viii

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................. xiii

INTISARI ................................................................................................................... xiv

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xv

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................. 1

B. Perumusan Masalah ........................................................................................ 3

C. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................ 3

D. Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................................... 3

BAB II. STUDI PUSTAKA

A. Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................................................................ 4

1. Uraian tentang lipid dan kolesterol ......................................................... 4

2. Dislipidemia ............................................................................................ 9

3. Terapi dislipidemia .................................................................................. 12

4. Uraian tentang ciplukan .......................................................................... 15

5. Uraian tentang infusa .............................................................................. 17

6. Metode kolorimetri .................................................................................. 18

7. Monografi bahan ..................................................................................... 19

B. Landasan Teori ............................................................................................... 20

C. Hipotesis ......................................................................................................... 21

ix

BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN

A. Bahan dan Alat ............................................................................................... 22

1. Bahan ....................................................................................................... 22

2. Alat .......................................................................................................... 22

B. Cara Penelitian ............................................................................................... 22

1. Determinasi tanaman ............................................................................... 22

2. Penentuan dosis dan pembuatan infusa herba ciplukan .......................... 22

3. Pembuatan suspensi fenofibrat pada tikus 200 g .................................... 26

4. Pembuatan larutan Na-CMC 1 % ............................................................ 26

5. Pembuatan lemak tinggi .......................................................................... 27

6. Perlakuan hewan uji ................................................................................ 27

7. Analisis kadar kolesterol darah tikus ...................................................... 28

C. Hasil Analisis Statistik ................................................................................... 29

BAB IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

A. Pembuatan Infusa Herba Ciplukan ................................................................. 31

1. Determinasi tumbuhan ciplukan.............................................................. 31

2. Pengumpulan dan pembuatan herba ciplukan ......................................... 31

3. Penyarian herba ciplukan secara infundasi ............................................. 32

B. Hasil Uji Pengaruh Pemberian Infusa Herba Ciplukan Terhadap Kadar

Kolesterol Total Dan Berat Badan Hewan Uji ............................................... 32

1. Pengaruh pemberian diet lemak tinggi terhadap peningkatan kadar

kolesterol total serum tikus ..................................................................... 34

2. Pengaruh pemberian infusa herba ciplukan terhadap penurunan kadar

kolesterol total serum tikus ..................................................................... 37

3. Pengaruh pemberian infusa herba ciplukan terhadap penurunan berat

badan tikus .............................................................................................. 43

BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

A. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................... 47

B. Saran ............................................................................................................... 47

x

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 48

LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................... 50

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Struktur kolesterol .................................................................................... 7

Gambar 2. Skema rancangan penelitian ..................................................................... 28

Gambar 3. Tumbuhan ciplukan ................................................................................. 31

Gambar 4. Grafik perubahan kadar kolesterol ........................................................... 38

Gambar 5. Grafik perkembangan berat badan hewan uji ........................................... 45

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel I. Komponen dan konsentrasi lipoprotein................................................... 4

Tabel II. Klasifikasi LDL dan HDL, kolesterol total, dan trigliserida ................... 11

Tabel III. Klasifikasi total kolesterol dan LDL kolesterol ....................................... 19

Tabel IV. Komponen dan konsentrasi pakan BR-2 ................................................. 19

Tabel V. Komponen dan konsentrasi reagen kit kolesterol ................................... 20

Tabel VI. Data rata-rata kadar kolesterol total hewan uji dan prosentase

peningkatan antara kelompok tanpa diet lemak pada hari ke-14, ke-28,

dan ke-35 dibandingkan dengan hari ke-0 .............................................. 35

Tabel VII. Data rata-rata kadar kolesterol total hewan uji hari ke-0 sebelum

mendapat perlakuan, hari ke-14, ke-28, dan ke-35 setelah

mendapatkan diet lemak tinggi serta hari ke-42 dan ke-49 setelah

perlakuan infusa herba ciplukan .............................................................. 38

Tabel VIII. Persen penurunan kadar kolesterol hewan uji setelah pemberian infusa

herba ciplukan dan pemberian fenofibrat sebagai kontrol positif

selama 14 hari.......................................................................................... 40

Tabel IX. Hasil statistik penurunan kadar kolesterol total antara hari ke-35 dan

hari ke-42 dengan menggunakan uji Tukey atara kontrol positif dengan

infusa ....................................................................................................... 41

Tabel X. Hasil statistik penurunan kadar kolesterol total antara hari ke-35 dan

hari ke-49 dengan menggunakan uji Tukey atara kontrol positif dengan

infusa ....................................................................................................... 42

Tabel XI. Nilai PKBP masing-masing kelompok ................................................... 44

xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

1. Data perubahan kadar kolesterol total hewan uji ........................................... 50

2. Data perubahan berat badan hewan uji .......................................................... 52

3. Data persen kenaikan kadar kolesterol total................................................... 53

4. Data persen penurunan kadar kolesterol total ................................................ 54

5. Analisis statistik kadar kolesterol total antara cek basal

vs perlakuan lemak tinggi .............................................................................. 55

6. Analisis statistik berat badan hewan uji antara cek basal vs hari ke-35......... 57

7. Analisis statistik penurunan kadar kolesterol total kelompok kontrol

positif hari ke-42 dan ke-49 ........................................................................... 58

8. Analisis statistik penurunan kadar kolesterol total kelompok

infusa ciplukan 2,5 % hari ke-42 dan ke-49 ................................................... 59

9. Analisis statistik penurunan kadar kolesterol total kelompok

infusa ciplukan 5 % hari ke-42 dan ke-49 ...................................................... 60

10. Analisis statistik penurunan kadar kolesterol total kelompok

infusa ciplukan 10 % hari ke-42 dan ke-49 .................................................... 61

11. Analisis statistik penurunan kadar kolesterol total kelompok

infusa ciplukan 20 % hari ke-42 dan ke-49 .................................................... 62

12. Analisis statistik penurunan kadar kolesterol total hari ke-42 ....................... 63

13. Analisis statistik penurunan kadar kolesterol total hari ke-49 ....................... 67

14. Analisis statistik perhitungan nilai PKBP ...................................................... 71

15. Surat keterangan determinasi ......................................................................... 75

16. Surat keterangan hewan uji ............................................................................ 76

17. Prosedur analisis kolesterol ............................................................................ 77

18. Foto bahan ...................................................................................................... 78