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IPG KAMPUS PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK

KUALA LUMPUR

PROGRAM PENSISWAZAHAN GURU (SAINS PENDIDIKAN RENDAH)SCE 3103 MENEROKA BAHAN

Latihan 2: Bahan api fosil

1. Bahan kimia manakah yang bukan hasil penyulingan minyak mentah?

(A)  Diesel

(B)  Kerosin(C)  Bahan api jet

(D)  Gas petroleum cecair

2. Pernyataan manakah tentang pecahan petroleum adalah benar?

(A)  Pecahan bercampur dengan air

(B)  Pecahan mendidih pada suhu tetap(C)  Molekul pecahan terdiri daripada hidrogen, karbon dan oksigen

(D)  Pembakaran pecahan dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan air dan gas karbon

dioksida

3. Which of the following is the correct match between the pollutant produced by the usage

of hydrocarbon fuel in vehicles and its effects on the environment?

Pollutants Effect on environment

(A) Carbon monoxide Caused green house effect which leads to global

warming

(B) Unburned hydrocarbon In strong sunlight, it combines with nitrogenoxides to form photochemical smog

(C) Oxides of nitrogen Dissolve in rain water to form acid rain. Acid rain

damages trees, buildings and destroys aquatic life

(E) Sulphur dioxide Dissolve in rain water to form acid rain. Acid rain

damage trees, buildings and destroys aquatic life

4. Larger hydrocarbon molecules in petroleum can be broken up into smaller moleculesthrough the process of

(A)  cracking

(B)  fractioning(C)  separating

(D)  Lubricating

5. Komponen dalam minyak mentah boleh diasingkan dengan penyulingan berperingkat

kerana perbezaan

(A)   jisim pepejal

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(B)  takat didih

(C)  saiz molekul

(D)  ketumpaan cecair

6. Table 1 shows air pollution index for cities P,Q,R and S.

City Air Pollution Index

P 48

Q 107

R 308

S 436

Based on the table above which city do you think will sustain a healthy life style?

(A)  P(B)  Q

(C)  R

(D)  S

7.. Which of the following statements are true about biodiesel?

I. It is non-biodegradable

II. It is made from soybeanIII. It is a lubricant and non-toxic

IV. It reduces emissions of carbon dioxide

V. It contains more aromatic hydrocarbons

(A)  I, II and III only(B)  II, III and IV only

(C)  I, II, IV and V only

(D) I, III, IV and V only

Rajah 4

8. Rajah 4 menunjukkan proses mengasingkan minyak mentah. .(a) Nama proses dalam Rajah 4.(b) Nama dua hasil yang didapati daripada proses ini.

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(c) Bagi setiap hasil yang dinamakan dalam (b), tuliskan satu persamaanperkataan untuk sebatian apabila ia terbakar di udara.(d) Terangkan sifat-sifat berikut apabila molekul hasil penyulingan minyakmentah menjadi semakin lebih besar.

(i) Kelikatan

(ii) Warna

(iii) Takat didih

(e) Cadangan dua cara untuk mengurangkan kuantiti bahan pencemar di alamsekitar yang disebabkan oleh pembakaran hasil minyak mentah.

8. Petrol is a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from fractional distillation ofpetroleum. One of the hydrocarbons present in petrol is octane, C8H18.

(a) Write the equation for the complete combustion of octane.(b) One way of reducing knocking in car engine sis to use leaded petrol. Explain

why a car using leaded petrol produces dangerous emissions.

(c) In order to decrease the amount of pollutants in exhaust gases, catalyticconverters are fixed to the exhaust system of vehicles.

(iv) Name one substance used as a catalytic converter(v) Explain why vehicles which have been fitted with catalytic

converters cannot use leaded petrol

9. Fossil fuels are naturally occurring substances that provide us with conveniencewhich is essential to modern life.

(a) Why is petroleum called fossil fuel?(b) The figure below shows the layers of non-porous rocks that held together

petroleum and natural gas.

 _______________________________________________________ _ _ _______ _ _ _ Sea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______________________________________________________

 AB

C

Name the layers labelled A, B and C.

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10.

X

Y

Z

Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebahagian The figure above shows a part of a fractionating column

used to refine petroleum into different fractions, X, Y and Z.

(a)  Name the process in the figure above.(b) What is the physical property used to separate the fractions in process (a)?

(c) Comparing fractions X and Z, what difference (if any) is there in the following

 properties:(i)  The size of their molecules

(ii)  The colour

(iii)  The boiling point

(d) If fraction Y is kerosene, name one fraction that could be (i) fraction X and (ii) fractionZ.

(e) The burning of fossil fuels gives rise to environmental issues. Give one example of the

environmental issue.(f)  Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy resource and their supply is limited. One of the

alternative sources of energy to replace the fossil fuels is biodiesel.

(i)  What is biodiesel?

(ii)  Give one advantage of using biodiesel.