• Pastikan tulisan sentiasa kemas dan mudah dibaca

• Potong perkataan yang tersalah tulis SEKALI SAHAJA (sekiranya anda menggunakan pen)

• Jika diminta untuk melakar graf atau gambarajah, sila gunakan pensil.

• Ayat jangan meleret-leret dan menyalin sebahagian besar daripada soalan.

Contoh: Apakah yang berlaku kepada akar tumbuhan dalam rajah di atas selepas beberapa hari?

Jawapan kurang baik: Selepas beberapa hari, akar tumbuhan dalam rajah di atas akan menunjukkan sifat hidrotropisme positif.

Jawapan yang tepat dan padat:Akar tersebut akan menunjukkan sifat hidrotropisme positif.

Elakkan menggunakan simbol kecuali apabila diminta

contoh: Nyatakan formula bagi Hukum Ohm.

Jawapan kurang baik: R= V/I

Jawapan yang tepat dan padat: Resistance= Voltage/ Current

Elakkan menggunakan simbol bagi atom atau molekul kimia. Ini kerana, ramai pelajar yang menggunakan simbol yang salah. Contoh: Simbol Gas Karbon dioksida dan molekul air

Co2co2

CO 2

h2oH2OH2O

• Soalan No. 7 biasanya bertujuan untuk menguji kemahiran pelajar untuk mengenalpasti ciri-ciri yang ada pada gambarajah yang disediakan dan kemudiannya membuat pengelasan terhadap gambarajah yang sama.

• Untuk mengenalpasti ciri-ciri, pelajar hanyalah perlu menyatakan apa sahaja ciri-ciri relevan yang jelas kelihatan pada gambarajah SAHAJA, bukan ciri-ciri yang diketahui tetapi tidak wujud dlm gambarajah.

Contohnya:

Nyatakan satu ciri bagi haiwan di atas.

Jawapan yang kurang tepat: Berdarah sejuk(walaupun pernyataan ini benar, tetapi ia TIDAK

ditunjukkan dalam gambarajah di atas!)

Jawapan yang sesuai: Mempunyai dua pasang kaki @ penglihatan monokular @ bermuncung tirus @ bergigi tajam

• Jika soalan meminta pelajar untuk melabel gambarajah, pastikan anda lukis garisan yang lurus (tidak membengkok atau melengkung). Oleh itu gunakan pembaris.

• Pastikan hujung garisan itu kena tepat pada bahagian yang dikehendaki. Jika anda perlu melabel lebih daripada satu bahagian, pastikan setiap garisan itu tidak bertindan antara satu sama lain.

• Pastikan juga kehendak soalan sebenar. Adakah ia mahukan anda menulis nama bahagian tersebut atau sekadar menulis simbol yang diberi. Kecuaian memahami kehendak soalan hanya akan menyebabkan anda RUGI PADA TEMPAT YANG TIDAK SEPATUTNYA!!

Kenalpasti kehendak soalan:• Menyenaraikan ciri-ciri (characteristic)• Menyatakan sebab atau alasan (give reason/ why)• Menerangkan pernyataan (state/ give detail/ describe/ explain)• Menyenaraikan contoh2 (give examples)• Menyatakan definisi (define/ give meaning)• Menyatakan lokasi (where/ define location)• Menyatakan proses (how)• Menyatakan fungsi (give function)• Menyatakan pemerhatian (state observation)• Beri cadangan (give suggestion/ state other ways to ...)• Membanding (compare and contrast)• Menyatakan jenis (define type)• Membuat pengiraan (show calculation)• Menyatakan perkaitan (state relationship)• Membuat andaian (give prediction)

1. From the graph:

2. From the table:

Y-axis

X-axis

HOT TOPICS FOR 2011 (PAPER 2)• Unicellular and multicellular cell• Type of matter, compound, mixture & element,

metal & non-metal• Conduction, Radiation • Water , Electrolysis, Freezing point• Reproduction, Fertilisation, Menstruation, Pregnancy• Growth, Nutrient• Transformer , NGN, Generator•  Sources of Energy, Renewable & Non renewable

energy•  Nutrition, Food test• Solution and Solubility• Types of forces and friction• Land Resources-Calcium Compounds

Amoeba Mucor Paramecium

Chlamydomonas HydraSpirogyra

Consist of one cell

Consist of one cell

Consist of one cell

Consist of many cells

Consist of many cells

Consist of many cells

Consist of one cell Consist of many cells

AmoebaParameciumChlamydomonas

Mucor HydraSpirogyra

Types of matterMatter :

The substances which is has mass and occupied space

Element/ Compound / MixtureElement-One type of atoms-Example: Oxygen gas, Hydrogen gas, Metal

Compound -More than one type of atoms-Have chemical bond-Example: Carbon dioxide, water molecule

Mixture-More than one type of atoms-Mix as physically-Example: Air, Oil with water

Solid Liquid Gas

The arrangement of particles in matter

The movement of particles in matter

Method of Heat transfer[Conduction-Convection-Radiation]

A B

WATERPhysical characteristics of pure water

• Water can exist in 3 states : Solid, liquid, gas• Colourless, tasteless, odourless• Freezing point of pure water : 0oC• Boiling point of pure water : 100oC• Density of pure water : 1 g/cm3

Physical characteristics of impure water

•Freezing point of impure water : Less than 0oC• Boiling point of impure water : More than 100oC• Density of impure water : More than1 g/cm3

ELECTROLYSIS

Anode Cathode

Water+

Acid

HydrogenOxygen

1. Identify the electrode X and Y:

Electrode X :Electrode Y :

2. Identify the Gas P and Q:

Gas P :Gas Q :

AnodeCathode

Hydrogen gasOxygen gas

3. Suggest a way to identify the gas collected in the electrolysis process

Gas P :

Gas Q :

Test with burning wooden splinter. Produce “pop” sound

Test with glowing wooden splinter. Glowing wooden splinter will be light up.

** oxygen support for combustion

4. State the expected ratio of the volume of the gas collected in test tube Q to the volume of the gas collected in test tube P.

2 Hydrogen : 1 Oxygen

** Molecule formula for water is H2O : have 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

Reproduction

Scrotum

Testis

Sperm duct

Prostate gland

Urethra

Penis

Seminal vesicle

Vagina

Ovary

Fallopian tube

Uterus

Cervix

Menstrual Cycle

GROWTH

FORMULA !

NATIONAL GRID NETWORK

POWER STATION

TRANSFORMERSTATION

NATIONAL GRIDNETWORK

SWITCH ZONE

MAIN SUBSTATION

BRANCH SUBSTATION

HOUSE / OFFICE /INDUSTRY

Types of generator

• Thermal• Hydroelectric

• Diesel• Nuclear

• Gas turbine

All electrical energy generators use the same principle of generation:• The turbine is rotated.• The turbine turns the dynamo that is

connected to it. The dynamo has a wire coil placed in between a magnet. The wire coil cuts across the magnetic.

• Electric current is produced.

Energy:

RENEWABLE

• Wind• Solar• Hydro• Geothermal• Tidal• biomass

NON RENEWABLE

• Nuclear energy• Fossil Fuel:

- petroleum- natural gas- coal

The nutrients we obtain from our food helps us remain healthy and are used to build new cells for growth, supply energy, maintain healthy and to replace damage cells.

CLASSES OF FOOD

Proteins Carbohydrates Vitamins Fats

Fiber Minerals Water

Food Tests Results

Starch Put a few drops of iodine on starchy foodA blue black color is formed if the substances contains starch

GlucoseA few drops of Benedict’s solution or Fehling’s solution and the food substances are heated in a water bath

A brick red precipitate is form if the food substances contains glucose

ProteinA few of Million’s reagent and the food substances are heated in a water bath

A red precipitate is formed if the food substances contains protein

Fats Rub the food substances on a filter paperA translucent grease mark is formed if the food contains fat.

FOOD TEST

SOLUTION AND SOLUBILITY

Factors that affecting the rate of dissolving:1.Size of solute particles2.Rate of stirring3.Temperature of solvent4.Volume of solvent

CALCIUM CARBONATE

That’s allMay all of you will be success

Good luck for your PMR

=thank you=