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ITEM MEANING/DEFINITION

Physics quantities A quantity that can be measured.Kuantiti yang boleh diukur

Base quantities Physical quantities that cannot be difined in term of otherphysical quantities.

Kuantiti fizik yang tidak dapat ditakrifkan

Derived quantities Physical quantities derived by combining base quantities.

This can be done by multiplication or division or both.

Kuantiti fizik yang dihasilkan daripada gabungan kuantiti asas

secara pendaraban atau pembahagian atau keduanya.

Precision /Consistency The ability to measured values remain constant throughout.

Kebolehan alat itu mengukur sesuatu kuantiti fizik denganmemberi nilai secara konsisten.

ccuracy The ability of an apparatus to give readings nearest to the

actual value.Kebolehan alat untuk mengukur kuantiti fizik yang hampirdengan nilai sebenar.

!ensitivity Ability to detect small changes in measuring physical

quantities.

Kebolehan alat mengesan perubahan kecil pada kuantiti yangdiukur.

"rrors Incorrectly reading and measurement.

Ketidakpastian dalam suatu bacaan dan pengukuran.

!ystematic errors umulative errors that can be corrected! if errors are "no#

li"e incorrect position of the $ero point and incorrect

calibration of the measuring instrument.

Ketidakpastian alatan ketika yang tidak menun#ukkan bacaan

kosong ketika bacaan skala diambil dalam membuatpengukuran.

$andom errors Arise from un"no#n and unpredictable variations in

condition! and #ill produce a difference error every time

you repeat the e%periment. They may vary from

observation to observation.

Kesilapan yang dilakukan oleh mata pemerhati semasa

mengambil bacaan

Paralla% error Is an error in reading an instrument because the observer&s

eye and the pointer are not in a line perpendicular to the

plane of the scale.

Kesilapan pengukuran semasa mengambil bacaan skala dan

kedudukan yang kurang sesuai.

&ero error The measuring instrument does not start from e%actly $ero.

T'E (I)T *+ ,E+INITI*N

P'-)I) N*TE)

'APTE *NE / INT.*,0TI*N T* P'-)I) 1

'APTE T2* / +*E AN, M*TI*N 1

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ITEM MEANING/DEFINITION

(inear motion )otion in a straight line.

*erakan mengikut satu garis lurus.

!calar quantities quantities +hich has only magnitude.

Kuantiti yang mempunyai magnitud sh#.

,ector quantities quantities +hich has both magnitude and direction.Kuantiti yang mempunyai magnitud dan arah.

,elocity -he rate of change of displacement.

Kadar perubahan sesaran.

!peed -he rate of change of distance.

Kadar perubahan #arak.

cceleration -he rate of change of velocity.

Kadar perubahan hala#u..

Distant -he total length of the path traveled.

umlah pan#ang lintasan yang dilalui.

Displacement -he distance travelled in a specific direction.

arak yang dilalui mengikut arah tertentu.

nertia -he tendency of an ob#ect to resist change to its state of motion.

!ifat semula#adi sesuatu ob#ek yang menentang perubahankepada keadaan asalnya samada pegun atau bergerak.

0irst 1e+ton2s (a+ n ob#ect at rest tends to stay at rest and a moving ob#ect tends

to continue its uniform motion +ith the same speed and in the

same direction unless being acted upon by an e%ternal force.3 menerangkan situasi inersia 4

!econd 1e+ton2 s la+ -he net force on an ob#ect is proportional to the rate of change

in momentum.

3 menerangkan situasi kadar perubahan momentum terhadap

daya 3 05ma 4 6 daya impuls.

-hird 1e+ton2s la+

3 menerangkan situasi keseimbangan daya 4

)enyatakan baha+a bagi setiap tindakan terdapat satu

tindakbalas yang mempunyai magnitude yang sama danbertindak pada arah yang bertentangan.

)omentum -he product of its mass and velocity.

7asil darab #isim dengan hala#u.

-he principle of conservation of

momentum

-he total momentum of a system is constant8 if no e%ternal

force acts on the system.

umlah momentum sebelum perlanggaran 5 umlah momentum

selepas perlanggaran.

0orce -he resistant of change to its state of motion or moves in the

ob#ect..

-indakan yang boleh mengubah keadaan rehat atau gerakansuatu #asad.

mpulsive Change in momentum.Perubahan momentum.

impulsive force -he rate of change of momentum.

Kadar perubahan momentum..

9eight -he force of gravity +hich is e%erted on it by earth.

Daya tindakan gravity ke atas suatu #asad.

)ass -he amount of matter in the ob#ect.

umlah kuantiti #irim bagi suatu #asad.

0ree fall n ob#ect falling under the force of gravity only +ithout any

e%ternal forces.

:

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!ebarang ob#ek yang #atuh disebabkan oleh daya gravity3 berlaku dalam vakum 4 tanpa sebarang daya luar.

9ork -he product of force and the displacement.

7asil darab daya dengan sesaran.

"nergy -he capacity to do +ork.

Keupayaan melakukan ker#a.

*ravitational field -he region in +hich an ob#ect e%periences a foece due togravitational attraction.

Potential energy -he energy stored in the ob#ect because of its position or its

state.

-enaga yang dipunyai oleh suatu #asad disebabkan oleh

kedudukannya.

"lastic potential energy -he energy possessed by an ob#ect due to its compressed or

rarefaction.

-enaga yang dipunyai oleh #asad yang diregangkan atau

dimampatkan.

Kinetic energy -he energy possessed by an ob#ect due to its motion

-enaga yang dipunyai oleh suatu #asad disebabkan olehgerakannya.

-he principle of conservation of energy !tate that the energy cannot be created or destroyed. t can betransformed from one form to another8 but the total energy in a

system is constant.

)enyatakan baha+a tenaga tidak boleh dicipta atau

dimusnahkan tetapi boleh berubah bentuk ke benntuk yg lain.

Po+er -he rate at +hich +ork is done or energy is transformed.

Kadar melakukan ker#a ; tenaga.

'APTE T'EE /+*E AN, PE))0E1

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IITEM MEANING/DEFINITION

Elasticity

Kekenyalan

-he property of an ob#ect that enables it to return to its original

shape and dimensions 3 sizes 4 after an applied e%ternal force is

removed.Keupayaan bahan untuk kembali ke bentuk asalnya apabila

tindakan daya regangan atau daya mampatan dialihkan.

'oo"e&s la#7ukum 7ooke !tate that the e%tension of a spring is directly proportional tothe stretching force acting on it provided the elastic limit of the

spring is not e%ceeded.

)enyatakan baha+a peman#angan spring adalah berkadar terus

dengan daya regangan yang dikenakan dengan syarat had

kekenyalan tidak dilampaui.

Pressure

-ekanan

-he force acting perpendicularly on unit area of a surface.

Daya yang bertindak secara normal pada seunit luas.

Archimedes& principle

Prinsip rchimedes

!tate that an ob#ect8 +hether completely or partially immersed

in a fluid is acted on by a buoyant force +hich is equal to the

+eight of the displaced fluid.

)enyatakan baha+a #asad yang direndam atau separa rendam

dalam bendalir akan ditindakkan oleh satu daya #ulangan ke

atas yang sama nilai dengan berat bendalir yang tersesar oleh

#asad itu.

3ernoulli&s principle

Prinsip Bernoulli!tate that the in a steady flo+ of a fluid the pressure of the fluiddecreases +hen the velocity of the fluid increases.

)enyatakan baha+a ka+asan bendalir yang bergerak denganhala#u tinggi akan menghasilkan tekanan yang lebih rendah.

Pascal principle

Prinsip Pascal!tate that in an enclosed fluid an e%ternally applied pressure istransmitted uniformly in all directions.

)enyatakan baha+a tekanan yang dikenakan pada satu titikcecair akan dipindahkan ke seluruh cecair.

'APTE +*0 / 'EAT1

=

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ITEM MEANING/DEFINITION

Temperature

!uhu

-he hotter measured on the ob#ect.

>kuran kepanasan sesuatu #asad.

'eat7aba -he one form energy +as transfer by hot ob#ect to cold ob#ect.!atu bentuk tenaga yang dipindahkan oleh #asad yang panas ke#asad yang lebih se#uk.

Thermal equilibrium

Keseimbangan termaProduce +hen the net rate of heat transfer is zero.s reached +hen the temperature of both ob#ect touched is

same.

)pecific heat capacity

)uatan haba tentu

-he quantity of heat energy required to increase the

temperatureof ' kg of the substance by '?C or ' K.

Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menaikkan suhu seunit

#isim bahan itu sebanyak ' @C atau ' K.

)pecific latent heat

7aba pendam tentu

-he quantity of heat energy required to change 'kg of the

substance from physical form to another.

-he amount of heat energy required to change the phase of 'kg

of the substance at a constant temperature.Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menggubah

' kg bahan dari satu sifat fizikal ke bentuk yang lain.

)pecific latent heat of fusion

7aba pendam tentu pelakuran

-he quantity of heat energy required to change 'kg of the

substance from a solid to a liquid +ithout a change in

temperature.

Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menggubah

' kg bahan pepe#al ke cecair pada takat lebur tanpa kenaikan

suhu.

)pecific latent heat of vaporisation

7aba pendam tentu penge+apan

-he quantity of heat energy required to change 'kg of the

substance from a liqiud to a gaseous +ithout a change intemperature.

Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menggubah' kg bahan cecair ke gas tanpa kenaikan suhu.

Penye#atan

process matter changes from liquid to gaseous at random

temperature lo+est from that the boiling point.

Proses perubahan keadaan #irim daripada cecair men#adi +ap

pada sebarang suhu ygg lebih rendah daripada takat didih

cecair itu.

3oiling

Pendidihan

process the liquid become vapour into bubble form gaseous

to all boiling point of liquid.

Proses cecair men#adi +ap dalam bentuk gelembungA

gelembung gas di keseluruhan cecair itu pada takat didih cecair

itu.

3oyle&s la#

7ukum Boyle

!tates that the pressure of a fi%ed mass of gas is inversely

proportional to its volume provided the temperature of the gas

is kept constant.

)enyatakan baha+a tekanan berkadar songsang dengan isipadubila suhu dan #isim tetap.

harles& (a#

7ukum Charles

!tates that the volume of a fi%ed mass of gas is directly

proportional to its absolute temperature provided the pressureof the gas is kept constant.

)enyatakan baha+a isipadu berkadar terus dengan suhu

mutlaknya bila tekanan dan #isim tetap.

Pressure la# !tates that the pressure of a fi%ed mass of gas is directly

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7ukum -ekanan proportional to its absolute temperature 3 in kelvin 4 provided

the volume of the gas is kept constant.

)enyatakan baha+a tekanan berkadar terus dengan suhu

mutlaknya bila ispadu dan #isim tetap.

'APTE +I4E / (IG'T1

ITEM MEANING/DEFINITION

eflected of light #aves

Pantulan cahaya

ccur +hen a light +ave propagate into the plane reflector and

it is reflection.

Berlaku apabila sinar cahaya merambat menu#u ke suatu

permukaan berkilat.dan ia di pantulkan.

eflected of light #aves

la#

7ukum pantulan cahaya

t can be seen that

ngle of incident 5 angle of reflection

-he normal line8 incident ray8 reflection ray on the same plane.

Berlaku apabila

!udut tu#u 5 sudut pantulan

*aris normal8sinar tu#u dan sinar pantulan berada pada satah

yang sama.efraction of light #aves

Pembiasan cahaya

s phenomenon +here the direction of light is changed +hen it

crosses the boundary bet+een t+o materials of different optical

densities.

Pembengkokan cahaya berlaku apabila cahaya merambat

melalui dua medium yang berlainan ketumpatan.

efraction of light #aves

la#

7ukum pembiasan3 7ukum !nell 4

!in i /sin r

1isbah sinus sudut tu#u kepada sinus sudut pembiasan.

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