Krishnan Unni TA

download Krishnan Unni TA

of 42

Transcript of Krishnan Unni TA

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    1/42

    Krishnan unni T.US3 MBA

    TRANSACTIONAL

    ANALYSIS

    WHY PEOPLE SAY AND DO WHAT

    THEY DON'T REALLY WANT TO

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    2/42

    TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS IS

    Allied to the techniques of psychotherapy

    and counselling,

    a method of observing and influencing

    human behaviour and experience.

    It combines psychoanalytical, linguistic,

    behaviourist and cognitive elements into a

    unified approach."

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    3/42

    EACH OF US IS REALLY

    THREE PEOPLE!!!!

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    4/42

    THREE MODES OF

    BEHAVIOR Parent

    Adult

    Child

    These are called EGO STATES

    They are Felt states of being and not

    just roles.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    5/42

    Child Ego State

    Natural Child(PRINCE)- Hateful/ loving/

    spontaneous/ playful

    Intuitive Child(LITTLE PROFESSOR)-

    Thoughtful/ imaginative/ creative

    Adapted Child(FROG)- fearful/ guilty/

    ashamed

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    6/42

    Parent Ego State

    A collection of pre-recorded, pre-judged,

    prejudiced codes for living.

    Decides, without reasoning, how to react

    to situations.

    Can be over-controlling and oppressive or

    life giving, supportive and tender.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    7/42

    Overly Critical- Critical parent

    Loving and nurturing the child- Nurturing

    parent

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    8/42

    Adult Ego State

    Has no emotions able to detach from

    feelings.

    Logical.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    9/42

    Contamination

    When the Adult uses information which

    has its source in the Child or in the Parent

    and which may be incorrect.

    Prejudice.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    10/42

    Voices in the head!!

    Parental Tapes being played over in our

    minds.

    They may be good or bad depending on

    which parents tapes we are playing.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    11/42

    Critical parent is opposed to natural

    child.

    Nurturing parent is supportive tonatural child.

    Critical parent activates the Adapted

    Child. It is possible to fight your Critical

    Parent(also called Pig Parent).

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    12/42

    RELATIONSHIPS

    Child to Child

    Parent to parent

    Child to Adult Adult to Parent

    Adult to Adult

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    13/42

    STROKES

    The recognition that one person gives to

    another

    Essential to a person's life

    Can vary from actual physical touch to

    praise

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    14/42

    Positive Strokes- , you did a goodjob- Warm Fuzzies

    Negative Strokes- I hate you- cold

    Pricklies. When positive strokes are not given,

    we look for negative strokes rather

    than be without strokes at all!!

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    15/42

    We should learn to open our hearts and

    ask for strokes.

    It makes life easier.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    16/42

    Basic States of Mind

    1. I'm not OK, you're OK

    2. I'm OK, you aren't OK

    3. I'm not OK, you're not OK4. I'm OK, you're OK

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    17/42

    TRANSACTIONS

    Transactions occur when any person

    relates to any other person.

    The three types of transactions:COMPLEMENTARY,CROSSED &

    COVERT.

    Every transaction is made up of astimulus and response.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    18/42

    Complementary Transaction

    Between Adult and Adult

    Child to Child

    Parent to Child

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    19/42

    Communication can continue between ego

    states as long as trans-actions are

    parallel.

    Whenever a disruption of communication

    occurs, a crossed transaction caused it.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    20/42

    Cross Transaction

    When three or more ego states are

    involved

    The transactional response is addressed

    to an ego state different from the one

    which started the stimulus

    They disrupt communication.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    21/42

    Discount Transaction

    One very important kind of crossedtransaction

    Here one person completely disregards

    what the other one issaying.

    Discounts are not always obvious but are

    always unpleasant

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    22/42

    Covert Transactions

    A covert transaction is when people

    say one thing and mean another.

    Eg A superior to a female employee I

    need you to stay late at the office with

    me and the later means something

    wrong

    Are the basis of games and are

    especially interesting because they are

    crooked.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    23/42

    SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

    A technique used to determine how different

    values of an independent variable will impact

    a particular dependent variable under a given

    set of assumptions. This technique is used

    within specific boundaries that will depend on

    one or more input variables, such as theeffect that changes in interest rates will have

    on a bond's price.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    24/42

    The purpose of sensitivity analysis is to

    refine the decision model

    what makes a difference in each decision

    Provide guidance for the development of a

    requisite decision model

    Eagle Airlines example

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    25/42

    25

    Management Use of Sensitivity

    and Breakeven Analysis

    Sensitive variables are investigated and

    managed in two ways:

    (1) Ex ante; in the planning phase;more effort is used to create better

    forecasts of future values. If

    management decides the project is toorisky, it is abandoned at this stage.

    Using Sensitivity:

    anagemen se o

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    26/42

    26

    anagemen se oSensitivity and Breakeven

    AnalysisUsing Breakeven:Forecasted calculated Breakeven values of

    variables are continuously compared

    against actual outcomes during theexecution phase.

    M t U f S iti it

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    27/42

    27

    Management Use of Sensitivity

    and Breakeven Analysis

    (2) Ex post; in the project execution

    phase; management monitors theforecasted values. If the project isperforming poorly, it is abandoned orsold off prior to its planned termination.

    Using Sensitivity:

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    28/42

    28

    Real Life Examples

    of Forecast Errors

    Large blowouts in initial

    construction costs for Sydney

    Opera House, Montreal OlympicStadium.

    Big budget films are shunned by

    critics and public alike; e.g

    Waterworld: whilst cheap filmsbecome classics; eg.Easy Rider.

    High failure rate of rockets used to

    launch commercial satellites.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    29/42

    Team Building

    Interventions

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    30/42

    What Is Team?

    Collection of people relying on

    group collaboration achieve

    success and goal achievement.

    Importance is onjoint, concerted

    and coordinated effort which

    generate positive energy to achieve

    goals.

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    31/42

    Why People Join Teams?

    Feel stronger

    Reduced insecurity of remaining aloneSecurity

    Recognition to membersStatus

    Feeling of self worthSelf- esteem

    Fulfill social needs through interactionAffiliation

    Things cannot be achieved individuallycan be achieved through group actionsPower

    Pooling of talents, knowledge or powerenables to get job completedGoal achievement

    Characteristics Of Effective Teams

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    32/42

    Characteristics Of Effective Teams

    Clear purpose to all

    Members know their goals mission, vision

    Participation

    All members are listened as there is effective interaction

    Consensus decision making

    Situation is diagnosed by joint decision and problems aresolved through cooperation and supportive relationship

    Leadership Anyone is free to volunteer and leaders role is supportive

    and informal

    Trust and respect for one another

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    33/42

    TEAM WORK

    Successful teams have a combination ofqualities summed up in acronym team work

    T :- trust

    E:- enthusiasm A:- ambition to succeed

    M:- mutual interest

    W:- workability of goals

    O:- openness to share ideas R:- resilience

    K:- key result areas

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    34/42

    TEAM DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS

    Family group diagonstic meetings Family group team building meetings

    Role negotiation techniques

    Role analysis technique

    Grid organization developememt program

    Self managed work teams

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    35/42

    Family group diagonstic meetings

    Current performance

    Impovement areas

    Problems Diagonostic data made public

    Issues identified,action plans

    Helps group to identify problems in theirrespective areas.

    Family group team building

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    36/42

    Family group team building

    meetings

    Assist work group in learning

    Gather data through questionnaires

    Group meeting held away fromorganization to avoid interruptions

    Based on individuals knowledge,

    consultant may help in setting the agenda

    Series of meetings to ensure a permanent

    change

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    37/42

    ROLE NEGOTIATION

    TECHNIQUE

    Managers explain what they want form

    others and explain why

    Contract setting

    Issue diagonosis

    Role negotiation

    Written role negotiation agreement

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    38/42

    ROLE ANALYSIS

    Clarify role expectation

    Behaviour of one member expected or

    prescribed by other group members

    Steps include

    Role analysis

    Role incumbents expectation Role expectations

    Role profile

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    39/42

    Grid organization developememt

    program

    Perfecting team work

    Analysis of work culture,traditions

    Feed back about team behaviour

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    40/42

    Self managed work teams

    Members know how to handle tasks

    Temporary/permanent

    Hetrogenity is advantegeous Size is small

    Information available publically

    Knowledge of outside environment

  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    41/42

    REFERENCES

    WWW.ECOITRALIE.IN

    http://www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Orga

    nizational%20Behavior/Organizational%20

    Behavior.htm

    Organizational behaviour margi

    parik,pearson

    OD&C,SK BHATIA

    OD&C KAVITHA SINGH

    http://www.ecoitralie.in/http://www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Organizational%20Behavior/Organizational%20Behavior.htmhttp://www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Organizational%20Behavior/Organizational%20Behavior.htmhttp://www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Organizational%20Behavior/Organizational%20Behavior.htmhttp://www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Organizational%20Behavior/Organizational%20Behavior.htmhttp://www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Organizational%20Behavior/Organizational%20Behavior.htmhttp://www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Organizational%20Behavior/Organizational%20Behavior.htmhttp://www.ecoitralie.in/
  • 7/29/2019 Krishnan Unni TA

    42/42