KOMITMEN TERHADAP ORGAN&W DI KALANGAN PEKERJA PERKILANGAN

ELEKTRONIK: ANALISIS DI NEGERIKEDAH

Tesis d&d&an kepada Sekolah Siswazah sebagai mememdi

sebahagian daipada syarat-syarat pengijazahzm

Program Ijazah sclrjana saina (Pv)

IJtiveiti utara It4dyia

Oleh

Mad Bin Mohamed

Julai, 19%

(c) MAZNI BIN MOHAMED, 19%. Hak cipta teqdhua

KEBENARAN MERUJUK TESIS

Tesis ini d&em&&an sebagai memenuhi sew daripada kepeduan pen@jazahan

program sarjana Univedi Utara Malay&. Saya befseQju membena&an pihak perpWakaa81

Univemiti mempamedcatmya sebagai bahan rujukan umum. Saya juga bexxetu~ bahawa

sebarsngbentuksalinan~secarakeseh\nrhanatause~daripadatesisiniuntuk

tujum aldemik adalah dibolehkm dengan kebemsm penyelia te& ataupun Dekan Sekolah

Siswazah. Sebarang bentuk salinan dan cetakan bagi tujuan-tqjuan komersial dan membuat

keuntunganadalahdilartmgtxunasekalitanpakebemsinbertdisda@adapenyelidik.

Penyataan rujukan kepada pemd& dan UniveAli Utara Malayaja m dinqatakan jika

sebarangbentukru@kandibuatkeatastesisini.

Kebenaran untuk menyalin atau meqgudan tesis ini samada keduuhan atauptm

DekansekolahsIswrzrhUniersiti Utara Malaysia

06010 sintokKedah Darul Aman

i

ABSTRAK

~janirddiadakanbagimengkajiperkaitan~antarajaranktr3adank~~terhadap

qpisaai di ka&an pekerja-pekerja peMaqpn elektronik di negezi Kedah. objektif-

objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengena@ti; a) hubungan di antara gaqjaran kerja dalaman

dankomitmente&ulapoqpisa& b) hubungan di antara ganjaran kerja luaran dan komitmen

tehadap oqgnhi, c) perbezaan komitmen di kalqpn ptkexja benhahn ciri-ciri peribadi,

dan d) pengar& ganjaranmjaran kerja &rhadap komitmen.

Seramai 207 oranpssponden dari lima buah organkk~telahmenyeltaikajianini.

Me&a mewakili lima kumpulan jawatan, iaitu pengmus, eksekuti, pekeqja teknikal, keranian

dan pekerja peq@uaran. Set soal selidik menga&u& 54 item bemkala lima L&ert telah

digmuhn bagi mengukur makhunbalas responden terhadq gaqjaran kerjn dan kom&nen..

Sebanyak empat hipotesis utama dengan 15 hipotesis khusus telah dibentuk bagi kajian ini.

Kaedah-kaedah stahtik korelasi Pearson, Ujian-t, AnaEsis Varians (ANOVA) Sehala dan

Regresi Beqpnda telah d@nakan bagi menguji hipotesis-hipotesis ini.

Hasil kajian ini menuqjukkan a) hubungan yang si@%an di antara g,a@ran-gaqjaran kerja

dalaman (autonomi tugas, @ifikan tugas dan penyertaan tug@, b) terdapat hubungan yang

signifhn di antara ganjaran-ganjaran kerja luaran (hubungan dengan rakan sekerja dan

penyelia, kepuasan saji, kenaikan dan pen~kitaran kezja) dengan komitmen t&adap

oqpisasi, c)). terdapat perbezaan komitmenyang &niHcan di kalaqpn pekda berdasarkan

ciri-ciri peribadi, iaitu umur, tempoh perkhidmatan dan jawatan kecuali jantina dan d)

ganjaran-gaqjaran keqja menuqjukkan peqpuh yang s&iGkan ke atas komitmen dan

dimensi-dimenainya (afektif dan penerusan). Berdaa&an kepada dapatan ini, cadangan-

cadmgan t&h dikemukakan bagi men&#&an lagi komitmm para pekerja kepada

organisasi.

ii

ABSTRACT

ThiSStlldyWaS~del.tak~tO examiue the relationships between work rewards and

organidonal commitment among the electronic mantiw employees in Kedah. The

objectives of this study were to investigate; a) the relationships between intrinsic work mwards

and orgi&aGonal commitment, b) the relationships between extrin& work rewards and

orgddonal commitmen c) the diffm of orga&&ional commitment among the

employees based on their pet-sod charactexistics, and d) the influence of work rewards on

organmional commitment.

2o7respondents~~fivematlufacturingorganizntiansw~participatedinthisstudy.They

represented Gve job categories, namely managerial, executive, technical, clerical and

produ&mstaEAsetofquestionnaire umtaining54itemsu8ingfivapointsLikert-rypescale

was applied to measure the employees’ responses toward work rewards and org&&onal

commitment. Four main hypotheses and 15 specific hypotheses were constructed for this

study. Statistical tools such as using Pearson correlation, t-Test, AnalyGs of Variance and

Multiple Regression were used to test these hypotheses.

The results reweded that a) there were significant relationships between intrinsic work rewards

(task autonomy, task significance and task im&ement) and w commitment, b)

there were i3igdba relae between exlksic work rewards (reW with co-

workersand-, satisfwtion with salary, promotions and working environments) and

comntitment, c) olypidional commitment were sigui6cantly difked among

the employees based on age, job tenure andjob position except gender, and d) work rewards

also showed sign&ant influences on the employees’ w commitment and its two

dimensions.(~ective and continuance). Some suggestions have been offered based on these

findings

. . .Jll

PENGHARGAAN

Dengan Norma A&ah Yang Maha Pengasih Lagi Maha Penyayang. Syukur ke hadrat IUahiker~denganizin,limpahkurniadanInayahNyarinidapatdapatjygadisiapkan.

Sayamengamb3kesempataniniudukmerakzudwseting@-tinggipen@qgw&nucapanhima l&h kepada Puun H@ah Sabitha M&can sclaku penyeti &ma, dan Tuan SyaAbrhrl Rahman Bin $d Zin, sela&u peqelia kedua teds it& di atas aegala bimbingan, nasihatdantqgurany~amatberhqadiaepanjangtempohmex+pkantesistiUcapanterimakasih yang tidak te&ingp juga diucapkan kepada Prqf: Ma&a Dr. Mahmood Bin NazarMohamed di atas tu@k ajar dan pdangan beiiau yang begitu bdarga, khususnya di dalamblbhagb~dante~tesisti.

Ucapwy~samajugaditujukankhasbuatabahdanemak~~di~~nasihat,pengorbanandanjasayangtidaktenritai~aTerima~j~diucapkanbuat~-adik yang disayangi, $am yang banyak memm sokongan emosid dan maw, Emi,Siti, Ina, Hajar dan Izah yang wntiasa mefljad iqirasi untuk m@apkan ti ini. Semogatesisinimenjadipendorongkalianuntukmengcmbara lebihjauhlagidialamihnuMahyangamatluaaini.Tak~juga,buatNurlina~kehuuga,terimakseihdiatasdorongandankeyalcinanyang~selamaini.

Saya juga mm pen&w- kepada para pemsyarah y a n g wlama ini telahmencurahkan bakti medca mendidik saya. Juga buat rakawrakan s&u&h, Kak 23, Azan, JexErwin, Abg. N&am, Abg. Chat, Abg. Zul, Abg. Din, Zaimah, Kak Sha dan Suryati, terimakaaih di atas kerjasama dan dchuwah yang d&@&an dama ini.T&ma kasihjuga kepadapihakMARA,selakupenganjurdansemua~u~utaraMalarysiayangtelahmenghulurkanbantuandiaepanjangtempohpeng@ansaya

Ucapanterimakasihjugaditujukankep;tdapihakyangmengizinkam~itlidij~didalamorga&asimereka,sertamerekayangmemberikanbantuandidaIam~soal selidik kajian; Puan Nora clan Cik Zurai& di Team Concept, Encik Abdid Razak d3Shanain, Mr. Lee dan Cik A&ah di Thomson -Audio, Ms. Tai di Dynamic Electronics danEncik Shaharudin clan Cik Suriani di Adaptive Micro Systems.

Akhimya, saya mequcapkan terima kasih kepada pihak yang telah menjayakan kajian inisecara langsung mahupun tiw tedamanya kepada para reqxmden. Tanpa maklumbalasmere& t&s ini pa&i tidak dapat disempumakan.

Hanya AUah sahaja yang dapat membalas jasa kalian. Semoga usaha kecil ini dibedcati Allah.

Mami Bin MohamedUMUtaraMalayaiaJulai 19961 Muhan-am 1417

KANDUNGAN

KEBENARAN MERUJUK TESISABSTRAK (BAHASA MALAYSIA)ABSTRACT (ENGLISH)PENGHARGAANKANDUNGANSENARAI JADUALSENARAI RAJAH

BAB SATU PENGENALAN

1.1 Pendahuluan1.2 PenyataanMasalah1.3 Objektif Kajian1.4 KepentinganKajian1.5 Batwanti$im1.6 PhnPembentanganTesis

BAB DUA ULASAN KARYA

2.1 pfa- 1 52.2 ModelIhmitmen-TeoriPa 1 62.3 De~danIconsepKomitmenterhadsp~ 1 72.4 Komitnm&kiif 2 12.5 KomitmenPenerusan 2 22.6 KepwsanKerjadanKomilmentmhadap~ 2 52.7 Gmjaran Kerja 2 62.8 Pembahagian Ganjaran Kerja Dalaman dan Luaran 2 72.9 Komep Ganjaran Kerja Dalaman 3 02.9.1 AutonomiTugas 3 02.9.2 SignifhnTugas 3 12.9.3 Perrycrtaan’Nm 3 22.10 Komep Ganjaran Kerja Luaran 3 22.10.1 Hubungan dengan Rakan Sekerja 3 22.10.2 Hubungan dengan Penyelia 3 32.10.3 Kepuasan tehadap Gaji 3 42.10.4 Kenaikan 3 62.10.5 Pen&W Kerja 3 6

Muka Surati

i i..*mivV. . .vnli x

15

1 21 21 31 3

V

2.11 Kqjian Empidcal ke atas Hubungan-hubungan di antara GanjaranKerjadanKamitmenterhadapOrpprrisasi

2.11.1 Hubungan di antara Gmjaran Kerja dan Kondmen2.11.2 HubmgantCmtamciri-ciritugaadan~en2.11.3 HubungandiantaragajidanKcmilmen2.11.4 HubungandiantaraPenyeliadanKomiimen2.11.5 HubungandimtaraRakanSekerjadmKomitmen2.11.6 HubmgandiantaraPehmngKenaikandanKomilmen2.11.7 HubungandiantaraPersekitmnKejadanKomitmen2.11.8 HubungandiantaraciriciriPeriidanKomitien2.11.9 HubungandiantaraJanlinadanKomitmen2.11.10 Hubungm di antara Temjmh Ped&id,tnata.n dan Komitmen2.12 AIntuhxranKOAtmeZI2.13 Kesimpulan

BAB TIGA METODOLOGI KAJUN

3.13.23.33.3.13.3.23.3.33.3.43.3.53.3.63.3.73.43.4.13.4.23.53.63.73.83.93.103.113.123.133.14

pq--&K-v-’DefinisiKonsepGa&ranKerjaGan&ranKerjadalamanGan~au Kerja LuaranKomitmenterfrsdapChpniwiKomitmen MektifKomitmenPen~Pekerja Perkilaqp ElektronikPemboiehubah-pembolehubah KajianPembolehubah BemandarPembolehubah Bebasyz*zmw.a

Pcg.dasiKsjianP-hSumber DataKajian Riutisln8trumeuKajianPengumpulanDataPengukuranDataAxuhis Data

3 . 1 4 . 1 statistikw3.14.2 Statistik Inf&ensi3 . 1 5 Kesimpdm

3 83 84 04 24 34 54 74 84 95 05 15 45 5

5 65 65 96 06 06 06 16 16 16 26 36 36 36 56 76 86 87 07 07 57 87 87 97 98 08 1

BAB EMPAT ANALISIS DAN DAPATAN KAJIAN

4.1 Peqpudan 8 24.2 Latarbe~Responden 8 34.2.1 Jantina dan Umur 8 44.2.2 TempohMenyertaiOrgadasi 8 44.2.3 Jawatan 8 54.2.4 Gaji Bulanan 8 64.3 Ujian Kebolehpercayaan 8 64.4 Skor Pembolehubah-pembobhubah Kajian 8 74.4.1 Pembolehubah Bemandar 8 84.4.2 Pembolehubah B&as 8 84.5 Matriks Korelasi antara Pembolehubah 9 14.6 PengulHipotesis 9 24.6.1 Hiptesis Satu 9 24.6.2 l!IipotesisDua 9 34.6.3 Hipotesis Tiga %4.6.4 HipotesisEmpat 1014.7 Keaimpulan 1 2 8

BAB LIMA PERBINCANGANDAN KESIMPULAN

5.1 pengenalan5.2 Ol&ktifdanHaeitKajian5.3 MasalahKal5.4 rm@afiKajian5.4.1 ImplikasikeabsTeorii-44.2 hplikai ke atas Praktis

5:5cadangankti-p-Cadangan Kajian akan Datang

.

1 2 91 2 91 4 51 4 61 4 71 4 71 4 81 4 9

RUJUKAN 151

LAMPIRANLampiran 1: Surat Sokongan Kajian 1 6 2Lampiran 2: Pen&man saiz Sampel 1 6 3Lamp&in 3: Soal Selidik Kajian 1 6 4Lampimn4:ArahansistemAnalisisstatisfik(sAS) 1 7 2Lampiran 5: Kepdusan Ujian D@ostik A4ulticoZhearity 1 7 6

vii

SENARAI JADUAL

JADUAL Mukasurat

3 . 13 . 23 . 33 . 43 . 54 . 14 . 2

4 . 34 . 44 . 54 . 64 . 74 . 8

4 . 9

4.10

4.11

4.12

4 . 1 3

4.14

4 . 1 5

4.16

4.17

Jumlab Tenaga Keja di kilang-kilang ElektronikPembahagjaa Soal Selidik kcpada ReqxmtiKodWiMWikSdisntaraPembdchub ah-pembolehubahK-u~~NiiAlphabagiIn8lrumenKajianTaburanRespondcnMeq#kutUmurTaburan Responden Mengikut Tempoh Menyertai-TaburanRespodenMengikut JawataflTaburan Responden Mengikut Gaji BulananHad Ujian Cronbach Alpha ke atas lnstrumen Ka@anMin dan Sisihan Piawai Pembolehubab-pembolehubabMat&a IQdasi di antxna Pembolehubah-pembolehubahKeputusw Uj ian Kor&si antara Pembolehubab-pembolehubab Gaqjaran Kerja Dalaman dan Komilmenterhadgp-Keputum U j i a n Korelasi antara P e m b o l e h u b a h -pembolehubah Ganjaran Kerja Luaran dan Komitmenterhhdap-Kepa&uan Ujian t bagi Komitmen te&adap Oq+sasibenhahn JantinaKepuWsan Ujian Adisis Varians Sehala (ANOVA) ke atasKomitmen terldap organisasi di kalaqgn pekerjabet&w&m UmurKeputusan Ujian Am&is Vazians Sehda (ANOVA) ke atasK o m i t m e n tdadap Oyu&asi d i kalangan pekesjabe&s&an Tempoh PerkbddanKeputusan Ujian Analisis Va&ns Sehala (ANOVA) ke atasKomitmm tcxhdap c)qpki di kahngan p e k e r j aberdasarkan kepada JawatanKeputusan Ujian Regresi Berganda bagi PembolehubabKomitmentedndap~iKeputusan Ujian Regresi Berganda bagi PembolehubahKomitmen AfektifKeputusm Ujian Regresi Beqgda bagi PembolehubahKomitmenPenerusanR&kasanKeseluruhanUjianHipo~

7 0727 47 57 68 3

8 48 48 58 68 79 0

9 2

9 4

%

9 8

99

101

1 0 6

1 1 2

1 1 81 2 6

. . .vm

sENmRAJAH

RAJAJ3

2.13.1

3.2

ProwsPertdrandiantaraPek~adanOrganiAModel Komitmen tehdap Oqytnid oleh Mowday, Porterclan steers (1982)Kerangka lbnseptual yang menun@kkan Hubungan di antaraPembolehubah-pembolehubah Bebas dan Pembolehubahl3emandar

Mulrasurat

1 7

5 9

6 1

ix

BAB SATU

Pengenalan

1.1 Pendabuluan

Bank Pembangunan Asia 1995 melaporkan bahawa ekonomi Malaysia telah mencatatkan

pertumbuhan yang memberansangkan. Pada tahun 1970 sehingga tahun 1989,

pertumbuhan ekonomi negara berada pada kadar purata 6.7 peratus setahun.

Perhunbuhan ini telah meningkat pada kadar purata 8.4 peratus setahun di antara tahun

1990 hingga 1994 (Moha Asri, 1995).

Laporan Ekonomi 1994/95 menyatakan sektor per- terus menjadi teraju kepada

perhunbuhan pesat ini. Sepanjang tahun 1990 - 1993, sektor per- telah

menyumbangkan sebanyak 42 peratus dari keseluruhan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara.

Peningkatan yang besar juga dapat dilihat dari sumbangannya kepada Keluaran Dalam

Negeri Kasar (KDNK). Pada tahun 1970, ia hanya menyumbangkan sebanyak 13.4

peratus KDNK, tetapi telah meningkat kepada 33.6 peratus pada tahun 1995.

Pertumbuhan yang menggalakkan di dalam sektor perkikmgan adalah sejajar dengan hasrat

kerajaan untuk menjadikan Malaysia sebagai sebuah negara perindustrian. Perkembangan

pesat di dalam sektor perkilangan dan perkhidmatan moden akan menjadi teras untuk

1

The contents of

the thesis is for

internal user

only

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