8/10/2019 kajian sukan

1/2

Lewin's Leadership Styles

By Kendra Cherry, About.com Guide

See More About: leadership styles

kurt lewin

authoritative leadership

delaative leadership

democratic leadership

!n "#$#, a roup o% researchers led by psycholoistKurt &ewinset out to identi%y di%%erent

styles o% leadership. 'hile %urther research has identi%ied more speci%ic types o% leadership,this early study was very in%luential and established three ma(or leadership styles. !n the

study, schoolchildren were assined to one o% three roups with an authoritarian, democratic

or laisse)*%air leader. +he children were then led in an arts and cra%ts pro(ect while

researchers observed the behavior o% children in response to the di%%erent styles o% leadership.

Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic)

Authoritarian leaders, also known asautocratic leaders, provide clear epectations %or what

needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. +here is also a clear

division between the leader and the %ollowers. Authoritarian leaders make decisions

independently with little or no input %rom the rest o% the roup.

-esearchers %ound that decision*makin was less creative under authoritarian leadership.

&ewin also %ound that it is more di%%icult to move %rom an authoritarian style to a democratic

style than vice versa. Abuse o% this style is usually viewed as controllin, bossy, and

dictatorial.

Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time %or roup

decision*makin or where the leader is the most knowledeable member o% the roup.

Participative Leadership (Democratic)

&ewins study %ound that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership, is

enerally the most e%%ective leadership style. /emocratic leaders o%%er uidance to roup

members, but they also participate in the roup and allow input %rom other roup members.

!n &ewins study, children in this roup were less productive than the members o% the

authoritarian roup, but their contributions were o% a much hiher 0uality.

1articipative leaders encourae roup members to participate, but retain the %inal say over the

decision*makin process. Group members %eel enaed in the process and are more

motivated and creative.

Delegative (Laissez-Faire) Leadership

http://psychology.about.com/bio/Kendra-Cherry-17268.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/lr/leadership_styles/5026/1/http://psychology.about.com/lr/kurt_lewin/5026/2/http://psychology.about.com/lr/authoritative_leadership/5026/3/http://psychology.about.com/lr/delagative_leadership/5026/4/http://psychology.about.com/lr/democratic_leadership/5026/5/http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_lewin.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_lewin.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_lewin.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/autocratic-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/autocratic-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/autocratic-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/democratic-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/democratic-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/laissez-faire-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/lr/leadership_styles/5026/1/http://psychology.about.com/lr/kurt_lewin/5026/2/http://psychology.about.com/lr/authoritative_leadership/5026/3/http://psychology.about.com/lr/delagative_leadership/5026/4/http://psychology.about.com/lr/democratic_leadership/5026/5/http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_lewin.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/autocratic-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/autocratic-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/democratic-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/democratic-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/laissez-faire-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/bio/Kendra-Cherry-17268.htm

8/10/2019 kajian sukan

2/2

-esearchers %ound that children under deleative leadership, also known as laisse)*%air

leadership,were the least productive o% all three roups. +he children in this roup also made

more demands on the leader, showed little cooperation and were unable to work

independently.

/eleative leaders o%%er little or no uidance to roup members and leave decision*makin upto roup members. 'hile this style can be e%%ective in situations where roup members are

hihly 0uali%ied in an area o% epertise, it o%ten leads to poorly de%ined roles and a lack o%

motivation.

http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/laissez-faire-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/laissez-faire-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/laissez-faire-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/laissez-faire-leadership.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/laissez-faire-leadership.htm