Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 1 perlis/skema...Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 1...
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Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 1
Structured question: No. 1 Item No. Suggested Answer: Mark
1(a) P: Cell wall
Q: Plasma membrane R: Vacuole S: Nucleus
Award 1 mark for two correct answers: maximum:
2
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
correct label of chloroplast (T) Palisade mesophyll Chloroplast contains chlorophyll for absorption of light energy for photosynthesis
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1
2
(c)(i)
(ii)
-Smooth diagram -correct labels
Root hair cell does not have chloroplast while the cell in Diagram 1 has chloroplast Root hair cell has a protruding structure but the cell in Diagram 1 does not have a protruding structure
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1
(d) Water is absorbed by the root hair through osmosis Cell sap of the root hair has a higher solute concentration than the soil water.
TOTAL
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12
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008 Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 2
No. 2 Item No. Suggested Answer: Mark
2 (a)(i)
(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)
X : Aerobic respiration Y : Anaerobic respiration in plants Aerobic respiration is the oxidation of glucose to release energy in the presence of oxygen Anaerobic respiration is the process whereby glucose is broken down to release energy in the absence of ( without using ) oxygen.
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(b)
Plants – Alcohol (ethanol), carbon dioxide.
Animals – Lactic acid, energy
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(c)
Glucose is broken down completely in aerobic respiration.
In anaerobic respiration glucose is not broken down completely but partially to give lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Some of the energy is still stored in the lactic acid molecule and ethanol molecule.
[Any two correct answers, award 2 marks ]
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(d)
Glucose zymase ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy (210 kJ)
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(e)
Muscle is in the state of oxygen deficiency Blood cannot supply oxygen fast enough to meet the demand of ATP// muscles are in the state of oxygen deficiency
Muscles obtained extra energy from anaerobic respiration
During anaerobic respiration/ O2 debt, lactic is released and cause fatigue.
When this occurs the oxygen debt is said to have been paid.
[Any three correct answers, award 3 marks ]
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1
1
1
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3 max
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008 Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 3
No. 3 Item No. Suggested answer Mark
3 (a) The capture and recapture technique. 1
(b)(i)
(ii)
Mark the specimens using a non-toxic permanent ink marker.
The mark must not be lost and must not inhibit normal body activities.
The mark does not prevent the rat from randomly mixing with the other
unmarked rats.
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(c)
PS =(no. of individuals in 1st sample x no. of individuals in 2nd sample)
(no. of marked individuals recaptured)
Population size (PS) = (100 x 140) / 40
= 350 rats
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1 (d)
To give sufficient time for the random dispersal and mixing among the
rats in the population.
1 (e) Changes in the size of population after three months can be caused
by:
•increase in number of the rats due to increase in birth rate.
•decrease in number of the rats due to death of old rats, diseases or
eaten by predators.
•migration (immigration or emigration) of the rats.
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1 2 max
(f) •The nitrate fertilizer in the river water is absorbed by the algal cells.
•Eutrophication occur
•The algae grow and reproduce rapidly that they completely cover the
water.
•They block out the light for plants growing beneath them, which
causes death.
•Decomposing bacteria acting on the dead plants and algae compete
for the oxygen in the water.
•As a result, fish and other organisms in the river die due to the lack of
oxygen.
[Any three correct answers, award 3 marks ]
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3 max
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008 Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 4
No. 4
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008
Item No. Suggested answers Marks
4(a)
Correct label of axes and
unit
Points transfer (all
correct)
Smooth curve
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1
(b)(i)
(ii)
The blood glucose level rises sharply between 0700 and 0800 hours.
The blood glucose level decreases gradually between 0800 and 1200
hours.
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1
(c) • The blood glucose rises sharply because the carbohydrates in the
meal are digested.
• High glucose level in blood stimulates the secretion of insulin.
• Insulin promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver
(and the uptake of glucose for cellular respiration).
Thus the blood glucose level decreases gradually between 0800 and 1300
hours.
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3 max
(d) • The blood glucose level drops during the period between 1800 to 1900
hours because the last meal was at 1600 hour.
• Between 1900 hours to 2200 hours the blood glucose level maintains
at about 4.6 mmoldm-3.
• This occurs because of the secretion of glucagon from the pancreas.
• Glucagon promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose.
• As a result the blood glucose level rises again at 2200 hours.
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3 max
(e)
• Blood glucose level needs to be maintained within the normal range to
provide a constant environment for the optimal functioning of cells.
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Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 5
No. 5 Item No. Suggested answers Marks
5
(a)(i)
1
(a)(ii) Coloured and smooth seed Biji berwarna dan licin
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(b)(i)
(ii)
Crossing over/ Pindah silang
Prophase I meiosis/ Profasa I Meiosis
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1
(c)
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Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008 Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 6
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008
(d) Second Probability/
Kemungkinan kedua. Cross over occurs that produced more gametes that carry different genetics characters. Berlaku proses pindah silang yang akan menghasilkan lebih banyak gamet yang membawa ciri genetik yang berbeza. The fusion of these gametes will produce variety of individuals. Percantuman gamet-gamet ini akan menghasilkan individu yang bervariasi.
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1 2 max
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(e)
To produce haploid gamete. Untuk menghasilkan gamet yang haploid. The fusion male and female haploid gametes will produce diploid zygote which has the same number of chromosomes with the parent’s. Therefore, the number of chromosomes in the same species of organism remains the same in each generation.
Percantuman antara gamet jantan yang haploid dan gamet betina yang
haploid akan menghasilkan zigot yang diploid, yang sama bilangan kromosom induk. Oleh itu bilangan kromosom dalam spesis organisma yang sama dapat dikekalkan dalam setiap generasi.
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(f)
OR any other possible answers
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1
Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 7
No. 6 Item No. Suggested Answer Mark
6(a)(i)
Able to list the general characteristic of enzymes Sample answers: P1 – Enzymes are proteins which are synthesized by living Organisms P2 – Enzymes bind to their substrates and convert them into product in the enzymatic reaction P3 – Enzymes have specific site called active sites to bind to specific substrates // enzymes are highly specific in their reaction. P4 – Enzymes speed up the rate of biochemical reaction but remain unchanged // are not destroyed at the end of the reaction. P5 – Enzymes are needed in small quantities because they are not used up P6 - Most enzyme- catalysed reaction are reversible
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4 max 6(a)(ii)
Able to discuss the uses of enzymes in industrial processes and our daily life, using suitable examples Sample answers: Type of industry/ Application (A)
Enzyme used (E) Uses (U)
Rennin solidifies milk Lipase Ripening of the cheese
1. Food processing industry (a) dairy product
Lactase Hydrolysed lactose to glucose in the making of ice cream
Amylase Convert starch flour into sugar in making bread
(b) bakery products
Protease Convert protein in the making of biscuits
Amylase Convert malt into glucose for the fermentation of yeast
(c) Alcoholic drinks(beer/wine industry) Zymase Convert sugar into ethanol
during fermentation of yeast (d) Fish products Protease Removes the skin of fish (e) Meat products
Protease Tenderises meat
(f) cereal grain products
Cellulose Break down cellulose and removes seed coats from cereal grain
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Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008 Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 8
(g) Seaweed products
Cellulose Digest cell wall and extract agar from seaweed
Amylase Change starch into sugar in making syrups
(h) Starch products
Glucose isomerase
Convert glucose into fructose/production of high fructose syrup
2 Leather products
Trypsin/protease Removal of hair from animal hides
3. Medical products
Pancreatic trypsin
Treats inflammation
4. Biological washing powder/detergent
Protease and amylase
Dissolve protein and starch stains in clothes
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6 max
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008
6(b) Able to explain how extra cellular enzyme is produced by emphasizing
on the role of P,Q, R and S.
1
P1 – Q is nucleus , contain DNA which store genetic information for enzyme synthesis in chromosome.
1 P2 – The genetic information is transferred to ribosome by RNA P3 – R is mitochondrion, carry out cellular respiration and produces
energy which is needed in enzyme synthesis. P4 – Protein that are synthesized at ribosome are transported in the space within the rough endoplasmic reticulum P4 – Protein depart from the rough endoplasmic reticulum wrapped in vesicles that bud off from the membrane of rough endoplasmic reticulum P5 – The transport vesicles then fuse with the membrane of the golgi apparatus/ P . P6 – The proteins are further modified during their transport in the golgi apparatus/ P. P7 – For example carbohydrates are added to proteins to make
glycoprotein P8 – Secretory vesicles, S containing these modified proteins bud off from the golgi apparatus and travel to the plasma membrane P9 – These vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane before releasing the proteins as enzyme outside the cell Grant marks: Student mention the role of P,Q ,R and S before or after the explanation.
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Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 9
No. 7
Item No. Suggested answer
Mark
7(a)(i) • The type of animal is ruminant • Examples – cow and buffalo/ goats (any two correct answers)
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1
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008
(a)(ii) The differences between ruminant digestive system and human digestive system are: • A ruminant digestive system has four-chamber stomach namely
rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum whereas a human digestive system has only one stomach.
• A ruminant is aided by bacteria and protozoa (that produce cellulose enzyme) to digest cellulose (whereas) human digestive system cannot digest cellulose/ is not aided in digestion of cellulose, (thus cellulose is egested without digested).
• Cellulose is digested in ruminant but cellulose is not digested in human.
• A ruminant can vomit out the content of its rumen to regurgitate and rechew food (rumination) but in human the food is chewed only once/ passes through the digestive tract only once.
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1 2 max
7(b)(i) Functions of the liver/ T
• The liver secretes bile which is stored in the gall bladder and released
into the duodenum when required. • The liver regulates the blood sugar level by converting excess glucose
to glycogen and storing it.
1
1 • The liver removes excess amino acids by breaking them down first into
ammonia and then into urea which is excreted; and this process is known as deamination.
1 1 • The liver stores and metabolises fats.
• The liver synthesises fibrinogen and prothrombin which are blood-clotting substances and heparin which is an anticoagulant.
• The liver detoxifies many harmful chemicals.
1 1 • The liver breaks down worn out red blood cells and removes
circulating hormones from the blood when they are no longer required and breaks them down.
1 • The liver synthesises vitamin A and stores it together with vitamins D,
K and B 12 1 8 max
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Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 10
F1- T secretes bile that will emulsify lipids. 1 7(b)(ii) P1- bile is alkaline salt that will neutralise acidic chyme from stomach //
optimise the pH for enzyme action in duodenum. 1
P2- bile emulsify lipids by breaking them down into tiny droplet // provide
greater surface area. 1
F2- Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains pancreatic amylase,
trypsin and lipase. 1
P1- Pancreatic amylase completes the digestion of starch to maltose 1 starch + water maltose
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008
P2- Trypsin digests polypeptide into shorter chain of peptide polypeptide + water peptides P3- Lipase completes the digestion of lipids into fatty acid and glycerol lipid droplets + water glycerol + fatty acids
1 1 1 1 1
8 max
pancreatic amylase
trypsin
lipase
Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 11
No. 8 Item No. Suggested answer Mark
8(a)(i) Salt 1
(a)(ii) • a large intake of salty food causes the osmotic pressure of the
blood to increase. 1 1 • the person becomes thirsty. • sensory cells in the hypothalamus / osmoreceptor cells detect
changes in the osmotic pressure of the blood. 1 1 • this triggers the pituitary gland to secrete ADH. • ADH carried by the blood to the distal convoluted tubule and
the collecting ducts 1 • ADH increases the permeability of the walls of these ducts to
water. 1 • more water is reabsorbed, causing the volume of urine to
decrease. 1 • no aldosterone is secreted from the adrenal glands because
of the high salt content in the blood. 1 1 • less salt is reabsorbed in the kidneys.
• as a result, the urine produced is concentrated and the volume is low until osmotic pressure of the blood returns to normal
1
9 max
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008
8(b) F1-The drop in enviromental temperature is detected by
thermoreceptor // cold receptor in the skin P1-Nerve impulse is sent to the hypothalamus. P2- Nerve impulses are transmitted along the afferent neurone to the
hypothalamus. F2 – Hypothalamus acts as the temperature regulatory centre P3 - Thermoreceptoris in hypothalamus detect the drop of temperature
of the blood flowing past it P4- Nerve impulses are sent to the efector through efferent neurone. F3- The effectors respond by physical means (involving muscle) P5- Voluntary muscle activity is increased such as rubbing the hands
to keep warm. P6- Involuntary muscles contract and relax frequently leading to
shivering to produce heat F4- by the process of metabolisme ( which involves the endocrine
glands) P7- Adrenal glands stimulate the secretion of adrenaline which causes
an increase in the metabolisme rate P8- More heat is produced
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 max
Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 12
No. 9
Item No. Suggested answer Mark
9(a) Variation may occur through crossing over during meiosis I , independent assortement of chromosomes, random fertilisation and mutation
Crossing over -occurs during prophase I of meiosis 1 -non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at the chiasma
1
-segment of chromatids exchange places 1 -segment of the maternal chromatids become attached to the paternal chromatids
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-New combination of genes are produced 1 3 max
Independent assortment of chromosomers - At mataphase I the homologous pairs of chromosomes are arranged on the metaphase plate at random
1
- Each homologous pair of chromosoms is positioned to the other pairs
1
- At the first meiotic division, there is an independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes into daughter cells
1
- results in variety of gametes. 1 3 max
Fertilisation -Gametes with diverse combination of homologous chromosomes fused together to form a zygote
1
-zygotes formed have greater variety of gene combination 1 Mutation -change of particular genes/chromosomes in gamets 1 - mutation in gamete can be inherited causing abnormal development
in the offspring 1
Jumlah 10 max
9(b) P1 – penyakit hemofilia di kawal oleh gen resesif yang terdapat pada
kromosom seks // Xh 1 . P2 – kehadiran satu gen hemofilia pada anak lelaki menyebabkan ia
menjadi pengidap // XH 1 Y. Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008 Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
Skema jawapan biologi percubaan spm 2008 13
P3 – kehadiran satu gen hemofilia pada perempuan menjadikannya
pembawa // XH
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2008
Xh
END OF ANSWER SCHEME END OF ANSWER SCHEME
Xh. P3 – kehadiran satu gen hemofilia pada perempuan menjadikannya pembawa // XH
P4 – kehadiran sepasang gen hemofilia / 2 gen pada kedua-dua kromosom seks menjadikannya pengidap // Xh Xh . P4 – kehadiran sepasang gen hemofilia / 2 gen pada kedua-dua kromosom seks menjadikannya pengidap // X X h Y XH XH X
P5 P5
Xh 1 .
h Xh . 1
h Y XH XH
1 P6 XH Xh XH Xh XH Y XH Y
1 P7 Female female male male
1 Carrier carrier normal normal Perempuan perempuan lelaki lelaki Pembawa pembawa normal normal XH Y Xh Xh
P8
1
1 P9 XH Xh XH Xh Xh Y Xh Y Female female male male Carrier carrier haemophiliac haemophiliac Perempuan perempuan lelaki lelaki
1 Pembawa pembawa hemofilia hemofilia P10 – Couple A is advised to proceed with marriage as their children
will be free from haemophiliac. P10 – Pasangan A dinasihatkan boleh meneruskan perkahwinan
kerana anak yang dihasilkan adalah normal dan bebas dari penyakit hemofilia.
1 P11 – Couple B is advised not to proceed with marriage as their
children will suffer from haemophilia. P11 – pasangan B dinasihatkan tidak meneruskan perkahwinan
kerana anak lelaki mendapat hemofilia. 1 10 max
Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis