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Transcript of amali jantung
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Lab Activity 23
Cardiac Anatomy
Institut Pendidikan Guru MalaysiaPJM3106
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Cardiac Muscle Histology
Branching cells
Intercalated disc: contains
many gap junctions
connecting the adjacent cell
cytoplasm, creates a
functional syncytium
Once central nucleus
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External View
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Position in Thorax
Base: Where
the Great
Vessels enter
and exit
Apex: pointsinferiorly,
anteriorly and
to the left
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Position of HeartHint: Nipples are at the4th intercostal space
Apex at 5thintercostal space
during ventricular
systole (contraction)
Point of Maximum Impulse: PMI is the apex on surface anatomy
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Heart Wall
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Vessels
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus
Pulmonary trunk
Left
Pulmonary
Artery
Right Pulmonary
Artery (branches)
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Vessels: Posterior View
Right
Atrium
Superior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus
Inferior Vena Cava
LeftPulmonary
Artery
RightPulmonary
Artery
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Vessels
Ascending Aorta
Aortic Arch
Left Pulmonary Vein
(Right not visible)
Descending Aorta
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Vessels: Posterior View
Left
Atrium
Aortic ArchLeft Pulmonary Veins
Right Pulmonary Vein
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Valves
Right Side of Heart
Tricuspid: Between
Right Atrium and
Right Ventricle Pulmonary: Between
Right Ventricle and
Pulmonary Trunk
Left Side of Heart Mitral: Between
Left Atrium and
Left Ventricle Aortic Valve:
Between LeftVentricle and Aorta
Chordae Tendineae are only on the Tricuspid and
Mitral Valves (valves between atrium and ventricle)
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Valves
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral
Aortic (behind
the pulmonary
trunk)
Chordae tendineae
Consist of 2-3 flaps of connectivetissue covered by endothelium
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When the ventricles are relaxed (diastole), the valvesbetween the atria and ventricles are Open: Mitral and
Tricuspid
The valves leading out of the heart are
Closed: Pulmonary and Aortic valves
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When the ventricles are contracted (systole), the valvesbetween the atria and ventricles are Closed: Mitral and
Tricuspid
The valves leading out of the heart are
Open: Pulmonary and Aortic valves
C
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Fetal Circulation
Remnants
Fossa Ovalis
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C d ti
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Conduction
System
I l
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Step 1SA node activity and
atrial activation begins
Time= 0
Step 2
Stimulus spreadsacross the atrial
surfaces and reaches
the AV node
Time= 50 msec
Impulse
Conduction
I l
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Impulse
Conduction
Step 3
There is a 100-msec
delay at the AV node.Atrial contraction
begins
Time= 150 msec
I l
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Impulse
Conduction
Step 4
The impulse travels along the
interventricular septum withinthe AV bundle and the bundle
branches to the Purkinje
fibers to the papillary muscles
of the right ventricle
Time= 175 msec
I l
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Impulse
Conduction
Step 5
The impulse is distributed by
Purkinje fibers and relayedthroughout the ventricular
myocardium. Atrial
contraction is completed, and
ventricular contraction begins
Time= 225 msec
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Terminology
Systole: The contraction of the heart
muscle, especially the ventricle
Diastole: The relaxation of the heartmuscle.
Cardiac Cycle: A complete heartbeat
consisting of systole and diastole of both
atria plus systole and diastole of both
ventricles.
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Heart Sounds
One heart beat is described as lubb-dupp
S1 lubb: This is the closing of the AV
valves: Mitral and Tricuspid Marks the beginning of ventricular contraction
(beginning of systole)
S2 dupp: This is the closing of the
Pulmonary and Aortic valves
Occurs at the beginning of ventricular filling
(end of systole)
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Auscultation
The sound of the valve closing radiates in
the direction the blood is flowing.
The actual location of the valve is not thebest place to listen for it.
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