SistemRantaiPasokAnalisis&Perancangan

TI-6134 Supply Chain System

andi cakravastia ● dept. ti itb ● andi@mail.ti.itb.ac.id

Tujuan Instruktusional Umum“ Memahami konsep dan framework sistem rantai

pasokan sebagai suatu sistem integral ”

“ Memahami dan mampu merancang, mengoperasikandan mengendalikan sistem rantai pasokan ”

“ Mampu memformulasikan permasalahan yang ada padasistem rantai pasokan dan mencari jawabnya ”

Silabus

• Konsep, framework, dan struktur rantaipasok

• Sistem perencanaandan pengendalianproduksi

• Sistem persediaan

• Sistem pembelian• Sistem pergudangan• Sistem distribusi• Sistem transportasi• Perancangan sistem

rantai pasok• Pengukuran

performansi danevaluasi

Main References1. Bowersox, Closs & Cooper:”Supply Chain Logistics

Management”, Mc. Graw Hill, New York, 20022. Stock & Lambert:”Strategic Logistics Management”,

Mc. Graw Hill, New York, 20013. Chopra & Meindl:”Supply Chain Management:

Strategy, Planning and Operation” Prentice Hall, New Yersery, 2001

4. Fogarty, D.W., Blackstone, J.H., Hoffman, T.R.:”Production and Inventory Management, 2nd edition”, South-Western Publishing Co, 1991

5. Selected books chapter and papers.

Penilaian

• Syarat Kelulusan– Absensi 80%– Berperilaku baik– Mengikuti UTS dan

UAS– Mengumpulkan semua

tugas

• Penilaian– UTS (30%)– UAS (30%)– Tugas (40%)

Logistics&SupplyChainManagementDefinitionCompetitiveEnvironmentStagingCriticalFactor

i n t r o d u c t i o n

LogisticMoller (1994): Usaha untuk memastikan ketersediaan suatu produk dalamkuantitas, kondisi dan waktu yang tepat

Logistics Council Management (1991):Proces, perencanaan, implementasi, dan pengendalianaliran serta penyimpanan produk untuk memenuhikebutuhan konsumen

Ballou (1999):Kumpulan aktivitas yang berulang pada suatu jalur tempatterjadinya perubahan bahan mentah menjadi produk sertapenambahan nilai produk dipandang dari sisi konsumen

Council of Logistic Management (1998):

Logistic management is the part of the supply chain process that plans, implement, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customer requirement

Pergeseran Fokus Logistik

Pembelian –Produksi –Penjualan

KualitasKompetisi1980

Proses BisnisWaktuGlobalisasi,

Kerjasama danTeknologi

1990

ProduksiProfitabilitasPengembanganKapital1970

DistribusiPelayananPenjualan/Pemasaran

1960

InventoriBiayaVolume Produksi1950

Fokus LogistikFokus IndustriLingkunganPeriode

Integrated Logistic

Logistics Flow

SupplierSupplier

SupplierSupplier

SupplierSupplier

DistributorDistributor

DistributorDistributor

ManufactureManufacture

CustomerCustomer

CustomerCustomer

CustomerCustomer

CustomerCustomer

CustomerCustomer

: Carrier

Logistic missions: Five Rights

• Right product• Right place• Right time• Right condition• Right cost

Production Planning Sytem

Material Requirement Planning

A technique used to determine the quantity and timing requirement of “dependent demand” materials used in the manufacturing operation

Purchased Externally

Produced in House

Sourcing ?Supplier ?Payment ?

Example of MRP System

Impact on Purchasing and Supply

• Buyer-Planner, and supplier concepts• Contract buying• Supplier flexibility and reliability• Closer relationship with supplier

Just in Time

“….. inventory is an evil !”

To minimize production and WIP inventories by providing each work center with just the quantity of materials and components needed to do a given job at the exact time they needed.

Impact on Purchasing and Supply

Whether a JIT production system works or not depends on how well purchasing does its job in selecting and managing suppliers.

Strategies:• A specific plan to reduce the number of supplier

utilized, using single and dual sources in many cases.

• Extensive use of long term contracting.

Logistic Activities• Customer service• Demand forecasting• Inventory

management• Logistic

communication• Material handling• Order processing• Packaging

• Part and service support

• Plant and warehouse site selection

• Procurement• Reverse logistic• Traffic and

transportation• Warehousing &

storage

Logistic Activities & Logistic Cost

• Place/customer service level• Inventory carrying cost• Lot quantity cost• Transportation cost• Warehousing cost• Order processing and information cost

Marketing/Logistics Management Concept

Customer Satisfaction•Suppliers

•Intermediate Customer•Final Customer

Customer Satisfaction•Suppliers

•Intermediate Customer•Final Customer

Company Profit•Max long term profitability

•Lowest cost given an acceptablelevel of customer service

Company Profit•Max long term profitability

•Lowest cost given an acceptablelevel of customer service

Integrated Effort•Product

•Price•Promotion

•Place

Integrated Effort•Product

•Price•Promotion

•Place

Interface Marketing & LogisticsProductProduct

Order Processing Information

Order Processing Information

PlacePlace

PricePrice PromotionPromotion

WarehousingWarehousing

TransportationTransportation

LotLot

InventoryInventory

Shift in rule of competitionCustomer Needs:Range of quantities increasesLead time decreasesVariety increasesNumber of required channels increasesRate of innovation increasesRequired service level increases

Uncertainties

Focus on core competence business processes

Shift fromcompany- to-company to network-to-network competition

Supply Chain ManagementTan et al (1998): Meliputi manajemen material/suplai dimulai dari bahan mentah sampaiperoduk jadi. SCM merupakan suatu filosofi manajemen yang menekankan padaperluasan aktivitas intra perusahaan dengan melibatkan partner dengan tujuan optimasidan efisiensi.Barry et al (1994): SCM bertujuan membangun kepercayaan, saling tukar menukarinformasi kebutuhan pasar, mengembangkan produk baru, dan mereduksi basis pemasok menjadi OEM dalam suatu hubungan jangka panjang.Ellram (1991): Jaringan perusahaan yang saling berinteraksi untuk mengirimkanproduk/jasa pada konsumen akhir dan menghubungkan aliran dari bahan mentah sampaipengiriman akhir.Christopher (1992): Jaringan organisasi yang saling berhubungan dan membentukaliran dari hulu sampai hilir, memiliki proses dan aktivitas yang berbeda satu sama lain dalam menghasilkan nilai produk/jasa untuk disampaikan pada konsumen akhir.Lee dan Billington (1992): Jaringan perusajaan manufaktur dan distribusi yang melakukan pengadaan bahan mentah, kemudian mengolahnya menjadi produk setengahjadi serta produk jadi dan akhirnya mendistribusikan produk tersebut kepada konsumen.Kopezak (1997): Sekelompok entitas yang didalamnya terdapat pemasok, penyedia jasalogistik, perusahaan manufaktur, distributor, dan penjual yang digunakan untukmengalirkan material, produk, dan informasi.Lee dan Ng (1997): Jaringan entitas dimulai dari pemasok dan berakhir konsumen akhiryang digunakan untuk memproduksi dan mengirimkan produk/jasa.

“……memfokuskan pada lingkunganeksternal suatu perusahaan yang dibatasisecara konvensional dalam suatu entitaslegal dan diidentifikasikan dalam bentukunit bisnis ……”

Saunders (1995)

Supply Chain Integration

Tahap Pengembangan SC

Stevens 1989

SCM Framework

Supply Chain Business Process

SCMComponents

SC Network Structure

2. What processes should be linked with each of these key

SC members

1. Who are the key supply chain members with whom to

link the processes

3. What level of integration and management should be applied for each process link