Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

download Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

of 31

Transcript of Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    1/31

    SEKTOR SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH

    BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH

    KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

    PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN

    TINGKATAN LIMA 2008

    BIOLOGI

    Kertas 2

    Dua jam tiga puluh minit

    JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

    1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian.

    Bahagian A,Bahagian Bdan Bahagian C. Jawab

    semuasoalan dalamBahagian A,satusoalan

    daripadaBahagian Bdan satusoalan dariBahagian

    C

    2. Jawapan kepadaBahagian Ahendaklah ditulis

    dalam ruang jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas

    soalan. Langkah penting dalam kerja mengira

    hendaklah ditunjukkan.

    3. Jawapan kepada Bahagian B dan Bahagian C

    hendaklah ditulis pada ruang jawapan yang

    disediakan. Anda diminta menjawab dengan lebih

    panjang untuk Bahagian B dan Bahagian C tetapi

    jawapan mestilah jelas dan logik. Dalam jawapan

    anda, persamaan, gambar rajah, jadual, graf dan cara

    lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda

    boleh digunakan.

    4. Jawapan kepada ketiga-tiga bahagian ini hendaklah

    diserahkan bersama-sama. Anda hendaklahmenyerahkan kertas tulis dan kertas graf tambahan.

    5. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yangtidakboleh

    diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan.

    Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

    Bahagian Soalan Markah

    penuh

    Markah

    dipeolehi

    A

    1 12

    2 12

    3 12

    4 12

    5 12

    B6 20

    7 20

    C8 20

    9 20

    Jumlah 100

    Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 22 halaman bercetak

    Nama:

    Tingkatan:.4551/2

    Biologi

    Kertas 2

    MEI

    2008

    2

    12 jam

    4551/2 @ 2008Hak cipta Sektor Sekolah Berasrama Penuh [Lihat sebelah

    SULIT

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    2/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    1

    Section A[60 marks]

    Answerall questions in this section

    1 Diagram 1 shows the electron micrographs of cell R and cell S obtained from

    the alimentary system of humans.

    Cell A Cell B

    Cell R Cell S

    Diagram 1

    (a)(i) Name the cells.

    Cell R : .....

    Cell S : .....

    [2 marks]

    (ii) What are the characteristics that you can use to identify the cells in(a)(i).

    Cell R : ...

    Cell S :

    [4 marks]

    1(a)(i)

    1(a)(ii)

    secretory

    vesicle

    microvilli

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    3/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    2

    (b) Table 1 shows some organelles in the cells.

    Nucleus

    Mitochondria

    Centriole

    Chloroplast

    Golgi apparatus

    Table 1

    Tick () the organelles that are found in both cells in the boxesprovided in Table 1.

    [2 marks]

    (c) Explain how a unicellular organism likeAmoebaperforms the process offood digestion and absorption of the digested food.

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    [4 marks]

    1(b)

    1(c)

    TOTAL

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    4/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    3

    2. Diagram 2.1 shows the cell cycle of an organism.

    Diagram 2.1

    (a) Name phase U in Diagram 2.1..

    U:

    [1 mark]

    (b) Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describewhat happens at sub phases X, Y and Z.

    X:

    Y:

    Z: [3 marks]

    (c) The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6.Diagram 2.2 shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.

    Diagram 2.2

    2 (a)

    2 (b)

    Mitotic cell

    division Phase U

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    5/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    4

    Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cellproduced at the end of sub-phase Q.

    [2 marks]

    ( d ) Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.

    [2 marks]

    (e)(i) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants forcommercial production. Suggest a suitable method to be used andexplain how the method named can increase the crop yield.

    [3 marks]

    (ii) State a problem that can occur when using this method..

    [1 mark]

    2 (c)

    2 (d)

    2 (e)(i)

    2 (e)(ii)

    TOTAL

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    6/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    5

    QP

    3 Diagram 3 shows the transport and exchange of respiratory gases betweenthe alveolus, blood capillary and the body cells.

    Diagram 3

    (a) (i) Based on Diagram 3, name structure X:

    [1mark]

    (ii) State the adaptations of X in order to perform the following functions:

    Facilitating the diffusion of gases:

    ........

    Transportation of oxygen to all the body cells:

    .......[2 marks]

    (b) Explain why the concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cells is alwayshigher than in the blood..

    ..

    ..[2marks]

    3 (a)(i)

    3 (a)(ii)

    3 (b)

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    7/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    6

    (c) (i) Compare the concentration of the respiratory gases in the blood vesselslabelled P and Q.

    ...

    ...[1mark]

    (ii) Describe how the following respiratory gases are transported in theblood:

    Oxygen :

    .......

    ....

    .

    Carbon dioxide :

    .

    .

    . .

    [4 marks]

    (d) A boy used to smoke cigarettes during his leisure time. Explain how his

    bad habit affects his lungs.

    ..

    .

    ....

    [2 marks]

    3 (c)(i)

    3 (c)(ii)

    3 (d)

    TOTAL

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    8/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    7

    4 Diagram 4.1 shows a closed stoma and Diagram 4.2 shows an opened stomaof the same leaf at different times of the day.

    Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2

    (a) Name the cells P and Q.

    P : .

    Q :

    [2 marks]

    (b) Statetwo characteristics of cell P which are not found in cell Q.

    ..

    .....

    ..

    [2 marks]

    (c) State what happens when the stomata are opened during the day.

    [2 marks]

    4 (a)

    4(b)

    4(c)

    P

    Q

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    9/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    8

    (d) Explain the mechanism that caused the stoma to open as shown in

    Diagram 4.2.

    ..

    [4 marks]

    (e) Explain why the stoma closes on a very hot day?

    [2marks]

    4(d)

    4(e)

    TOTAL

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    10/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    9

    5 Two individuals P and Q were given injections to acquire immunity. The levelof antibodies in the blood of individual P and Q is shown in Diagram 5.1 and5.2 respectively.

    DIAGRAM 5.1

    DIAGRAM 5.2

    (a) What is the substance injected into the blood of individual P and individual

    Q ?

    P :

    Q :

    [ 2 marks ]

    5 (a)

    1s

    injection 2nd

    injection

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    Concentration

    ofantibodiesin

    the

    blood

    (arbitraryunit)

    Immunity level

    Increaseimmediatel

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    1st

    vaccination 2nd

    vaccination Time (weeks)

    Immunity level

    Concentration

    ofantibodiesin

    the

    blood

    (arbitraryunit)

    Booster dose (2nd)stimulates a faster and

    larger lastingresponse.

    Individual P

    1st

    Injection 2nd Injection

    Time (weeks)

    Individual Q

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    11/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    10

    (b) Explain the type of immunity obtained by individual P and individual Q.

    P : ..

    ..

    Q : ..

    ..

    [ 2 marks ]

    (c) Using your biological knowledge, describe how you could save this boy.

    ...

    ...

    [ 4 marks ]

    5(b)

    5(c)

    A boy was bitten by a snake. He was unconscious

    and he was hospitalised.

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    12/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    11

    Table 5.1 shows a schedule of immunisation given for every new born

    Malaysian until the age of two.

    Age Types of Immunity

    New bornTuberculosis (B.C.G)Hepatitis B ( First dose )

    1 month Hepatitis B ( Second dose )

    3 month

    Triple Antigen

    Polio ( First dose )

    4 month

    Triple Antigen

    Polio ( Second dose )

    5 month

    Triple Antigen

    Polio ( Second dose )

    Hepatitis B ( Third dose )

    9 24 month Germans measles

    1 - 2 year

    Triple Antigen

    Polio ( Third dose )

    TABLE 5.1

    (d) Based on Table 5.1, explain why every parent must follow strictly to the

    schedule of immunization.

    ...

    [ 4 marks ]

    5(d)

    TOTAL

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    13/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    12

    SECTION B

    [40 marks]

    Answer any two questions from this section

    6. Diagram 6 shows a menu consumed by an overweight boy over a long period oftime.

    Diagram 6

    (a) State the main nutrient content in the menu he took.[2 marks]

    (b) By using two nutrients mentioned above, describe the digestive processthat occurs along his digestive tract

    [6 marks]

    (c) Explain how the digested food causes the overweight condition in thisboy.

    [5 marks]

    (d) Does the menu he took provide him a balanced diet?Explain your answer.Suggest the alternative food types that he should take to overcome

    the overweight problem.[7 marks]

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    14/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    13

    7. Diagram 7 shows the ozone layer in atmosphere that protects earth fromultraviolet rays from the sun.

    Diagram 7

    (a) What is the effect of ozone layer depletion on humans?[2 marks]

    (b) Explain how the human activities that cause ozone layer depletion.[4 marks]

    (c) Technologies are widely used to overcome the environmental relatedproblems especially air pollution. By using examples discuss thisstatement.

    [4 marks]

    (d) In undeveloped countries, there is great need to convert more forestareas into agricultural lands. Suggest how these countries can meet theirneeds and at the same time preserve the natural environment.

    [10 marks]

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    15/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    14

    8. Diagram 8.1 shows the movement of water from root to the leaves andout to the atmosphere.

    Diagram 8.1

    (a) Based on Diagram 8.1, describe the movement of water from root to theleaves.

    [10 marks]

    Transpiration

    Capillary action

    Root pressure

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    16/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    15

    b. Diagram 8.2 shows part of the blood circulatory system and the lymphaticsystem in the human body.

    Diagram 8.2

    (i) Based on diagram 8.2, state the meaning of lymph?[2 marks]

    (ii) Describe how lymph is formed from blood until it is incorporatedback into the blood circulatory system.

    [8 marks]

    Interstitial fluid

    Lymphatic capillary

    Body tissue

    Lymph vessel Lymph

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    17/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    16

    9. Diagram 9.1 shows the action of antagonistic in bending and straightening

    the fore-limb.

    Diagram 9.1

    (a) Based on diagram 9.1, describe the function of muscles, tendons and

    ligaments in enabling the bending and straightening of the human fore-

    limb

    [8 marks]

    (a) A housewife aged 55 often experiences aches and pains in her bones.

    Her doctor has told her that she is suffering from osteoporosis.

    State the symptoms of osteoporosis and suggest the ways to overcome

    this problem.

    [4 marks]

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    18/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 [ Turn over

    17

    (c). Diagram 9.2 shows a terrestrial and aquatic plants in its habitat. Both of

    these plants have certain characteristics to support in their respective

    environment.

    Diagram 9.2

    i. Explain how support in terrestrial plants is achieved through tissue

    modification.

    ii. Explain the adaptations of the aquatic plant which enable it to float on thewater surface.

    [8 marks]

    END OF QUESTIONS

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    19/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    1

    SECTION A MARK SCHEME

    QUESTION 1

    No Marking criteria Marks

    (a)(i)

    (a)(ii)

    (b)

    (c)

    Able to name the cells R and S

    R Pancreatic cell / Secretory cell of stomach/duodenum/ileum/colonS - Epithelial cell of villus.

    Able to state the reason

    Sample AnswerCell R

    many secretory vesicles

    many Golgi body

    many rough endoplasmic reticulumCell S

    numerous microvilli

    many mitochondria

    Able to indicate the correct organelles

    Nucleus

    Mitochondria

    Centriole

    Chloroplast

    Golgi apparatus

    4 correct - 2 m3-2 correct - 1m

    Able to explain digestion and absorption in Amoeba.

    F : Sample Answer

    F1 : has pseudopodia to engulf food by phagocytosis

    E1 : The food is digested by lysozymes in the food vacuole

    F2 : Food vacuole has thin membrane // large TSA/V ratioE2 : Digested food absorbed into the cell by simple diffusion

    11

    111Any 2

    11

    2

    11

    11

    2

    4

    2

    4

    Total =12

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    20/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    2

    QUESTION 2

    No Marking criteria Marks

    (a)

    (b)

    (c)

    (d)

    (e)(i)

    (e)(ii)

    Able to name the phase U.Sample answer:

    U : Interphase

    Able to describe the processes at sub phases X, Y and Z duringphase U

    Sample answer :

    X : Cell synthesises protein / new orgenelles formedY : DNA is synthesized / is replicated / 2 sister chromatids formedZ : Cell accumulates energy / synthesise energy / prepare forcell division

    Able to draw a daughter cell based on the following criteria: No. of chromosomes are haploid / 3 chromosomes

    Types of chromosomes/ non homologous

    New genetic combination

    Able to explain how radiotherapy can treat cancer.Sample answer :

    F : Radiotherapy uses radiation / high energy raysE1 : destroy the nucleus of cancerous cellsE2 : cancerous cells die / cannot divide mitotically

    E3 : cell cycle stops

    Able to name the method and explain the advantages of themethod in increasing crop yield.

    Sample answer :T : Tissue culture / CloningE1 : Large numbers of clones can be producedE2 : Within a short period of time / any timeE3 : Clones inherited good characteristics/ resistance to diseases/ fast growth rate / large fruit / good genetic traits

    Able to state one problem :Clones can be destroyed completely if they do not have theresistance to new diseases / pest.//No variation

    1

    11

    1

    111

    Any 2

    1111

    Any

    1E = 1

    1111

    T=1mAny

    2E

    Marks

    Any 1

    1

    3

    2

    2

    3

    1

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    21/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    3

    TOTAL 12

    QUESTION 3

    No Marking criteria Marks

    (a)(i)

    (a)(ii)

    (b)

    (c)(i)

    (c)(ii)

    (d)

    Able to name structure X.

    Sample answer:X : Alveolus

    Able to state the adaptation :Sample answer :

    Thin wall / wall is one cell layer thick / moist surface

    Rich network of blood capillaries

    Able to explain the statement given.Sample answer :F1 : cellular respiration occur in the body cellsE1 : Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product

    E2 : Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood to the alveoli tobe expelled.

    Able to give correct comparison.Sample answer :F : The concentration of oxygen in Q is higher than in P //theconcentration of carbon dioxide in Q is lower than P

    Able to describe the transport of respiratory gases in the blood.Sample answer :Oxygen :

    Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in the RBC to form

    oxyhaemoglobin at the alveoli Oxyhaemoglobin dissociates to release oxygen in the body

    cellsCarbon dioxide :

    CO2is transported in the blood plasma in the form of ionhydrogen carbonate / bicarbonate / carbonic acid // combineswith haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin at the bodycells.

    (hydrogen carbonate / bicarbonate / carbonic acid) is convertedback to CO2in the alveoli. // carbaminohaemoglobindissociates to release CO2.

    Able to explain the effect of the smoke on respiratory surfaceSample answer:F1 : Contain toxic substances.E.g:Tar / nicotine / benzene/ formaldehydeE1 : Carcinogenic can increase risk of lung cancerF2 : Contains harmful gases. E.g : Sulfur dioxide / Nitrogendioxide / Hydrogen cyanide / carbon monoxideE2 : corrode the surface of alveoli.F3 : Heat from the smoke

    1

    11

    111

    Any 2

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    111

    111

    3

    2

    1

    4

    2

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    22/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    4

    E3 : dries up moist surface of alveoli.Any F and E correct = 2m

    TOTAL 12

    QUESTION 4

    No Marking criteria Marks

    (a)

    (b)

    (c)

    (d)

    (e)

    Able to name cell P and Q.Sample answer:P : Guard cellQ : Epidermal cell

    Able to state two characteristic of cell P.Sample answer :

    Contains chloroplast

    Inner wall is thicker than outer wall

    Able to state what happen when the stomata are opened.Sample answer :

    F1: More water vapour can be lost from the leaves throughtranspirationF2: More carbon dioxide can diffuse into the leaves forphotosynthesisF3 : More oxygen can diffuse into the leaves for respiration.

    Able to explain the mechanism that caused the stoma to open.Sample answer :

    F 1 : During the day, light is absorb by chloroplasts in the guardcell for photosynthesisF2 : Guard cell produce glucoseF3 : Glucose provide energy for active transport of K+ ion into theguard cell.F4 : The guard cell become hypertonicF5 : Water diffuses into the guard cells by osmosis.F6 : Guard cells become turgid and bend outwards cause stomato open.Any 4

    Able to explain why the stoma closes.Sample answer :F1 : Excessive loss of water by evaporation from the guard cellsE1 : Guard cell not protected by the cuticleE2 : Guard cell become flaccid / turgor pressure reduced (causedstoma to close).

    F and any 1E correct = 2m

    11

    11

    111

    Any 2

    1

    1

    1111

    11

    1

    2

    2

    2

    4

    2

    TOTAL 12

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    23/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    5

    QUESTION 5

    No Marking criteria Marks

    (a)

    (b)

    (c)

    (d)

    Able to state the substances injected into the blood of individualP and individual Q.Sample answer:P : Dead or weakened bacteria / viruses / antigens// vaccine

    Q : Serum containing antibodies // antiserum

    Able to explain the type of immunity obtained by individual P andindividual Q.Sample answer :P : Artificial active immunity

    The body produces its own antibodies to fight againstinfections by pathogens.

    Q : Artificial passive immunityThe body receives antibodies produced from outside sources

    to fight against infections by pathogens.

    Able to describe how could save that boy.

    Sample answer :F1: Snake venom / toxin acts as antigen to our bodyF2: Injection of serum which contains instant antibodies /antiserum / anti-toxin must be given to the patient.F3: Antibody-antigen action occured very fastF4: Antitoxin/ antibody reacts with toxin / snake venom/ antigenand neutralize it / he is saved.

    Able to explain why every parent must follow strictly to theschedule of immunisation to ensure that their babies are

    immuned to these infectious diseases

    Sample answer :F1: Immunisation is given to prevent infection from pathogensthat caused diseases like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Polio,diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus. German measles ( state atleast 3 example)F2: New borns are injected with vaccines to get Artificially ActiveImmunityF3: First dose are given to induce baby lymphocytes to produceantibodies which are specific against the antigens / bacteria /virus

    F4: 2nd

    and 3rd

    dose are booster dose to increase the productionof antibodies at a faster rate.F5: Achieved immunity level // antibodies remained in the bloodfor a long time and provide permanent immunity / protect themfrom the next infection.Any 4

    1

    1

    1

    1

    11

    11

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    2

    2

    4

    4

    TOTAL 12

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    24/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    6

    SECTION BMarking scheme:

    No Item MARKING CRITERIA Mark Total Mark

    6 (a) Student is able to state main nutrient:

    Answer:1. Carbohydrate2. Protein3. Fat / lipid

    Any two

    111

    2

    6 (b) Student is able to describe the digestion of anytwonutrient from (a)

    Sample answer:

    P1 - Carbohydrate - starch in the mouth andduodenumP2 - Is hydrolysed by amylase into maltaseP3 - maltase is hydrolysed into glucose in small

    intestineor

    P! - protein is hydrolysed into polypeptide by pepsinin the stomach

    P2 - polypeptide hydrolysed into peptide by trypsinP3 - peptide hydrolyse into amino acid by erypsin in

    small intestine.or

    P1 fat/lipid emulsifier by bile (which lowers thesurface tension of the lipids and coats tiny fatdroplets)

    P2 - fat /lipid is hydrolysed by lipase in theduodenum

    P2 - to form fatty acid and glycerol.

    1

    11

    1

    11

    1

    1

    1Max 6

    6

    6 (c) Student is able to explain how the digested foodcauses the overweight condition

    Sample answer:F excess of glucose and lipid can causes

    overweight conditionE1 - excess glucose will be converted into glycogen

    and store in liver and muscleE2 excess glycogen will be converted into the lipidE3 and stored in adipose tissue under the skinE4 - excess lipid will be stored in adipose tissue

    under the skin

    1

    1

    111 5

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    25/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    7

    6 (d) Student is able to explain either the menu taken wasa balance diet and give the suggestion to overcomethe problem.

    Sample answer:F not a balance dietE1 carbohydrate from potato chips and bunE2 burger meat contains protein and fatsE3 mayonnaise and cheese contains excess fat

    and proteinE4 carbonated drink contain excess sugarE5 less vegetables and mineral ions and fibre

    Suggest to overcome problem:P1 - change the menu that have more grains,

    vegetables and fruits

    P2 - reduce fat and protein intakeP3 replace carbonate drink with juice

    1111

    11

    1

    11

    Max 7

    7

    JUMLAH 20

    7 (a) Student is able to state the effect ozone layerdepletion on human:

    Sample answer:1. increase cataracts

    2. causes mutations that can lead to skin cancer

    1

    1 2

    7 (b) Student is able to explain how human activities thatcause ozone layer depletion.

    Sample answer:F1 - Thinning of ozone layer/ formation of ozone hole

    / ozone depletion cause by CFCsE1 (the increasing levels of CFCs in the

    atmosphere due to) widely used as a coolantsin air conditioners and refrigerators

    E2 - CFCs used as propellants in aerosol canE3 - CFCs used as foaming agents in making

    Styrofoam packaging.

    1

    1

    11

    4

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    26/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    8

    7 (c) Student is able to explain how technologies areapplicable in solving environmental related problems

    Sample answer:

    F1 - Open burning of rubbish solve by usingincinerators

    E1 Less carbon dioxide emitted to atmosphereF2 Diesel engine replaced by bio ethanol / bio

    diesel fuel or unleaded fuelE2 - less carbon dioxide and harmful heavy metal

    releases to atmosphere.F3 Using solar energy instead of using

    hydrocarbon fuelE3 - Less chemical emitted to atmosphereF4 Using HCFCs instead of CFCsE4 - Ozone layer is preserve.

    1

    11

    1

    1111

    Max 44

    7 (d) Student is able to suggests how to produce enoughagriculture lands but preserve the naturalenvironment

    Sample answer:P1 - establishing a level of selective harvesting /

    logging in which only mature trees are removed,P2 small trees are preserved.P3 - establishing forest reserves to avoid the

    destruction of existing forests

    P4 - maintaining the equilibrium of the ecosystem sothat the quality of the environment is preserved.

    P5 - ensuring greater productivity from existingagricultural lands

    P6 (so as) to reduce the pressure to convert moreforests to these uses.

    P7 - by practicing crop rotation / control farmingP8 the appropriate use of fertilisersP9 - and effective drainage and irrigation.Jusfisication:

    in this way, farming can still carried out and, atthe same time, the natural environment is

    preserved.

    1

    11

    1

    1

    1

    111

    1

    10

    JUMLAH 20

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    27/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    9

    Item No MARKING CRITERIA Mark Total Mark

    8 (a) Able to describe the movement of water from root tothe leaf which aided by :

    1. Root pressure2. Capillary action3. Transpirational pull

    Sample answer:

    Root pressure

    P1: The cell sap of root hair (usually) hypertonic tothe surrounding soil solution and water diffusesinto the root by osmosis.

    P2: (As they absorb more water by osmosis), a cellsap becomes more dilute compared toneighbouring cells.

    P3: Water (therefore) moves to these adjacent cellswhich become more diluted themselves, soosmosis continues across the cortex

    P4: (At the same time), ions from the soil are activelysecreted into the xylem vessels and this causesosmotic pressure to increase

    P5: Water flows continuously into the xylem and thiscreate a pressure known as root pressure

    P6 : Root pressure gives an initial upward force towater and mineral ions in the xylem vessels

    Capillary action

    P6: Water moves up through the xylem in the stemsby capillarity (with is the upward movement of afluid in a narrow bore tube)

    P7: Capillary action is due to combined force ofcohesion (water molecule have attraction foreach other) and adhesion (water molecules areattracted to the side of the vessels)

    P8: Water molecule form a continuous water columnin the xylem vessel (due to cohesion andadhesion force enable water to move up alongthe xylem vessels)

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    Max 4

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    28/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    10

    Item No MARKING CRITERIA Mark Total Mark

    P9: (As water is pulled upwards) the cohesion ofwater which is due to hydrogen bonding holdsthe water molecule together; prevent the water

    column in the xylem breaking apart

    P10: (At the same time) the adhesion of the water tothe wall of the xylem vessel and tracheidsprevents gravity from pulling the water downthe column

    Transpirational pull

    P11: The lost of water from the mesophyll cellsduring transpiration is replaces by water whichflows in from the xylem vessels in the leaves

    P12: This creates a tension / suction force in thewater column because water has cohesiveproperties called transpiration pull

    P13: The transpiration pull draws water from thexylem in the leaves, stems and roots.

    P14: The continuous flow of water through the plantis known as the transpiration stream

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    Max 4

    Max 2

    8b (i) Able to state the meaning of lymph

    Sample answer:

    - a pale fluid within the lymphatic system- composed primarily of interstitial fluid and

    lymphocytes.

    11

    b(ii)Able to describe how lymph is formed from blooduntil it is incorporated back into the blood circulatorysystem.

    Sample Answer:

    P1:When the blood flows from arteries intocapillaries, there is higher hydrostatic pressureat the arterial end of the capillaries

    P2: (This high pressure) forces some plasma to passthrough the capillary walls into the intercellular

    1

    1

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    29/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    11

    Item No MARKING CRITERIA Mark Total Mark

    spaces (between the cells)P3: Once the fluid leaves the capillary walls, it is

    called interstitial or tissue fluid // The interstitialfluid fills the spaces between the cells and

    constantly bathes the cellsP4: 90% of the interstitial fluid diffuses back intoblood capillary

    P5: 10% of the interstitial fluid that has not beenreabsorbed into the bloodstream goes into thelymph capillaries.(Once inside the lymphcapillaries) the fluid is known as lymph.

    P6: The lymph capillaries unite to form largerlymphatic vessels.

    P7: From the lymphatic vessels, lymph eventuallypasses into one of two main channels, thethoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct.

    P8: The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from theright arm, shoulder area, and the right side ofthe head and neck.

    P9: The thoracic duct receives lymph from the left ofthe head, neck and chest, the upper limb andthe entire body below the ribs.

    P10:The thoracic duct empties its lymph into the rightsubclavian vein. Hence, lymph drains back intothe blood.

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1 Max 8

    TOTAL 20 MARKS

    Item No MARKING CRITERIA Mark Total Mark

    9a Able to describe muscles, tendon and ligament thatinvolved in bending and straightening of fore-limb

    Sample answer:

    P1: Biceps muscle is attached to the radius bytendons

    P2: When biceps muscle contractsP3: A pulling force is produced and is transferred to

    the tendonP4: Tendon pulls the radius upwardsP5: Ligaments hold the humerous to the radius-ulna

    at the elbow jointP6: Give support and strength to the bones when

    they are being pulled upwardsP7: At the same time the triseps muscle relaxesP8: Triceps muscle is connected to the ulna by

    1

    11

    11

    1

    11

    2

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    30/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

    4551/2 MAY 2008 MARKING SCHEME

    12

    tendonsP9: When triceps muscle contractsP10: Tendons pull the ulna downwardsP11: At the same time the biseps muscle relaxes

    111 Max 8

    9 (b) Able to state the symptoms and the ways to preventosteoporosis.

    Symptoms:

    - fractures of the vertebrae / wrists / hips- loss of height over time- stooped posture

    To prevent osteoporosis

    - adequate intake of calcium / phosphorus and

    vitamin D.- regular exercise- balance diet

    111

    1

    11

    2

    2

    4 marks

    c. (i)

    (ii)

    Able to explain how support in terrestrial plants isachieved through tissue modification

    Sample answer:- consists of specialised tissues such as

    schlerenchyma tissues, xylem vessels and

    tracheids- Sclerenchyma cellsare dead cells and have

    very thick wall.Provide mechanical support to the plant.

    - Xylem vessels are long, cylindricalstructures and thicken by ligninProvide mechanical support to plants

    - Tracheids are dead cells and have thickwalls.Give support to plants

    Able to explain the adaptations of the aquaticplant which enable it to float on the watersurface.

    Sample answer:

    F1 - This aquatic plant has aerenchyma tissues inthe stem and leaves.

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    4 marks

  • 7/24/2019 Biologi P2 SBP SPM Mid Year 2008

    31/31

    CONFIDENTIAL 4551/213

    E1 have large air spaces to provide buoyancy sothat the plant can float (on the surface on thewater)

    F2 - It also have a lot of fibrous roots / the roots arethick and heavily branched.

    E2 for plants stability

    F3 - The leaves have sclereidsE3 - to provide support and prevent it from

    collapsing.

    1

    111

    1 4 marks

    TOTAL 20 marks