Intervensi Keperawatan Nanda Nic Noc
Transcript of Intervensi Keperawatan Nanda Nic Noc
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Intervensi Keperawatan :
NANDA – NIC – NOC (NNN)
Dewi Baririet Baroroh
Proses Dokumentasi Keperawatan (semester 2)
PSIK FIKES UMM
April 2011
Based on NIC and NOC book
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Taxonomy – Nomenclature :
NANDA – NIC – NOC (NNN)
13 domain 47 kelas 206 diagnosa
7 domain 31 kelas 385 kriteria
7 domain 31 kelas 542 intervensi
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TRADISIONAL :
Tujuan jangka panjang dan jangka pendek
Tujuan dan kriteria hasil
Perencanaan
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NANDA DIAGNOSE
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Find a Diagnose :
1. Identifikasi keluhan
2. Masukkan domain
3. Masukkan kelas
4. Lihat definisi
5. Lihat batasan karakteristik
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Contoh :
1. Identifikasi keluhan : sering terbangun
jika tidur tidak tahu penyebabnya
2. Masukkan domain : 4
3. Masukkan kelas : 1
4. Lihat definisi : insomnia
5. Lihat batasan karakteristik : insomnia
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Components of a Nursing Diagnosis
1. Label or Name and definition
(Axis 1 – 2 – 3)
2. Related Factors OR Risk Factors
3. Defining Characteristics
Axis 1 – 7 Penulisan axis lengkap, mempermudah NOC NIC
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Contoh
1. Aktual : Ketidakefektifan (axis 3) bersihan jalan nafas (axis 1), individu (axis 2, jika individu tdk ditulis), kardiopulmonal (axis 4), dewasa (axis 5), kronis (axis 6), aktual (axis 7) b.d mukus dalam jumlah berlebih ditandai dengan wheezing, sianosis, dispnea
2. Aktual : Ketidakefektifan (axis 3) bersihan jalan nafas (axis 1) individu (axis 2, jika individu tdk ditulis) b.d mukus dalam jumlah berlebih ditandai dengan wheezing, sianosis, dispnea
3. Aktual : Ketidakefektifan bersihan jalan nafas b.d mukus dalam jumlah berlebih
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Contoh
4. Resiko : Resiko Infeksi b.d penyakit kronis (kanker paru)
5. Promosi : Kesiapan meningkatkan (axis 3) rasa nyaman (axis 1) keluarga (axis 2)
6. Kesejahteraan : Diare b.d keracunan makanan (petis)
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Dx Medis dan Dx Keperawatan
CLINICAL SITUATIONS DIAGNOSTIC CONCEPT POSSIBLE NURSING
DIAGNOSES
SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION
Cardiac output Decreased cardiac output
HYPOVOLEMIA Fluid balance Deficient fluid volume
PAIN Pain Acute pain
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS Tissue perfusion Tissue perfusion:
cardiopulmonary, ineffective
WOUND DRAINAGE Skin integrity Impaired skin integrity
SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Tissue perfusion Tissue perfusion:
cardiopulmonary, ineffective
OLIGURIA Urinary elimination Impaired urinary elimination
POLYURIA Urinary elimination Impaired urinary elimination
HYPERTHERMIA Body temperature Hyperthermia
HYPOCALCEMIA Cardiac output Decreased cardiac output
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Prioritas diagnosa
Standar asuhan keperawatan : (1) mengancam kehidupan, (2) mengancam kesehatan, (3) mempengaruhi perilaku manusia
DEPKES RI ; (1) aktual, (2) potensial/resiko
Maslow : (1) fisiologis, (2) aman&nyaman, (3) cinta&kasih sayang, (4) harga diri, (5) aktualisai diri
Per sistem : B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6
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NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification)
Kriteria hasil (dan indikator)
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NOC
The nursing outcomes classification (NOC) is a classification of nurse sensitive outcomes
NOC outcomes and indicators “allow for measurement of the patient, family, or community outcome at any point on a continuum from most negative to most positive and at different points in time.” ( Iowa Outcome Project, 2008)
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SEJARAH
Tidak ada kriteria pasien sembuh. Kematian, kesakitan dan gejala kesakitan ditentukan dg tradisional, dikira kira.
Kriteria sembuh ∞ kinerja perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan.
Beragam respon pasien dan beragam kemampuan perawat
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SEJARAH
1973 : Hover dan Zimmer membagi kriteria sembuh dalam 5 domain
ANA (american nurses association) : kriteria sembuh meningkatkan angka kesembuhan, menurunkan unit cost dan meningkatkan angka kesehatan negara
1982 : NANDA menyeragamkan kriteria sembuh dalam keperawatan NOC
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“Bekerjalah kalian, maka Allah dan RasulNya serta orang-orang mukmin akan melihat amal-amal
kalian itu, dan kamu akan dikembalikan kepada Allah Yang Maha Mengetahui akan yang ghaib dan yang nyata, lalu diberitakanNya kepada kamu apa
yang telah kamu kerjakan”
QS. At Taubah (9) : 105
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SEJARAH
Cita-cita luhur keperawatan : Bermanfaat untuk manusia…
Jika tolak ukur kriteria sembuh hanya berasal dari profesi lain, “rasa” dari asuhan keperawatan tidak dapat diukur.
Memacu perawat untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang benar dan tepat.
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TujuAn Penyeragaman Outcomes
Memudahkan pengaturan sistem informasi keperawatan
Memberikan definisi sama pada setiap intepretasi data
Mengukur kualitas asuhan keperawatan
Mengukur efektifitas asuhan keperawatan
Meningkatkan inovasi keperawatan
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Pernyataan/Kalimat Outcomes :
Konsisten
Memberikan pengertian yang sama terhadap sebuah istilah
Bukan menjelaskan kegiatan perawat
Bukan diagnosa keperawatan
Dapat diukur
Dapat dimengerti
Spesifik
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Outcomes Vs Intervention :
Intervensi keperawatan harus : Menghasilkan O positif
Mengarah pada O positif
Berdasarkan O positif
Meningkatkan O positif
Mempertahankan O positif
Mencegah perburukan O
Dilakukan sebelum evaluasi O
Diganti bila O negatif
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Kapan Outcome diUKUR:
Saat mengkaji pasien
Saat akan dilakukan intervensi
Saat dilakukan intervensi
Saat setelah dilakukan intervensi
Saat “jatuh tempo”
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NOC component
A neutral label or name used to characterize the behavior or patient status
A list of indicators that describe client behavior or patient status.
A five point scale to rate the patient‘s status for each of the indicators
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Label : Immune Status (0702)
Definition: Natural and acquired appropriately targeted resistance to internal and external antigens.
Skala : 1=severely compromised thru 5= not compromised
Indikator : • Absolute WBC values WNL • Differential WBC values WNL • Skin integrity • Mucosa integrity • Body temperature IER • Gastrointestinal function
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Scale
Extremely compromised 1 Substantially compromised 2 Moderately compromised 3 Mildly compromised 4 Not compromised 5 _____________________________________________________ Severe 1 Substantial 2 Moderate 3 Mild 4 None 5
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Features of NOC Fluid Balance 0601 Balance of water in the intracellular and extracellular compartments of the body Extremely Substantially Moderately Mildly Not Compromised Compromised Compromised Compromised Comprised 1 2 3 4 5 Indicators: BP IER 1 2 3 4 5 Mean arterial pressure IER 1 2 3 4 5 Pulmonary wedge pressure IER 1 2 3 4 5 Peripheral pulses palpable 1 2 3 4 5 Ascites not present 1 2 3 4 5 Neck vein distention not present 1 2 3 4 5 Peripheral edema not present 1 2 3 4 5 Sunken eyes not present 1 2 3 4 5 Confusion not present 1 2 3 4 5
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NANDA/NOC Linkage
Each nursing Diagnosis is followed by a list of suggested outcomes to measure whether the chosen interventions are helping the identified problem
Each outcome can be individualized to the patient or family by choosing the appropriate indicators or adding additional indicators as necessary
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Membuat NOC
Tanpa NNN 1. Tentukan diagnosa
2. Masukkan domain
3. Masukkan kelas
4. Pilih kriteria
5. pilih indikator
6. Tentukan skala
Dengan NNN 1. Tentukan diagnosa
2. Pilih kriteria
3. Pilih indikator
4. Tentukan skala
NIC NOC Judith M Wilkinson
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NIC (Nursing Intervention Classification)
Intervensi
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NIC
“The nursing interventions classification (NIC) is a comprehensive, standardized language describing treatments that nurses perform in all settings and in all specialties.” (Iowa Intervention Project, 2008)
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FENOMENA
Apa yang dilakukan perawat ?
Apakah kegiatan perawat mempengaruhi tingkat kesembuhan ?
Efektifkah kegiatan perawat dalam pengurangan biaya ?
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Tujuan Penyeragaman NIC :
Standarkan intervensi
Memberikan definisi yang sama tentang diagnosa
Mempermudah sistem informasi keperawatan
Memudahkan pengajaran
Mengukur biaya keperawatan
Memudahkan perencanaan administrasi/unit cost
Meminimalkan kesalah fahaman antar perawat
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Komponen intervensi :
Pengkajian/Diagnostik/Observasi
Tindakan Mandiri perawat/terapeutik
Pendidikan kesehatan/health education
Kolaborasi/(LIMPAHAN) tindakan medis
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NIC component
Name or label
A definition
A set of activities the nurse does to carry out the intervention
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Example : Diagnose : “Risk for Infection”
NOC yang di pilih :
6550 infection protection
1100 nutrition management
3590 skin surveillance
6650 surveillance
3660 wound care
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Infection Protection 6550
Definition: Prevention and early detection of infection in a patient at risk
Activities:
Monitor for systemic and localized s & sx of infection (central line site check every 4 hours.)
Monitor WBC, and differential results (qd or qod)
Follow neutropenic precautions
Provide a private room
Limit number of visitors
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Infection Protection (Cont.)
Activities (Cont.) Screen all visitors for communicable disease
Maintain asepsis
Inspect skin and mucous membranes for redness, extreme warmth or drainage (q4 hours)
Inspect condition of surgical incision ( central line insertion site q 4 hours)
Obtain cultures, as needed (Blood cultures prn T>38.3 C q 24 hours) (Drainage @ Central line site)
Promote Nutritional intake (1500 kcal per day, Pt. likes cereal)
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Infection Protection (cont.)
Activities (cont.)
Encourage fluid intake (1225 cc per day, Pt likes orange Gatorade)
Encourage rest (naps every afternoon from 1-3 PM, bedtime at 2030)
Monitor for change in energy level/malaise
Instruct patient to take anti-infective as prescribed
(Bactrim BID, po, MTW and Nystatin 5cc,s & s, TID)
Teach Family about s & sx of infection and when to report them to HCP
(NIC, 2008)
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Features of NIC
ELECTROLYTE MANAGEMENT 2000 Definition: Promotion of electrolyte balance and prevention of complications resulting from abnormal
or undesired serum electrolyte levels
Activities: - Monitor for manifestations of electrolyte imbalance - Maintain patent IV access Administer fluids, as prescribed, if appropriate - Maintain intravenous solution containing electrolyte(s) at constant flow rate, as appropriate - Administer supplemental electrolytes (e.g., oral, NG, and IV) as prescribed, if appropriate - Consult physician on administration of electrolyte-sparing medications (e.g., spiranolactone), as appropriate - Administer electrolyte-binding or -excreting resins (e.g., Kayexalate) as prescribed, if appropriate - Obtain ordered specimens for laboratory analysis of electrolyte levels (e.g., ABG, urine, and serum levels) - Monitor for loss of electrolyte-rich fluids (e.g., nasogastric suction, ileostomy drainage, diarrhea, wound drainage, and diaphoresis) - Irrigate nasogastric tubes with normal saline - Provide diet appropriate for patient's electrolyte imbalance (e.g., potassium-rich, low-sodium, and low-carbohydrate foods) - Teach patient and family about the type, cause, and treatments for electrolyte imbalance, as appropriate - Consult physician if signs and symptoms of fluid and/or electrolyte imbalance persist or worsen - Monitor patient's response to prescribed electrolyte therapy - Place on cardiac monitor, as appropriate
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NANDA/NIC Linkage
Each NANDA diagnosis is followed by a list of suggested interventions for resolving the identified problem
Interventions and activities should be chosen to meet the individual clients needs
Activities can be further individualized by adding client specific information
Additional activities may be added if appropriate
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PENULISAN NNN
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Sample Care Plan using Case Study NANDA Nursing Diagnoses NOC Outcomes and Indicators NIC Intervention Label and select nursing activities
Risk for infection related to
immunosuppression
secondary to chemotherapy,
inadequate primary defenses
(central venous catheter),
chronic disease (ALL) and
developmental level.
0702Immune Status
Definition: Natural and acquired appropriately
targeted resistance to internal and external antigens.
1=severely compromised thru 5= not compromised
Absolute WBC values WNL(within normal limits)
1 2 3 4 5
Differential WBC values WNL(within normal limits)
1 2 3 4 5
Skin integrity
1 2 3 4 5
Mucosa integrity
1 2 3 4 5
Body temperature IER( in expected range)
1 2 3 4 5
Gastrointestinal function
1 2 3 4 5
Respiratory Function
1 2 3 4 5
Genitourinary Function
1 2 3 4 5
1= severe thru 5= None
Recurrent Infections
1 2 3 4 5
Weight Loss
1 2 3 4 5
Tumors (Immature
WBC’s)
1 2 3 4 5
(NOC, 2008 p.399)
6550 infection protection
Definition: Prevention and early detection of infection in a patient at risk
Activities:
Monitor for systemic and localized signs & symptoms of infection (central line
site check every 4 hours.)
Monitor WBC, and differential results (qod)
Follow neutropenic precautions
Provide a private room
Limit number of visitors
Screen all visitors for communicable disease
Maintain asepsis
Inspect skin and mucous membranes for redness, extreme warmth or
drainage (q4 hours)
Inspect condition of surgical incision
(central line insertion site q 4 hours)
Obtain cultures, as needed (Blood cultures prn T>38.3 C q 24 hours) (Drainage
@ Central line site)
Promote Nutritional intake (1500 kcal per day, Pt likes cereal)
Encourage fluid intake (1225 cc per day, Pt likes orange Gatorade)
Encourage rest (naps daily 1-3 PM, bedtime t 8:30 PM)
Monitor for change in energy level/malaise
Instruct patient to take anti-infective as prescribed
(Bactrim po BID; Nystatin 5cc,swish & swallow, TID)
Teach Family about s & symptoms of infection and when to report them to
HCP
-Teach patient and family how to avoid infections
(NIC, 2008)
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Sample Blank Careplan
Nanda
Nursing
Diagnosis
NOC Outcome
Label(s) and
indicators
Rationale for NOC
chosen
and indictor score
NIC Intervention
label(s) and
nursing activities
Rationale for
NIC Chosen
Complete
NANDA
Nursing Dx
Statement
including
related or
risk factors
and defining
characteristic
NOC label and
appropriate
indicators and
rating on scale
with date (s)
Describe your
rationale for
choosing this NOC
label and the
indicator ratings that
you chose for this
patient.
NIC label and
appropriate
activities with
individualized
information
added.
Describe your
rationale for
choosing this
NIC label
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Jazakumullah khoiron katsir..