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Format & Panduan

Disediakan Oleh: Hj. Zamidi Ismail

Gaya APA

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Kenapa APA?

Sistem rujukan APA telah

dibangunkan oleh American

Psychological Association untukmenyeragamkan gaya penulisan

supaya mudah difahami dan tidak

mengelirukan

Sistem APA juga digunakan bagi memberipenghargaan kepada pengarang asal

10. Petikan dari Sumber Rujukan

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11. Cara membuat petikan APA

Menurut Yager (1999), pengurusan masa ….

Pelajar Jarak Jauh dan Terbuka mesti belajar mengurus masa …. (Yager, 1999)

Yager, J. (1999). Creative time management for thenew millennium. (2nd ed.). Stamford, USA:

Hannacroix Creek Books

11.1. Petikan dari seorang pengarang

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Ferrell, O.C. & Hirt, G. (2003). Business – A

changing world . (4th ed.). New York, USA :

McGraw-Hill

Robbins, S. & Coulter, M. (2002). Management .

(7th ed.). New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall

Menurut Robbins dan Coulter (2002), pengurusan hariini ……..

Peranan pengurusan …………… (Ferrell & Hirt, 2003;

Robbins & Coulter, 2002).

11.2. Petikan dari dua orang pengarang

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Reviews of research on religion and health haveconcluded that at least some types of religious

behaviors are related to higher levels of physical

and mental health (Payne, Bergin, Bielema &

Jenkins, 1991).

Payne et al. (1991) showed that ...

When a source that has three, four, or five authorsis cited, all authors are included the first time the

source is cited. When that source is cited again, the

first author's surname and "et al." are used.

11.3. Petikan dari tiga orang pengarang atau lebih

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Grayson (as cited in Murzynski & Degelman, 1996)

identified four components of body language that

were related to judgments of vulnerability.

Apabila petikan diambil secara

langsung dari sumber asal namapengarang, tahun dan mukasurat

mesti disebut dalam petikan

11.4. Hanya buat petikan dari sumber yang telah

dibaca

11.5. Petikan dari kata asal

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Citing Quotation cont..:

A quotation of fewer than 40words should be enclosed in

double quotation marks and

should be incorporated into

the formal structure of the

sentence.

Patients receiving prayer had "less congestive

heart failure, required less diuretic and antibiotictherapy, had fewer episodes of pneumonia, had

fewer cardiac arrests, and were less frequently

incubated and ventilated" (Byrd, 1988, p. 829).

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Cloke, K. & Goldsmith, J. (1997). Thank God it's

Monday: 14 values we need to humanize the way

we work . Toronto: Irwin Professional Publishing

Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J., Warkentin, M. &

Chung, H. M. (2006). Electronic commerce. A

managerial perspective. New Jersey: Prentice

Hall

Citation from Printed Books:

Fred, D. (2004). Strategic management . (10th ed.)

New Jersey: Prentice Hall

11.6. Lain-lain contoh Petikan

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Citation from Books from database:

Yager, J. (1999). Creative time management for the new

millennium. (2nd. ed.). Stamford: Hannacroix CreekBooks. In Books24X7 (OUM Digital Collection)

Citation from Journal:

Malouf, D. (1995). The seven deadly sins of speakers. Training & Development, 49 , 13-15.

Citation from Journal from database:

Hien, D., & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the

drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of

Interpersonal Violence, 15, 503-522. In ProQuest

(OUM Digital Collection)

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Citation from Corporate Authors:

American Psychological Association (APA). (1992).

Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologists, 47 , 1597-1611

Marzuki, N. (2002). Look East to Japan. JapanEconomic Foundation. Retrieved: December 28,

2003 from

http://211.128.99.155/en/jti/200211_015.html

Citation of articles from the website:

Nielsen, M. E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of

religion. Retrieved: August 3, 2001

from http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.htm

Citation of articles from the website without date:

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Kassim, A. (1995a). From neglect to legalisation:

The changing state response to the inflow of illegal

labour into Malaysia. Paper read at the conference

on globalisation: Local challenges and responses,

organised by the Malaysian Social Science

Association at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang,

19 –21 January.

Citation of articles from the same year

Kassim, A. (1995b). Recruitment and employment

of foreign workers in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur:

Pelanduk Publications.

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12

Woolfolk-Hoy, A., & Weinstein, C. S. (2006). Student and teacher

perspectives on classroom management. In C. Evertson, & C. S. Weinstein

(Eds.), Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and

contemporary issues (pp. 181 –219). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum

Associates.

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