Malaysia Education

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EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA

Today, Malaysia has one of the best airports, highwaysand telecommunication systems in Asia.

Mustafa Ergn


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Singapur, 1965 ylnda federasyondanayrlmtr.


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Malacca was founded in the 13th century by a Sumatran prince. It

became the most influential port city in Southeast Asia duringthis time.The early Arab traders brought Islam to Malacca.In 1511, a Portuguese fleet led by Alfonso de Albuquerque sailedinto Malacca harbour and captured the city with canon fire.A century later in 1641, the Dutch captured the city from thePortuguese and controlled the spice trade.In 1819 British administration replaced the Dutch andestablished a trading post in Singapore. Together with Penangand Malacca these centres became known as the StraitsSettlements.

The British granted independence to Malaya in 1957 in KualaLumpur's Merdeka Square.


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2006 saymlarna gre Malezya'nn nfusu 26,640,000'dir.Bunlarn 5.44 Milyonu Dou Malezya ve 21.2 milyonu Bat

Malezya'da yaamaktadr.Halkn 50.4%'si Malay, 23.7%' inli, 11%'i Yerli, 7.1%'i Hint ve7.8%'i dier etnik gruplardr.slam: 68.4%, Budizm: 10.2%, Hristiyanlk: 9.1%, Hindu: 6.3%,

Konfyslk/Taoizm/in dinleri: 2.6%, Dier (Sihizm,amanizm, Bahailik, Animizm vb.):2.4%.Malezya'da birinci snf vatanda anlamna gelenBumiputra'lar Vergi demez, niversite'ye snavszgirer.lkede yaayan aznlk Bumiputra

olamaz.Bumiputra'lar sadece Malay'lar arasndan kar.Malezya krallkla ynetilen ve ok partili demokratik sistemedayal bir konfederasyondur. Konfederasyonu oluturanfederal eyaletler de krallkla ynetilir.


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Many of the earliest schools in Malaysia were started

in the Straits Settlements of Penang, Melaka, and

Singapore. The oldest English school in Malaya is the

Penang Free School, founded in 1816, followed by

Malacca High School, and Anglo Chinese School,

Klang.

Sultan Idris Training College was established with the

purpose of producing Malay teachers. R.J.Wilkinson

helped established the Malay College Kuala Kangsar in1905 which aimed to educate the Malay elite.


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Malay and English are compulsory subjects in all

schools.

Starting in 2003, the government introduced the use

of English as a medium of teaching in all science

subjects, criticised by some as creatingdiscrimination between students who are and who

are not fluent in English. This was later revoked and

Malay, Chinese and Tamil will once again be the

languages of instruction for the sciences in 2012.


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The Malaysian National Education System comprises of the following levels of

education:

Pre-school / Kindergarten education for children aged 4 to 6

Primary education from age 7 to 1 2 (Standard 1 to Standard 6 for 6 years)

Secondary education from age 13 to 17 (Form 1 to Form 5 for 5 years)

1) Lower secondary from age 13 to 15 (Form 1 to Form 3 for 3 years)

2) Upper secondary from age 16 to 17 (Form 4 to Form 5 for 2 years) with the

option to choose either: a) Academic secondary education b) or

Technical/Vocational secondary education c) or Religious secondary education

Post-secondary education / Pre-university from age 18 (for 1 to 2 years) either

Form Six (for 1.5 years) or Matriculation (for 1 year)

Tertiary / Higher education

a) Certificate and Diploma Education at Polytechnics / Colleges from age 18onwards

b) Education at Teacher Training Institutes from age 18 onwards

c) Undergraduate studies from age 19 or 20 (for 3 to 5 years)

d) Postgraduate studies [Master's Degree or Ph.D studies, after acquiring a

Bachelor's degree] (for 1 to 5 years)


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There are two main types of public primary schools in

Malaysia: national and national-type.

National-type schools are further divided into

Chinese national-type schools and Tamil national-

type schools.

By degree of government funding, national schools

are government-operated, while national-type

schools are mostly government-assisted, thoughsome are government-operated.


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Primary education consists of six years of education,

referred to as Year 1 to Year 6. Year 1 to Year 3 are

classified as Level One while Year 4 to Year 6 are

considered as Level Two. Primary education begins at

the age of 7 and ends at 12.

At the end of primaryeducation, students in

national schools are

required to undergo a

standardised test known asthe Ujian Pencapaian

Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) or

Primary School Evaluation

Test.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujian_Pencapaian_Sekolah_Rendahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujian_Pencapaian_Sekolah_Rendahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujian_Pencapaian_Sekolah_Rendahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujian_Pencapaian_Sekolah_Rendah


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In other Asian countries such as Singapore and China, standardised

tests are a common feature, contributing to the high numbers of school

dropouts.

Public secondary schools are regarded as extensions of the

national schools. They study in five forms. Each form will

take a year.

At the end of Form 3, the Penilaian Menengah Rendah or

Lower Certificate of Education or Lower SecondaryEvaluation is taken by students.

Based on choice, they will be streamed into either the

Science stream or Arts stream.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penilaian_Menengah_Rendahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penilaian_Menengah_Rendah


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Co-curricular activities are compulsory at the

secondary level, where all students must participate

in at least 2 activities. There are many co-curricularactivities offered at the secondary level.

Co-curricular activities are often categorized under

the following: Uniformed Groups, Performing Arts,

Clubs & Societies, Sports & Games.

Student may also participate in more than 2 co-

curricular activities.

At the end of Form 5, students are required to take the Sijil

Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) or Malaysian Certificate of

Education examination, before graduating from secondary

school.


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After receiving primary education in national-type primary school, some

students from SJK(C) may choose to study in Chinese independent high school.

Students in Chinese independent high school study in three junior middle

levels and three senior middle levels, similar to the secondary schools systems

in mainland China and Taiwan, each level usually takes one year.

Students in Chinese independent high schools take standardized tests known

as the Unified Examination Certificate (UEC) at the end of Junior Middle 3 and

Senior Middle 3.

UEC-SML is recognised as the entrance qualification in many tertiary

educational institutions internationally like Singapore, Australia, Taiwan, China

and some European countries, as well as most private colleges in Malaysia.


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After the SPM, students from public secondary school would

have a choice of either studying Form 6 or the matriculation

(pre-university).If they are accepted to continue studying in Form 6, they will

also take the Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia or Malaysian

Higher School Certificate examination. STPM is regulated by the

Malaysian Examinations Council.

Form 6 consists of two years of study which is known as Lower

6 and Upper 6. The STPM is generally taken by those desiring to

attend public universities in Malaysia, it is internationally

recognised and may also be used, though rarely required, to

enter private local universities for undergraduate courses.


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Additionally all students may apply for admission to

matriculation which is a one or two-year programme

run by the Ministry of Education.A race-based quota is applied on the admission

process, with 90% of the places being reserved for the

bumiputeras, and the other 10% for the non-

bumiputeras.The matriculation programme is not as rigorous as the

STPM.

(almost 70% of the students comprise matriculation

students)


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Some students undertake their pre-university studies in

private colleges. They may opt for programmes such as

the British 'A' Levels programme, the Canadian

matriculation programme or the equivalent of other

national systems - namely the Australian NSW Board of

Studies Higher School Certificate and the AmericanHigh School Diploma with AP subjects. More recently,

the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme is

becoming more popular as a pre-university option.


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Tertiary education in the public universities is heavily

subsidised by the government. Applicants to public

universities must have completed the Malaysia

matriculation programme or have an STPM grade.

Universities in Malaysia

are generally

categorized as public(13) and private

universities (9). Private

universities include

Malaysian branches

and campuses of

foreign universities.


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Students also have the choice of attending private institutions

of higher learning. Many of these institutions offer courses in

cooperation with a foreign institute or university. Some of

them are branch campuses of these foreign institutions.

Some foreign universities and colleges have also set up

branch campuses in Malaysia, including:

Monash University, Australia.The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

SAE Institute, Australia

Swinburne University of Technology, Australia

Curtin University of Technology, Australia

Raffles Design Institute, Singapore


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In addition to the Malaysian National Curriculum, Malaysia has many

international schools. International schools offer students the opportunity to

study the curriculum of another country. These schools mainly cater to the

growing expatriate population in the country. International schools include:the Australian International School, Malaysia (Australian curriculum), The Alice

Smith School (British Curriculum), elc International school (British Curriculum),

The Garden International School (British Curriculum), Lodge International

School (British Curriculum), The International School of Kuala Lumpur

(International Baccalaureate and American Curriculum), The Japanese School

of Kuala Lumpur (Japanese Curriculum), The Chinese Taipei School, Kuala

Lumpur and The Chinese Taipei School, Penang (Taiwanese Curriculum), The

International School of Penang (International Baccalaureate and British

Curriculum), Dalat International School in Penang (American Curriculum),

Lyce Franais de Kuala Lumpur (French Curriculum), Horizon International

Turkish School amongst others.


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Malaysia introduced Western style school uniforms (pakaian

seragam sekolah) in the late 19th century during the British

colonial era. Today, school uniforms are almost universal inthe public and private school systems. Public school uniforms

are compulsory for all students and standardised nationwide.

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