting up tepr"gram t" run


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SIMP


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MONITOR POINT O: ;IE

M"nit"r #"ntr"ls te seuen#e " e5ents

Resident Monitor is s"t/are al/ays in mem"ry

M"nit"r reads in +"$ and gi5es #"ntr"l

C"$ returns #"ntr"l t" m"nit"r

InterruptProcessing

DeviceDrivers

JobSequencing

Control LanguageInterpreter

UserProgram

Area

Monitor

Boundary

igure !"# Memory Layout $or a %esid


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PRO2ESSOR POINT O: ;IE

Pr"#ess"r e?e#utes instru#ti"n r"m te mem"ry #"ntaining te m"

E?e#utes te instru#ti"ns in te user pr"gram until it en#"unters anending "r err"r #"nditi"n

=control is passed to a job” means pr"#ess"r is et#ing and e?e#uinstru#ti"ns in a user pr"gram

=control is returned to the monitor” means tat te pr"#ess"r is etand e?e#uting instru#ti"ns r"m te m"nit"r pr"gram


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MU


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U&IP%'(%AMMI&(

Te pr"#ess"r spends a #ertainam"unt " time e?e#uting3 until itrea#es an I4O instru#ti"nD it must ten/ait until tat I4O instru#ti"n#"n#ludes $e"re pr"#eeding

%un )ait )ait%un

*ime

+a, Uniprogramming

Program A


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MUL*IP%'(%AMMI&(

Tere must $e en"ug mem"ry t" "ld te OS 1residentm"nit"r6 and "ne user pr"gram

en "ne +"$ needs t" /ait "r I4O3 te pr"#ess"r #ans/it# t" te "ter +"$3 /i# is likely n"t /aiting "r I4O

%un )ait )ait%un

%unA

%unA

%un )ait)ait )ait%un

%unB

)ait )ait%unB

*ime

+b, Multiprogramming -it. t-o programs

Program A

Program B

Combined


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MUL*IP%'(%AMMI&(

Multipr"grammingals" kn"/n as multitasking

mem"ry is e?panded t" "ld tree3 "ur3 "r m"re

pr"grams and s/it# am"ng all " tem

%un

A

%un

A

%un

B

%un

B

%un

C

%un

C

*ime

+c, Multiprogramming -it. t.ree programs

%un )ait )ait%un

%un )ait)ait )ait%un

Program A

Program B

)ait )aitCombined

%un )ait)ait )ait%unProgram C


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:ITUR SO 'AN( !IPER


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TIME%SHARIN( S'STEM0INTERA2TI;E2OMPUTIN(

2an $e used t" andle multiple intera#ti5e +"$s

Pr"#ess"r time is sared am"ng multipleusers

Multiple users simultane"usly a##ess tesystem tr"ug terminals3 /it te OSinterlea5ing te e?e#uti"n " ea# userpr"gram in a s"rt $urst "r uantum "#"mputati"n


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BA*C2 MUL*IP%'(%AMMI&3S" *IM0 S2A%I&(

Batc. Multiprogramming *ime S.aring

Principal objective Maximize processor use Minimize response time

Source of directives to

operating system

Job control language

commands provided with the job

Commands entered at the

terminal

*able !"# Batc. Multiprogramming versus *ime S.aring


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C'MPA*IBL0 *IM04S2A%I&( S5S*0MS

2TSS One " te -rst time%saring "perating systems

!e5el"ped at MIT $y a gr"upkn"/n as Pr"+e#t MA2

Ran "n a #"mputer /it 873

8F%$it /"rds " main mem"ry3/it te resident m"nit"r#"nsuming G " tat

T" simpliy $"t te m"nit"r andmem"ry management apr"gram /as al/ays l"aded t"start at te l"#ati"n " teGt /"rd

Time Sli#ing System #l"#k generates interrupts

at a rate " appr"?imately "nee5ery *7 se#"nds

At ea# interrupt OS regained#"ntr"l and #"uld assign pr"#ess"t" an"ter user

At regular time inter5als te#urrent user /"uld $e preemptedand an"ter user l"aded in

Old user pr"grams and data /ere/ritten "ut t" disk

Old user pr"gram #"de and data/ere rest"red in main mem"ry/en tat pr"gram /as ne?t gi5ena turn


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Monitor

reeree ree

J'B 6

0

!000

"000

!0000

!0000

#a$

Monitor

J'B !

0

!000

"000

!"000 !"000

#b$

ree

Monitor

J'B !

0

!000

"000

!"000

#f$

Monitor

J'B #

+J'B !,

0

!000

"000

%0000

#c$

ree!"000

Monitor

J'B 6

+J'B !,

0

!000

"000

#d$

!0000%"000

ree!"000

Monitor

J'B 7

+J'B !,

+J'B 6,

0

!000

"000

#e$

igure !"8 C*SS 'peration


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SISTEM !ESKTOP

Pers"nal #"mputers 0 sistem k"mputer yang didedikasikan untuk siuser*

Perangkat I4O 0 key$"ards3 m"use3 layar3 printer dalam $entuk le$i


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MUL*I*2%0ADI&(

Te#niue in /i# a pr"#ess3 e?e#uting anappli#ati"n3 is di5ided int" treads tat #an run#"n#urrently Tread

• dispat#a$le unit " /"rk• in#ludes a pr"#ess"r #"nte?t and its "/n data area t"

ena$le su$r"utine $ran#ing• e?e#utes seuentially and is interrupti$le

Pr"#ess

• a #"lle#ti"n " "ne "r m"re treads and ass"#iatedsystem res"ur#es

• pr"grammer as greater #"ntr"l "5er te m"dularity "

te appli#ati"n and te timing " appli#ati"n related


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SISTEM PARA


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SISTEM PARA


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ARSITEKTUR S'MMETRI2MU


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S5MM0*%ICMUL*IP%'C0SSI&( +SM

Term tat reers t" a #"mputer ard/are ar#ite#tureand als" t" te OS $ea5i"r tat e?pl"its tatar#ite#ture

Se5eral pr"#esses #an run in parallel

Multiple pr"#ess"rs are transparent t" te user

tese pr"#ess"rs sare same main mem"ry and I4Oa#ilities

all pr"#ess"rs #an per"rm te same un#ti"ns

Te OS takes #are " s#eduling " treads "rpr"#esses "n indi5idual pr"#ess"rs and "syn#r"ni@ati"n am"ng pr"#ess"rs


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SMP AD3A&*A(0S

Per$ormance

m"re tan "ne pr"#ess #an $erunning simultane"usly3 ea#

"n a dierent pr"#ess"r

Availability

ailure " a single pr"#essd"es n"t alt te system

Incremental

(ro-t.

per"rman#e " a system#an $e enan#ed $y adding

an additi"nal pr"#ess"r

Scaling

5end"rs #an "er a range "pr"du#ts $ased "n te num$er" pr"#ess"rs #"n-gured in te

system


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Process 6

igure !"6! Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing

Process !

Process #

+a, Interleaving +multiprogramming9 one processor,

Process 6

Process !

Process #

+b, Interleaving and overlapping +multiprocessing: t-o processors,

Bloc;ed %unning

*ime


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SISTEM TER!ISTRIBUSI

Mendistri$usikan k"mputasi pada $e$erapa pr"sess"r -sik


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STRUKTUR UMUM 2


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CLI0&*


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SISTEM TER2


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SISTEM REA


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SIS*0M 2A&D20LD =A&D%'ID 'P0%A*I&(

S5S*0M A


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APPLICA*I'&%AM0)'%>

Pr"5ides ig%le5el $uilding $l"#ks a##essi$le tr"ugstandardi@ed APILs tat pr"grammers use t" #reatene/ apps ar#ite#ture is designed t" simpliy te reuse " #"mp"nents

Key #"mp"nents,A#ti5ity

ManagerManages lie#y#le

" appli#ati"ns

Resp"nsi$le "rstarting3

st"pping3 andresuming te

5ari"usappli#ati"ns

ind"/

Manager Ca5a a$stra#ti"n" te underlyingSura#e Manager

All"/sappli#ati"ns t"de#lare teir

#lient area anduse eatures likete status $ar

Pa#kage

Manager

Installs andrem"5es

appli#ati"ns

Telep"y

Manag

All"/sintera#ti"n /p"ne3 SMS3 a

MMS ser5i#e

APPLICA*I'&


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APPLICA*I'&%AM0)'%>+C'&*",

Key #"mp"nents, 1#"nt*6

2"ntent Pr"5iders tese un#ti"ns en#apsulate appli#ati"n data tat need t" $e sared $et/een

appli#ati"ns su# as #"nta#ts

Res"ur#e Manager manages appli#ati"n res"ur#es3 su# as l"#ali@ed strings and $itmaps

;ie/ System

pr"5ides te user intera#e 1UI6 primiti5es as /ell as UI E5ents


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S5S*0M LIB%A%I0S

2"lle#ti"n " useul system un#ti"ns /ritten in 2 "r 2 anused $y 5ari"us #"mp"nents " te Andr"id system

2alled r"m te appli#ati"n rame/"rk and appli#ati"nstr"ug a Ca5a intera#e

E?p"sed t" de5el"pers tr"ug te Andr"id appli#ati"nrame/"rk

S"me " te key system li$raries in#lude, Sura#e Manager

Open(<

Media :rame/"rk

S< !ata$ase

Br"/ser Engine

Bi"ni#


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A&D%'ID %U&*IM0

E5ery Andr"id appli#ati"n runsin its "/n pr"#ess /it its "/ninstan#e " te !al5ik 5irtual

ma#ine 1!;M6 !;M e?e#utes -les in te

!al5ik E?e#uta$le 1*de?6 "rmat 2"mp"nent in#ludes a set "

#"re li$raries tat pr"5idesm"st " te un#ti"nalitya5aila$le in te #"re li$raries "te Ca5a pr"gramminglanguage

T" e?e#ute an "perati"n te!;M #alls "n te #"rresp"nding242 li$rary using te Ca5aNati5e Intera#e 1CNI6


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AC*I3I*I0S

An a#ti5ity is a single 5isual user intera#e #"mp"nenin#luding tings su# as menu sele#ti"ns3 i#"ns3 and#e#k$"?es

E5ery s#reen in an appli#ati"n is an e?tensi"n " teA#ti5ity #lass

Use ;ie/s t" "rm grapi#al user intera#es tatdisplay in"rmati"n and resp"nd t" user a#ti"ns


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P')0% MA&A(0M0&*

Alarms

Implemented in te


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UESTION)))

02 Pengenalan Sistem Operasi

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