3. ParasitesJournal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 29, No. 1 (May, 1960), pp. 204-205Published by: British Ecological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2287 .

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204 A bstracts Gabbutt, P. D. (1959). The instars of the wood cricket Nemobius sylvestris (Bosc)

(Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 34, 37-43. Early instars are separated on the basis of head width measurements but the fifth and later

instars can be sexed and separated morphologically (see Gabbutt, 1959, J. A nim. Ecol. 28, 15-42).

Hickin, N. E. (1959). Larvae of the British Trichoptera the Beraeidae. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 34, 83-89.

The larvae of Beraeodes minuta, Beraea maurus, B. pullata and Ernodes articularis are described and figured, and a key is given for their separation.

Kutkuhn, J. H. (1958). Notes on the precision of numerical and volumetric estimates from small-sample concentrates. Limnol. Oceanogr. 3, 69-83.

Comparison of techniques for measurement of littoral plankton populations.

MacDonald, T. H. (1959). Identification of ammocoetes of British lampreys. Glasgow Nat. 18, 91-95.

A useful key.

Mayr, E. (1959). Trends in avian systematics. Ibis, 101, 293-301. Population and phylogenetic systematics are areas of avian systematics favourable for

active expansion.

Milne, A. (1959). The centric systematic area-sample treated as a random sample. Biometrics, 15, 270-297.

Analyses statistically and by consideration of natural samples the problem of whether or no centric systematic samples can be treated as if random, and concludes that, used intelli- gently, they may be.

Morton, J. E. & Machin, J. (1959). A key to the land snails of the Flatford area, Suffolk. Field Studies, 1, 57-71.

Keys, with very clear illustrations of critical features, to a large proportion of the British land snails. Some notes on local ecology.

Schultz, V. & Muncy, R. J. (1957). An analysis of variance applicable to transect population data. J. Wildlife Mgmt. 21, 274-278.

Statistical analysis applied to various types of line transect observations.

Woodroffe, G. E. (1959). Two forms of Coranus subapterus Degeer (Hem. Reduviidae) associated with distinct habitats. Entomologist, 92, 125-128.

Specimens from heather heath and from sand dunes showed fairly constant morphological differences. A key for their separation is included.

3. PARASITES

Clinton, E. C. Pelham- (1959). Parasites of Nothris congressariella Bruand. Ent. Rec. 71, 88.

Horogenes sp., Gelis instabilis and Apanteles sicarius were bred from larvae collected in Tresco during August 1958.

Gibson, T. E. (1959). Nematodiriasis in sheep. Agriculture, 66, 126-129. Pathogenic infestations of young lambs by Nematodirus sp. can be avoided if, for the first

8-10 weeks, lambs are grazed only on land which did not carry lambs the previous year, or treated by drugs.

Mason, J. (1958). The occurrence of Nicothoe~ astaci Audouin & Milne Edwards on Scottish lobsters. Mar. Res., No. 9, 1-8.

Estimates of infestation rates on Homarus vulgaris in relation to size of host, with a discussion of the effects on the lobsters.

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Migration, etc. 205 Mason, J. (1959). The biology of Nicothoe astaci Audouin & Milne Edwards. J. Mar.

Biol. Ass. U.K. 38, 3-16. Describes the adult male and female, breeding, life cycle and growth and the relations

between the parasite and the moulting of its lobster host.

Perkins, J. F. (1959). Idiogramma Foerster, a genus previously unrecorded from the British Isles (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Entomologist, 92, 197.

I. euyops parasitizing Xyela julii in north Sutherland.

Ring, M. (1959). Studies on the parasitic Protozoa of wild mice from Berkshire with a description of a new species of Trichomonas. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 132, 381-401.

Primarily a taxonomic study. Contains a comparison with Elton's Bagley Wood, Berkshire, lists of mouse parasites: there is little similarity.

Rowlands, W. T. (1959). Liver fluke in Wales. Agriculture, 66, 170-173. Good grazing management, especially drainage, use of molluscicides and routine dosing

can reduce fluke infestation in sheep and cattle.

Thomas, J. D. (1958). Studies on the structure, life-history and ecology of the trema- tode Phyllodistomum simile Nybelin 1926 (Gorgoderidae: Gorgoderinae) from the urinary bladder of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 130, 397-435.

Although quite widely spread among different host species in other areas, the parasite was confined to trout in the River Teify, where it was more abundant in older fish. The inter- mediate host is Sphaerium corneum.

Waterston, G. (1959). Golden eagle with tuberculosis and aspergillosis. Brit. Birds, 52, 197-198.

A golden eagle in good condition found dead in an eyrie in late April had advanced and generalized tuberculosis and aspergillosis.

4. FOOD AND FOOD HABITS

Drinnan, R. E. (1958). The winter feeding of the oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) on the edible mussel (Mytilus edulis) in the Conway estuary, North Wales. Fish. Invest. Lond. (2), 22 (4), 1-15.

The birds feed on mussels whenever they are exposed by tides both day and night. Each bird eats about its own weight of wet shellfish daily, and, at Morfa, the larger size groups of mussels are removed steadily throughout the winter. Comparisons are made with similar studies elsewhere and differences discussed.

Lasker, R. & Giese, A. C. (1956). Cellulose digestion by the silverfish, Ctenolepisma lineata. J. Exp. Biol. 33, 542-553.

Silverfish can digest cellulose with the same efficiency as a cow and can gain weight, but cellulose does not suffice as a complete diet. This ability does not depend on the presence of bacteria in the gut and the animal produces its own cellulose.

Poole, T. B. (1959). Studies on the food of Collembola in a Douglas fir plantation. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 132, 71-82.

Gut contents of larger species (Isotoma, Lepidocyrtus, Tomocerus and Isotomurus) were mainly fungus mycelium, some of which was isolated in a viable state (author suggests that the animal therefore disperses the fungi). Smaller species feed on 'humus'.

Tyler, M. J. (1958). On the diet and feeding habits of the edible frog (Rana esculenta Linnaeus). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 131, 583-595.

Stomach contents included many flower heads but the species is not very selective. Adults show cannibalistic tendencies.

5. MIGRATION, INTRODUCTIONS AND LOCAL DISTRIBUTION Allen, A. A. (1959). The Coleoptera of a suburban garden. 6-Brachelytra (Part J).

Ent. Rec. 71, 16-20, 39-44. Notes on the habitat and abundance of a further ninety-eight species. (See 1956, Ent. Rec.

68, 215-222 and abstract in 1958, J. Anim. Ecol. 27, 421.)

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