Elektrokimia

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TEKNIK MENJAWAB

SOALAN-SOALAN KBAT

SPM 2015

PENTAKSIRAN DIAGNOSTIK AKADEMIK

SEKOLAH KLUSTER KECEMERLANGAN

Written by: Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh

MODUL KHAS Siri 3: Elektrokimia

Electrochemistry

Nama: ………………………………………….

Nama sekolah: ………………………………...


6.2 Sifat elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit

Properties of electrolytes and non-electrolytes

Bahan

Substance

Jenis bahan

Types of substance

Keadaan fizik

Physical states

Adakah mentol

menyala?

Are bulbs light?

Naftalena

Naphthalene

Plumbum(II) bromida

Lead(II) bromide

Natrium klorida

Sodium chloride

Elektrolisis sebatian lebur

Electrolysis of molten compounds

Eksperimen

Experiment

Pemerhatian

Observations

Persamaan kimia elektrolisis

Electrolysis chemical equation

Leburan

plumbum(II)

bromida

Molten lead(II)

bromide

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Plumbum(II)

oksida lebur

Molten lead(II)

oxide

Di anod

Anode


Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Natrium bromida

lebur

Molten sodium

bromide

Di anod

Anode


Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation


Ramalan hasil elektrolisis leburan sebatian ion

Prediction of the product electrolysis of ion compound molten

Leburan sebatian

ion

Ion compound

molten

Pemerhatian

Observation



Natrium klorida

Sodium chloride

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Plumbum(II)

oksida

Lead(II) oxide

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Kalium iodida

Potassium iodide

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Kuprum(II) klorida

Copper(II) chloride

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation


6.3 Elektrolit larutan akueus sebagai elektrod

Electrolyte of aqueous solution as electrode

Eksperimen

Experiment

Pemerhatian

Observation



Elektrolisis asid

sulfurik cair

dengan karbon

Electrolysis of

sulphate acid with

carbon

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Elektrolisis larutan

akueus kalium

iodida pekat

dengan karbon

Electrolysis of

potassium iodide aqueous solution

with carbon

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation


akueus kuprum(II)

sulfat dengan

menggunakan

karbon dan kuprum

Electrolysis of

copper(II) sulphate aqueous solution

with carbon and

copper

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation


Ramalan elektrolisis larutan akueus

Predict of electrolysis aqueous solutions

Eksperimen

Experiment

Pemerhatian

Observation


kalium iodida cair

Potassium iodide

electrolysis

solutions

Di anod

Anode


Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode


Reaction equation


kuprum(II) klorida

cair

Copper(II) chloride

electrolysis

solutions

Di anod

Anode


Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode


Reaction equation

6.4 Proses Elektrolisis Dalam Industri

Process of Electrolysis in Industry

Pengekstraktan logam

Extraction of metals

Pengekstraktan

logam

Extraction of

metals

Pemerhatian

Observation

Tindak balas keseluruhan

The overall reaction

Logam aluminium

Aluminum metals

Di anod

Anode

Di katod

Cathode

Logam natrium

Sodium metals

Di anod

Anode

Di katod

Cathode


Penulenan logam dan Penyaduran logam

Purification of metals and electroplating of metals

Eksperimen

Experiment

Pemerhatian

Observation

Kesimpulan

Conclusion

Logam kuprum

ditulenkan melalui

proses elektrolit

Copper metal

purred by

electrolysis process

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Proses penyaduran

berlaku antara sudu

besi dengan

kuprum

Electroplating

process occur

between iron spoon

and copper

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

6.5 Perbezaan Sel Elektrolisis dengan Sel Kimia

Comparison between an Electrolytic Cell and Voltaic Cell

Perbandingan

Comparison

Pemerhatian

Observation



Sel Elektrolisis

Elektrolisis leburan

plumbum(II)

bromida

Electrolysis Cell

Melton lead(II)

bromide

electrolysis

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Sel Kimia

Sel Daniell

Chemical Cell

Danielle Cell

Di anod

Anode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation

Di katod

Cathode

Persamaan tindak

balas

Reaction equation


Bahagian A

Section A

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas elektrolisis larutan akueus kuprum(II) klorida pekat dengan

menggunakan rod graf sebagai elektrod.

Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up the electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) chloride concentrated

using a graph as an electrode rod.

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1

Di elektrod P, satu gas terbebas. Gas yang terhasil di elektrod P dialirkan melalui larutan natrium iodida.

At electrode P, the gas is released. The gas produced at the electrode P is passed through a solution of

sodium iodide.

(a)(i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektrolisis?

What is meant by electrolysis?

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Tulis semua formula bagi ion-ion yang hadir dalam kuprum(II) klorida yang terbentuk di katod.

Write all formulas for ions present in copper (II) chloride formed at cathode.

[2 markah / 2 marks]

(b)(i) Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang diperoleh di elektrod Q.

State one observation obtained at electrode Q.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Tulis persamaan ion bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod Q.

Write the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs at electrodes Q.

[1 markah / 1 mark]


(c)(i) Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang diperoleh di tabung uji R.

State one observation obtained in the test tube R.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Jelaskan satu ujian untuk mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk di tabung uji R.

Explain one test to verify the product formed in test tube R.


(d)(i) Namakan satu bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan elektrod karbon bagi

eksperimen menghasilkan keputusan yang sama.

Name one substance that can be used to replace carbon electrode for experiments with similar

results.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Nyatakan satu kegunaan natrium klorida dalam industri.

State one uses of sodium chloride in the industry.

[1 markah / 1 mark]


2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kalium 1.0 mol dm-3

menggunakan elektrod karbon.

Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the electrolysis of 1.0 mole dm-3

potassium

iodide solution using carbon electrodes.

Rajah 2 / Diagram 2

(a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektrolit?

What is meant by electrolyte?

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(b) Tulis formula semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan kalium.

Write the ionic formulae for all ions present in potassium iodide solution.

[1 markah /1 mark]

(c)(i)Namakan ion-ion yang tertarik ke anod.

Name the ions attracted to the anode.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii)Tulis persamaan setengah bagi ion yang didiscas di anod.

Write the half equation for the ion discharged at the anode.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(d)(i) Nyatakan pemerhatian di elektrod R.

State the observation at electrode R.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Terangkan jawapan anda di (d)(i).

Explain your answer in (d)(i).


Karbon T

Carbon T

Karbon R

Carbon R

Larutan kalium iodida

1.0 mol dm-3

1.0 mol dm-3

potassium

iodide solution


(e) Dalam eksperimen yang lain, larutan kalium 1.0 mol dm-3

digantikan dengan larutan kalium 0.001

mol dm-3

.

In another experiment, 1.0 mol dm-3

potassium iodide solution is replaced with 0.001 mol dm-3

potassium iodide solution.

(i) Namakan gas yang terbebas di anod.

Name the gas released at the anode.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Isi padu gas yang terkumpul di anod ialah 24.0 cm3 pada keadaan bilik.

Hitung bilangan molekul gas yang terkumpul.

[Pemalar Avogadro: 6.02 X 1023

mol-1

; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

The volume of gas collected at anode is 24.0 cm3 at room condition.

Calculate the number of molecules of gas collected.

[Avogadro’s constant: 6.02 X 1023

mole-1

; 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition]



3. Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua set elektrolisis dengan elektrolit yang

berlainan.

Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show the apparatus set-up for two electrolytic cells with different

electrolytes.

(a) Nyatakan maksud elektrolit

State the meaning of electrolyte.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(b) Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1,

Based on Diagram 3.1,

(i) Mengapa mentol itu menyala apabila leburan plumbum(II) bromida digunakan sebagai elektrolit?

Why does the bulb light up when lead(II) bromine is used as electrolyte?

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Tulis semua formula bagi ion-ion yang hadir dalam plumbum(II) bromida.

Write the formulae for the ions present in lead(II) bromine.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(iii)Nyatakan pemerhatian pada katod.

State the observation at cathode.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(iv)Tulis setengah persamaan pada katod.

Write the half equation at cathode.

[1 markah / 1mark]

SPM ‘14

Rajah 3.1 / Diagram 3.1 Rajah 3.2 / Diagram 3.2


(e) Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2,

Based on Diagram 3.2,

(i) Nyatakan elektrod manakah adalah anod.

State which electrode is anode.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Nyatakan pemerhatian pada anod.

State the observation at the anode.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(iii) Tulis setengah persamaan pada anod.

Write the half equation at the anode.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(d) Dalam Rajah 3.2, anod karbon digantikan dengan kuprum dan elektrolisis dijalankan selama 20 minit.

Nyatakan pemerhatian di anod. Beri satu sebab.

In Diagram 3.2, carbon anode is replaces with copper and electrolysis is carried out for 20 minutes.

State the observation at the anode. Give one reason.



Bahagian B

Section B

1(a) Rajah 1 menunjukkan bagaimana aluminium diekstrak menggunakan proses elektrolisis.

Diagram 1 shows how aluminum is extracted using the process of electrolysis.

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1

(i) Nyatakan maksud bagi pengekstrakan logam?

What is meant by the extraction of metals?

(ii) Tentukan cas yang bertanda X dan Y.

Determine the charge labeled X and Y.

(iii) Tulis setengah persamaan yang terhasil di X dan di Y.

Write the half equation producted in X and Y.

(iv) Jelaskan jawapan anda di (a)(iii).

Explain your answer in (a)(iii).

(v) Tulis satu persamaan lengkap bagi (a)(iv).

Write the complete equation in (a)(iv).

(vi) Tentukan suhu yang diperlukan semasa proses peleburan kriolit.

Determine the required temperature during the melting cryolite process.

(vii) Nyatakan dua kaedah yang digunakan dalam pengekstrakan logam di bidang industri.

State two methods used in the metal extraction industry.

(ix) Namakan dua logam lain yang diekstrak menggunakan proses elektrolisis seperti di atas?

Name two other metals extracted using electrolysis process as above?


(b) Selain pengekstrakan logam aluminium, logam natrium juga diekstrakkan melalui elektrolisis leburan

natrium klorida.

Apart from the extraction of aluminum metal, sodium metal is extracted by electrolysis of molten

sodium chloride.

(i) Tulis setengah persamaan yang terhasil di anod dan di katod.

Write the half equation produced at anode and cathode.

(ii) Lukiskan satu susunan radas berlabel bagi pengekstrakan logam natrium.

Draw one labelled apparatus for the extraction of sodium metal.


X

Y

Elektrokimia

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