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Igneous Rock ClassificationFelsicIntermediateMaficUltramafic

Aphanitic(fine grain)RhyoliteAndesiteBasaltConditions needed to produce ultramafic flows do not exist in nature at this time.

IntermediateDaciteDiabase

Phaneritic(coarse grain)GraniteDioriteGabbroPeridotite

GlassyObsidian

FrothyPumiceScoria

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Classification

Name of Rock Sediment Type Texture

Conglomerategravel - rounded fragments Course over 2 mm

Brecciagravel - angular fragments Course over 2 mm

SandstonesandMedium 1/16 to 2mm

SiltstonemudFine 1/256 to 1/16 mm

Shalemudvery fine less than 1/256 mm

Metamorphic Rocks Classification

Name of Rock Parent Rock TextureGrain Size Notes

SlateShale, mudstone, siltstone Foliatedvery finesmooth dull surfaces

PhylliteSlatefineglossy sheen

SchistPhyllitemedium to course micaceous minerals

GneissShist, granite, volcanic rocks medium to coursemineral banding

MarblelimestoneNonfoliatedmedium to courseInterlocking calcite or dolomite grains

Quartzitequartz sandstone medium to coursefused quartz grains

Anthracitebituminous coal fineblack, shiny, organic rock

CLASSIFICATION CHARTMetamorphic RocksMINERAL CONTENT - Examples of minerals that you might findROCK NAMEPROTOLITH (Original Rock)

---- T E X T U R E -------- F O L I A T E D ----NOT BANDEDAPHANITICVery fine-grained, SLATY texture, produces flat fragmentsMINERALS TOO SMALL TO SEESLATEShale Siltstone

Fine-grained, PHYLLITIC texture, surfaces have satiny sheen, with crenulations (small wrinkles)PHYLLITE

May appear grainyGREENSTONE (Metabasalt)Basalt

PHANERITICMedium- to coarse-grained, SCHISTOSE textureMUSCOVITE BIOTITE CHLORITE HORNBLENDE Quartz, Feldspar Garnet, Epidote Staurolite kyanite, etc.SCHISTShale Siltstone Sandstone Basalt

MAY BE BANDEDCoarse-grained, with pebbles preserved from original sedimentary rockQuartz, Feldspar Muscovite ChloriteMETA- CONGLOMERATEConglomerate

Medium- to coarse-grained with large crystals of some minerals (e.g., garnet, staurolite)Quartz, Feldspar Muscovite Biotite ChloritePORPHYROBLASTIC SCHISTSandstone Granite or other Igneous Rock

BANDEDMedium- to coarse-grained, GNEISSOSE textureQuartz, Feldspar Biotite Hornblende Muscovite ChloriteGNEISS

N O T F O L I A T E DPHANERITICCoarse-grained, with pebbles preserved from original sedimentary rockQuartz, Feldspar Muscovite ChloriteMETA- CONGLOMERATEConglomerate

APHANITIC OR PHANERITICFine- to coarse-grained, GRANOBLASTIC textureQUARTZQUARTZITEQuartz Arenite

CALCITE DOLOMITEMARBLELimestone Dolostone

APHINITICMay appear grainyMINERALS TOO SMALL TO SEEGREENSTONE (Metabasalt)Basalt

CLASSIFICATION CHARTIgneous Rocks-- MINERAL COMPOSITION

K-FELDSPAR QUARTZ +/- plagioclase biotite muscoviteNa-rich PLAGIOCLASE HORNBLENDE +/- biotite quartz augiteCa-rich PLAGIOCLASE AUGITE +/- olivine hornblendePYROXENE(S) OLIVINEOLIVINE

ROCK NAME

---- T E X T U R E -----Phaneritic (Plutonic)grains < 3 cmGRANITEDIORITEGABBROPERIDOTITE---DUNITE---

grains > 3cmPEGMATITIC GRANITErare or unknownrare or unknownrare or unknownrare or unknown

Aphanitic (volcanic)RHYOLITEANDESITEBASALTrare or unknownrare or unknown

Porphyritic (volcanic)PORPHYRITIC RHYOLITEPORPHYRITIC ANDESITEPORPHYRITIC BASALTrare or unknownrare or unknown

Glassy (volcanic)OBSIDIANrare or unknownrare or unknownrare or unknownrare or unknown

Vesicular (volcanic)PUMICE (small vesicles)rare or unknownVESICULAR BASALT (Scoria)rare or unknownrare or unknown

COLORLight Shades or red, except obsidian which is usually blackIntermediate ShadesDark-shades of green, to nearly blackLight to Intermediate green