CORAK DAN TREND MIGRASI DI MALAYSIA MIGRATION ...

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RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011 1 CORAK DAN TREND MIGRASI DI MALAYSIA MIGRATION PATTERN AND TREND IN MALAYSIA Kadar migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011 adalah 2.5 peratus iaitu sebanyak 711,600 orang telah berhijrah. Peratusan ini mencatatkan peningkatan sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus berbanding dengan kadar migrasi bagi tempoh 2009–2010 iaitu 1.9 peratus. Bilangan migran telah meningkat sebanyak 181,200 orang daripada jumlah 530,400 migran bagi tempoh sebelumnya. Migration rate for the period 2010–2011 was 2.5 per cent which was 711,600 persons. This percentage increased by 0.6 percentage point compared to 2009–2010 period which was at 1.9 per cent. The number of migrants increased by 181,200 persons from a total of 530,400 migrants for the previous period. Corak migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011 menunjukkan penduduk cenderung berhijrah dalam negeri yang sama. Sebahagian besar taburan migran terhasil daripada migran dalam negeri iaitu 59.0 peratus, diikuti migran antara negeri (27.8%) dan selebihnya 13.2 peratus daripada migran antarabangsa (tidak termasuk migran keluar dari Malaysia). Migran dalaman (migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri) mewakili 86.8 peratus daripada jumlah migran. Migration pattern for the period 2010–2011 showed that the population tend to migrate within the same state. Majority of migrants were intra-state migrants at 59.0 per cent, followed by inter-state migrants (27.8%) while the remaining 13.2 per cent are international migrants (does not include emigrant from Malaysia). Internal migrants (intra and inter- state migrants) represent 86.8 per cent of the total migrants. Carta 1: Taburan peratus penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 1: Percentage distribution of population aged 1 year and over by migration status, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 58.4% 26.3% 15.3% 98.1% Bukan migran/ Non- migrant 1.9% Migran/ Migrant 2009—2010 59.0% 27.8% 13.2% 97.5% Bukan migran/ Non- migrant 2.5% Migran/ Migrant 2010—2011 Migran dalam negeri Intra-state migrants Migran antara negeri Inter-state migrants Migran antarabangsa International migrants

Transcript of CORAK DAN TREND MIGRASI DI MALAYSIA MIGRATION ...

Page 1: CORAK DAN TREND MIGRASI DI MALAYSIA MIGRATION ...

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY FINDINGS

Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011 1

CORAK DAN TREND MIGRASI DI MALAYSIA

MIGRATION PATTERN AND TREND IN MALAYSIA

Kadar migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011 adalah 2.5 peratus iaitu sebanyak 711,600 orang telah berhijrah. Peratusan ini mencatatkan peningkatan sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus berbanding dengan kadar migrasi bagi tempoh 2009–2010 iaitu 1.9 peratus. Bilangan migran telah meningkat sebanyak 181,200 orang daripada jumlah 530,400 migran bagi tempoh sebelumnya.

Migration rate for the period 2010–2011 was 2.5 per cent which was 711,600 persons. This percentage increased by 0.6 percentage point compared to 2009–2010 period which was at 1.9 per cent. The number of migrants increased by 181,200 persons from a total of 530,400 migrants for the previous period.

Corak migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011 menunjukkan penduduk cenderung berhijrah dalam negeri yang sama. Sebahagian besar taburan migran terhasil daripada migran dalam negeri iaitu 59.0 peratus, diikuti migran antara negeri (27.8%) dan selebihnya 13.2 peratus daripada migran antarabangsa (tidak termasuk migran keluar dari Malaysia). Migran dalaman (migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri) mewakili 86.8 peratus daripada jumlah migran.

Migration pattern for the period 2010–2011 showed that the population tend to migrate within the same state. Majority of migrants were intra-state migrants at 59.0 per cent, followed by inter-state migrants (27.8%) while the remaining 13.2 per cent are international migrants (does not include emigrant from Malaysia). Internal migrants (intra and inter-state migrants) represent 86.8 per cent of the total migrants.

Carta 1: Taburan peratus penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 1: Percentage distribution of population aged 1 year and over by migration status, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

58.4%

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migrant

1.9% Migran/ Migrant

2009—2010

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97.5% Bukan

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Migran dalam negeri Intra-state migrants

Migran antara negeri Inter-state migrants

Migran antarabangsa International migrants

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Perubahan migran dalam negeri bagi tempoh 2010–2011 menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus berbanding tahun sebelumnya iaitu 58.4 peratus. Begitu juga dengan migran antara negeri meningkat sebanyak 1.5 mata peratus daripada 26.3 peratus. Namun begitu, peratusan migran antarabangsa menyusut sebanyak 2.1 mata peratus daripada 15.3 peratus (Carta 1).

The changes of intra-state migrants for the period 2010–2011 increased by 0.6 percentage point over the previous year which was 58.4 per cent. Similarly, inter-state migrants increased by 1.5 percentage point from 26.3 per cent. However, the percentage of international migrants declined by 2.1 percentage point from 15.3 per cent (Chart 1).

MIGRASI MENGIKUT NEGERI MIGRATION BY STATE Analisis migrasi peringkat negeri bagi tempoh 2010–2011 menunjukkan Pulau Pinang mencatatkan kadar migrasi tertinggi iaitu 4.4 peratus. Peratusan migrasi negeri ini meningkat sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus berbanding tahun sebelumnya. Peratusan ini disumbangkan oleh migran dalam negeri iaitu 2.7 peratus, diikuti migran antara negeri 1.2 peratus dan selebihnya migran antarabangsa 0.5 peratus.

The analysis of migration at state level for the period 2010–2011 found that Pulau Pinang recorded the highest migration rate at 4.4 per cen, a percentage increased of 0.6 points compared to the previous year. This was contributed by intra-state migrants at 2.7 per cent, followed by inter-state migrant 1.2 per cent and the rest were international migrants at 0.5 per cent.

Carta 2: Peratusan migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri destinasi dan taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 2: Percentage distribution of migrants by state of destination and migration status, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011 3

W.P. Putrajaya mencatatkan kadar migrasi kedua tertinggi sebanyak 3.8 peratus bagi tempoh 2010–2011; namun peratusan ini menurun sebanyak 0.8 mata peratus berbanding tempoh 2009–2010. Majoriti penduduk yang berhijrah ke W.P. Putrajaya adalah migran antara negeri dengan peratusan sebanyak 3.5 peratus dan migran antarabangsa pula sebanyak 0.3 peratus.

W.P. Putrajaya recorded the second highest migration rate at 3.8 per cent for the period 2010–2011; however this percentage declined by 0.8 percentage point compared to the 2009–2010 period. Majority of the migrants in W.P. Putrajaya were inter-state migrants with 3.5 per cent and international migrants at 0.3 per cent.

Sabah mencatatkan kadar migrasi ketiga tertinggi sebanyak 3.5 peratus bagi tempoh 2010–2011, peningkatan 0.3 mata peratus berbanding tempoh 2009–2010. Majoriti penduduk yang berhijrah di Sabah lebih tertumpu kepada migran dalam negeri dengan peratusan sebanyak 2.9 peratus. Manakala migran antara negeri dan migran antarabangsa pula sebanyak 0.4 dan 0.3 peratus.

Sabah recorded the third highest percentage of migration rate at 3.5 per cent for the period 2010–2011, an increase of 0.3 percentage point over the 2009–2010 period. Majority of the migrants contributed to the intra-state movement at 2.9 per cent, while the inter-state migrants and international migrants at 0.4 and 0.3 per cent.

W.P. Labuan dan W.P. Kuala Lumpur kekal mencatatkan kadar migrasi yang rendah masing-masing sebanyak 0.6 peratus dan 0.8 peratus.

W.P. Labuan and W.P. Kuala Lumpur remained as the states with the lowest migration rate at 0.6 and 0.8 per cent respectively.

Migrasi bersih Net migration Bagi tempoh 2010–2011, Selangor merupakan negeri destinasi utama migran dengan jumlah migran bersih sebanyak 17,700 orang, diikuti Pulau Pinang (8,800), Sarawak (5,500) dan Kelantan (3,200). Walaupun Pulau Pinang dan Kelantan kekal sebagai negeri penerima migran masuk bersih terbanyak, namun peratusan bagi kedua-dua negeri ini berkurangan masing-masing sebanyak 24.1 dan 58.4 mata peratus.

For the period 2010–2011, Selangor was the main migrant destination state with a total net migrant of 17,700 persons, followed by Pulau Pinang (8,800), Sarawak (5,500) and Kelantan (3,200). Although Pulau Pinang and Kelantan remained as the state with the highest net migration inflow, these two states however recorded a percentage decline by 24.1 and 58.4 percentage point.

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Tiga negeri kekal sebagai negeri penghantar utama migran iaitu W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Johor dan Kedah masing-masing mencatatkan migran bersih sebanyak 14,100, 6,700 dan 2,700 orang. Trend migrasi bagi Selangor pula telah berubah dengan drastik daripada negeri penghantar kepada negeri penerima. Ini dibuktikan dengan migrasi bersih bagi 2009–2010 iaitu migran keluar sebanyak 15,200 orang kepada migran masuk sebanyak 17,700 orang bagi tempoh 2010–2011.

Three states remained as main migrant sending states, namely W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Johor and Kedah with a record of net migrants by 14,100, 6,700 and 2,700 persons respectively. Migration trend for Selangor had changed drastically from an out-migrant to an in-migrant state. This was proven with a net outflow of 15,200 migrants in 2009–2010 as against an inflow of 17,700 persons in 2010–2011.

Sarawak juga mengalami situasi yang sama seperti Selangor di mana berubah daripada negeri penghantar kepada negeri penerima migran.

Sarawak also experienced similar situation as Selangor, which had changed from sending to receiving state.

Carta 3: Migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 3: Net migration by state, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

Beberapa negeri lain mengalami perubahan trend daripada negeri penerima migran kepada negeri penghantar iaitu Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Terengganu dan W.P. Putrajaya.

Some other states had differed in migration trend from receiving to sending migrant state namely Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Terengganu and W.P. Putrajaya.

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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011 5

Negeri Penerima Receiving State Selangor adalah negeri penerima utama migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011. W.P. Kuala Lumpur merupakan penyumbang utama migran masuk ke Selangor iaitu 17.7 peratus, diikuti Johor dan Sabah masing-masing 15.8 dan 11.5 peratus.

Selangor was the major receiving migration state for the period 2010–2011. W.P. Kuala Lumpur was the major migrant contributor at 7.7 per cent, followed by Johor and Sabah at 15.8 and 11.5 per cent respectively.

Negeri penerima kedua tertinggi ialah Pulau Pinang. Sebahagian besar migran masuk ke Pulau Pinang berasal dari negeri jiran iaitu Kedah (30.9%), Perak (17.8%) dan Perlis (9.6%). Selain dari negeri-negeri jiran ini, W.P. Kuala Lumpur (13.8%) juga penyumbang kepada migran masuk ke Pulau Pinang.

The second highest receiving state was Pulau Pinang. A large number of in migrants to Pulau Pinang came from the neighbouring states such as Kedah (30.9%), Perak (17.8%) and Perlis (9.6%). Apart from these neighbouring states, W.P. Kuala Lumpur (13.8%) also contributed to the migrants in Pulau Pinang.

Carta 4: Taburan peratus migran masuk ke Selangor dan Pulau Pinang mengikut negeri asal, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 4: Percentage distribution of in-migrants to Selangor and Pulau Pinang by state of origin, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Negeri Penghantar Sending State W.P. Kuala Lumpur adalah negeri penghantar utama migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011. Penduduk yang berhijrah keluar kebanyakkannya menuju ke negeri jiran iaitu Selangor (34.4%). Selain itu, mereka juga memilih Kelantan (9.8%) dan Pulau Pinang (9.7%) sebagai negeri destinasi.

W.P. Kuala Lumpur was the major migration sending state for the period 2010–2011. Majority of the population who moved out headed to the neighbouring state, namely Selangor (34.4%). They also chose to move to Kelantan (9.8%) and Pulau Pinang (9.7%) as a destination state.

W.P. Kuala

Lumpur 17.7%

Johor 15.8%

Sabah 11.5% Perak

11.0%

Negeri Sembilan

8.6%

Pulau Pinang 8.1%

Kedah 7.1%

Pahang 6.8%

W.P. Putrajaya

4.3%

Kelantan 3.5%

Sarawak 3.1%

Negeri- negeri lain

Others states 2.4%

SELANGOR

Kedah 30.9%

Perak 17.8% W.P. Kuala

Lumpur 13.8%

Perlis 9.6%

Johor 6.7%

Selangor 6.6%

Negeri Sembilan

5.7%

Sarawak 3.8% Pahang

2.4% Negeri-

negeri lain Others states 2.7%

PULAU PINANG

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6 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011

Johor merupakan negeri penghantar kedua tertinggi. Aliran migran keluar bagi Johor adalah sama seperti W.P. Kuala Lumpur iaitu lebih tertumpu ke Selangor (37.4%). Selain Selangor, penduduk Johor juga memilih Melaka (10.8%) dan Perak (7.1%) sebagai negeri destinasi penghijrahan.

Johor was the second highest sending state. The flow of migrants out of Johor was the same as W.P. Kuala Lumpur that is centered on Selangor (37.4%). Besides Selangor, Johor residents also chose Melaka (10.8%) and Perak (7.1%) as the migration destination states.

Carta 5: Taburan peratus migran keluar dari W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan Johor mengikut negeri destinasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 5: Percentage distribution of out-migrants from W.P. Kuala Lumpur and Johor by state of destination, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Nisbah Keberkesanan Pulau Pinang merekodkan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi tertinggi iaitu 31.4 peratus. Ini bermakna penduduk Pulau Pinang akan bertambah sebanyak 31 orang bagi setiap 100 orang yang berhijrah sama ada masuk atau keluar bagi negeri tersebut. Sebaliknya W.P. Labuan juga mencatatkan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi negatif iaitu 81.3 peratus. Ini bermakna, negeri tersebut kehilangan 81 orang bagi setiap 100 orang migran keluar atau masuk bagi negeri tersebut.

Effectiveness Ratio Pulau Pinang recorded the highest migration effectiveness ratio at 31.4 per cent. This indicated that Pulau Pinang population will gain 31 persons for every 100 interstate movement in and out of the state. In contrast, W.P. Labuan also recorded a high negative migration effectiveness ratio at 81.3 per cent. This mean that, the state lose 81 persons for every 100 interstate movemant in or out of the state.

Selangor 34.4%

Kelantan 9.8%

Pulau Pinang 9.7%

Johor 8.0%

Sabah 6.7%

Pahang 5.2%

Negeri Sembilan

4.3%

Melaka 3.3%

Terengganu 3.1%

Perak 2.6%

Kedah 9.8%

Negeri- negeri

lain Others states 3.2%

W.P. KUALA LUMPUR

Selangor 37.4%

Melaka 10.8%

Perak 7.1%

Kedah 6.9% Kelantan

6.5%

Negeri Sembilan

6.0%

Pahang 5.9%

Pulau Pinang 5.7%

Sabah 4.7%

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

3.1% Terengganu 2.9%

Sarawak 2.4%

Negeri- negeri lain

Others states 0.5%

JOHOR

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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011 7

Carta 6: Nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 6: Migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011

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8 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011

MIGRASI MENGIKUT STRATA MIGRATION BY STRATUM Bagi tempoh 2010–2011, pergerakan migran dari bandar ke bandar kekal sebagai pergerakan utama di Malaysia dengan 58.5 peratus. Peratusan ini didapati meningkat sebanyak 2.7 mata peratus berbanding tempoh 2009–2010. Sebaliknya, peratusan migran yang berhijrah dari luar bandar, sama ada ke destinasi bandar atau ke luar bandar didapati menurun dibandingkan dengan 2009–2010, iaitu masing-masing kepada 6.4 dan 10.7 peratus. Secara keseluruhannya, komposisi pergerakan penduduk mengikut arah aliran migrasi bagi tempoh 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 adalah konsisten.

For the period 2010–2011, urban to urban migration remained a major movement in Malaysia at 58.5 per cent, an increase by 2.7 percentage point as compared to 2009–2010. In contrast, the percentage of migrants who moved from rural to either rural or urban destinations declined to 6.4 and 10.7 per cent respectively, as compared to 2009–2010. Overall, the compositions of population movement by stratum were consistent for the period 2009–2010 and 2010–2011.

Carta 7: Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 7: Percentage distribution of internal migrants by stratum (migration direction), Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

CIRI-CIRI SOSIODEMOGRAFI MIGRAN

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANTS

Bagi tempoh 2010–2011, penduduk berhijrah dalam kumpulan umur 15–34 tahun mewakili lebih separuh daripada keseluruhan migran dalaman iaitu 59.9 peratus. Peratusan migran dalaman bagi perempuan dalam kumpulan umur ini adalah lebih tinggi iaitu 60.0 peratus berbanding lelaki (59.7%).

For the period 2010–2011, migration population in the 15-34 age group represented more than half of the total internal migrants at 59.9 per cent. The percentage of female internal migrants to this age group was higher i.e. 60.0 per cent compared to male (59.7%).

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Kumpulan umur ini paling cenderung berhijrah sama ada untuk melanjutkan pelajaran, mencari peluang pekerjaan atau pun mencari persekitaran baru yang lebih baik. Namun peratusan kumpulan umur ini menurun 0.2 mata peratus berbanding tempoh 2009–2010. Daripada jumlah migran (59.9%), 30.3 peratus disumbangkan oleh kumpulan umur 25–34 dan selebihnya disumbangkan oleh kumpulan umur 15–24.

This age group most likely to migrate either to further their study, find jobs or find new and better environment. However the percentage of 15–34 age group declined by 0.2 percentage point compared to the 2009–2010 period. From total migrants (59.9%), 30.3 per cent was contributed by the 25–34 age group and the rest was contributed by age group 15–24.

Kumpulan migran dalaman ketiga terbesar adalah kumpulan umur 1–14. Migran dalaman kumpulan umur ini adalah hampir sama bagi tempoh 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 iaitu 21.8 dan 21.7 peratus. Penduduk dalam kumpulan umur muda ini lazimnya masih berada di bawah tanggungjawab dan perlindungan keluarga. Oleh itu, penghijrahan mereka disebabkan oleh mengikut ahli keluarga yang berpindah kerana kerjaya atau mencari persekitaran baru.

The third largest group of internal migrant was the 1–14 age group. The internal migrant for this age group was almost the same for the period 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 with 21.8 and 21.7 per cent. Populations in this young age group are under the guardianship of the family; therefore their migrations was due to family members moving out for career or find a new environment.

Carta 8: Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 8: Percentage distribution of internal migrants by sex and age group, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

21.8

27.3

32.8

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32.8

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29.6

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31.8

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65 &

lebih/over

45—64

1—14

15—24

25—34

35—44

Perempuan Female

Lelaki Male

Jumlah Total

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RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS

10 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011

Sebanyak 3.6 peratus penduduk berumur 25–34 adalah migran dalaman. Kadar bagi kumpulan umur ini merupakan yang tertinggi berbanding dengan kumpulan umur yang lain. Perbandingan jantina pula menunjukkan kadar migrasi dalaman lelaki dan perempuan hampir sama, masing-masing 2.2 dan 2.1 peratus.

A total of 3.6 per cent of the population aged 25–34 was internal migrant. The rate of this age group was the highest compared to other age group. A comparison between sexes indicated that internal migration rate between male and female in this group was almost similar, 2.2 and 2.1 per cent respectively.

Carta 9: Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 9: Internal migration rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

CIRI-CIRI GUNA TENAGA MIGRAN CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYED

MIGRANTS Penyertaan migran dalam pasaran buruh adalah lebih tinggi berbanding bukan migran. Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh (KPTB) migran secara keseluruhan ialah 69.7 peratus, 5.5 mata peratus lebih tinggi berbanding bukan migran iaitu 64.2 peratus.

The participation of internal migrant in labour market was higher than non-migrants. Labour force participation rate (LFPR) was 69.7 per cent of overall internal migrant, 5.5 percentage point higher than non-migrants.

Analisis mengikut kumpulan umur mendapati KPTB tertinggi berada dalam kumpulan umur 25–34 (83.8%). Ini menunjukkan bahawa penghijrahan berkaitan pekerjaan berlaku mulai kumpulan umur tersebut.

The analysis by age group found that the highest LFPR for internal migrants were in the 25–34 age group (83.8%). The data illustrates that job-related migration starts in this age group.

1.8 3.1 3.8 2.0 0.9 0.3 1.9 3.3 3.4 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Jumlah/Total 1–14 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–64

Perempuan Female

Lelaki Male

Jumlah Total 2.2

Lelaki Male 2.2

Perempuan Female 2.1

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RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY FINDINGS

Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011 11

KPTB bagi migran dalaman mengikut jantina menunjukkan peratusan lebih tinggi berbanding bukan migran iaitu lelaki 86.0 peratus dan perempuan 50.4 peratus. Corak KPTB migran bagi lelaki dan perempuan ini juga menunjukkan corak yang hampir sama.

LFPR for internal migrants by sex showed the migrants was higher than non-migrants, 86.0 per cent of males and 50.4 per cent for females. LFPR migrant pattern for male and female also showed similar patterns.

SEBAB PENGHIJRAHAN REASONS FOR MIGRATION Hampir separuh daripada migran dalaman di Malaysia berhijrah kerana mengikut ahli keluarga (41.8%) bagi tempoh 2010–2011. Walaupun peratusan ini tinggi, tetapi sebab utama penghijrahan penduduk adalah kerana faktor kerjaya iaitu 21.9 peratus. Namun peratusan ini menurun sebanyak 2.5 mata peratus berbanding tahun sebelumnya. Daripada peratusan tersebut, 20.3 peratus merupakan mereka yang memulakan pekerjaan, berpindah tempat kerja serta mencari peluang pekerjaan (Carta 11).

Almost half of internal migrants in Malaysia migrated because they followed their family members (41.8%) for the 2010–2011 period. Although this percentage was high, the main reason for population migrated was career factor at 21.9 per cent. However this percentage was declined by 2.5 percentage point compared to the previous year. From this percentage, 20.3 per cent are those who started a new job, job transfer and seeking work opportunities (Chart 11).

Carta 10: Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 10: Labour force participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by sex and age group, Malaysia, 2010–2011

86.0

65.4

98.9

97.4

90.2

79.5

48.4

96.8

97.8

82.7

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Jumlah Total

15–24 25–34 35–44 45–64

LELAKI/MALE

50.4

38.7

64.9

58.4

27.8

47.7

32.9

66.7

57.1

39.1

Jumlah Total

15–24 25–34 35–44 45–64

PEREMPUAN/FEMALE

Jumlah Total

Jumlah Total

Migran dalaman Internal migrant

Bukan migran Non-migrant

KPT

B %

LF

PR

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RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS

12 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011

Faktor persekitaran turut mempengaruhi migran dalaman bagi tempoh 2010–2011 iaitu 21.3 peratus. Kenaikan 1.7 mata peratus direkodkan bagi migran dalaman yang berhijrah kerana berpindah ke rumah lain atau mencari persekitaran lebih baik. Selain daripada itu, faktor pendidikan dan perkahwinan & perceraian juga mempengaruhi penghijrahan penduduk dengan masing-masing sebanyak 6.2 dan 5.7 peratus pada tempoh yang sama.

Environmental factors also influenced the internal migrants for the period 2010–2011 by 21.3 per cent. The increase of 1.7 percentage point was recorded for internal migrants who moved to another house or to find a better environment. In addition, educational and marriage & divorce were the factors affecting migration by 6.2 and 5.7 per cent respectively in the same period.

Carta 11: Taburan peratus sebab-sebab penghijrahan penduduk, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 11: Percentage distribution of reasons for migration of population, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

41.4

24.5

19.6

4.5 5.2

4.8

2009–2010 Mengikut keluarga Follow family member

Kerjaya Work-related

Persekitaran Environment

Pendidikan Education

Perkahwinan & Perceraian Marriage &Divorce

Lain-lain Others

41.8

21.9

21.3

6.2 5.7 3.1

2010–2011

Mengikut keluarga Follow family member

Kerjaya Work-related

Perkahwinan & Perceraian Marriage & Divorce

Persekitaran Environment

Pendidikan Education

Lain-lain Others