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NUTRITIONBy

Murniza Muhamad

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Knowledge

• Animal Nutrition

• Adaptation of teeth and jaws according to

feeding habit

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Skills

• Classify animals according to nutrition

• Describe the features of teeth and jaws

according to feeding habit

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What is herbivore?

• A herbivore is an animal that gets its

energy from eating plants, and only plants.

Herbivore can also eat parts of plants, but

generally only the fruits and vegetables

produced by fruit-bearing plants. Many

herbivores have special digestive systems

that let them digest all kinds of plants,including grasses.

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• Herbivores need a lot of energy to stay

alive. Many of them, like cows and sheep,

eat all day long. There should be a lot of 

plants in your ecosystem to support your herbivores. If you put carnivores or some

omnivores in your ecosystem, they'll eat

your herbivores, so make sure you haveenough herbivores to support them.

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What is Omnivore?

• An omnivore is a kind of animal that eats

either other animals or plants. Some

omnivores will hunt and eat their food, like

carnivores, eating herbivores and other 

omnivores. Some others are scavengers 

and will eat dead matter. Many will eat

eggs from other animals.

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• Omnivores eat plants, but not all kinds of plants.

Unlike herbivores, omnivores can't digest some

of the substances in grains or other plants that

do not produce fruit. They can eat fruits andvegetables, though. Some of the insect

omnivores in this simulation are pollinators,

which are very important to the life cycle of 

some kinds of plants.

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What is carnivore?

• A carnivore is an animal that gets food fromkilling and eating other animals.

• Carnivores generally eat herbivores, but can

eat omnivores, and occasionally other carnivores. Animals that eat other animals,like carnivores and omnivores are importantto any ecosystem, because they keep other 

species from getting overpopulated.

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• Since carnivores have to hunt down and

kill other animals they require a large

amount of calories. This means that they

have to eat many other animals over the

course of the year. The bigger the

carnivore, the more it has to eat. You

should make sure that you have manymore herbivores and omnivores than

carnivores.

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What it eats?

PLANTS ANDANIMALS

OTHERANIMALS

OTHER ANIMALS

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What it eats?

PLANTS PLANTS &ANIMALSPLANTS

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What it eats?

PLANTS& ANIMALS PLANT&ANIMALSPLANTS

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• Describe the features of teeth and jaws

according to feeding habit.

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• Much of the adaptive success of mammals is

related to teeth

• Mammals are the only vertebrates that

masticate• Mammalian teeth are adapted for various diets

• Note the relationship between dentition and

feeding pattern and how this impacts shapeand structure of jaw and associated

musculature

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• REFER TO TOOTH STRUCTURE

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Plant Nutrition

• Plant nutrition is the study of the

chemical elements that are necessary for 

plant growth. There are several principles

that apply to plant nutrition.

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• Some elements are essential, meaning

that the absence of a given mineral

element will cause the plant to fail to

complete its life cycle; that the elementcannot be replaced by the presence of 

another element; and that the element is

directly involved in plant metabolism (Arnon and Stout, 1939).

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• Plants require specific elements for growth

and, in some cases, for reproduction.

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Plant Nutrition

• Plants need 16 elements for normal

growth. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

are found in air and water. Nitrogen,

potassium, magnesium, calcium,phosphorous, and sulfur are found in the

soil. These six elements are used in

relatively large amounts by the plant andare called macronutrients.

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• There are eight other elements that areused in much smaller amounts and arecalled micronutrients, or trace elements.

The micronutrients, which are found in thesoil, are iron, zinc, molybdenum,manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, andchlorine. All 16 elements, both

macronutrients and micronutrients, areessential for plant growth.

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Mnemonics

• "CHOPKN'S CaFe Mg MoB CuMnZn"

or "C-Hopkins Cafe. Mighty Good.

Mob comes in."

M j t i t i l d

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Major nutrients include:

• C = Carbon 450,000ppm

• H = Hydrogen 60,000ppm

• O = Oxygen 450,000ppm

• P = Phosphorus 2,000ppm• K = Potassium 10,000ppm

• N = Nitrogen 15,000ppm

• S = Sulphur 1,000ppm• Ca = Calcium 5,000ppm

• Mg = Magnesium 2000ppm

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Minor Nutrients:

• Fe = Iron 100ppm

• Mo = Molybdenum 0.1ppm

• B = Boron 20ppm• Cu = Copper 6ppm

• Mn = Manganese 50ppm

• Zn = Zinc 20ppm• Cl = Chlorine 100ppm

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• These nutrients are further divided into the

mobile and immoblile nutrients. A plant will

always supply more nutrients to its

younger leaves than its older ones, sowhen nutrients are mobile, the lack of 

nutrients is first visible on older leaves.

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• When a nutrient is less mobile, the

younger leaves suffer because the

nutrient does not move up to them but

stays lower in the older leaves.

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• Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are

mobile nutrients, while the others have

varying degrees of mobility. Concentration

of ppm (parts per million) represents thedry weight of a representative plant.

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Exercise

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• HOMEWORK (prepare ppt slides)

Topic Skills Group

Excretion Draw and labelthe structure of 

skin and statetheir functions

Ong seok ling

Ong Guik Joo

Draw and labelthe structure of 

kidney and statetheir functions

Norazila Hassan

Mahani Hassan

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Topic Skills Group

Reproduction Describe howanimals

reproduceeither throughlaying eggs or giving birth

The Lee Kiaw

Chua Phek See

Describeasexualreproduction

Rafizah Ramli

Siti Rohani Mokhtar 

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Topic Skills Group

Animallocomotion

Describevarious types

of animallocomotion

Noor Azalizam &Muhammad Adnan

Explain theimportance of locomotion toanimals

Ooi Kheng Hwa

Chin Li Ming

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Topic Skills Group

Plantmovement

Describe thevarious ways

plants respondto stimuli

Johari Jusoh

Chuah Choon Lan

Plant excretionDescribe theprocess of transpirationand guttation inplants

Lim Cheo Tek

Lim Bee Choo