Bab 1 Pengenalan Kepada Fizik 2015

MODUL REVISI EKSPRES BERFOKUS FIZIK 2015

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BAB 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIC/PENGENALAN KEPADA FIZIK

1.2 Base Quantity and Derived quantity /Kuantiti Asas dan Kuantiti terbitan

(SPM 2007)

1. Which of the following values is equal to 470 pF?

Antara nilai berikut, yang manakah sama dengan 470 pF?

A 4.7 × 10-10 F B 4.7 × 10-7 F

C 4.7 × 102 F D 4.7 × 1011 F

Derived quantity/ Kuantiti terbitan

Formula Derived Unit/ Unit terbitan

Area/ luas

Volume/ Isipadu

Density/ ketumpatan

Velocity/ halaju

Acceleration/ pecutan

Force/ daya

Convert value to standard form/Tukarkan nilai dalam bentuk piawai

Value/Nilai Standard form/ Bentuk piawai

Value/Nilai Standard form/ Bentuk piawai

234 000 000 0.000 000 03478

500 0.1

List of prefixes/senarai imbuhan

Piko p 10-12

Nano n 10-9

Mikro µ 10-6

Mili m 10-3

Senti c 10-2

Desi d 10-1

Kilo k 103

Mega M 106

Giga G 109

Tera T 1012

Base Quantity/ Kuanti Asas

Symbol /simbol

SI Unit /Unit SI

Symbol / Simbol

Lenght/panjang

Mass/jisim

Time/masa

Current/ arus elektrik

Temperaturu/suhu


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JUJ 2007 2. A density of 1.2 g cm-3 is the same as Nilai ketumpatan 1.2 g cm-3 adalah sama dengan A. 12 kg m-3 B. 120 kg m-3 C. 1200 kg m-3 D. 12000 kg m-3 JUJ 2008 3. The power generated by a power station is 250 MW. This power is the same as Kuasa yang dijanakan oleh sebuah stesyen kuasa ia lah 250 MW. Kuasa ini sama dengan A. 2.50 x 103 W B. 2.50 x 106 W C. 2.50 x 108 W D. 2.50 x 109 W JUJ 2010 4. A capacitor is labelled 560 pF. How much is this value, in dF? Sebuah kapasitor berlabel 560 pF. Barapakah nilai tersebut dalam dF? A. 560 x 10-12

B. 560 x 10-1

C. 5.6 x 10-9

D. 5.6 x 10-8

JUJ 2012-S1 5. The power generated by a power station is 3800 MW. This power is the same as Kuasa yang dijanakan oleh sebuah stesyen kuasa ia lah 250 MW. Kuasa ini sama dengan A. 3.80 x 10-5 W B. 3.80 x 10-6 W C. 3.80 x 108 W D. 3.80 x 109 W JUJ 2012-S1 6. 900 kmh-1 is equal to 900kmh-1bersamaan dengan A. 150 ms-1

B. 250 ms-1 C. 1500 ms-1 D. 25000 ms-1 JUJ 2013 7. Which of the following measurements is the longest ? Antara ukuran berikut, yang manakah paling panjang? A. 4.50 x 103 µm C. 4.50 x 10-1 cm B. 4.50 x 102 mm D. 4.50 x 10-3 km


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1.3 Scalar and Vector Quantities/Kuantiti scalar dan Kuantiti Vektor SPM 2007 1. Which of the following quantities is a vector quantity? Antara kuantiti berikut, yang manakah kuantiti vektor? A Energy B Power Tenaga Kuasa C Force D Pressure Daya Tekanan

Physical Quantities/Kuantiti Fizik

Vector quantity

1. Meaning/maksud: A physical quantity which has ________________________ 2. Examples/Contoh _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

1. Meaning/maksud:

A physical quantity which has ________________________

2. Examples/Contoh

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________


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JUJ 2007 2. Which are the physical quantities classified correctly? Yang manakah kuantiti fizik dikelaskan dengan betul

Row Baris

Physical quantities / Kuantiti Fizik Scalar / Scalar Vector / Vektor

A Displacement Sesaran

Distance Jarak

B Velocity Halaju

Speed Laju

C Impulse Impuls

Momentum Momentum

D Electric current Arus elektrik

Electric field Medan elektrik

JUJ 2011 3. Which of the following quantities is a scalar quantity? Antara kuantiti berikut, yang manakah kuantiti scalar? A Momentum C Displacement Momentum sesaran B velocity D Pressure halaju Tekanan


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1.4 Measurement/Pengukuran SPM 2011

1. Diagram shows the position of a vernier scale

at the main scale of a vernier calipers. Rajah menunjukkan kedudukan suatu skala vernier pada skala utama sebuah arigkup vernier.

What is the value of s? Berapakah nilai s? A 0.15 cm B 0.55 cm C 0.65 cm D 0.85 cm

Positive zero error/Ralat sifar positif Negative zero error/Ralat sifar negatif

Without object/ Tanpa objek

Zero error/Ralat sifar =

Zero error/Ralat sifar =

With object/dengan objek

Main Scale/Skala Utama =

Vernier Scale/Skala Vernier =

Reading/Bacaan =

Main Scale/Skala Utama =

Vernier Scale/Skala Vernier =

Reading/Bacaan =

Bacaan Alat Actual Reading/Bacaan Sebenar

Actual Reading/Bacaan Sebenar

Zero error/ Ralat sifar:

Skala utama =

Skala vernier =

Bacaan =


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JUJ 2006 2.

Measuring tools/ Alat pengukur

Physical quantity/ Kuantiti fizik di ukur

J Length / Panjang

K Mass / Jisim

L Force / Daya

Based on the above table, What are the measuring tools represent J, K and L Berdasarkan jadual di atas, apakah alat pengukur J, K dan L ?

J K L A Vernier callipers /

angkup vernier Spring balance / Neraca spring

Ammeter/ Ammeter

B Meter rule / Pembaris meter

Level balance / neraca tuas

Spring balance / neraca spring

C Thermometer / termometer


Chemistry balance / neraca kimia

D Measuring cylinder / silinder penyukat

Micrometer screw gauge / Tolok skru mikrometer


JUJ 2006 3. The micrometer screw gauge reading in Figure 1 is Bacaan tolok skru mikrometer dalam Rajah 1 di bawah ialah

Rajah 1 A 1.20 mm B 1.20 cm C 1.70 mm D 1.70 cm

20

25

15

0 1


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JUJ 2007 4. The micrometer screw gauge reading in Figure 2 is Bacaan tolok skrew mikrometer dalam Rajah 1 ialah

A. 2.45 cm B. 2.95 cm C. 2.45 mm D. 2.95 mm JUJ 2007 5. Between the following, which is the method to reduce random error?

Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan kaedah untuk mengurangkan ralat rawak?

A. Make sure that the reading starts from the zero position Memastikan bacaan bermula dari nilai sifar B. Use an instrument which has a higher accuracy Menggunakan alat dengan kejituan yang lebih tinggi C. Repeat the measurement and then find the min value Mengulangi bacaan dan mengambil nilai purata D. Subtract zero error from the value obtained from the instrument Menolak nilai ralat sifar daripada bacaan yang diambil

0 1 2

mm

45

40

0

Figure 2 Rajah 2


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JUJ 2008 6. Figure 1a shows the reading of a mercury barometer. A little while later, the reading becomes as shown in Figure 1b. Rajah 1a menunjukkan bacaan satu barometer merkuri. Sedikit masa kemudian, bacaannya menjadi seperti dalam Rajah 1b.

mercury

761

760

cm

barometer

759 0

mercury

761

cm

barometer

759 0

760

Figure 1a / Rajah 1a Figure 1b / Rajah 1b

Which of the following is true? Antara berikut, yang manakah benar?

Barometer reading in Figure 1a Bacaan barometer dalam Rajah 1a

Change of barometer reading Perubahan bacaan barometer

A. 759.5 cm 0.7 cm

B. 759.6 cm 0.7 cm

C. 759.5 cm 0.8 cm

D. 759.6 cm 0.8 cm

JUJ 2009 7. The following are three readings, P, Q and R obtained by three different measuring instruments. Berikut adalah tiga bacaan P, Q dan R didapati dari tiga alat pengukur yang berlainan. What measuring instrument was used to measure P, Q and R? Apakah alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur P,Q dan R?

P = 1.15 mm Q = 18.9 cm R = 4.21 cm


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P Q R A Vernier calliper Micrometer screw gauge Metre rule Angkup vernier Tolok skru mikrometer Pembaris mete B Micrometer screw gauge Vernier calliper Metre rule Tolok skru mikrometer Angkup vernier Pembaris meter C Micrometer screw gauge Metre rule Vernier calliper Tolok skru mikrometer Pembaris meter Angkup vernier D Vernier calliper Metre rule Metre rule Angkup vernier Pembaris meter Pembaris meter JUJ 2011 8. Diagram 1 shows the scale of a micrometer screw gauge. Rajah 1 menunjukkan skala bagi sebuah tolok skru micrometer. Diagram 1 Rajah 1 What is the reading of the micrometer screw gauge? Berapakah bacaan bagi tolok skru micrometer itu? A 6.18 mm C 6.68 mm B 6.58 mm D 6.86 mm


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JUJ 2012-S1 9. The micrometer screw gauge reading in Diagram 1 is Bacaan tolok skrew mikrometer dalam Rajah 1 ialah

A. 4.45 mm B. 4.95 mm C. 5.45 mm D. 4.95 cm

JUJ 2012-S2 10. Diagram 4.1 shows a reading of a vernier calipers when the jaws are closed. Diagram 4.2 shows the reading of the same vernier calipers it is used to measure diameter of a cylinder. What is the diameter of the cylinder? Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan bacaan satu angkup vernier apabila rahang-rahangnya dirapatkan. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan bacaan bagi diameter satu silinder diukur menggunakan angkup vernier yang sama. Berapakah diameter sebenar silinder itu?

A. 1.11cm B. 1.15cm C. 1.19cm D. 2.10cm

2 3 4

mm

45

40

0

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1


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JUJ 2014 11. A vernier calipers is shown in diagram below. Sebuah angkup vernier ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.. The vernier calipers is used to measure the diameter of a marble . The reading produced has to be Angkup vernier itu digunakan untuk mengukur diameter sebiji guli. Bacaan yang diperolehi perlu

A subtracted by 0.07 cm . ditolak 0.07 cm

B added with 0.07 cm . ditambah 0.07 cm.

C subtracted by 0.03 cm . ditolak 0.03 cm.

D added with 0.03 cm . ditambah 0.03 cm.

JUJ 2013 12. Which of the following marks on a target board shows the most consistent result? Antara tanda-tanda di atas papan sasaran berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan keputusan yang paling persis?

A. C.

B.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1


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JUJ 2008 13. Which of the following pair of instruments would you use to measure the speed of a toy car? Antara alat-alat berikut, yang manakah akan anda gunakan untuk mengukur laju sebuah kereta mainan? A stopwatch and spring balance jam randik dan neraca spring B spring balance and micrometer neraca spring dan mikrometer C measuring tape and micrometer pita ukur dan mikrometer D stopwatch and measuring tape jam randik dan pita ukur JUJ 2008 14.

The vernier calliper reading is Bacaan angkup vernier ialah A. 0.05 cm B. 0.35 cm C. 0.55 cm D. 1.50 cm

Vernier calliper Angkup vernier

1

0 10

2 cm0


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SOALAN STRUKTUR JUJ 2007(S1) 1. Diagram 1.1 shows a measurement instrument Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebuah alat pengukur. Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 a) Name physical quantity that can be measured by the instrument in diagram 1.1. Namakan kuantiti fizik yang boleh diukur oleh alat pada Rajah 1.1. ...……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ] b) State the S.I unit for physical quantity which is measured in (a) ? Nyatakan unit S.I. bagi kuantiti fizik yang diukur di (a)? ..……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] c) What is sensitivity of the instrument in diagram 1.1? Berapakah kepekaan bagi alat pengukur pada Rajah 1.1? ..……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] d) State the function of X. Nyatakan fungsi bahagian berlabel X. ..……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]

X


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JUJ 2008 (S1) 2. Diagram 1.1 shows a pair of vernier callipers which can be used to measure the external diameter and internal diameter of a test tube. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebuah angkup vernier yang boleh digunakan untuk mengukur diameter luar dan diameter dalam suatu tabung uji. Diagram 1.1 (i) Name the part labelled Q. Namakan bahagian yang berlabel Q. .......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) What is the smallest division on scale of P? Apakah nilai satu bahagian terkecil pada skala P itu? .......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] Diagram 1.2 Diagram 1.2(a) shows the scale reading when part Q is closed. Diagram 1.2(b) shows the new position of the scale when the vernier callipers is used to measure external diameter of a test tube. Rajah 1.2(a) menunjukkan skala semasa bahagian Q dirapatkan. Rajah 1.2(b) menunjukkan kedudukan baru skala angkup vernier semasa diameter luar suatu tabung uji diukur. Apakah diameter luar tabung uji itu?

[2 marks]


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JUJ 2011(S1) 3. Diagram 1.1shows the micrometer screw gauge. Rajah 1.1 di bawah menunjukkan sebuah tolok skru mikrometer.

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 (a) Name the part labeled P. Namakan bahagian yang bertanda P. ……………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark ]

(b) Diagram 1.2(a) shows reading on the micrometer screw gauge when no measurement is made. Diagram 1.2(b) shows the reading on the micrometer screw gauge when measured the thickness of 25 sheets of papers Rajah 1.2(a) menunjukkan bacaan tolok skru mikrometer apabila tiada pengukuran dibuat Rajah 1.2(b) menunjukkan bacaan tolok skru mikrometer apabila ketebalan 25 helai kertas diukur.

P

Diagram 1.2 (a) Rajah 1.2 (a)

Diagram 1.2 (b) Rajah 1.2 (b)


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(i) Name the type of error exist on the instrument. Namakan jenis ralat yang wujud pada alat tersebut. ………………………………………………………………………………................[1 mark] (ii) Based on Diagram 1.2(a), determine the value for the error that you state in (b) (i). Berdasarkan Rajah 12.(a), tentukan nilai ralat seperti yang anda nyatakan di (b) (i). …………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark] (iii) Find the thickness of 25 sheets of the paper. Tentukan ketebalan bagi 25 helai kertas tersebut. ……………………………………………………………………………………........[1 mark] JUJ 2012 –SET2(S1) 4. Diagram 1.1 shows a micrometer screw gauge. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan tolok skru micrometer

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1

(a) State the function of part labelled Q.

Namakan bahagian yang bertanda Q.

....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

Q


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b) Diagram 1.2(a) shows reading on the micrometer screw gauge when no measurement is made. Rajah 1.2(a) menunjukkan bacaan tolok skru mikrometer apabila tiada pengukuran dibuat. Diagram 1.2(b) shows the reading on the micrometer screw gauge when measured the diameter of a steel ball Rajah 1.2(b) menunjukkan bacaan tolok skru mikrometer apabila diameter bola keluli diukur.

Diagram 1.2 (a) Diagram 1.2 (b) Rajah 1.2 (a) Rajah 1.2 (b)

i) State the sensitivity of the micrometer screw gauge.

Nyatakan sensitiviti bagi tolok skru mikrometer …………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

ii) Based on Diagram 1.2(a), determine the value for the zero error Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2 (a), tentukan nilai bagi ralat sifar …………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

iii) Based on Diagram 1.2(b) and answer in 1(b)(ii), determine the actual diameter of the steel ball Berdasarkan Rajah 12.(b) dan jawapan di 1(b)(ii), tentukan diameter yang sebenar bagi bola keluli

…………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

30

35 0 0

45

10 15


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JUJ 2013(S1) 5. Diagram 1 shows a micrometer screw gauge with zero error. Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah tolok skru micrometer yang mempunyai ralat sifar. Diagram 1 / Rajah 1 a) Based on Diagram 1, Berdasarkan Rajah 1, i) Name part X. Namakan bahagian X. ………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark ] ii) What is the function of X? Apakah fungsi X ? ……………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark ] b (i) What is the reading of zero error? Berapakah bacaan ralat sifar? ……………………. mm [1 mark ] ii) When the micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a ball bearing, the reading is 5.77 mm. What is the actual reading of the measurement? Apabila tolok skru micrometer digunakan untuk mengukur diameter sebiji bola bearing, bacaan yang diperoleh adalah 5.77 mm.Berapakah bacaan sebenar ukuran tersebut? ……………………………mm [1 mark ]

X

0

45


19

F

1.5 Scientific Investigation/Penyiasatan Saintifk SPM2006

1. Which of the following graphs obeys the equation F = kx, where k is a constant?

Antara graf berikut, yang manakah mematuhi persamaan

F = kx, dengan keadaan k ialah pemalar?

A B

C D

Diagram 1 shows an investigation about the stretching of a spring.

Babies of different masses are supported by identical springs.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu penyiasatan tentang regangan suatu spring.

Bayi yang berlainan jisim disokong oleh spring yang serupa.

Manipulated variable/ Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

Responding variable/ Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

Constant variable / Pembolehubah dimalarkan

F

x

F

X

F

X

Wire diameter/ diameter wayar, D / mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 Average/

Purata

1.55 1.55 1.53 1.54 1.56 1.54 1.545

a. Table shows readings obtained by a student. Give one reason to explain why the readings are varying. Jadual menunjukkan bacaan pelajar. Berikan satu alasan untuk menerangkan bacaan yang berbeza.

b. Why is it important to repeat the measurements/ Apakah kepentingan mengulang pengukuran?

c. What measuring instrument is used by the student/Apakah alat pengukuran tersebut?

d. Average reading shown in the table is incorrect. Why/Purata bacaan di dalam jadual adalah tidak betul. Kenapa?

e. What is the actual average reading/Apakah bacaan purata yang sebenar?

X


20

JUJ 2009(S5) 2. Based on the result of the graph in Diagram 1, it can be concluded that. Berdasarkan keputusan graf pada Rajah 1, dapat disimpulkan bahawa.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1

A v is inversely proportional to 1/t v berkadar songsang dengan 1/t B. v is directly proportional to 1/t v berkadar terus dengan 1/ t C. v is increase linearly to 1/t

v bertambah secara linear dengan 1/t D. v is decrease linearly to 1/t v berkurang secara linear dengan t JUJ 2012 SET2

3. Most experiment needs graph because… Kebanyakan eksperimen memerlukan graf kerana …

A. It is a good way to show changes between two physic quantities.

ia dapat menggambarkan perubahan di antara dua kuantiti fizik dengan baik. B. To test the ones skill to plot a graph.

menguji kebolehan seseorang memplot graf. C. Test one’s honesty to transfer data into a graph.

menguji kejujuran seseorang memindah data ke dalam graf. D. Test one’s ability to draw a large graph

menguji kemahiran seseorang melukis graf yang cukup besar.

v (ms-1)

1/t (s-1)


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JUJ 2013 4. Diagram shows the relationship between v and t.

Rajah menunjukkan hubungan antara v dan t

The relationship between v and t can be represented by the equation Hubungan v dan t diwakili oleh persamaan A. V = t + 5 B. V = t + 1 C. V = -t + 5 D. V = -t + 1

TAMAT CHAPTER 1

v

t

5

50

Bab 1 Pengenalan Kepada Fizik 2015

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