Modul Kimia SPM A+ 2014

8/11/2019 Modul Kimia SPM A+ 2014

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MODUL 1 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1: Rate of Reaction

Copy Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia

MODUL KIMIA SPM 2014/2015KERTAS 2

[100 markah]

KELAS INTENSIFSekolah Kluster Kecemerlangan

Kimia A+

Written by: Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh

M.Sc. Ed USM

BSc (hons) Ed (Chemistry) USM

GURU CEMERLANG KIMIA

MODUL 1 TINGKATAN 5

CHAPTER 1: RATE OF REACTIONS KADAR TINDAK BALAS


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Activity 3: Observable changes for measuring the rate of reaction Perubahan yang dapat diperhatikan untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas

The change in amount of reactant / product that can be measured by: Perubahan dalam jumlah bahan tindak balas / hasil yang boleh diukur oleh:

For each of the reactions below, write a chemical equation and state the observable change/changescan be used as selected quantities to measure the rate of reaction:

Bagi setiap tindak balas berikut, tuliskan satu persamaan kimia dan nyatakan perubahan yang dapat diperhatikan/ perubahan yang boleh digunakan sebagai kuantiti untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas:

Example 1: The reaction between marble chip with hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas andchloride salt.Tindak balas antara serpihan marmar dengan asid hidroklorik untuk menghasilkan gas karbondioksida dan garam klorida.

Chemical Equation: . Persamaan kimia

Changes:

(i) ... (reactants/ bahan tindak balas )

(ii) .. (product/ hasil )

Example 2: Reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution with sulphuric acid to produce yellow

precipitate of sulphur, water, sulphur dioxide and sodium sulphate solution.Tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan mendakan

kuning sulfur, air, sulfur dioksida dan larutan natrium sulfat.

Chemical equ ation: ..

Change:

(i) (product / hasil )

.. in the mass of

reactant.............................................. jisim bahan tindakbalas

.. in mass of product .............................................. jisim hasil tindakbalas

.. in volume of gasreleased.............................................. isi padu gas yangdibebaskan

.. of precipitate

............................................. mendakan sebagai hasil tindak balas

Change in pH, temperature or electricalconductivity

Perubahan pH, suhu atau kekonduksian elektrik

.. pressure

tekanan


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Example 3: Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen gas.

Penguraian hidrogen peroksida untuk menghasilkan air dan gas oksigen.

Chemical equation: ..

Change:

(i) (product / hasil )

Activity 4: Measusement of the Rate of Reaction.Pengukuran Kadar T in dak Bal as

Average Rage of Reaction / Kadar Tindak Balas Purata

Instantaneous Rate of Reaction = Gradient of the graph Kadar Tindak Balas Pada Masa Tertentu = kecerunan tangen pada graf

The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid,HCl release 25 cm 3 of hydrogen gas and the gas iscollected in 60 seconds.Tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik, HCl

membebaskan 25 cm3

gas hidrogen dan gasdikumpulkan dalam masa 60 saat.

0.2 g of magnesium ribbon reacts completely withdilute hydrochloric acid in 40 seconds. What is therate of reaction?0.2 g pita magnesium bertindak balas sepenuhnya

dengan asid hidroklorik cair dalam 40 saat. Berapakahkadar tindak balas?

Calculate the average rate of reaction for thereaction between 2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm 3 of 1.0mol dm -3 hydrochloric acid.

Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi tindak balas

antara 2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm3

asid hidroklorik 1.0mol -3.

Calculate the average rate? / hitung kadar tindakbalas purata?

Time 0 20 40 80 120Mass of

CaCo 3

0.0 0.048 0.116 0.164 0.164

Rate of reaction = Change in quantity of reactant or Product / perubahan bahan tindak balas atau hasil Kadar tindak balas Time taken/ masa diambil

Instantaneous rate = Change of volume in y axis / perubahan isi padu paksi y Change of volume in x axis / perubahan isi padu paksi x

V2 V1 T2 T1


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The results for the experiment of decomposition of hydrogen gas liberated are given below. Keputusan eksperimen tentang penguraian gas hidrogen dibebaskan seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.

Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360Volume of

gas liberated(cm 3)

0 7.50 11.75 14.50 16.50 18.25 19.75 21.00 21.75 22.50 23.25 23.75 24.00

Calculate the average rate of reaction in the first 2minutes.

Kirakan kadar tindak balas purata dalam masa 2 minit pertama.

Calculate the average rate of reaction in thesecond minute.

Kirakan kadar tindak balas purata dalam minit kedua.

Calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 30seconds.

Kira kadar tindak balas pada masa tertentu dalam masa30 saat.

Calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 90seconds.

Kira kadar tindak balas pada masa tertentu dalam masa90 saat.


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A graph of the volume of hydrogen gas liberated against timeGraf isi padu gas hidrogen dibebaskan melawan masa


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B FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF REACTIONF aktor-f aktor yang mempengaruhi kadar t indak balas

Activity 6: Factors affecting the rate of reaction.F aktor-f aktor yang mempengaruh i kadar t in dak balas.

State five factors that affect the rate of reaction / Nyatakan lima faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindakbalas:

(a) . (b) ..

(c) . (d) ..

(e) .

Activity 7: What is catalyst? Apa itu pemangkin ?

State three characteristics of the catalyst / Nyatakan ti ga cir i-cir i pemangkin :

1.

2.

3.

Industrial applications of CatalystsPenggunaan mangkin di dalam aplikasi i ndustr i


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Activity 8: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and concentration of reactionBentuk l engkung bergantun g kepada isi padu dan kepekatan ti ndak balas

Experiment Initial rate of reaction Kadar tindak balas awal

Maximum volume ofhydrogen gas

I si padu maksimum gashidrogen

Graph

Set I1 g of excess Znpowder + 50 cm 3 of0.10 mol dm -3 HCl1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan+ 50 cm 3 0.10 mol dm -3

HCl

Set II1 g of excess Znpowder + 30 cm 3 of0.20 mol dm -3 HCl1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan+30 cm 3 0.20 mol dm -3

HCl

The initial rate of set I is l.. than that ofset II.

Kadar awal set I adalahlebih . daripada

set II.

This is because theconcentration of HCl inset I is .. than thatin set II.

Kerana kepekatan HCldalam set I adalah lebih.. daripada set

II.

Zinc is excess. zink berlebihan. Set I

= ..

Set II

=

The number of mole HCl inset I is l than that inset II.

Bilangan mol HCl dalam set Iadalah lebih daripada set II.

Hence, maximum volume ofH2 released in set I is.. than that in set II.Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum

H 2 dibebaskan dalam set Iadalah lebih .. daripada

set II.Set I1 g of excess Znpowder + 50 cm 3 of0.10 mol dm -3 HCl1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan+ 50 cm 3 0.10 mol dm -3

HCl

Set III1 g of excess Znpowder + 150 cm 3 of0.05 mol dm -3 HCl1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan+ 150 cm 3 0.05 mol dm -3

HCl

The initial rate of set I is.. than that ofset III.

Kadar awal set I adalahlebih .. daripada

set III.

This is because theconcentration of HCl inset I is .. thanthat in set III.

Kerana kepekatan HCldalam set I adalah lebih.. daripada set III.

Zinc is excess. zink berlebihan. Set I = ..

Set II = ...

The number of mole HCl inset I is than thatin set III.

Bilangan mol HCl dalam set Iadalah lebih . daripada set III.

Hence, maximum volume ofH2 released in set I is. than that in setIII.Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum

H 2 dibebaskan dalam set Iadalah lebih ..daripada set III.


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HCl

Set IV1 g of excess Znpowder + 25 cm 3 of0.15 mol dm -3 HCl1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan+ 25 cm 3 0.15 mol dm -3

HCl

The initial rate of set I is.. than that ofset IV.

Kadar awal set I adalahlebih .. daripada

set IV.

This is because theconcentration of HCl inset I is .. thanthat in set IV.

Kerana kepekatan HCldalam set I adalah lebih.. daripada set IV.


= ..

Set IV

=

The number of mole HCl inset I is than that inset IV.

Bilangan mol HCl dalam set Iadalah lebih daripada set IV.

Hence, maximum volume ofH2 released in set I is l than that in set IV.Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum

H 2 dibebaskan dalam set Iadalah lebih daripada set IV.


HCl

Set V1 g of excess Znpowder + 100 cm 3 of0.05 mol dm -3 HCl1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan+ 100 cm 3 0.05 mol dm -3

HCl

The initial rate of set I is.. than that ofset V.

Kadar awal set I adalahlebih ..daripada

set V.

This is because theconcentration of HCl inset I is .. thanthat in set V.

Kerana kepekatan HCldalam set I adalah lebih.. daripada set V.


= ..

Set V

=

The number of mole HCl inset I is than that inset V.

Bilangan mol HCl dalam set Iadalah lebih daripada set V.

Hence, maximum volume ofH2 released in set I is l than that in setV.Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum

H 2 dibebaskan dalam set Iadalah lebih ..daripada set V.


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Activity 9: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and temperature of reactionBentuk lengkung bergantun g kepada isi padu dan suhu ti ndak balas

Experiment Initial rate of reaction Kadar tindakbalas awal

Maximum volume of carbon dioxidegas liberated

I si padu maksimum gas karbon dioksidadibebaskan

Set I3 g of excess marblechips + 50 cm 3 of 0.5mol dm -3 nitric acid attemperature of 27.0 oC3 g ketulan marmarberlebihan + 50 cm 3 0.5mol dm -3 asid nitrik

pada suhu 27.0 oC

Set II3 g of excess marblechips + 50 cm 3 of 0.5mol dm- 3 nitric acid inhot water bath aconstant attemperature of 60.0 oC3 g ketulan marmarberlebihan + 50 cm 3 0.5mol dm -3 asid nitrikdalam air panas yangtetap pada suhu 60.0 oC

The initial rate of set I is l ..than that of set II.

Kadar awal set I adalah lebih .daripada set II.

This is because the temperature of thereaction f or set I is than that for set II kerana suhu tindak balas bagi set I adalahlebih . daripada set II

Marble chips are excess. Ketulan marmar berlebihan. Set I

= ..

Set II

=

Quantities of marble and nitric acid used,in mol, in both sets I and II are the.

Kuantiti marmar dan asid nitrik digunakan,dalam mol, kedua-dua set I dan II adalah...................

Hence, maximum volume of carbondioxide gas liberated in both sets I and IIare the Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas karbondioksida dibebaskan dalam kedua-dua set Idan II adalah ...............

Graph


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Activity 10: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and catalyst of reactionBentuk lengkun g bergantun g kepada isi padu dan pemangki n ti ndak balas

Experiment Initial rate of reaction Kadar tindakbalas awal

Maximum volume of hydrogen gasliberated

I si padu maksim um gas hydrogen di bebaskan

Set I2 g of granulated zinc+ 25 cm 3 of 0.1 moldm -3 of copper(II)sulphate solution.2 g pasir zink + 25 cm 3 0.1 mol dm -3 larutankuprum (II) sulfat.

Set II2 g of granulated zinc+ cm 3 of 0.1 mol dm -3 hydrochloric2 g pasir zink + 25 cm 3 0.1 mol dm-3 hidroklorik

The initial rate of set I is l ..than that of set II.

K adar awal set I adalah lebih .daripada set II.

This is because copper(II) sulphatesolution in set I acts as a catalyst tospeed up the reaction.kerana larutan kuprum (II) sulfat dalam

set I bertindak sebagai pemangkin untukmempercepatkan tindak balas

.The use of copper(II) sulphate as acatalyst does not change the amountof products formed.

Penggunaan kuprum (II) sulfat sebagai pemangkin tidak mengubah jumlah hasil yang terbentuk.

Marble chips are excess. Ketulan marmar berlebihan. Set I

= ..

Set II

=

Quantities of zinc and hydrochloric acidused, in mol, in both sets I and II are the.

Kuantiti zink dan asid hidroklorik digunakan,dalam mol, kedua-dua set I dan II adalah...................

Hence, maximum volume of hydrogen gasliberated in both sets I and II are the Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas hidrogendibebaskan dalam kedua-dua set I dan IIadalah ...............

Graph


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Activity 11: Solving problems involving the factors effecting the rate of reaction Penyelesaian masalah faktor-faktor yang melibatkan kadar tindak balas

Set Reacting condition / keadaan tindakanI 5 g of excess zinc powder + 100 cm 3 of 0.4 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid + 5 cm 3 of 1 mol dm -3

copper(II) sulphate solution at room temperature5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 100 cm 3 0.4 mol dm -3 asid sulfurik + 5 cm 3 1 mol dm -3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat pada suhu bilik

II 5 g of excess zinc powder + 50 cm 3 of 0.4 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid at room temperature5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 50 cm 3 0.4 mol dm -3 asid sulfurik pada suhu bilik

III 5 g of excess zinc powder + 70 cm 3 of 0.4 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid at room temperature5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 70 cm 3 0.4 mol dm -3 asid sulfurik pada suhu bilik

Sketch the graphs of volume of hydrogen gas liberated against time for sets I, II, and III on the sameaxes. Explain how you obtain your answer.

Lakarkan graf isi padu gas hidrogen dibebaskan melawan masa untuk set I, II, dan III pada paksi yang sama.Terangkan bagaimana anda mendapatkan jawapan tersebut.

Solution / penyelesaian :

Step 1: Compare the yield / bandingkan hasil:

Set Mass of zinc / jisim zink Number of moles of sulphuric acid / bilangan mol asid sulfur ik I

II

III

Number of moles of sulphuric acid reacted in set . > .. > Bilangan mol asid sulfurik bertindak balas dalam setHence, the maximum volume of hydrogen gas liberated in set > > .. Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen dibebaskan dalam set

Step 2: Compare the rate / bandin gkan tidak balas :

Set Surface area of zincL uas permukaan zin k

Concentration of hydrochloric acid /kepekatan asid hi drokl ori k

Catalyst / mangkin

I

II

III


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Initial rate of reaction for set > set because of the pressure of catalyst in set Kadar tindak balas awal bagi set ......> set ...... kerana tekanan pemangkin dalam set ......

Initial rate of reaction for set > set because of the total surface area of zinc used in set.. is larger than that in set .

Kadar tindak balas awal bagi set ......> set ...... kerana isi padu luas permukaan zink yang digunakandalam set .............. adalah lebih besar daripada set ..........

Hence, the initial of rea ction for set ... > set .. . > set . Oleh itu, tindak balas awal bagi set .........> set ......... > set .......

This means that the initial gradient of the curve for set . > set . > set . Ini bermakna kecerunan awal lengkung bagi set ....... > set ....... > set .......

Step 3: sketch the graph / lakar graf:

C COLLISION THEORY / TEORI PERLANGGARAN

Activity 12: What is an Effective Collision / Apa i tu Perl anggaran Berkesan ?

What is definition of Activation Energy / Takr if an bagi T enaga Pengaktif an?

Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction/ lu ki s satu gambar rajah prof il tenaga untuk tindak balas Activation energy without a catalyst / Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin, E a Activation energy with a catalyst / Tenaga pengaktifan dengan mangkin, E a


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Activity 13:Two sets of experiments are carried out as shows below:

Dua set eksperimen yang telah dijalankan seperti di bawah:

Set I 1.0 g of granulated zinc is added to 20 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid at 27.0 oCSet II 1.0 g of zinc powder is added to 20 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid at 27.0 oCSet I 1.0 g ketulan zink ditambah kepada 20 cm 3 0.5 mol dm -3 asid sulfurik pada 27.0 oCSet II 1.0 g serbuk zink ditambah kepada 20 cm 3 0.5 mol dm -3 asid sulfurik pada 27.0 oC

The initial rate of liberation of hydrogen gas in set II is higher than that in Set I. Explain the difference inrate using the collision theory.

Kadar awal pembebasan gas hidrogen dalam Set II adalah lebih tinggi daripada di Set I. Terangkan perbezaandalam kadar dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

[5 marks]Particle size of zinc powder in Set II is .. than that of granulated zinc in Set I.Saiz Zar ah serbuk zink di dalam Set II adalah lebih daripada pasir zink di Set I.

Thus, the total exposed surface area of 1.0 g of zinc powder in Set II is ..than that of1.0 g granulated zinc in Set I.Oleh itu, jumlah luas permukaan terdedah 1.0 g serbuk zink di dalam Set II adalah lebih daripada 1.0 g ketulan zink dalam Set I.

As a result, the frequency of collision between the hydrogen ions from sulphuric acid and thezinc atoms at the surfare of zinc powder in Set II is . than that occurring at thesurface of granulated zinc in Set I.

Hasilnya, kekerapan per langgaran antara ion-ion hidrogen daripada asid sulfurik dan atom zink di surfare serbuk zink di dalam Set II adalah lebih daripada yang berlaku di permukaan pasir zink di Set I.

This causes the frequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions and zinc atoms in SetII to be .. than that in Set I.

Ini menyebabkan kekerapan per langgaran berkesan antara ion hidrogen dan atom zink dalam Set II lebih daripada yang di Set I.

Hence, the initial rate of liberated of hydrogen gas in Set II is .. than that in Set I. Akhir, kadar awal bagi gas hi drogen yang di bebaskan dalam Set II adalah lebih .. daripadadi Set I.

Summary: Teori Perlanggaran Frekuensi Perlanggaran Berkesan dengan Kadar Tindak BalasFactors

Faktor-faktorEffecting

Kesanfrequency of collision Frekuensi Perlanggaran

frequency of effectivecollision

Frekuensi Perlanggaran Berkesan

Rate of reaction Kadar tindak balas

Saiz bahan tindakbalas

Semakin kecil bahan, semakinluas jumlah permukaan yangterdedah kepada pelanggaran

Meningkat Meningkat Meningkat

Kepekatan larutan Semakin tinggi kepekatanlarutan, semakin banyakbilangan zarah per unit isipadu


Suhu larutan Semakin tinggi suhu, semakintinggi tenaga kinetik


Mangkin Mangkin menyediakan laluanalternative bagi tindak balasberlaku dengan merendahkantenaga pengaktifan, E a



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BAHAGIAN ASPM 2011

In an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction, 50.0 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm -3 sodium thiosulphatesolution and 5.0 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm -3of sulphuric acid, are used. The sulphur formed can be used tomeasure the rate of reaction.

Dalam satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas, 50.0 cm 3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 2.0 mol dm -3 dan 5.0cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm -3 digunakan.Sulfur yang terbentuk boleh digunakan untuk mengukur kadar tindakbalas itu.

The equation for the reaction is given below.Persamaan tindak balas itu diberi di bawah.

Na 2S 2O 3 + H 2SO 4 Na 2SO 4 + SO 4 + S + H 2O

(a) What is the colour of sulphur? Apakah warna sulfur?

[1 mark]

(b) The number of moles of a solute can be calculated using formula, n = MV.[n= Number of moles of solute (mol), M= Molarity of solution (mol dm -3),V= Volume of solution (dm 3)]

Bilangan mol suatu zat terlarut boleh dihitung menggunakan rumus,n=MV.n=Bilangan mol zat terlarut (mol, M= Kemolaran larutan (mol dm -3 ),

V= isi padu larutan (dm 3 )]

Calculate / Hitung :

(i) The number of mole of sodium thiosulphate in the solution. Bilangan mol bagi natrium tiosulfat dalam larutan itu.

[1 mark]

(ii) The number of mole of sulphuric acid. Bilangan mol bagi asid sulfurik .

[1 mark]


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(c) Based on the answers in (b)(i) and (b)(ii),name the reactant which determines the quantity ofsulphur formed at the end of the reaction. Berdasarkan jawapan di (b)(i) dan (b)(ii), namakan bahan tindak balas yangmenentukan kuantiti sulfur yang terbentuk pada akhir tindak balas itu.

.. [1 mark]

(d) (i) State three factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this experiment. Nyatakan tiga faktor yang boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas itu dalam eksperimen ini.

1

2

3 [3 marks]

(ii) Using the collision theory, explain how any one of the factors in (d)(i) increases the rate ofreaction.

Menggunakan teori perlanggaran,terangkan bagaimana mana-mana satu daripada faktor di (d)(i) meningkatkan kadar tindak balas itu.

[2 marks]


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BAHAGIAN BSPM 2013

Diagram shows the energy profile diagram for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. Copper(II) sulphate solution is added to the reactants mixture to increase the rate of reaction.

Rajah menunjukkan rajah profil tenaga bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik. Larutankuprum(II)sulfat ditambahkan kepada campuran bahan tindak balas untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas.

Diagram Rajah

(i) Which of the values r or s represents the activation energy for the reaction after adding copper(II)sulphate solution? Antara nilai r atau s yang manakah yang mewakili tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas itu selepas penambahan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat?

[1 markah](ii) By using collision theory,explain how copper(II) sulphate solution increase the rate of reaction.

Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran,terangkan bagaimana kuprum(II) sulfat meningkatkan kadartindak balas .

[4 markah] (iii) 100 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm -3 hydrochloric acid and excess zinc are used in the reaction.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the volume of hydrogen gas released atroom conditions.[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room condition]100 cm 3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm -3 dan zink berlebihan digunakan dalam tindak balas itu.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu pada gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan padakeadaan bilik.[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm 3 pada keadaan bilik]

[5 markah]

Products Hasil tindak balas

Reaction path Lintasan tindak balas

Reactants Bahan tindak balas

Energytenaga _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

r

s

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _


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(b) Table shows the information for three sets of experiment to investigate factors affecting the rate ofreaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

Jadual menunjukkan maklumat bagi tiga set eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadartindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik.

Experiment

Eksperimen

Reactants

Bahan t indak balas

Time taken to collect40 cm 3 carbondioxide gas (s)

M asa yang diambiluntu k mengumpul 40

cm 3 gas kar bondioksida (s)

Set I 5 g calcium carbonatepowder

5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat

50 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm -3

hydrocloric acid

50 cm 3 asid hidroklorik 1.0mol dm -3

33

Set II 5 g calcium carbonatechip

5 g ketulan kalsium karbonat

50 cm3

of 1.0 mol dm-3

hydrocloric acid


45

Set III 5 g calcium carbonate

5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat

25 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm -3

hydrocloric acid


25

Table

Jadual

Based on the information in Table, compare the rate of reaction between(i) Set I and Set II(ii) Set I and Set IIIBy using the collision theory, explain your answers.

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual, banding kadar tindak balas antara (i) Set I dan Set II

(ii) Set I dan Set III Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran,terangkan jawapan anda

[10 markah]


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BAHAGIAN CSPM 2012

A student carried out three sets of experiments to investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction.Time taken to collect 40 cm 3 of hydrogen gas is recorded in Table.Seorang pelajar menjalankan tiga set eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul 40 cm 3 gas hidrogen direkodkan dalam Jadual.

Set Reactant

Bahan ti ndak balas

Temperatureof the mixture

Suhu campuran

Time taken to collect40 cm 3 of hydrogen

gas (s)

M asa yang diambiluntu k mengumpul 40cm 3 gas hi drogen (s)

I 25 cm 3 of 0.2 mol dm -3 hydrochloric acid

25 cm 3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm -3

+

excess zinc powder

serbuk zink berlebihan

30 oC 90

II 25 cm 3 of 0.4 mol dm -3 hydrochloric acid


+

excess zinc powder


30 oC 55

II 25 cm 3 of 0.2 mol dm -3 hydrochloric acid


+

excess zinc powder


40 oC 30

Table Jadual

(a) Zinc, Zn reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCI to produce zinc chloride, ZnCI 2 and hydrogen gas, H 2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of hydrogengas produced in set I.

[Relative atomic mass: Zn =65; 1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm 3 mol -1 at room conditions] Zink, Zn bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik, HCI menghasilkan zink klorida, ZnCI 2 dan gas hydrogen, H 2.Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu maksimum

gas hydrogen yang dihasilkan dalam set I.[Jisim atom relatif: Zn =65; 1 mol bagi sebarang gas menempati 24 dm 3 pada keadaan bilik]

[4markah]


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(b) Based on Table, compare the rates of reaction Berdasarkan Jadual, bandingkan kadar tindak balas

(i) between set I and set IIantara set I dan set II

(ii) between set I and set IIIantara set I dan set III

By referring to collision theory, explain your answer in (b)(i) or (b)(ii). Dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran,terangkan jawapan anda di (b)(i) atau (b)(ii).

[6 markah]

(c) Catalyst and size of reactants can also affect the rate of reaction between acid and zinc. Choose oneof these two factors and describe an experiment to show how this factor affects the rate of reaction.

Mangkin dan saiz bahan tindak balas juga dapat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara asid dan zink. Pilih satu daripada dua faktor ini dan huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menunjukkan bagaimana faktor ini dapatmempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

[10 markah]

Good Luck!

Modul Kimia SPM A+ 2014

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