nota year 4

75
Theme 1 Investigating Living Thing

Transcript of nota year 4

Page 1: nota year 4

Theme 1

Investigating Living Thing

Page 2: nota year 4

Keperluan Asas Manusia

1. Makanan, air, udara dan tempat tinggal adalah keperluan asas bagi manusia

2. Keperluan asas manusia ialah:

a) Udara

- Manusia memerlukan udara untuk bernafas

- Manusia memerlukan oksigen di udara untuk bernafas

b) air)

- Manusia memerlukan air untuk mengekalkan suhu badan, mencernakan makanan dan

menyingkirkan bahan-bahan buangan daripada badan

c) makanan

- Manusia memerlukan makanan untuk membesar,menjaga kesihatan dan mendapatkan

tenaga

d) tempat tinggal

- Manusia memerlukan tempat berlindung untuk melindungi diri daripada bahaya,

Cahaya matahari dan hujan

Page 3: nota year 4

JENIS-JENIS TEMPAT BERLINDUNG (SHELTER)

Rumah panjang

Rumah pangsa

Rumah teres

Rumah bungalow

Page 4: nota year 4

Basic Needs Of Human

Food

Shelter

Air

Water

To breathe

To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain

Give energyGrow

Stay healthy

Drinks

Grow

Stay healthy

1.1 Understanding that humans have basic needs

Page 5: nota year 4

Keperluan Asas Haiwan

1. Makanan, air, udara dan tempat tinggal adalah keperluan asas bagi haiwan

2. Keperluan asas haiwan ialah:

a) udara (air)

- Haiwan memerlukan udara untuk bernafas

- Haiwan tidak dapat menjalankan proses-proses hidup tanpa udara

b) air (water)

- Untuk mengawal suhu badan

- membantu dalam peredaran darah

- mengangkut makanan yang terhadam ke seluruh badan

- membantu dalam mengeluarkan bahan buangan

c) makanan (food)

- Haiwan memerlukan makanan untuk membantu dalam tumbesaran, mengekalkan kesihatan dan mendapatkan tenaga bagi menjalankan aktiviti

- terdiri daripada kumpulan karnivor, herbivor dan omnivor

d) tempat tinggal (shelter)

- haiwan memerlukan tempat berlindung untuk melindungi diri dan anaknya daripada bahaya, cahaya matahari dan hujan

Page 6: nota year 4

TEMPAT TINGGAL HAIWAN

Gua (cave)

Sarang (nest)

Lubang (hole)

Sangkar (Cage)

Page 7: nota year 4

Basic Needs Of Animals

Food

Shelter

Air

Water

To breathe

To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain

Give energyGrow

Stay healthy

Drinks

Grow

Stay healthy

1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs

Types :• holes• cave• nest• beehive

Page 8: nota year 4

Keperluan Asas Tumbuhan

1. Air, udara dan cahaya matahari adalah keperluan asas bagi tumbuhan

2. Tumbuhan menyerap air dari tanah melalui akarnya3. Tumbuhan memerlukan air untuk:

a) membuat makanan semasa fotosintesisb) mengangkut makanan serta mineral ke tisu-tisu

tumbuhanc) mengekalkan kesegaran tisu-tisu tumbuhan

4. Tumbuhan memerlukan oksigen dari udara untuk pernafasan dan karbon dioksida untuk membuat makanan sendiri

5. Tumbuhan hijau memerlukan cahaya matahari untuk membuat makanannya sendiri melalui proses fotosintesis. Tumbuhan akan mati tanpa cahaya matahari.

6. Proses fotosintesis diterangkan seperti berikut:

Air + Karbon dioksida Glukos+ OksigenKlorofil+cahaya matahari

Page 9: nota year 4

Plants Have Basic Needs

Air SunlightWater

With :• grow healthy• grow well• not wilted

Without :• wilted• Turn yellow• Die

1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs

Page 10: nota year 4

KEPERLUAN ASAS

MANUSIA HAIWAN TUMBUHAN

Air (water)

Udara (air)

Makanan (food)

Tempat tinggal (shelter)

Air (water)

Udara (air)

Makanan (food)

Tempat tinggal (shelter)

Udara (air)

Air (water)

Cahaya matahari (sunlight)

Page 11: nota year 4

Proses Hidup Manusia

1. Manusia bernafas (human breathe)

2. Manusia berkumuh dan bernyahtinja (human excrete and defecate)

3. Manusia bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan ( human respond to stimuli)

4. Manusia membiak (human reproduce)

Page 12: nota year 4

Manusia bernafas (breathe)

1. Manusia memerlukan udara untuk bernafas2. Apabila kita menarik nafas (inhale), udara disedut

masuk melalui hidung atau mulut ke dalam paru-paru3. Udara sedutan mengandungi lebih oksigen dan kurang

karbon dioksida4. Penarikan nafas (inhalation) hidung atau mulut salur udara peparu

Mulut (mouth)

Peparu (lungs)

Salur udara (windpipe)

Hidung( nose)

Page 13: nota year 4

5. Apabila kita menghembus nafas (exhale), udara dihembus keluar dari paru-paru

6. Udara hembusan mengandungi kurang oksigen dan lebih karbon dioksida

7. Penghembusan nafas

Peparu salur udara hidung atau mulut

Page 14: nota year 4

Udara masuk

Udara keluar

Page 15: nota year 4

Manusia berkumuh(excrete) dan bernyahtinja(defecate)

1. Perkumuhan ialah proses penyingkiran hasil bahan buangan dari tubuh

2. Penyahtinjaan ialah proses pembuangan tinja dari tubuh3. Tinja ialah bahan makanan yang tidak hadam dan tidak dapat

digunakan oleh tubuh4. Manusia berkumuh dan bernyahtinja untuk menyingkirkan bahan

buangan daripada badan5. Apabila manusia berkumuh (excrete) organ yang terlibat ialah

kulit (skin), ginjal (kidneys) dan peparu (lungs).Mereka menghasilkan:a) air kencing (urine) – menggunakan ginjalb) peluh (sweat)- menggunakan kulitc) wap air dan karbon dioksida (water vapour and carbon dioxide)

- menggunakan paru-paru3 Apabila manusia bernyahtinja (defecate) mereka menghasilkan

a) najis (faeces)- usus

Page 16: nota year 4

Organ-organ perkumuhan

Air kencing (ginjal)

Peluh (kulit)

Wap air dan karbon dioksida (paru-paru)

Page 17: nota year 4

Manusia bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan ( human respond to stimuli

1. Manusia bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan.

2. Jika seseorang secara tidak sengaja menyentuh cerek panas, dia akan serta merta menarik tangannya daripada cerek itu.

3. Gerak balas terhadap rangsangan membolehkan manusia melindungi diri daripada bahaya dan untuk kemandirian.

4. Manusia dapat mengesan dan bergerak balas dengan menggunakan lima organ deria kita iaitu:

Organ deria Fungsi

Kulit Bergerak balas terhadap panas, sejuk, basah dan kering

Mata Bergerak balas terhadap cahaya

Telinga Bergerak balas terhadap bunyi

Hidung Bergerak balas terhadap bau

Lidah Bergerak balas terhadap rasa seperti manis, masin, pahit, dan masam

Page 18: nota year 4

Manusia membiak (human reproduce)

1. Manusia membiak untuk menambah bilangannya dan memastikan spesies manusia kekal di Bumi

2. Manusia membiak dengan melahirkan anak3. Jika manusia tidak membiak, bilangannya akan berkurangan dan

manusia akan pupus satu hari nanti4. Proses pembiakan boleh ditunjukkan melalui salasilah keluarga

Datuk sebelah bapa

Adik KamuAbangKakak

Ibu

NenekSebelah ibu

Datuk Sebelah ibu

Nenek Sebelah bapa

Bapa

Page 19: nota year 4

2.1 Analysing life processes that humans undergo

Analysing Life Processes ThatHuman Undergo

Respond To Stimuli

Breathing

Reproduce

Organs

Inhale – take in air

Exhale – give out air

Nose/Mouth Wind-pipe Lungs

A process to producetheir young or offspring

Rate of breath

Number of chest movement In a period of time

Organs

Eyes - Sight

Nose - Smell

Tongue - Taste

Ears - Sound

Skin - Touch

Excrete Defecate

Lungs( Carbon dioxide+ water vapour )

Kidney ( urine + mineral salt )

Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt )

Faeces

Purpose :• avoid danger• avoid getting hurt• avoid getting injured• to survive

Page 20: nota year 4

Tabiat buruk yang mengancam proses hidup manusia

1. Sesetengah tabiat buruk manusia boleh mengancam proses hidupnya.

2. Contoh tabiat buruk manusia ialah:

a) merokok

b) mengambil dadah

c) meminum minuman keras

3. Semua tabiat ini boleh membahayakan proses hidup manusia

4. Jadual menunjukkan kesan dan tabiat buruk:

Tabiat buruk Kesan

Merokok •Merosakkan peparu

•Menyebabkan barah kerongkong dan peparu, asma dan

bronkitis

Mengambil dadah

dan minuman keras

•Menjadikan seseorang kurang peka atau lambat

bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan

Page 21: nota year 4
Page 22: nota year 4

2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes

Behaviour That Can DisturbLife Processes

Smoking Taking DrugDrinking Alcohol

Effects• Lung cancer• Coughing

Effects• Delay respond to stimuli• Lose ability to walk in straight line• Can cause accidents

How to avoid

Participate in a campaign

Discourage among their peers

Occupied time with beneficial activities

Page 23: nota year 4

Proses hidup haiwan

1. Haiwan melakukan proses hidup yang hampir sama dengan manusia

2. Proses hidup yang dilakukan oleh haiwan ialah:

a) berkumuh (excretion) dan bernyahtinja

(defecation)

b) bernafas (breathing)

c) membiak(reproduce)

Page 24: nota year 4

Haiwan berkumuh (excrete) dan bernyahtinja (defecate)

1. Haiwan berkumuh dan bernyahtinja untuk menyingkirkan bahan buangannya

2. Bahan buangan adalah bertoksik dan tidak boleh disimpan di dalam badan

3. Organ perkumuhan bagi haiwan termasuklah:a) peparub) ginjalc) insangd) kulit

Page 25: nota year 4

Haiwan bernafas (breathing)

1. Haiwan mempunyai struktur pernafasan yang berbeza-beza

2. Jadual menunjukkan struktur pernafasan yang berbeza bagi haiwan

Struktur Pernafasan Contoh haiwan

Peparu (lungs) Burung, kucing, lembu, buaya, katak, ikan paus

Struktur trakea (tracheal strucures)

Beluncas, belalang, rama-rama, lipas

Kulit lembab (moist skin)

Cacing, katak

Insang (gills) Ikan, udang, berudu

Buku peparu (lung books)

ketam

Page 26: nota year 4

Haiwan membiak (reproduce)

1.Haiwan membiak secara melahirkan anak (giving birth) atau bertelur (laying eggs) untuk menambah danmengekalkan kemandirian spesiesnya.

2. Contoh haiwan yang beranak ialah:a) kucingb) arnabc) kudad) harimau

3. Contoh haiwan yang bertelur ialah:a) katakb) lipasc) ayamd) penguine) rama-rama

Page 27: nota year 4

Kitar hidup haiwan ( Life cycles of animals)

1. Kitar hidup menunjukkan urutan peringkat yang dilalui haiwan ketika membesar

2. Haiwan yang berbeza mempunyai kitar hidup yang berbeza.

3. Haiwan mengalami perubahan dari segi saiz dan bentuk semasa peringkat yang berbeza dalam kitar hidupnya.

4. Sesetengah anak haiwan seperti anak itik, anak kucing dan anak ayam menyerupai ibunya

5. Anak rama-rama, anak katak dan anak nyamuk kelihatan sangat berbeza daripada ibunya.

6. Anak-anak haiwan ini mengalami perubahan sebelum kelihatan seperti ibunya.

Page 28: nota year 4

Telur/eggs

Berudu/tadpole

Anak katak/young frog

Katak/frog

KITAR HIDUP KATAK/ LIFE CYCLES OF FROG

Page 29: nota year 4

Telur /eggs

Anak ayam/ chick

Ayam/ hen

KITAR HIDUP AYAM/ LIFE CYCLES OF CHICKEN

Page 30: nota year 4

Kepompong/pupa

Rama-rama/butterfly

Telur/eggs

Ulat beluncas/caterpillar

KITA HIDUP RAMA-RAMA/ LIFE CYCLES OF BUTTERFLY

Page 31: nota year 4

2.3 Analysing the life processes that animals undergo

Animals Life Processes

BreathingExcrete Reproduce

Lay Eggs Give BirthOrgans

Lungs• monkey• bird• whale

Gills• fish• prawn

Lungs-book• crab

MoistSkin• frog• earthworm

TracheaStructure• insects

Defecate

To get rid of waste productfrom their bodies cat

tigerbatwhale

butterfly

bird

Page 32: nota year 4

Life Processes Of Plants ( Proses Hidup Tumbuhan)

1. Proses hidup yang dilakukan oleh tumbuhan termasuklah:a) bergerak balas terhadap rangsanganb) membiak

2. Bahagian tumbuhan yang berlainan bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan yang berbeza untuk melindungi diri daripada bahaya atau untuk kemandiriannya.

3. Tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan yang berikut:a) gravityb) airc) cahaya mataharid) sentuhan

Page 33: nota year 4

Akar tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap air

1. Air disiram disebelah kiri pokok2. Selepas sebulan didapati akar pokok menghala ke kiri3. Ini kerana akar pokok bergerak balas terhadap air

Page 34: nota year 4

Akar tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap graviti

1. Pada asalnya akar tumbuhan tumbuh seperti biasa2. Selepas satu tempoh tertentu akar tumbuhan mula menuju ke bawah3. Ini menunjukkan akar bergerak balas terhadap graviti

Page 35: nota year 4

Pucuk tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap cahaya matahari

1. Asalnya anak pokok ditanam didalam pasu dan diletakkan di dalam Kotak gelap yang mempunyai lubang.

2. Selepas seminggu didapati pucuk anak pokok menghadap ke arah lubang3. Ini menunjukkan daun pokok bergerakbalas terhadap rangsangan Matahari

Page 36: nota year 4

Pokok bergerakbalas terhadap sentuhan

1. Pada asalnya pokok semalu hidup seperti biasa2. Apabila daun pokok semalu disentuh, ia tertutup.3. Ini menunjukkan tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap sentuhan

Page 37: nota year 4

Tumbuhan membiak1. Tumbuhan membiak untuk memastikan kemandirian spesiesnya.2. Jadual menunjukkan cara pembiakan tumbuhan

Cara Pembiakan Contoh Tumbuhan

Biji benih

(seeds)

Tumbuhan berbunga seperti betik, jagung, rambutan, durian, dan tembikai

Spora

(spores)

Tumbuhan tidak berbunga seperti paku-pakis, dan lumut

Daun

(Leaves)

Begonia, setawar

Keratan batang

(Stem cutting)

Ubi kayu, tebu, bunga raya, bunga ros

Anak pokok

(suckers)

Pisang, nanas. Buluh

Batang bawah tanah

(underground stems)

Kentang, halia, bawang

Page 38: nota year 4

Cara tumbuhan membiak

Batang bawah tanah(underground stems)

Daun (leaves)

Keratan batang(stem cutting)

Biji benih ( seeds)

Spora (spores)

Anak pokok(suckers)

Page 39: nota year 4

2.4 Life processes plants undergo

plants respond to stimuli.

water, sunlight, touch, gravity.

why plants need to reproduce

to ensure the survival of the species.

various ways plants reproducethrough…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting, leaves, underground stem.

what will happen to the world if

plants do not reproduce.

no food supply.

plants reproduce.

Seeds – balsam, corn, durianSpores – fern, mushroomSuckers – banana, pineappleStem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapiocaLeaves – bryophyllum, begoniaStem – potato, onion, ginger and lily

the part of plant that responds

to touch.

the part of plant that responds

to sunlight.

Shoot

the part of plant that responds

to gravity.

Roots

the part of plant that responds to water

Roots

Science Year 4INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS2. Living Things Undergo Life Processes

Page 40: nota year 4

Haiwan melindungi diri daripada bahaya(Animals protect themselves from danger)

1. Haiwan memerlukan perlindungan untuk melindungi diri daripada musuh

2. Haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri dan perlakuan khas untuk melindungi diri daripada musuh.

Page 41: nota year 4

Ciri-ciri khas haiwan ( specific charcateristics)

1. Haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas yang berlainan untuk melindungi dirinya daripada bahaya

2. Yang berikut ialah beberapa ciri-ciri khas haiwan haiwan

Ciri-ciri khas haiwan (specific characteristics of animals)

Contoh

Sisik keras (hard scales) Buaya, tenggiling, ular

Cangkerang keras (hard shells) Kerang, kura-kura, siput

Berduri (spines) Landak

Berbau busuk (bad smells) Skunk, lipas

Kebolehan mengubah warna dengan persekitaran (the ability to change colour to match surroundings/ meyamarkan diri (camouflage)

Sesumpah

Tanduk yang kuat dan tajam ( strong and sharp horns) Kerbau, gajah

Kaki panjang dan berotot ( long legs and strong muscles)

Kuda belang, kijang

Kuku yang tajam ( sharps claws) Helang, harimau

Page 42: nota year 4

Perlakuan khas haiwan ( Special Behaviour of Animals)

1. Sesetangah haiwan mempunyai perlakuan khas yang melindunginya daripada bahaya

2. Jadual menunjukkan perlakuan khas haiwan.

Perlakuan khas haiwan ( special behaviour of animals)

Contoh

Hidup berkumpulan (Living in groups) Kuda belang, gajah, seladang, serigala

Berpura-pura mati (pretending to be dead) Kumbang, ulat gonggok

Bersembunyi di lubang dalam tanah (Hiding in underground holes)

Arnab, tikus

Memutuskan ekornya (loses its tails) Cicak

Menggulungkan badan (curls up its body) Tenggiling, ulat gonggok

Menyemburkan dakwat hitam (squirts black ink)

sotong

Sengatan berbisa ( produces poisonous sting)

Kala jengking

Page 43: nota year 4

Special characteristics of animals that protect them from danger.

special behaviour of animals that protect them from danger.

The special characteristics and behaviour of animals help to protect them from danger.

3.1 animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves

Thick and hard skinTo prevent their enemies from injuring

Hard shellSnails and tortoise retract their headAnd legs into the shell when the are

Attacked by enemies

Hard scalesPangolins and crocodiles have hard

scales To protect their bodies from injuries

SpinesRaise the sharp spines when

the enemies Advance towards them

Horns Use their horn to attack enemies.

Sharp clawsTo protect themselves and their

Young from the enemies- lion ,cat,Bears, and eagle.

Spray black inkDark surrounding helps the animal not

to been seen by enemies – e.g: octopus, squid

Poisonous sting or fangsCan hurt and kill enemies-e.g..: scorpion,

centipede snake , bee.

CamouflageHas body colour or patterns that that are

Similar to the surrounding

Pretend to deadTo trick their enemies –e.g.: beetle

Page 44: nota year 4

Perlindungan haiwan daripada cuaca melampau ( Protection of animals from extreme weather.

1. Sesetengah haiwan hidup di habitat yang mempunyai cuaca yang melampau seperti terlalu sejuk atau terlalu panas.

2. Haiwan yang tinggal di habitat seperti itu mempunyai ciri-ciri dan perlakuan khas yang melindungi dirinya daripada cuaca melampau.

3. Kelakuan khas haiwan yang tinggal di kawasan cuaca sejuk

Ciri-ciri dan perlakuan khas contoh

Berbulu tebal untuk mengekalkan suhu badan ( have thick fur to keep the body warm)

Beruang kutub, musang artik

Berhijrah ke wawan panas ( migrate to warmer regions

Angsa, flamingo, burung layang-layang

Mempunyai lapisan lemak yang tebal (have a thick layer of fat)

Anjing laut, penguin,

Berhibernasi (hibernate) Beruang, tikus.

Page 45: nota year 4

4. Habitat gurun sangat panas pada waktu siang dan sangat sejuk pada waktu malam5. Kelakuan khas haiwan yang tinggal di kawasan panas ialah

Ciri-ciri dan perlakuan khas Contoh

Mempunyai bonggol (have humps) Unta mempunyai bonggol dibelakangnya untuk menyimpan makanan dan air

Berkubang di dalam lumpur ( wallows in the mud)

Badak air berkubang di dalam lumpur untuk memastikan badannya sejuk semasa cuaca panas

Mempunyai telinga yang panjang (have long ears)

Arnab dan musang gurun mempunyai telinga yang panjang untuk membebaskan iaitu mengipas badannya ketika panas

Page 46: nota year 4

3.2/3.3

Animals have specific characteristics

and behaviour to protect themselves from

extreme weather and survive

how specific characteristics and behavior of animals help to protect them from very hot or cold weather.

specific characteristics and behavior of animals that protect

them from very hot and cold weather.

Hot weather Cold weather

Wrinkled SkinElephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes

lose body heat through wrinkled skins

WallowingElephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes

keep their body cool by wallowing in mud holes

HumpsCamels store food and water in the form

Of fats in the humps on their back.

Thick FurPolar bears have thick fur to prevent the body

From losing heat to cold surroundings.

Fat Layers Under The SkinsPenguins, seals, and whales have fat layers under

their skin to keep their bodies warm

Small EarsSeals and Walruses have small ears to prevent

Heat loss from their bodies.

HibernatePolar bears hibernates during extreme cold

Weather

Page 47: nota year 4

Tumbuhan melindungi diri daripada bahaya(Plants protect themselves from danger)

1. Tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas yang melindunginya daripada musuh seperti haiwan dan manusia

2. Berikut ialah ciri-ciri khas tumbuhan melindunginya daripada bahaya dan musuh

Ciri-ciri khas Contoh tumbuhan

Mempunyai kulit tebal ( hard bark) dan keras(thick) yang tidak mudah dimusnahkan

Kelapa, meranti

Mempunyai duri tajam (sharp thorns) pada batang, buah yang bolehmencederakan musuh yang cuba memusahkannya

Nenas, kaktus,semalu,ros

Mempunyai bulu halus (fine hairs) yang menyebabkan kegatalan kepada musuh yang menyentuhnya

buluh., labu, tebu

Mengeluarkan susu getah (latex) dari batang, daun atau buah untuk menghalangnya daripada dimakan

Getah, betik, nangka

Mengeluarkan bahan beracun( poisonous subtances) yang boleh membunuh musuh yang memakannya.

Cendawan, keladi

Daun yang menguncup (folding leaflets) Semalu

Mempunyai rasa yang teruk (have bad taste) peria

Page 48: nota year 4

3.4 Plants havespecific characteristics to protect

themselves from enemy

The specific characteristics of plants that protect them from enemies

How the specificcharacteristics of

plants help to protect them from enemies.

characteristics that protect plants.

Have thorns

poisonous Have fine hairs

Produces

latex

Close leaflets

when touch

Page 49: nota year 4

Perlindungan tumbuhan daripada cuaca yang melampau. (Protection of plans from extreme weather)

1. Tumbuhan yang tumbuh di habitat dengan cuaca yang melampau mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindunginya.

2. Jadual menunjukkan bagaimana haiwan melindungi diri daripada cuaca melampau

Keadaan cuaca Bagaimana tumbuhan menyesuaikan diri

Mempunyai daun berbentuk jarum seperti kaktus

Panas dan Mempunyai batang yang tebal dan lembut untuk menyimpan air- kaktus

kering Akar yang panjang untuk menyerap air jauh dlam tanah seperti kaktus

Meluruhkan daun semasa musim panas sperti getah

Daun yang berpecah-pecah untuk mengelakkanya rosak seperti kelapa

Angin kencang Daun beberntuk jarum untuk mudah angin kencang bergerak- pokok ru

Batang yang mudah lentur untuk elakkan patah seperti buluh

Akar banir mengelakkan tercabut ketika anging seperti pokok bakau

Sejuk/salji Berbentuk kon bagi memudahkan salji jatuh seperti pokok konifer

Page 50: nota year 4

3.5 Plants have specific characteristics to

protect themselves from dry region and

strong wind

strong winddry region

Eg : cactus.

a. Long roots to absorb waterb. Succulent stem can store waterc. Thorn can can prevent the excessive loss of water

Eg: Coconut tree, bamboo tree, mangrove tree

a. Have stems that bend easily b. Have buttress rootsc. Have separated leavesd. Needle- shaped leaves

Page 51: nota year 4

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

Page 52: nota year 4

Pengukuran ( measurements)

Panjang (length) Luas (area)

IsipaduPanjang (length)

Panjang (length) Panjang (length)

cecair pepejal

Page 53: nota year 4

Volume

MEASUREMENT1.1 Length

1.2 Area

1.5 Mass

1.6 Time

1.7 Standard units

1.3 Solid1.4 Liquid

Page 54: nota year 4

1.1Length

Terminology

- The distance between two points/place/position

Ways to measure

Measuring tape

Cubit

Arm spanString

Ruler

Standard Tools

Measuring tape Ruler

Unit

mm cm m km

Correct technique

- The eye must be directly above the end of object

Page 55: nota year 4

1.2 Area

- Area is the amount of Space taken up by the surface of an object.

Terminology

- Using square card with a sides of 1 centimetre

Standard unit

- Square millimetre (mm2)- Square centimetre (cm2)- Square metre (m2)- Square kilometre (km2)

- Using formula

Area = length X width1cm

1cm

Different ways to measure area

2cm

4cm

= 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2

3cm

3cm

- by placing uniform objects such as tiles, books and stamps on the surface of the objects

Page 56: nota year 4

Volume

Terminology

The amount of space thatsomething takes up

1.3 Solid

1.4 LiquidFormula

Length x width x height

Standard Units

mm3, cm3, m3

Tools

Standard Units

measuringcylinder

ml, lCorrect technique

a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus.b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of the meniscus

Page 57: nota year 4

1.5 Mass

Terminology

- Amount of matter in an object

Tools

Electronic balance

Simple balance

Beam balance

Kitchen scale

Bathroom scale

Lever balance

Standard unit

mg g kg

Correct technique

Page 58: nota year 4

1.6 TimeTerminology

- Duration between two event

Way to measure

- Sundial , sand clock , candle clock

Process that repeats uniformly can be used to measure time

-Swinging pendulum

-Pulse rate candle

-water dripping

-Changing day and night

Tool

Standard unit

- Second , minute , hour

- Digital clock , watch , wrist watch , clock

Old clock

Events can be used measuring time

Page 59: nota year 4

1.7 The Importance of Standard Units

- for accuracy and consistency

- easy to communicate and understanding

Page 60: nota year 4

Investigating Materials

Page 61: nota year 4

1.1 The properties of materials

Insulator

Float on water

Conduct electricity

metal

conduct heatSink in water

Light to pass through

Can be stretch

wood

stone rubber ring

glass carbon plastics

metalwood

Page 62: nota year 4

1.2Applying knowledge

properties of materials in everyday life

Suggest ways to keep things hot

Covered with insulators

Suggest ways to keep things cold

hot thing cold thing

To prevent heat loss

prevent fromabsorbing heat

Page 63: nota year 4

1.3 Uses of

materials based on their properties

List of object and materials that they

are made of

object materials properties

spoon metal hard

tissue wood Soft

glasses glass transparent

Reason why particular materials are used to

make an object

cheap

easy to get

strength

good quality

Page 64: nota year 4

naturalmaterials

Man-madematerials

wood metal

rubber

cotton plastics synthetic cloth

glass

State that man-made materials comes from natural materials

reducing reusing recycling

public transport plastic bag bottle plastics glass

1.4The importance of

reuse, reduce and recycle of materials

Page 65: nota year 4

RUSTING CAN BE PREVENTED

DIFFERENT WAYS TO PREVENT OBJECTS FROM

RUSTING

Coating with non rusting materials

*paint

*oil

*grease

THE NECESSARY TO

PREVENT RUSTING

*Everlasting Live

*Save Natural

material

*Save Cost

*Looking good

1.6

*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact with air and water.

Page 66: nota year 4

UNDERSTANDING THAT SOME

MATERIALS CAN BE RUST

RUSTY OBJECTS NON RUSTY OBJECTS

OBJECT MADE OFIRON AND STEEL

OBJECT MADE OF GLASS PLASTIC,

WOOD, CLAY AND SILK

*Nail*Spoon*Knife

*Needle

*Glass*Bottle*Cup

*Pencil

Page 67: nota year 4

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH

AND THE UNIVERSE

Page 68: nota year 4

1.1The solar system

List of constituents

List of planets

Planets move around

the Sun

-Nine Planets-Natural satellites-Meteors-Comets-Asteroids

Mercury – MyVenus – VeryEarth – ExcellentMars – MotherJupiter – JustSaturn – ServedUranus – UsNeptune – NinePluto – Pudding

THE SOLAR

SYSTEM

Page 69: nota year 4

1.2 The relative size and distance between

the Earth, the Moon and the Sun

Size of the Sunrelative to the size

of the Earth.

Size of the Earthrelative to the size

of the Moon.

The relative distance fromthe Earth to the Sun comparedto the relative distance from the

Earth to the Moon.

the Sun

1

the Earth

100

the Earth

1

the Moon

4

the Sun

the Earth the Moon

150 000 000 km 382 500 km

1 : 400

Page 70: nota year 4

1.3Appreciating the perfect placement

of the planet Earth in theSolar System

Why certain planetsare not conducive

for living things.EFFECTThe Earth is

the only planet in the Solar System that has living things.

•The nearer a planet to the Sun is, the hotter is the surface of the planet .•The farther a planet from the Sun is, the colder is the surface of the planet.•Do not have enough air and water.

•Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives enough light and heat from the Sun.•It is not too hot or too cold.•The atmosphere of the Earth contains air and there is water on Earth.

Much nearer : •The temperature on the Earth would rise.•Water on Earth would evaporate.•No water and the temperature would be very hot.Much farther :•The temperature on the Earth would drop.•Water would freeze into ice.•All living things would die.

Page 71: nota year 4

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

Page 72: nota year 4

1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life

Limitation of human abilityExamples of human limitations are

• Unable to see fine objects•Unable to speak loud

•Unable to walk for long distance•Unable to see far away objects

Devices to overcome human limitation

Microscope- The usage of lens to see fine

features of objects and microbes Microphone

-To increase the voice volumeTelephone

-To communicate from long distanceBicycle, motorcycle, airplanes

-Can travel long distance in a shorter time

Telescope, binocular- To see far away objects

Page 73: nota year 4

TECHNOLOGY

1.2 Understanding The

Development Of Technology

Agriculture

e.g.:

hoe plough tractor

combine harvesterTransportation

Land: Animal bicycle car train

Air: hot air balloon airship glider aeroplane

Water: canoe raft sampan ferry

ship

Communication

Drawing carrier pigeon

Telephone

Construction

Cave hut wooden house apartment

Examples

Page 74: nota year 4

Problems theyencounter in their daily life

TECHNOLOGY

Ideas to solvethe problems identified

Device to solvethe problem identified.

Demonstrate that device invented can be used to

solve the problem identified

1.3 Synthesising

how technology can be used to solve problems

Cannot move and lift heavy thing

Cannot move farther

Sketch the model

Brain storming

lever

wheelbarrow

Pulley – can lift everything Wheel barrow – can move heavy thing easily

Page 75: nota year 4

1.4 Analysing That Technology Can Benefit Mankind If Used Wisely

Advantages of Technology Disadvantages of Technology

•CommunicationEnable human to learn more about things happening around the world

•TransportationEnable human to travel

far away places in shorter time•Agriculture

Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops

•ConstructionRoads, highways, bridges and

building is easier and faster to build

Environmental pollution from increase In waste materials

Environmental destruction result fromexcessive usage of natural resources

Social problem

Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive

use of chemicals