Laporan Penyiasatan Migrasi, Malaysia 2013
Transcript of Laporan Penyiasatan Migrasi, Malaysia 2013
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LAPORAN PENYIASATAN MIGRASI
MIGRATION SURVEY REPORT
MALAYSIA
2013
JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA
JUN
JUNE 2014
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KATA PENGANTAR
Laporan Penyiasatan Migrasi, Malaysia, 2013 membentangkan anggaran pergerakan, trend
dan magnitud penduduk di peringkat negeri serta maklumat ciri-ciri demografi dan
sosioekonomi migran.
Migrasi atau penghijrahan penduduk merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi
perubahan struktur penduduk dan memberi kesan kepada situasi ekonomi dan sosial sesuatu
kawasan dalam tempoh tertentu. Pada amnya, trend dan ciri-ciri migran yang berbeza akan
memberi impak yang berlainan bagi negeri/kawasan asal dan destinasinya. Maklumat yangdibentangkan dalam laporan ini diharap dapat membantu perancang dan pengkaji dalam
melihat ciri-ciri penduduk migran dan bukan migran, seterusnya menjadi input kepada
perancangan dan pembangunan sosioekonomi negara.
Jabatan merakamkan penghargaan kepada semua pihak yang memberikan kerjasama dan
seterusnya menyumbang kepada penyediaan laporan ini. Sebarang ulasan dan cadangan ke
arah penambahbaikan laporan ini amat dialu-alukan dan dihargai.
DATUK DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN HASAN
Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia
Jun 2014
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PREFACE
The Migration Survey Report, Malaysia, 2013 presents the estimates of the population’s
movement, flow and magnitude at state level, as well as the demographic and socioeconomic
characteristics of migrants.
Migration or the movement of people is one of the factors that influence changes in the
population structure and affect the economic and social situation of a particular area during
a specific period. Generally, different trends and characteristics of migrants will have
different impacts on the state/area of origin and destination. It is hoped that the information presented in this report accommodates the planners and researchers in analysing the migrant
and non-migrant population characteristics, as well as an input to the socio-economic
planning and development of the nation.
The Department would like to express its gratitude to all parties who had co-operated and
contributed towards the preparation of this report. Comments and suggestions towards
improving this report are very much welcomed and appreciated.
DATUK DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN HASAN
Chief Statistician, Malaysia
June 2014
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KANDUNGAN
CONTENTSMuka surat
Page
Kata pengantar Preface
iii
Senarai jadual
List of tables vi
Senarai lampiran
List of appendices ix
Ringkasan penemuan
Summary of findings
Trend dan paras migrasi di Malaysia
Migration trend and level in Malaysia 1
Migrasi mengikut negeri
Migration by state
2
Migrasi mengikut strata
Migration by strata
5
Ciri-ciri demografi migran
Demographic characteristics of migrants
6
Ciri-ciri guna tenaga migran
Characteristics of employed migrants
8
Sebab-sebab penghijrahan
Reasons for migration
9
Nisbah keberkesanan migrasi
Migration effectiveness ratio
10
Nota teknikal
Technical notes
33
Lampiran
Appendix
53
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SENARAI JADUAL LIST OF TABLES
JadualTable
JADUAL UTAMA MAIN TABLES
Muka suratPage
1 Perangkaan utama migrasi, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013 Main indicators of migration, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
11
2 Migran masuk mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan
2012–2013
In-migrants by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
12
3 Migran keluar mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan
2012–2013Out-migrants by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
13
4 Migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan
2012–2013 Net migration by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
14
PENDUDUK BERUMUR 1 TAHUN DAN LEBIHPOPULATION AGED 1 YEAR AND OVER
5 Migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri destinasi dan taraf
migrasi, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Migrants from the population by state of destination and migrationstatus, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
15
6 Kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan nisbah
keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih
mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2012–2013 Rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration effectiveness
ratio of population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia,
2012–2013
16
7 Migran dalaman mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia,
2012–2013 Internal migrants by state of origin and destination, Malaysia,
2012–2013
17
8 Migran dalaman mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan
2012–2013
Internal migrants by strata, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
18
9 Migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri mengikut negeri
dan strata, Malaysia, 2012–2013 Intra-state and inter-state migrants by state and strata, Malaysia,
2012–2013
19
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JadualTable
Muka suratPage
19 Migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun
mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by age groupand sex, Malaysia, 2012–2013
27
20 Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan
migran mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia,
2012–2013 Labour force participation rate of internal migrants and non-migrants
by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2012–2013
28
21 Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan
migran mengikut strata dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012–2013 Labour force participation rate of internal migrants and non-migrants
by strata and sex, Malaysia, 2012–2013
28
22 Migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut taraf
pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2012–2013 Employed internal migrants and non-migrants by status in
employment, Malaysia, 2012–2013
29
23 Migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut
pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2012–2013 Employed internal migrants and non-migrants by occupation,
Malaysia, 2012–2013
29
24 Migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut pekerjaan dan strata,
Malaysia, 2012–2013
Employed internal migrants by occupation and strata, Malaysia
2012–2013
30
25 Migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia,
2012–2013 Employed internal migrants by industry, Malaysia, 2012–2013
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SENARAI LAMPIRAN LIST OF APPENDICES
Lampiran Appendix
Muka suratPage
1 Ralat piawai relatif bagi anggaran kadar migrasi dalaman
penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia,
2012–2013 Relative standard error of estimation for internal migration rate of
population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia, 2012–2013
53
2 Ralat piawai relatif bagi anggaran kadar migrasi dalaman
penduduk berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut negeri, Malaysia,
2012–2013 Relative standard error of estimation for internal migration rate of
population aged 15–64 years by state, Malaysia, 2012–2013
54
3 Migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun
mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, 2012–2013 Internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by educational
attainment, Malaysia, 2012–2013
55
4 Piawaian migran dalaman mengikut pencapaian pendidikan yang
berasaskan taburan peratus bukan migran, Malaysia, 2012–2013Standardisation of internal migrants by educational attainment based
on the percentage distribution of non-migrants, Malaysia, 2012–2013
55
5 Migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun
mengikut taraf perkahwinan, Malaysia, 2012–2013 Internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by marital
status, Malaysia, 2012–2013
56
6 Piawaian migran dalaman mengikut taraf perkahwinan yang
berasaskan taburan peratus bukan migran, Malaysia, 2012–2013Standardisation of internal migrants by marital status based on the
percentage distribution of non-migrants, Malaysia, 2012–2013
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RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
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RINGKASAN PENEMUANSUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 1
TREND DAN PARAS MIGRASI DI
MALAYSIA
MIGRATION TREND AND LEVEL IN
MALAYSIA
Kadar migrasi di Malaysia bagi tempoh 2012 –
2013 didapati menurun berbanding tempohsebelumnya iaitu daripada 2.6 peratus (756,300
orang) kepada 2.4 peratus (707,300 orang), iaitu
penurunan sebanyak 0.2 mata peratus (49,000
orang).
Migration rate in Malaysia for the period 2012–
2013 showed a downtrend compared to the previous period 2.6 per cent (756,300 persons)
to 2.4 per cent (707,300 persons), a reduction
by 0.2 percentage point (49,000 persons).
Corak migrasi bagi tempoh 2012–2013
menunjukkan penduduk masih cenderung
berhijrah dalam negeri yang sama. Peratus
migran dalam negeri mencatatkan 62.3
peratus, diikuti migran antara negeri (26.7%)dan 11.0 peratus migran antarabangsa (migran
masuk ke Malaysia). Ini menjadikan bilangan
migran dalaman adalah seramai 629,400 orang,
mewakili 89.0 peratus daripada jumlah migran.
(Jadual 1)
The migration pattern for the period 2012–2013
indicate that people still tend to migrate in the
same state. Percentage of intra-state migrants
showed 62.3 per cent, followed by inter-state
migrants (26.7%) and 11.0 per centinternational migrants (immigrants to
Malaysia). Of these, number of internal
migrants was 629,400 persons, represent 89.0
per cent of the total migrants. (Table 1)
Carta 1:
Chart 1:
Penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2011–2012
dan 2012–2013
Population aged 1 year and over by migration status, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and
2012–2013
97.4%Bukan
migran/ Non-
migrant
61.3%
28.5%
10.3%
2.6%
(756,300)Migran/
Migrant
2011—2012
97.6%Bukan
migran/
Non-
migrant
62.3%
26.7%
11.0%
2.4%
(707,300)Migran/
Migrant
2012—2013
Migran dalam negeri
Intra-state migrants
Migran antara negeri
Inter-state migrants
Migran antarabangsa
International migrants
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RINGKASAN PENEMUANSUMMARY OF FINDINGS
2 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Migran dalam negeri bagi tempoh 2012–2013
meningkat sebanyak 1.0 mata peratus kepada
62.3 peratus berbanding tahun sebelumnya.
Sebaliknya, peratusan migran antara negeri
menyusut sebanyak 1.8 mata peratus kepada26.7 peratus.
Intra-state migrants for the period 2012–2013
increased by 1.0 percentage point to 62.3 per
cent compared to previous year. In contrast, the
percentage of inter-state migrants decreased by
1.8 percentage point to 26.7 per cent.
MIGRASI MENGIKUT NEGERI MIGRATION BY STATE
Kadar migrasi peringkat negeri bagi tempoh
2012–2013 menunjukkan Selangor merupakan
negeri yang mencatatkan peratusan penduduk
migran tertinggi iaitu 3.6 peratus, meningkat
sebanyak 1.0 mata peratus berbanding tahun
sebelumnya. Perkadaran migran dalam negeri
bagi Selangor lebih tertumpu kepada migran
dalam negeri iaitu 2.1 peratus, diikuti migran
antara negeri 1.1 peratus dan migran
antarabangsa 0.4 peratus.
Migration rate at state level for the period
2012–2013 showed Selangor recorded the
highest state migrant population that is 3.6 per
cent, an increase by 1.0 percentage point
compared to previous year. The proportion of
migrants in Selangor was more focused to intra-
state migration namely 2.1 percent, followed by
inter-state migration 1.1 per cent and
international migration 0.4 per cent.
Carta 2:
Chart 2:
Migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri destinasi dan taraf migrasi, Malaysia,
2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Migrants by state of destination and migration status, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
J o h o r
K e d a h
K e l a n t a n
M e l a k a
N . S e m b i l a n
P a h a n g
P u l a u P i n a n g
P e r a k
P e r l i s
S e l a n g o r
T e r e n g g a n u S
a b a h
S a r a w a k
W . P . K u a l a L u m p u r
W . P . L a b u a n
W . P . P u t r a j a y a
(%) 2011-2012
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
J o h o r
K e d a h
K e l a n t a n
M e l a k a
N . S e m b i l a n
P a h a n g
P u l a u P i n a n g
P e r a k
P e r l i s
S e l a n g o r
T e r e n g g a n u
S a b a h
S a r a w a k
W . P . K u a l a L u m p u r
W . P . L a b u a n
W . P . P u t r a j a y a
(%)2012-2013
Dalam negeri
Intra-state
Antara negeri
Inter-state
Antarabangsa
International
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RINGKASAN PENEMUANSUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 3
Peratusan penduduk migran kedua tertinggi
dicatatkan oleh negeri Sabah dengan 2.8
peratus. Majoriti penghijrahan penduduk di
Sabah lebih tertumpu kepada migran dalam
negeri dengan peratusan sebanyak 2.2 peratus,manakala migran antara negeri dan migran
antarabangsa masing-masing mencatatkan
sebanyak 0.3 peratus dan 0.2 peratus sahaja
daripada jumlah penduduk migran Sabah. W.P.
Kuala Lumpur kekal mencatatkan kadar migrasi
rendah iaitu 0.7 peratus.
The second highest percentage of migrant
population was recorded by Sabah with 2.8 per
cent. The majority of Sabah migration was more
focused on intra-state migration with a share
of 2.2 per cent, while the inter-state migrationand international migration recorded 0.3 per
cent and 0.2 per cent respectively to the total of
migrant population in Sabah. W.P. Kuala
Lumpur remained lower migration rate
recorded at 0.7 per cent.
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
Jadual A:
Table A:
Migran dalaman mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Internal migrants by state of origin and destination, Malaysia, 2012–2013
(‘000)
Negeri asal
State of origin
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
M a l a y s i a
J o h o r
K e d a h
K e l a n t a n
M e l a k a
N e g e r i S e m b i l a n
P a h a n g
P u l a u P i n a n g
P e r a k
P e r l i s
S e l a n g o r
T e r e n g g a n u
S a b a h
S a r a w a k
W . P .
K u a l a L u m p u r
W . P .
L a b u a n
W . P .
P u t r a j a y a
Malaysia 629.4 73.9 38.3 36.4 19.3 8.9 34.3 40.1 22.8 2.6 180.6 19.6 86.0 56.0 9.4 0.0 1.1
Johor 73.1 56.4 0.3 1.5 1.8 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 6.6 0.3 2.0 1.7 0.3 - 0.1
Kedah 39.7 0.7 27.5 0.6 0.3 - 0.7 5.1 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.4 1.0 - 0.0
Kelantan 32.1 1.4 1.1 22.7 0.2 0.1 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.0 2.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 0.1
Melaka 18.6 1.3 0.3 0.2 11.7 0.1 0.6 0.0 - - 2.7 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.6 - 0.0
Negeri Sembilan 18.1 0.8 0.1 0.6 1.4 5.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 7.3 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.4 - 0.1
Pahang 36.1 1.6 0.6 1.8 0.2 0.4 23.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 3.2 1.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 - 0.0
Pulau Pinang 37.6 0.3 3.1 0.2 0.3 - 0.3 26.1 0.1 0.0 5.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.8 - 0.0
Perak 30.6 3.0 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.5 3.2 14.1 - 4.9 0.4 0.8 0.1 1.3 - 0.0
Perlis 2.7 0.2 0.4 - - - 0.1 0.1 - 1.3 0.3 - 0.2 - - - -
Selangor 149.7 2.9 2.8 3.7 1.3 1.8 2.8 2.3 4.0 0.3 118.4 1.8 2.3 0.9 3.6 - 0.7
Terengganu 18.6 0.8 0.4 1.6 0.6 - 1.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.1 11.6 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.0
Sabah 79.5 0.6 - - 0.4 - 0.6 0.0 - - 0.8 - 75.2 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.0
Sarawak 51.7 0.5 - 0.2 0.2 - 0.0 - - 0.0 2.1 0.3 1.2 46.9 0.3 - 0.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 36.2 3.2 0.6 2.2 0.8 0.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.1 21.5 0.6 2.1 0.7 - - 0.1
W.P.Labuan 1.7 - - 0.4 - - - - - - - - 0.8 0.6 - - -
W.P. Putrajaya 3.6 0.2 - 0.0 - 0.2 0.1 0.4 - 0.1 2.6 - - - - - -
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RINGKASAN PENEMUANSUMMARY OF FINDINGS
4 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Jadual A memberikan gambaran keseluruhan
penghijrahan migran dalaman terutamanya
keluar-masuk migran antara negeri. Selangor
menunjukan penghijrahan keluar-masuk migran
dengan jumlah migran masuk antara negeri(62,200 orang) dan migran keluar antara negeri
(31,300 orang). Manakala migran dalam negeri
bagi Selangor ialah 118,400 orang.
Table A illustrate the overall internal movement
of migrants especially in-out migrants among
states. Selangor showed the movement in and
out migrants with migrants into the state
(62,200 persons) and migrants out to the state(31,300 persons). Meanwhile migrants in the
same state of Selangor were 118,400 people.
Sebahagian besar migran masuk ke Selangor
berasal dari negeri jiran iaitu W.P. Kuala
Lumpur (34.6%) dan Negeri Sembilan (11.7%).
Selain daripada negeri-negeri jiran ini, Johor
(10.6%) juga merupakan penyumbang kepada
migran masuk ke Selangor.
Most of the migrants into Selangor came from
the neighbouring states W.P. Kuala Lumpur
(34.6%) and Negeri Sembilan (11.7%). Apart
from these neighbouring states, Johor (10.6%)
also contributed to the migrants into Selangor.
Migrasi bersih Net migration
Bagi tempoh 2012–2013, Selangor kekal
sebagai negeri penerima migran utama dengan
jumlah migran masuk bersih sebanyak 31,000
orang, diikuti Sabah sebanyak 6,500 orang dan
Kelantan 4,400 orang. Manakala tiga negeri
yang menjadi negeri penghantar migran utama
dengan jumlah migran keluar bersih tertinggi
dicatatkan oleh W.P. Kuala Lumpur (26,800
orang), Negeri Sembilan (9,200 orang) dan
Perak (7,700 orang).
For the period 2012–2013, Selangor remains the
major migrant receiving states with a total net
inflow of 31,000 migrants, followed by Sabah
6,500 persons and Kelantan 4,400 persons.
Meanwhile, the three states that became a major
migrant sending states with the highest number
of net migrants recorded by W.P. Kuala Lumpur
(26,800 persons), Negeri Sembilan (9,200
persons) and Perak (7,700 persons).
Carta 3:
Chart 3:
Migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Net migration by state, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
- 1 0 . 7
2 . 1
8 . 1
- 1 . 1
- 6 . 6
- 5 . 2
5 . 2
- 7 . 9
0 . 5
2 2 . 4
- 3 . 3
1 . 8
7 . 1
- 1 1 . 2
- 0 . 7
- 0 . 5
0 . 9
- 1 . 4
4 . 4
0 . 7
- 9 . 2
- 1 . 8
2 . 5
- 7 . 7
- 0 . 1
3 1 . 0
1 . 0
6 . 5
4 . 3
- 2
6 . 8
- 1 . 7
- 2 . 5
-30.0
-20.0
-10.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0 J o h o r
K e d a h
K e l a n t a n
M e l a k a
N e g e r i
S e m b i l a n
P a h a n g
P u l a u P
i n a n g
P e r a k
P e r l i s
S e l a n g o r
T e r e n g
g a n u
S a b a h
S a r a w a
k
W . P . K
u a l a L u m p u r
W . P . L a b u a n
W . P . P u t r a j a y a
B i l a n g a n ( ' 0 0 0 )
N u m b e r
2011—2012 2012—2013
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RINGKASAN PENEMUANSUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 5
Trend migrasi di tiga buah negeri iaitu Johor,
Melaka dan Terengganu pula mengalami
perubahan daripada negeri penghantar kepada
negeri penerima migran. Manakala trend
migrasi di Kedah dan Perlis telah berubah darinegeri penerima kepada negeri penghantar
migran.
Migration trends in the three states namely
Johor, Melaka and Terengganu changed from a
sender to a receiver state of migrants.
Meanwhile the migration trend in Kedah and
Perlis changed from receiver to sending state ofmigrants.
MIGRASI MENGIKUT STRATA MIGRATION BY STRATA
Bagi tempoh 2012–2013, penghijrahan migran
dari bandar ke bandar kekal sebagai
penghijrahan utama di Malaysia pada 64.8
peratus. Peratusan ini didapati meningkat
sebanyak 3.3 mata peratus berbanding tempoh
2011–2012. Secara keseluruhannya, trend
penghijrahan penduduk mengikut strata bagi
tempoh 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013 masih lagi
sama.
For the period 2012–2013, the migration from
urban to urban remained as a major
movement in Malaysia at 64.8 per cent. This
percentage increased by 3.3 percentage point
compared to the period 2011–2012. Overall,
the trends of population movement by strata
for the period 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
remained the same.
Carta 4:
Chart 4:
Migran dalaman mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Internal migrants by strata, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
61.5
20.4
7.510.6
64.8
17.3
7.710.2
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
(%)
2011—2012
2012—2013
Bandar-Bandar
Urban-Urban
Luar bandar-
Luar bandar
Rural-Rural
Bandar-Luar
bandar
Urban-Rural
Luar bandar-
Bandar
Rural-Urban
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6 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
CIRI-CIRI DEMOGRAFI MIGRAN DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
MIGRANTS
Bagi tempoh 2012–2013, kumpulan migran
dalaman terbesar adalah kumpulan umur 25-34iaitu sebanyak 33.1 peratus diikuti oleh
kumpulan umur 15-24 (26.7%). Penduduk
berhijrah dalam kumpulan umur ini mewakili
lebih separuh daripada keseluruhan migran
dalaman dengan 59.8 peratus, namun menurun
sebanyak 0.5 mata peratus berbanding tempoh
2011–2012. Peratusan migran dalaman untuk
kumpulan umur ini bagi perempuan adalah 60.6
peratus iaitu lebih tinggi berbanding lelaki
(59.1%).
Kumpulan umur 1–14 merupakan kumpulan
migran dalaman ketiga terbesar, mencatatkan
penurunan daripada 21.8 peratus bagi tempoh
2011–2012 kepada 20.6 peratus bagi tempoh
2012–2013.
For the period 2012–2013, the largest group of
internal migrants was the 25-34 age group at33.1 per cent, followed by the 15-24 age group
(26.7%). Population migration in this age group
represents more than half of the total internal
migrants with 59.8 percent, however decreased
by 0.5 percentage point compared to the period
2011–2012. The proportion of internal migrants
in this age group for females was 60.6 per cent
higher than males (59.1%).
The 1-14 age group, the third largest group of
internal migrants recorded a decline from 21.8
per cent for the period 2011–2012 to 20.6 per
cent for the period 2012–2013.
Carta 5:
Chart 5:
Migran dalaman mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan
2012–2013
Internal migrants by sex and age group, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
(%) (%)
21.8
26.8
33.5
10.4
6.4
1.1
21.6
25.9
33.5
11.3
6.9
0.9
22.2
27.9
33.6
9.3
5.9
1.2
0.010.020.030.040.0
2011-2012
20.6
26.7
33.1
11.6
7.0
1.0
19.4
26.3
32.8
13.3
7.4
0.8
22.0
27.1
33.5
9.6
6.6
1.2
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
2012-2013Kumpulan Umur Age group
65 &
lebih/over
45–64
1–14
15–24
25–34
35–44
Perempuan
FemaleLelaki
MaleJumlah
Total
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 7
Kadar migrasi dalaman bagi lelaki dan
perempuan adalah masing-masing sebanyak
2.3 dan 2.0 peratus. Kadar migrasi dalaman
bagi kumpulan umur 25 –34 bagi lelaki
mahupun perempuan merupakan yangtertinggi berbanding dengan kumpulan umur
yang lain iaitu masing-masing sebanyak 3.9
dan 3.8 peratus.
The internal migration rates for male and
female were 2.3 and 2.0 per cent respectively.
The internal migration rates in the 25–34 age
group for both sexes were the highest as
compared to other age groups with 3.9 and 3.8 per cent respectively.
Carta 6:
Chart 6:
Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Internal migration rates by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2012–2013
1.8
3.1
3.9
2.2
0.9
0.3
1.8
2.8
3.8
1.5
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
1—14 15—24 25—34 35—44 45—64 65 & lebih/over
JumlahTotal
2.2
Lelaki
Male 2.3Perempuan
Female2.0
65 & lebih/over
Kumpulan umur / Age group
Perempuan
Female
Lelaki
Male
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RINGKASAN PENEMUANSUMMARY OF FINDINGS
8 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
CIRI-CIRI GUNA TENAGA MIGRAN CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYED
MIGRANTS
Kadar penyertaan migran lelaki dan perempuan
dalam pasaran buruh lebih tinggi berbanding bukan migran. Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh
(KPTB) migran dalaman secara keseluruhan
ialah 73.8 peratus, 6.8 mata peratus lebih tinggi
berbanding bukan migran (67.0%). Ini
menunjukkan bahawa faktor pekerjaan
mempengaruhi penghijrahan penduduk.
The participation rate of male and female
migrants in the labour market was higher thannon-migrants. The overall internal migrant
labour force participation rates (LFPR) was
73.8 percent, 6.8 percentage point higher than
non-migrants (67.0%). This indicates that
occupation factor has influenced the migration
population.
KPTB tertinggi bagi migran lelaki dan
perempuan berada dalam kumpulan umur 25–34
iaitu masing-masing merekodkan 98.2 dan 71.5
peratus.
The highest LFPR for male and female migrants
was in the 25– 34 age group which recorded at
98.2 and 71.5 per cent respectively.
Carta 7:
Chart 7:
Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut jantina dan
kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Labour force participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by sex and age group,
Malaysia, 2012–2013
8 5 . 9
6 2 . 7
9 8 . 2
9 8 . 0
9 2 . 0
8 0 . 5
4 8 . 7
9 6 . 8
9 7 . 7
8 5 . 0
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Jumlah
Total
15–24 25–34 35–44 45–64
K P T B / L F P R ( % )
5 8 . 9
4 2 . 3
7 1 . 5
6 6 . 8
5 1 . 8
5 2 . 5
3 3 . 3
6 9 . 2
6 5 . 1
4 7 . 7
JumlahTotal
15–24 25–34 35–44 45–64Jumlah
Total Jumlah
Total
Lelaki/ Male Perempuan/ Female
Migran dalaman
Internal migrant
Bukan migran
Non-migrant
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 9
SEBAB-SEBAB PENGHIJRAHAN REASONS FOR MIGRATION
Hampir separuh daripada migran dalaman di
Malaysia berhijrah kerana mengikut keluarga.
Walau bagaimanapun, peratusan migran inimenurun kepada 42.7 peratus bagi tempoh
2012–2013 berbanding 43.4 peratus bagi
tempoh 2011–2012. Sebaliknya, peratusan
penduduk yang berhijrah disebabkan faktor
persekitaran meningkat sebanyak 4.8 mata
peratus kepada 24.5 peratus. Peratus migran
yang berpindah kerana kerjaya pula
mencatatkan penurunan sebanyak 2.2 mata
peratus kepada 19.6 peratus.
Almost half of the internal migrants in Malaysia
migrate to follow their family. Nevertheless, the
proportion of this migrants declined to 42.7 percent for the period 2012–2013 compared to 43.4
percent for the period 2011–2012. However, the
percentage of migrants due to the environment
factor increased by 4.8 percentage point to 24.5
percent. The percentage of migrants who move
due to career decreased by 2.2 percentage point
to 19.6 percent.
Carta 8:
Chart 8:
Sebab-sabab penghijrahan penduduk, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Percentage distribution of reasons for migration of population, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and
2012–2013
43.4
42.7
19.7
24.5
21.8
19.6
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.8
3.6
2.1
2011–2012
2012–2013
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0%
Mengikut keluarga
Follow family
Kerjaya
Career
Perkahwinan &
Perceraian
Marriage & Divorce
Persekitaran
Environment
Pendidikan
Education
Lain-lain
Others
Peratus/ Per cent (%)
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10 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
NISBAH KEBERKESANAN MIGRASI MIGRATION EFFECTIVENESS RATIO
Sabah mencatatkan nisbah keberkesanan
migrasi positif iaitu 43.0 peratus. Ini bermakna
penduduk Sabah akan bertambah sebanyak 43
orang bagi setiap 100 penghijrahan masuk atau
keluar bagi negeri tersebut.
Sabah indicated the positive migration
effectiveness ratio at 43.0 per cent. This means
that Sabah population will increase by 43
persons for every 100 movements into or out
for the state.
Sebaliknya, W.P. Kuala Lumpur mencatatkan
nisbah keberkesanan migrasi negatif iaitu 58.8
peratus. Ini menunjukkan W.P. Kuala Lumpur
kehilangan 58 atau 59 orang bagi setiap 100
penghijrahan masuk atau keluar bagi negeri
tersebut.
On the contrary, W.P. Kuala Lumpur recorded
a negative migration effectiveness ratio at 58.8
per cent. This indicates that W.P. Kuala
Lumpur lose 58 or 59 persons for every 100
movements into or out for the state.
Carta 9:
Chart 9:
Nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri,
Malaysia, 2012–2013
Migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
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JADUAL
TABLES
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JADUALTABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 11
Jadual 1:
Table 1: Perangkaan utama migrasi, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Main indicators of migration, Malaysia, 2011 –2012 and 2012 –2013
Perkara
Item
Tempoh
Period
2011–2012 2012–2013
Taburan peratus penduduk mengikut taraf migrasi
Percentage distribution of population by migration status
(%)
Jumlah
Total100.0 100.0
Migran
Migrants 2.6 2.4
100.0 100.0
Migran dalam negeri
Intra-state migrants61.3 62.3
Migran antara negeri
Inter-state migrants28.5 26.7
Migran antarabangsa
International migrants
a
10.3 11.0
Bukan migran
Non-migrants97.4 97.6
Bilangan migran dalaman mengikut taraf migrasi
Number of internal migrants by migration status
(‘000)
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants678.7 629.4
Migran dalam negeri
Intra-state migrants463.4 440.7
Migran antara negeri
Inter-state migrants215.3 188.7
a
Excludes migrants from Malaysia to other countries Tidak termasuk migran dari Malaysia ke negara lain
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JADUALTABLES
12 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Jadual 2: Migran masuk mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Table 2: In-migrants by state, Malaysia
, 2011 –2012 and 2012 –2013
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
Tempoh
Period
2011 – 2012 2012 – 2013
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Malaysia 215.3 100.0 188.6 100.0
Johor 11.3 5.2 17.5 9.3
Kedah 21.0 9.8 10.8 5.7
Kelantan 17.9 8.3 13.7 7.3
Melaka 5.9 2.7 7.5 4.0
Negeri Sembilan 7.5 3.5 3.4 1.8
Pahang 11.8 5.5 10.9 5.8
Pulau Pinang 18.2 8.5 14.1 7.5
Perak 15.1 7.0 8.8 4.6
Perlis 1.6 0.7 1.3 0.7
Selangor 57.8 26.8 62.2 33.0
Terengganu 8.6 4.0 8.0 4.2
Sabah 12.3 5.7 10.8 5.7
Sarawak 12.1 5.6 9.1 4.8
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur12.6 5.9 9.4 5.0
W.P.
Labuan0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0
W.P.
Putrajaya1.7 0.8 1.1 0.6
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
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JADUALTABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 13
Jadual 3: Migran keluar mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Table 3 : Out-migrants by state, Malaysia
, 2011 –2012 and 2012 –2013
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
Tempoh
Period
2011 – 2012 2012 – 2013
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Malaysia 215.3 100.0 188.6 100.0
Johor 21.9 10.2 16.7 8.8
Kedah 18.9 8.8 12.2 6.5
Kelantan 9.8 4.6 9.4 5.0
Melaka 6.9 3.2 6.8 3.6
Negeri Sembilan 14.1 6.5 12.6 6.7
Pahang 17.0 7.9 12.7 6.7
Pulau Pinang 13.0 6.0 11.5 6.1
Perak 23.0 10.7 16.5 8.7
Perlis 1.1 0.5 1.4 0.7
Selangor 35.4 16.4 31.2 16.6
Terengganu 11.9 5.5 7.0 3.7
Sabah 10.4 4.8 4.3 2.3
Sarawak 5.0 2.3 4.8 2.5
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur23.8 11.1 36.2 19.2
W.P.
Labuan0.9 0.4 1.7 0.9
W.P.
Putrajaya 2.2 1.0 3.6 1.9
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
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14 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Jadual 4: Migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Table 4: Net migration by state, Malaysia
, 2011 –2012 and 2012 –2013
(‘000)
Negeri
State
Tempoh
Period
2011 – 2012 2012 – 2013
Johor -10.7 0.8
Kedah 2.1 -1.4
Kelantan 8.1 4.3
Melaka -1.1 0.7
Negeri Sembilan -6.6 -9.2
Pahang -5.2 -1.8
Pulau Pinang 5.2 2.6
Perak -7.9 -7.7
Perlis 0.5 -0.1
Selangor 22.4 31.0
Terengganu -3.3 1.0
Sabah 1.8 6.5
Sarawak 7.1 4.3
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur-11.2 -26.8
W.P.Labuan
-0.7 -1.7
W.P.
Putrajaya-0.5 -2.5
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
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PENDUDUK BERUMUR
1 TAHUN DAN LEBIH
POPULATION AGED
1 YEAR AND OVER
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JADUALTABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 15
Jadual 5: Migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri destinasi dan taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2011–2012
dan 2012–2013
Table 5: Migrants from the population by state of destination and migration status, Malaysia
, 2011 –2012 and
2012 –2013
(%)
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
TempohPeriod
2011-2012 2012-2013
Jumlah
Total
Dalam
negeri
Intra-
state
Antara
negeri
Inter-
state
Antara-
bangsa
Inter-
national
a Jumlah
Total
Dalam
negeri
Intra-
state
Antara
negeri
Inter-
state
Antara-
bangsa
Inter-
national
a
Malaysia 2.6 1.6 0.8 0.3 2.4 1.5 0.7 0.3
Johor 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 2.5 1.7 0.5 0.3
Kedah 3.2 1.9 1.1 0.3 2.0 1.4 0.5 0.1
Kelantan 3.0 1.7 1.1 0.1 2.4 1.4 0.8 0.2
Melaka 2.2 1.4 0.7 0.1 2.4 1.4 0.9 0.1
Negeri
Sembilan1.8 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.1
Pahang 1.8 0.7 0.8 0.3 2.6 1.5 0.7 0.4
Pulau Pinang 3.5 2.0 1.2 0.3 2.7 1.6 0.9 0.2
Perak 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.3
Perlis 1.2 0.4 0.7 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.0
Selangor 3.5 2.3 1.0 0.2 3.6 2.1 1.1 0.4
Terengganu 2.2 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.9 1.1 0.7 0.1
Sabah 3.0 2.3 0.4 0.3 2.8 2.2 0.3 0.2
Sarawak 3.7 2.7 0.5 0.5 2.7 1.9 0.4 0.5
W.P.
Kuala Lumpur1.1 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.7 - 0.6 0.1
W.P.
Labuan0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 - 0.0 -
W.P.
Putrajaya2.4 0.0 2.3 0.2 1.5 - 1.4 0.1
Nota: Notes: a
Excludes migrants from Malaysia to other countries
Tidak termasuk migran dari Malaysia ke negara lain
* Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53. Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
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JADUALTABLES
16 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
Jadual 6:
Table 6:
Kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan
lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 1 year and over by state,
Malaysia, 2012–2013
Negeri
State
Bilangan Number
(‘000)
(Kadar bagi setiap 1,000penduduk)
(Rate per 1,000 population)
Bilangan Number
(‘000)
(bagi setiap
1,000penduduk)
(per 1,000
population)
Peratus
Per cent
Migran
masuk
In-
migrants
Migran
keluar
Out-
migrants
Migrasi
bersih
Net
migration
Migrasi
masuk
In-
migration
Migrasi
keluar
Out-
migration
Migrasi
bersih
Net
migration
Migrasi
kasar
Gross
migration
Kadar
migrasi
kasar
Gross
migration
rate
Nisbah
keberkesanan
migrasi
Migration
effectiveness
ratio
Malaysia 188.6 188.6 0.0 n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a
Johor 17.5 16.7 0.8 5.2 4.9 0.2 34.2 10.1 2.3
Kedah 10.8 12.2 -1.4 5.5 6.2 -0.7 23.0 11.6 -6.1
Kelantan 13.7 9.4 4.3 8.5 5.8 2.7 23.1 14.2 18.6
Melaka 7.5 6.8 0.7 9.0 8.2 0.8 14.3 17.2 4.9
Negeri
Sembilan3.4 12.6 -9.2 3.3 12.0 -8.8 16.0 15.3 -57.5
Pahang 10.9 12.7 -1.8 7.1 8.3 -1.1 23.6 15.4 -7.6
Pulau Pinang 14.1 11.5 2.6 8.8 7.2 1.6 25.6 16.0 10.2
Perak 8.8 16.5 -7.7 3.7 6.9 -3.2 25.3 10.6 -30.4
Perlis 1.3 1.4 -0.1 5.6 5.9 -0.3 2.7 11.5 -3.7
Selangor 62.2 31.2 31.0 11.1 5.6 5.5 93.4 16.7 33.2
Terengganu 8.0 7.0 1.0 7.4 6.5 0.9 15.0 13.8 6.7
Sabah 10.8 4.3 6.5 3.2 1.3 1.9 15.1 4.5 43.0
Sarawak 9.1 4.8 4.3 3.6 1.9 1.7 13.9 5.5 30.9
W.P.Kuala Lumpur 9.4 36.2 -26.8 5.5 21.0 -15.8 45.6 26.9 -58.8
W.P.
Labuan0.0 1.7 -1.7 0.4 18.9 -18.8 1.7 19.7 -100.0
W.P.
Putrajaya1.1 3.6 -2.5 14.2 44.6 -31.8 4.7 60.1 -53.2
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 17
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
Jadual 7:
Table 7:
Migran dalaman mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Internal migrants by state of origin and destination, Malaysia, 2012–2013
(‘000)
Negeri asal
State of origin
Negeri destinasi
State of destination
M a l a y s i a
J o h o r
K e d a h
K e l a n t a n
M e l a k a
N e g e r i
S e m b i l a n
P a h a n g
P u l a u P i n a n g
P e r a k
P e r l i s
S e l a n g o r
T e r e n g g a n u
S a b a h
S a r a w a k
W . P .
K u a l a L u m p u r
W . P .
L a b u a n
W . P .
P u t r a j a y a
Malaysia 629.4 73.9 38.3 36.4 19.3 8.9 34.3 40.1 22.8 2.6 180.6 19.6 86.0 56.0 9.4 0.0 1.1
Johor 73.1 56.4 0.3 1.5 1.8 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 6.6 0.3 2.0 1.7 0.3 - 0.1
Kedah 39.7 0.7 27.5 0.6 0.3 - 0.7 5.1 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.4 1.0 - 0.0
Kelantan 32.1 1.4 1.1 22.7 0.2 0.1 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.0 2.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 0.1
Melaka 18.6 1.3 0.3 0.2 11.7 0.1 0.6 0.0 - - 2.7 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.6 - 0.0
Negeri
Sembilan18.1 0.8 0.1 0.6 1.4 5.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 7.3 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.4 - 0.1
Pahang 36.1 1.6 0.6 1.8 0.2 0.4 23.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 3.2 1.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 - 0.0
Pulau Pinang 37.6 0.3 3.1 0.2 0.3 - 0.3 26.1 0.1 0.0 5.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.8 - 0.0
Perak 30.6 3.0 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.5 3.2 14.1 - 4.9 0.4 0.8 0.1 1.3 - 0.0
Perlis 2.7 0.2 0.4 - - - 0.1 0.1 - 1.3 0.3 - 0.2 - - - -
Selangor 149.7 2.9 2.8 3.7 1.3 1.8 2.8 2.3 4.0 0.3 118.4 1.8 2.3 0.9 3.6 - 0.7
Terengganu 18.6 0.8 0.4 1.6 0.6 - 1.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.1 11.6 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.0
Sabah 79.5 0.6 - - 0.4 - 0.6 0.0 - - 0.8 - 75.2 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.0
Sarawak 51.7 0.5 - 0.2 0.2 - 0.0 - - 0.0 2.1 0.3 1.2 46.9 0.3 - 0.0
W.P.Kuala Lumpur
36.2 3.2 0.6 2.2 0.8 0.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.1 21.5 0.6 2.1 0.7 - - 0.1
W.P.
Labuan1.7 - - 0.4 - - - - - - - - 0.8 0.6 - - -
W.P.
Putrajaya3.6 0.2 - 0.0 - 0.2 0.1 0.4 - 0.1 2.6 - - - - - -
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18 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Jadual 8:
Table 8:
Migran dalaman mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Internal migrants by strata, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
(%)
Strata
Strata
Tempoh
Period
2011–2012 2012–2013
Jumlah
Total100.0 100.0
Bandar-Bandar
Urban-Urban61.5 64.8
Bandar-Luar bandarUrban-Rural 20.4 17.3
Luar bandar-Bandar
Rural-Urban7.5 7.7
Luar bandar- Luar bandar
Rural-Rural10.6 10.2
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 19
Jadual 9:
Table 9:
Migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri mengikut negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Intra-state and inter-state migrants by state and strata, Malaysia, 2012–2013
(%)
Negeri destinasi
State of
destination
Migran dalam negeri
Intra-state migrants
Migran antara negeri
Inter-state migrants
Jumlah
Total
Strata
Strata Jumlah
Total
Strata
Strata
Bandar-
Bandar
Urban-
Urban
Bandar
-Luar
bandar
Urban-
Rural
Luar
bandar-
Bandar
Rural-
Urban
Luar
bandar
-Luar
bandar
Rural-
Rural
Bandar-
Bandar
Urban-
Urban
Bandar
-Luar
bandar
Urban-
Rural
Luar
bandar-
Bandar
Rural-
Urban
Luar
bandar -
Luar
bandar
Rural-
Rural
Malaysia 100.0 60.8 16.7 9.0 13.5 100.0 74.2 18.6 4.6 2.5
Johor 100.0 54.0 13.0 18.7 14.3 100.0 64.2 8.3 25.0 2.5
Kedah 100.0 25.1 33.0 17.2 24.7 100.0 48.0 38.5 8.9 4.6
Kelantan 100.0 21.2 32.0 6.5 40.4 100.0 40.0 52.7 1.7 5.7
Melaka 100.0 91.9 8.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 81.7 12.5 5.8 -
Negeri
Sembilan100.0 58.2 14.1 5.6 22.1 100.0 44.0 56.0 - -
Pahang 100.0 43.5 33.5 8.0 15.0 100.0 73.0 22.0 3.3 1.7
Pulau Pinang 100.0 78.7 12.8 3.0 5.6 100.0 77.5 16.2 2.2 4.0
Perak 100.0 69.3 11.3 6.4 13.0 100.0 46.7 37.2 3.9 12.2
Perlis 100.0 11.9 14.2 33.4 40.5 100.0 33.9 54.8 7.9 3.4
Selangor 100.0 90.5 9.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 94.6 4.9 0.5 -
Terengganu 100.0 25.2 15.5 17.5 41.8 100.0 54.1 29.2 7.0 9.8
Sabah 100.0 51.7 22.4 11.8 14.2 100.0 77.1 17.0 1.9 3.9
Sarawak 100.0 47.4 11.7 16.9 24.0 100.0 55.1 39.5 5.4 -
W.P.Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P.
Labuan- - - - - 100.0 34.2 - 65.8 -
W.P.
Putrajayan.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
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JADUALTABLES
20 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Jadual 10:
Table 10:
Migran dalaman mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2011–2012
an 2012–2013
Internal migrants by sex and age group, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
Jantina/
Kumpulan umur (tahun)
Sex/Age group (year)
Tempoh
Period
2011–2012 2012–2013
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Jumlah
Total
Jumlah
Total678.7 100.0 629.4 100.0
1–14 148.3 21.8 129.7 20.6
15–24 181.8 26.8 167.9 26.7
25–34 227.6 33.5 208.5 33.1
35–44 70.4 10.4 73.2 11.6
45–64 43.5 6.4 44.1 7.0
65 & lebih/ over 7.1 1.1 6.1 1.0
Lelaki
Male
Jumlah
Total361.4 100.0 339.7 100.0
1–14 77.9 21.6 65.9 19.415–24 93.4 25.9 89.4 26.3
25–34 121.1 33.5 111.5 32.8
35–44 40.8 11.3 45.3 13.3
45–64 24.8 6.9 25.0 7.4
65 & lebih/ over 3.3 0.9 2.6 0.8
Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total
317.3 100.0 289.7 100.0
1–14 70.4 22.2 63.7 22.0
15–24 88.4 27.9 78.5 27.1
25–34 106.5 33.6 97.0 33.5
35–44 29.6 9.3 27.9 9.6
45–64 18.7 5.9 19.1 6.6
65 & lebih/ over 3.8 1.2 3.5 1.2
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JADUALTABLES
Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 21
adual 11:
able 11:
Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia,2012 – 2013
Internal migration rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2012–
(%)
2013
Kumpulan Umur (tahun) Age group (year)
JumlahTotal
Lelaki Male
PerempuanFemale
Jumlah
Total2.2 2.3 2.0
1 – 14 1.8 1.8 1.8
15 – 24 2.9 3.1 2.8
25 – 34 3.8 3.9 3.8
35 – 44 1.9 2.2 1.5
45 – 64 0.8 0.9 0.7
65 & lebih/ over 0.4 0.3 0.4
Jadual 12: Nisbah jantina migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut kumpulan umur,
Malaysia, 2012 – 2013
Table 12 : Sex ratio of internal migrants and non-migrants by age group, Malaysia, 2012 –
2013
Kumpulan umur (tahun)
Age group (year)
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total117 105
1 – 14 103 105
15 – 24 114 105
25 – 34 115 110
35 – 44 163 106
45 – 64 131 104
65 & lebih/ over 72 92
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22 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Jadual 13:
Table 13:
Migran dalaman berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2011–2012
dan 2012–2013
Internal migrants aged 1 year and over by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
Kumpulan etnik
Ethnic group
Tempoh
Period
2011–2012 2012–2013
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Jumlah
Total678.7 100.0 629.4 100.0
Warganegara Malaysia
Malaysian citizens594.7 87.6 529.3 84.1
Bumiputera 472.2 79.4 424.4 80.2
Melayu
Malay371.8 62.5 346.2 65.4
Bumiputera lain
Other Bumiputera100.4 16.9 78.2 14.8
Cina
Chinese71.2 12.0 64.7 12.2
India
Indians43.8 7.4 36.1 6.8
Lain-lain
Others7.5 1.3 4.2 0.8
Bukan warganegara Malaysia
Non-Malaysian citizens84.0 12.4 100.1 15.9
Jadual 14: Table 14:
Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan etnik dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012–2013 Internal migration rates by ethnic group and sex, Malaysia, 2012–2013
(%)
Kumpulan etnik
Ethnic group
Jumlah
Total
Lelaki
Male
Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total2.2 2.3 2.0
Warganegara Malaysia
Malaysian citizens2.0 2.0 2.0
Bumiputera 2.3 2.4 2.3
Melayu
Malay2.4 2.4 2.3
Bumiputera lain
Other Bumiputera2.3 2.2 2.3
Cina
Chinese1.0 1.1 0.9
India
Indians1.8 1.8 1.9
Lain-lain
Others1.9 1.4 2.4
Bukan warganegara Malaysia
Non-Malaysian citizens
4.3 4.8 3.4
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Jadual 15: Migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut kumpulanetnik dan strata destinasi, Malaysia, 2012 – 2013
Table 15: Internal migrants and non-migrants aged 1 year and over by ethnic group and strata of
destination, Malaysia, 2012 –
2013
(%)
Kumpulan etnik
Ethnic group
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total
Bandar
Urban
Luar
bandar
Rural
Jumlah
Total
Bandar
Urban
Luar
bandar
Rural
Jumlah
Total100.0 72.5 27.5 100.0 68.5 31.5
Warganegara Malaysia
Malaysian citizens100.0 72.2 27.8 100.0 68.2 31.8
Bumiputera 100.0 67.5 32.5 100.0 57.8 42.2
Melayu
Malay100.0 67.3 32.7 100.0 60.8 39.2
Bumiputera lain
Other Bumiputera100.0 68.7 31.3 100.0 44.8 55.2
Cina
Chinese100.0 91.4 8.6 100.0 90.7 9.3
India
Indians100.0 91.8 8.2 100.0 89.5 10.5
Lain-lain
Others100.0 75.9 24.1 100.0 66.1 33.9
Bukan warganegara Malaysia
Non-Malaysian citizens100.0 74.5 25.5 100.0 72.1 27.9
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JADUALTABLES
24 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Jadual 16:
Table 16:
Sebab-sebab penghijrahan penduduk, Malaysia, 2011–2012 dan 2012–2013
Reasons for migration of population, Malaysia, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013
Sebab penghijrahan Reasons for migration
Tempoh
Period
2011–2012 2012–2013
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
Peratus
Per cent
Jumlah
Total 678.7 100.0 629.5 100.0
Mengikut keluarga
Follow family 294.5 43.4 269.0 42.7
Kerjaya
Career 147.6 21.8 123.3 19.6
Berpindah tempat kerja/
memulakan pekerjaan baru
Job transfer/to start a new job125.5 18.5 99.5 15.8
Mencari kerja
Seeking work 12.1 1.8 13.5 2.1
Berhenti kerja
Resign 8.8 1.3 9.9 1.6
Bersara
Retire 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.1
Persekitaran
Environment 133.8 19.7 154.4 24.5
Pendidikan
Education 39.1 5.7 33.1 5.3
Memasuki persekolahan
Start schooling 33.4 4.9 27.2 4.3
Telah tamat persekolahan
Complete schooling 5.7 0.8 5.9 0.9
Perkahwinan & perceraian
Marriage & divorce 39.0 5.8 36.4 5.8
Perkahwinan
Marriage 35.7 5.3 34.2 5.4
Perceraian
Divorce 3.3 0.5 2.2 0.3
Lain-lain
Others24.7 3.6 13.3 2.1
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PENDUDUK BERUMUR
15-64 TAHUN
POPULATION AGED
15-64 YEARS
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 25
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
Jadual 17:
Table 17:
Kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur
15-64 tahun mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration effectiveness ratio of the population aged 15-64 years by
state, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Negeri
State
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
(Kadar bagi setiap 1,000
penduduk)
(Rate per 1,000 population)
Bilangan
Number
(‘000)
(bagisetiap
1,000
penduduk)
(per 1,000
population)
Peratus
Per cent
Migran
masuk In-
migrants
Migran
keluarOut-
migrants
Migrasi
bersih Net
migration
Migrasi
masuk In-
migration
Migrasi
keluarOut-
migration
Migrasi
bersih Net
migration
Migrasi
kasarGross
migration
Kadar
migrasi
kasarGross
migration
rate
Nisbah
keberkesanan
migrasi Migration
effectiveness
ratio
Malaysia 156.0 156.0 0.0 n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a
Johor 15.1 15.1 0.0 6.4 6.4 0.0 30.2 12.7 0.0
Kedah 8.9 10.9 -2.0 6.7 8.2 -1.5 19.8 14.9 -10.1
Kelantan 9.4 8.4 1.0 9.1 8.1 1.0 17.8 17.2 5.6
Melaka 5.9 5.9 0.0 10.2 10.1 0.1 11.8 20.3 0.0
Negeri
Sembilan2.8 9.6 -6.8 3.8 13.1 -9.4 12.4 17.0 -54.8
Pahang 8.7 10.0 -1.3 8.4 9.7 -1.3 18.7 18.2 -7.0
Pulau Pinang 12.6 9.7 2.9 10.9 8.4 2.5 22.3 19.3 13.0
Perak 6.6 12.9 -6.3 4.1 7.9 -3.9 19.5 12.0 32.3
Perlis 0.9 1.3 -0.4 5.8 8.0 -2.3 2.2 13.9 -18.2
Selangor 52.6 24.5 28.1 12.9 6.1 6.9 77.1 18.9 36.4
Terengganu 7.0 6.0 1.0 10.0 8.6 1.4 13.0 18.6 7.7
Sabah 9.0 3.6 5.4 3.8 1.5 2.3 12.6 5.3 42.9
Sarawak 7.3 3.8 3.5 4.3 2.2 2.0 11.1 6.5 31.5
W.P.
Kuala
Lumpur
8.4 30.6 -22.2 6.6 23.9 -17.7 39.0 31.0 -56.9
W.P.
Labuan0.0 1.4 -1.4 0.2 22.5 -22.8 1.4 23.2 -100.0
W.P.
Putrajaya0.8 2.3 -1.5 16.5 42.9 -27.5 3.1 60.6 -48.4
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JADUALTABLES
26 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Jadual 18:
Table 18: Migran dalaman berumur 15 – 64 tahun mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Internal migrants aged 15 – 64 years by state of origin and destination, Malaysia, 2012–2013
(‘000)
Negeri asalState of origin
Negeri destinasiState of destination
M a l a y s i a
J o h o r
K e d a h
K e l a n t a n
M e l a k a
N e g e r i
S e m b i l a n
P a h a n g
P u l a u P i n a n g
P e r a k
P e r l i s
S e l a n g o r
T e r e n g g a n u
S a b a h
S a r a w a k
W . P .
K u a l a L u m p u r
W . P .
L a b u a n
W . P .
P u t r a j a y a
Malaysia 493.6 57.3 29.4 24.0 14.3 7.3 24.8 33.9 18.2 1.9 146.5 14.6 68.5 43.8 8.4 0.0 0.8
Johor 57.3 42.2 0.3 1.0 1.5 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.0 6.5 0.3 1.6 1.6 0.3 - 0.1
Kedah 31.4 0.7 20.5 0.4 0.3 - 0.5 4.9 0.9 0.4 1.3 0.5 - 0.4 0.7 - 0.0
Kelantan 23.0 1.4 1.0 14.6 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 1.8 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 0.1
Melaka 14.3 0.9 0.3 0.2 8.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 - - 2.5 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.6 - 0.0
NegeriSembilan
14.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 1.2 4.5 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 5.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 - 0.1
Pahang 26.1 1.6 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.4 16.1 0.0 0.8 0.0 2.1 1.6 0.2 0.8 0.4 - 0.0
Pulau Pinang 31.0 0.3 2.4 0.2 0.1 - 0.3 21.3 0.1 0.0 5.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 - 0.0
Perak 24.5 2.4 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.4 11.6 - 4.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.3 - 0.0
Perlis 2.2 0.2 0.3 - - - 0.1 0.1 - 0.9 0.3 - 0.2 - - - -
Selangor 118.4 2.0 2.4 2.9 1.1 1.3 2.3 2.1 2.5 0.3 93.9 1.3 1.8 0.9 3.1 - 0.5
Terengganu 13.6 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.3 - 1.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.1 7.6 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.0
Sabah 63.1 0.3 - - 0.1 - 0.4 0.0 - - 0.8 - 59.5 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.0
Sarawak 40.4 0.5 - 0.2 0.2 - 0.0 - - 0.0 1.3 0.3 1.1 36.5 0.3 - 0.0
W.P.Kuala Lumpur
30.6 3.0 0.2 1.7 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.1 18.6 0.6 1.8 0.6 - - 0.0
W.P.Labuan
1.4 - - 0.1 - - - - - - - - 0.8 0.6 - - -
W.P.Putrajaya
2.3 0.2 - 0.0 - 0.1 0.1 0.2 - 0.1 1.6 - - - - - -
Nota: Ralat piawai relatif bagi W.P. Labuan melebihi 30 peratus. Sila rujuk muka surat 53.
Notes: Relative standard error for W.P. Labuan more than 30 per cent. Please refer page 53.
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 27
Jadual 19:
Table 19 :
Migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15 – 64 tahun mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 – 2013
Internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by age group and sex, Malaysia,
2012–2013
(%)
Kumpulan
umur (tahun)
Age group (year)
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total
Lelaki
Male
Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total
Lelaki
Male
Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
15 – 24 34.0 33.0 35.3 27.8 27.7 28.0
25 – 34 42.2 41.1 43.6 26.2 26.6 25.8
35 – 44 14.8 16.7 12.5 19.2 19.2 19.2
45 – 64 8.9 9.2 8.6 26.7 26.5 27.0
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28 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013
Jadual 20:
Table 20:
Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut kumpulan
umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Labour force participation rate of internal migrants and non-migrants by age group and sex, Malaysia,
2012–2013
(%)Kumpulan umur
(tahun)
Age group
(year)
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total
Lelaki
Male
Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total
Lelaki
Male
Perempuan
Female
Jumlah
Total73.8 85.9 58.9 67.0 80.5 52.5
15–24 53.2 62.7 42.3 41.2 48.7 33.3
25–34 85.8 98.2 71.5 83.6 96.8 69.2
35–44 86.2 98.0 66.8 81.9 97.7 65.1
45–64 81.6 92.0 51.8 66.8 85.0 47.7
Jadual 21:
Table 21:
Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut strata dan
jantina, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Labour force participation rate of internal migrants and non-migrants by strata and sex, Malaysia,
2012–2013
(%)
Strata
Strata
Jumlah
Total
Lelaki
Male
Perempuan
Female
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bandar-Bandar
Urban-Urban 74.8 85.6 61.3
Bandar-Luar bandar
Urban-Rural 73.3 89.8 54.0
Luar bandar-Bandar
Rural-Urban73.6 80.8 64.0
Luar bandar-Luar bandar
Rural-Rural66.9 85.8 47.3
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Bandar
Urban 67.7 80.1 54.8
Luar bandar
Rural 65.2 81.5 47.2
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Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2013 29
Jadual 22:
Table 22 :
Migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut taraf pekerjaan, Malaysia,
2012–2013
Employed internal migrants and non-migrants by status in employment, Malaysia, 2012–2013
(%)
Taraf pekerjaanStatus in employment Migran dalaman Internal migrants Bukan migran Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total100.0 100.0
Majikan
Employer2.2 4.0
Pekerja
Employee86.0 73.2
Bekerja sendiri
Own account worker10.0 18.0
Pekerja keluarga tanpa gajiUnpaid family worker
1.9 4.8
Jadual 23:
Table 23:
Migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Employed internal migrants and non-migrants by occupation, Malaysia, 2012–2013
(%)
Pekerjaan
Occupation
Migran dalaman
Internal migrants
Bukan migran
Non-migrants
Jumlah
Total 100.0 100.0
Pengurus
Managers 3.5 5.4
Profesional
Professionals 13.8 9.6
Juruteknik dan profesional bersekutu
Technician and associate professionals 11.3 9.8
Pekerja sokongan perkeranian
Clerical support workers 7.9 9.0
Pekerja perkhidmatan dan jualan
Service and sales workers 21.0 21.8
Pekerja mahir pertanian, perhutanan dan perikananSkilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers 3.1 9.1
Pekerja kemahiran dan pekerja pertukangan yang
berkaitan
Craft and related trades workers 11.8 10.9
Operator loji dan mesin serta pemasang
Plant and machine-operators and assemblers 12.9 12.1
Pekerjaan asas
Elementary occupations14.8 12.3
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Jadual 24:
Table 24:
Migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut pekerjaan dan strata, Malaysia, 2012–2013
Employed internal migrants by occupation and strata, Malaysia, 2012–2013
(%)
Pekerjaan
Occupation
Bandar-Bandar
Urban-Urban
Bandar-
Luar bandarUrban-Rural
Luar bandar-
Bandar Rural-Urban
Luar bandar-
Luar bandar Rural-Rural
Jumlah
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pengurus
Managers4.3 1.4 1.7 2.2
Profesional
Professionals16.6 7.4 9.6 6.7
Juruteknik dan profesional
bersekutu
Technician and associate professionals
12.0 10.4 14.1 4.2
Pekerja sokongan perkeranian
Clerical support workers8.5 7.7 7.4 3.9
Pekerja perkhidmatan dan jualan
Service and sales workers19.6 21.3 23.4 28.9
Pekerja mahir pertanian,
perhutanan dan perikanan
Skilled agricultural, forestry and
fishery workers
0.6 9.1 6.3 8.8
Pekerja kemahiran dan pekerja
pertukangan yang berkaitan
Craft and related trades workers
10.1 15.7 11.4 18.0
Operator loji dan mesin serta
pemasang
Plant and machine-operators and
assemblers
13.6 8.9 16.2 12.1
Pekerjaan asas
Elementary occupations14.5 18.1 10.1 15.2
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Jadual 25:Table 25:
Migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, 2012–2013 Employed internal migrants by industry, Malaysia, 2012–2013
(%)
Industri Industry
Migran dalaman Internal migrants
Jumlah
Total 100.0
Pertanian, perhutanan dan perikanan
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 6.5
Perlombongan dan pengkuarian
Mining and quarrying 1.0
Pembuatan
Manufacturing 16.9
Bekalan elektrik, gas, wap dan pendingin udara
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 0.3
Bekalan air; pembentungan, pengurusan sisa dan aktiviti pemulihan
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 0.8
Pembinaan
Construction 14.4
Perkhidmatan
Services 59.0 100.0
Perdagangan borong dan runcit, pembaikan kenderaan bermotor dan motosikalWholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 13.9 23.6
Pengangkutan dan penyimpananTransportation and storage 5.1 8.6
Penginapan dan aktiviti perkhidmatan makanan dan minuman
Accommodation and food and beverage service activities 7.1 12.1
Maklumat dan komunikasi Information and communications 3.5 5.9
Aktiviti kewangan dan insurans/takaful
Financial and insurance/takaful activities 1.6 2.7
Aktiviti hartanah
Real estate activities 0.0 0.0
Aktiviti profesional, saintifik dan teknikal
Professional, scientific and technical activities 1.7 2.9
Aktiviti pentadbiran dan khidmat sokongan
Administrative and support service activities 4.5 7.7
Pentadbiran awam dan pertahanan; aktiviti keselamatan sosial wajib
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 7.5 12.8
Pendidikan
Education 6.8 11.5
Aktiviti kesihatan kemanusiaan dan kerja sosial
Human health and social work activities 4.9 8.4
Kesenian, hiburan dan rekreasi
Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.9 1.5
Aktiviti perkhidmatan lain
Other service activities 1.4 2.3
Aktiviti isi rumah sebagai majikan
Activities of households as employers 1.1
Aktiviti badan dan pertubuhan luar wilayah Activities of extraterritorial organisation and bodies 0.0
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OBJEKTIF PENYIASATAN OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY
1. Objektif Penyiasatan Migrasi adalah
untuk memberikan anggaran pergerakan dan
trend penduduk pada peringkat negeri. Selain
itu, penyiasatan ini juga bertujuan mendapatkan
maklumat tentang ciri-ciri sosioekonomi
penduduk migran dan bukan migran seperti
umur, jantina, guna tenaga dan jenis pekerjaan
di tempat destinasi serta sebab penghijrahan
penduduk.
1. The main objective of Migration Survey
is to provide estimates of population movements
and trends at state level. In addition, the surveyalso aims to obtain information on the socio-
economic characteristics of migrants and non-
migrants such as age, sex, employment and type
of occupation at the place of destination as well
as the reasons for population migration.
KAEDAH PENGUMPULAN METHOD OF COLLECTION
2. Penyiasatan Migrasi merupakan salah
satu modul Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh (PTB)
menggunakan kaedah temu ramah bersemuka
dengan responden. Dalam tempoh penyiasatan,
penemuramah terlatih melawat tempat kediaman
terpilih untuk mengumpulkan maklumat ahli isi
rumah termasuk butiran demografi.
2. Migration Survey is a module of the
Labour Force Survey (LFS), uses the face to
face interview method. During the survey
period, trained interviewers will visit selected
living quarters to collect household members’
information including demographic particulars.
3. Dari segi operasi, soalan PenyiasatanMigrasi ditujukan kepada ahli isi rumah yang
berumur 1 tahun dan lebih.
3.
In terms of operation, Migration Surveyquestions are directed for household members
aged 1 year and over.
4. Semakan kerja luar dibuat bagi
mengesan maklumat yang tertinggal serta
membetulkan sebarang kesalahan semasa
penyiasatan dijalankan.
4. Field operation checks are undertaken
to identify any omissions of information and to
correct any errors occurring at the time of the
survey.
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PUNGUTAN DATA DATA COLLECTION
5. Soal selidik penyiasatan direka bentuk
bagi mengumpul maklumat tempat tinggal biasa
responden untuk suatu tempoh tertentu bagi
tujuan penentuan taraf migrasi. Responden
ditanya mengenai tempat tinggal biasa mereka
pada dua titik masa (tarikh) tertentu di mana
tempoh di antaranya genap satu tahun.
Pertukaran lokaliti tempat tinggal biasa pada
dua titik masa ini dianggap sebagai migrasi.
Sebarang pergerakan di antara kedua-dua
tempoh rujukan ini tidak diambil kira. Ini bererti
skop data migrasi dalam Penyiasatan Migrasi
adalah terhad kepada “migrasi tempoh tetap”.
5. The survey questionnaire is designed to
collect information on respondents’ usual place
of residence for a certain period of time to
determine migration status. The respondents
will be asked for the usual place of residence at
two specific point of times (dates) which are
exactly one year apart. A change in the locality
of the usual place of residence at these two
points in time constitutes migration. Any
intervening move between these two reference
dates is not taken into consideration. This
means the scope of migration data in Migration
Survey is confined to “fixed-term migration”.
6. Maklumat demografi dan sosioekonomi
ahli akan diambil daripada soal selidik PTB.
6. Details on members’ demographic and
socio-economic characteristics will be extracted
from LFS questionnaire.
TEMPOH RUJUKAN REFERENCE PERIOD
7. Tempoh rujukan penyiasatan adalah
“tempoh rujukan bergerak mengikut bulanan”
iaitu:
7. The reference period of the survey is
“monthly moving reference period” that is:
Bulan penyiasatan
Survey month
Tempoh rujukan
Reference period
Januari
January
1 Januari 2012 hingga 1 Januari 2013
1 January 2012 to 1 January 2013
Februari
February
1 Februari 2012 hingga 1 Februari 2013
1 February 2012 to 1 February 2013
Mac
March
1 Mac 2012 hingga 1 Mac 2013
1 March 2012 to 1 March 2013
April
April
1 April 2012 hingga 1 April 2013
1 April 2012 to 1 April 2013
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Bulan penyiasatan
Survey month
Tempoh rujukan
Reference period
Mei
May
1 Mei 2012 hingga 1 Mei 2013
1 May 2012 to 1 May 2013
Jun
June
1 Jun 2012 hingga 1 Jun 2013
1 June 2012 to 1 June 2013
Julai
July
1 Julai 2012 hingga 1 Julai 2013
1 July 2012 to 1 July 2013
Ogos
August
1 Ogos 2012 hingga 1 Ogos 2013
1 August 2012 to 1 August 2013
September September
1 September 2012 hingga 1 September 2013 1 September 2012 to 1 September 2013
Oktober
October
1 Oktober 2012 hingga 1 Oktober 2013
1 October 2012 to 1 October 2013
November
November
1 November 2012 hingga 1 November 2013
1 November 2012 to 1 November 2013
Disember
December
1 Disember 2012 hingga 1 Disember 2013
1 December 2012 to 1 December 2013
LIPUTAN DAN SKOP COVERAGE AND SCOPE
8. Penyiasatan Migrasi dijalankan serentak
dengan PTB dan meliputi penduduk penyiasatan
yang sama iaitu kawasan bandar dan luar bandar
bagi semua negeri di Malaysia.
8. The Migration Survey which is carried
out simultaneously with the LFS covers the same
survey population that is urban and rural area
for all states in Malaysia.
9. Populasi penyiasatan terdiri daripada
penduduk yang tinggal di tempat kediaman
persendirian di Malaysia dan tidak termasuk
mereka yang tinggal di tempat kediaman
institusi seperti hotel, rumah tumpangan,
asrama, hospital, rumah orang tua, berek tentera
dan penjara.
9. The population covered is drawn from
all those residing in private living quarters in
Malaysia and therefore excludes persons living
in institutions such as hotels, boarding houses,
hostels, hospitals, old folks homes, military
barracks and prisons.
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10. Bagi tujuan penyiasatan ini, ahli biasa
sesuatu isi rumah mesti memenuhi syarat
berikut:
10. For the purpose of this survey, the usual
households’ members must satisfy the following
conditions:
seorang atau beberapa orang yang bersaudara dan/atau tidak bersaudara
yang biasanya tinggal bersama dan
membuat peraturan secara individu atau
dalam kumpulan untuk persediaan
makanan atau keperluan lain untuk
hidup;
one or more person(s) who may berelated and/or persons unrelated who
usually live together and make
provision individually or in a group for
the preparation of meal or other
essentials for living;
ahli biasa yang telah atau akan tinggal
di sesuatu tempat kediaman sekurang-
kurangnya bagi tempoh tiga bulan; dan
usual member that has/will live in a
living quarter for a period of at least
three months; and
berumur 1 tahun dan lebih. aged 1 year and over.
RANGKA PENSAMPELAN SAMPLING FRAME
11. Blok Penghitungan (BP) dalam rangka
pensampelan juga dikelaskan mengikut kawasan bandar dan luar bandar. Kawasan bandar
ditakrifkan mengikut definisi Banci Penduduk
dan Perumahan 2010 iaitu merujuk kepada
kawasan yang diwartakan serta kawasan tepu
bina yang bersempadan dengannya dan
gabungan kedua-dua kawasan mempunyai
penduduk seramai 10,000 atau lebih semasa
Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010. Kawasan
selainnya yang diwartakan dan mempunyai
penduduk kurang daripada 10,000 orang sertakawasan yang tidak diwartakan dikelaskan
sebagai luar bandar.
12. Kawasan tepu bina ditakrifkan sebagai
kawasan yang terletak bersebelahan kawasan
yang diwartakan dan mempunyai sekurang-
kurangnya 60 peratus penduduk (berumur 15
tahun dan lebih) yang terlibat dalam aktiviti
bukan pertanian.
11. The Enumeration Blocks (EB) in the
sampling frame are also classified by urban andrural areas. Urban areas as used in the 2010
Population and Housing Census were defined as
gazetted areas with their adjoining built-up
areas which had a combined population of
10,000 or more at the time of the 2010
Population and Housing Census. All other
gazetted areas with a population of less than
10,000 persons and non-gazetted areas are
classified as rural.
12. Built-up areas are defined as areas
contiguous to a gazetted area and had at least
60 per cent of their population (aged 15 years
and over) engaged in non-agricultural
activities.
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13. Pengelasan kawasan mengikut strata
adalah seperti berikut:
13. The classification of areas by strata is
as follows:
Strata
Metropolitan
Bilangan penduduk
75,000 dan lebih
Bandar besar 10,000 hingga 74,999
Bandar kecil 1,000 hingga 9,999
Luar bandar Kawasan selebihnya
Strata
Metropolitan
Number of population
75,000 and over
Urban large 10,000 to 74,999
Urban small 1,000 to 9,999
Rural The rest of the areas
14. Bagi tujuan pensampelan, pengelasan
yang luas seperti perkara 13 memadai untuk
semua negeri di Malaysia. Walau
bagaimanapun, bagi Sabah dan Sarawak, oleh
kerana kesukaran untuk masuk ke kawasan pedalaman, strata luar bandar dibahagikan lebih
lanjut berdasarkan kepada jangka masa yang
diambil untuk sampai ke sesuatu tempat dari
pusat bandar yang terdekat.
14. For sampling purposes, the broad
classification in item 13 is found to be adequate
for all states in Malaysia. However, for Sabah
and Sarawak, due to problems of accessibility,
the rural strata had to be further sub-stratifiedbased on the time taken to reach the area from
the nearest urban centre.
15. Bagi tujuan analisis bandar/luar bandar,
strata dicantumkan seperti berikut:
15. For the purpose of urban/rural analysis,
the strata were collapsed as follows:
REKA BENTUK PENSAMPELAN SAMPLE DESIGN
16. Reka bentuk pensampelan berstrata dua
peringkat telah digunakan iaitu:
16. A stratified two-stage sample design is
adopted that is:
Primary strata - Consist of the states in
Malaysia.
Secondary strata - Consist of the urban
and rural strata as
defined in item 15 and
formed within the
primary strata.
Urban = Metropolitan + urban large
Rural = Urban small + ruralBandar = Metropolitan + bandar besar
Luar bandar = Bandar kecil + luar bandar
Strata utama - Terdiri daripada negeri-
negeri di Malaysia.
Strata kedua - Terdiri daripada strata
bandar dan luar bandar
seperti yang ditakrifkan di
perkara 15 dan dibentuk
di dalam strata utama.
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17. Sampel telah dipilih secara bebas bagi
setiap peringkat pada strata kedua. Unit
pensampelan peringkat pertama ialah BP,
sementara unit peringkat kedua ialah tempat
kediaman (TK) di dalam BP tersebut. TKterpilih meliputi kesemua isi rumah dan orang
yang tinggal di dalamnya. Di setiap peringkat
pemilihan, unit-unit telah dipilih secara
sistematik dengan kebarangkalian yang sama
dalam strata kedua.
17. Samples are drawn independently