PENGEMBANGAN NANOTEKNOLOGI: Prospek dan Aplikasinya Berbasis SDA Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Nurul Taufiqu Rochman, M. Eng., PhD

PENDIRI MASYARAKAT NANO INDONESIA

DEWAN PEMBINA YAYASAN NANOCENTER INDONESIA

PENELITI UTAMA PUSAT PENELITIAN FISIKA LIPI

Indonesia dalam Perspektif

Nanoteknologi

Perkembangan Nanoteknologi di

Indonesia

Tim Fonseca http://www.nanotech-now.com/Art_Gallery/tim-fonseca.htm

Robot sel darah putih berenang dalam

peredaran darah menemukan bakteri/ virus

atau patogen lainnya dan membunuhnya Nanorobot

?

Nano-Nano ?

iPOD Nano ?

NANO RIANTIARNO?

NANOTEKNOLOGI

NANO

Nano Suratno

artist name

Nama Artis?

1 nanometer = 1 per billion meter

1

1.000.000.000 One Billion!!!!!

1 nm = m

50 mikrometer = 50.000 nanometer

Berapa besar ukuran nanometer?

• Ketebalan ukuran kulit gelembung sabun ketika ada warna pelangi sebelum meletus

Ukuran partikel merubah sifat material?

Warna EMAS? Struktur

Arang?

Nanosains dan Nanoteknologi?

Nanosains? Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang sifat-sifat bahan/ objek dan fenomena alam yang terjadi dalam ukuran di bawah 100 nanometer (1 nm =10-9 m).

Nanoteknologi? Ilmu dan teknik menyusun dan

mengkontrol atom demi atom

atau molekul demi molekul

untuk membuat “new world”.

Skala meter VS Skala nanometer

Perbandingan skala meter dan nanometer,

seperti bumi dan bola pimpong.

Selamat datang di dunia NANO…

1 centimeter

100 micrometer

10 micrometer

1 micrometer

100 nanometer

10 nanometer

1 nanometer

DNA; 2-3 nm

MATERIAL NANO: BLOK LEGO

Perbedaan LEGO

NANO

di

Alam

Jumlah produk nano yang terdaftar pada data base Inventori

produk konsumen

Produk2 berbasis nanoteknologi

Dewasa ini, banyak produk-produk berbasis nanoteknologi yang telah dijual bebas di Indonesia!

Peningkatan Market Global pada Produk Berbasis

Nanoteknologi

Nanotechnology

Time

Revolution of nanotechnology

Steam Engines

Computers

Railways

Automobiles

(Middle Ages)

Nanotech revolution will give significant societal impact that equals to 4 previous industrial revolutions in relatively short period.

Center for Responsible Nanotechnology www.CRNano.org

Peningkatan Investasi Global pada Nanoteknologi

Pendanaan dunia

melebihi 15 rb

triliun rupiah

Peluang Pengembangan Nanoteknologi

Time (R&D effort)

(EC and FP6, at NRM Conference Roma 2004)

INDONESIA

Nanotech in Indonesia

Nanotechnology development in

Indonesia in brief ~ 2004: Several research centers and Universities have started nanotechnology

researches mainly conducted by young researchers who just came back from abroad.

2004~2005: The State Ministry of Research and Technology started to identify research on nanotechnology.

April 2005: Indonesian Society for Nano or Masyarakat Nano Indonesia (MNI) was established. In order to accelerate development of nanotechnology R&D in Indonesia, MNI has created programs such as workshops, national and international conferences, nanotechnology road show, establishing MOU with universities to collaborate with researches and educate students, also creating information center for nanotechnology via website.

2005~2008: The State Ministry of Research and Technology gave financial support for nanotechnology R&D and then research on Nanotechnology has become significant issue at research centers and universities in Indonesia.

2008~2010: Ministry of Industry in collaboration with MNI made nanotechnology roadmap for supporting National industry

2010-2011: Ministry of Agriculture has started giving research grant for nano and proposes nano-center for foods application.

2012~ 2018 Nanotech era in Industry begins 2020 - Nanotechnology is expected to become national issue

22

Paradigm shift of Nanotechnology Development in Amerika

M.C. Roco, Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology, National Science Foundation,

Chair, U.S. National Science and Technology Council's subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology

(NSET)

Paradigm shift of Nanotechnology

Development in Indonesia

<2005

Before MNI

2005-2008 Transition

2008-2012 Industrial

Roadmap

2012-2018

Nano era in

industry begins

Limited

interest

Limited

information

Limited R&D

NT: Science

fiction

NT

Research

trend

NTExpect

in the future

Start up company

National Issue

Nano activities in Indonesia

Nanotechnology development in Indonesia is getting more active since 2005, where many institutions from several ministries have been involved seriously

Pioneers – Ministry of Research and Technology (LIPI, BATAN, BPPT) – Ministry of Industry (Research Center under MoI) – Ministry of National Education (Universities)

Followers – Ministry of Agriculture (Research Center under MoA) – Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Research Center under MoEMR)

Coming soon – Ministry of Marine and Fishery – Ministry of Environment – Ministry of Justice and Human Right – Ministry of Health – Ministry of Public works

New Policy/New Program/Initiative/

Funding for nanotech in each ministry (1)

• Ministry of Research and Technology (since 2005) – National Research Agenda in White Book (2005-2025): New Priority

Field on Advanced Material and Nanotechnology. – Research grants for development and implementation of

nanotechnology for supporting national industry (2005-2013)Advanced Materials

• Ministry of Industry (since 2008) – Agency for Industrial Research and Development decree

(No.06/BPPI.2/SK/1/2010 regarding Nanotechnology Roadmap for supporting national industry) • Roadmap for Textile & Ceramics industries (2008), Food and Chemical

industries (2009), Polymer Industry (2010) • Assessment of incentive program for national industry which apply

nanotechnology (2010), for down stream of chemical industry (2013) • Research grant for development and implementation nanotechnology for

supporting industry (2008-2010)

New Policy/New Program/Initiative/

Funding for nanotech in each ministry (2)

Ministry of agriculture: Indonesia Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) (since 2010)

– Research consortium on nanotechnology application for fertilizer (2010-2012)

– Development of Nanotechnology for Foods and Agriculture in Indonesian

– Establishment of nanotechnology laboratory for foods and agriculture in fiscal year 2012-2013 with total amount: 5,4 Million USD (3,1 Million USD for Laboratory Equipments and 2,3 Million USD for Infrastructure/Building). )

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

– Research grant for nanotechnology development based on mineral resources (since 2007)

• Etc

Update on Nanotech policy (Funding, new

initiatives, strategy areas etc). Cont’..

Nanotech policy at several universities – University of Indonesia began building center of excellence for nano with budget from private

sector (US $ 500.000).

– Bandung Institute of Technology in collaboration with JICA for Nano-Science development Project (US$ 20 million).

– Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS) proposes Center of excellence including nano-center.

– University of Gajah Mada: allocated budget for nanotechnology infrastructure (TEM etc)

– University of Airlangga allocated budget for nanotechnology infrastructure (TEM etc)

– Padjajaran University established Nanotechnology center for carbon material.

Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and BATAN o New budget (US $ 4 million) for Advanced Material and Nanotechnology R&D (2008-2014) and

White book for development strategy on Advanced Material and Nanotechnology at LIPI (2012-2017).

o BATAN (PTBIN) built Nanotechnology Lab with new equipments (AFM, PSA, SEM, etc) in 2011-2012.

Indonesian Society for

Nano

It was established in April 2005 and composed of more than 500 young

researchers from many national research institutions (government

institutions, universities, private sectors) in interdisciplinary of

nanotechnology.

300 Scholarships

20 Students N a n o C l u b

500+ Seminar

Nanotechnology activities

AGES OF NANOTECH EXPERTS Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”

EDUCATION

84,4%

13,9%

1,7%

Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”

AFFILIATION

Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”

EDUCATION BACKGROUND (COUNTRY)

Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”

Fields of nano-R&D in Indonesia

Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”

Nano-material

Nano-policy Nano-electronic &

device

Nano-

biotechnology

Nano-chemistry

35% 38% %

Source of technology

11%

local

89% import

Although many industries applied nanotechnology in their products, human

resources for nano-based R&D are still few. This is because, the industries

using import technology in their production. Moreover, the nano-products are

only small portion in the production line.

(150 industries: Textile, Ceramics, Chemistry, Consumer goods, ICT, Automotive, foods)

Conducted by:

The Ministry of Industry and Indonesian Society for Nano

41%

32%

11%11%

5%

Informasi

Teknologi

SDM

Lain-lain

Dana

Problems occurred during the implementation of

nanotechnology in national industry

Information

Technology

Human

Resources

Etc.

Financial

37

Tech

no

log

y p

ush

Sumber daya

Teknologi

proses awal

Produk

teknologi

Industri

Prioritas

Mineral Sumber nabati & hewani SDM

Filtrasi PemurnianSeparasiEkstraksi

Nano-katalis

Nano-poros

Nano-polimerNano-coating

Nano-komposit

Energy Storage and Converter

Superior Material

Super absorbent

Nano-sensor

Time release material

Infrastuktur

Self AssemblyMilling Spay dryer AtomisasiPenguapan Sol-gel

IndustriKonstruksiTekstil

Kimia IndustriOtomotifPangan

Keramik

PT, LPND, Litbang Departemen, Litbang Industri

Presipitasi Elektrolisa

Produk

bahan baku

Nanopartikel

Nano-keramik Nanopartikel logam Nano-poros Carbon nano tube Material berstruktur nano

Finansial

IndustriPolimer

Energi

Ma

rke

t p

ull

FASE 1 FASE 2 FASE 35 th 10 th 15 th

EpitaxyLithography

Smelting

Nano-polishing

IndustriElektronik

Roadmap of nanotechnology development to support

national industry

(push technology and market pull approach)

Indonesia from nanotechnology perspective:

A new way to look into the future of our nation

INDONESIA

Indonesia dikarunia

kekayaan sumber

daya alam termasuk

keragaman hayati

(no 2 di dunia)

Sbg bahan baku

produk nano

Populasi terbesar no

3 di Asia dan no 4 di

dunia ± 275 juta

populasi Potensi

Market

Tanaman untuk Kesehatan (Obat Herbal)

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza ROXB.)

Source: from many literatures

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness)

Pegagan (Centella asiatica)

Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.)

Jahe (Zingiber officinale)

Laban Abang (Aglaia odorata)

Kina (Chinchona spp)

Keji Beling (Strobilanthes

crispus)

TANAMAN UNTUK PERAWATAN TUBUH DAN

KOSMETIK

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis

Milleer)

Source: from many literatures

Papaya (Carica Papaya L)

Cananga (Canangium odoratum)

Jasmine (Jasminum sambac

Air)

Seaweed (Zingiber officinale)

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)

Kemuning (Murraya

paniculata)

Langsat (Lansium

domesticum)

SDA Indonesia tanpa diolah diekspor besar2 an dengan harga murah

Impor bahan ½ jadi dari bahan mentah yang kita ekspor

Harga naik menjadi minimum 10 kali lipat hingga 1000 kali lipat

APA YANG SALAH DI NEGARA KITA? Kemampuan mengolah bahan

baku rendah. Strategi pengelolaan bahan alam

menjadi bahan baku lemah.

Industry generated by nanomaterial from Indonesia natural resources

Nanotechnology can increase the value added of Indonesia's natural resources

Who controls raw materials

will win global competition in

the world

Intermediate

process I

Nano

particle

Nano

interm.

particle

Intermediate

process …

Nano

productIntermediate

process I

Nano

particle

Nano

interm.

particle

Intermediate

process …

Nano

product

Simple ComplexTechnological level

Rp 10 rb~10 jt/kg

Rp 100 rb~100 jt/kg

Rp100 rb~100jt/kg

Rp100 rb~100jt/kg

Luther, Wolfgang, International Strategy and Foresight Report on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2004).

Peningkatan tren pemakaian nanopartikel selama

periode 2005 - 2010

Sumber bahan baku untuk nanopartikel dari tanaman herbal

• Nanopartikel dapat dibuat dengan berbagai ukuran dengan fungsi tertentu dari bagian-bagian tanaman seperti:

– Pohon, Tangkai daun,

– Akar,

– daunleaves,

– buah,

– Bijih dlsb

Inte

rnat

ional

Journ

al o

f H

erbal

Med

icin

e 2016;

4(3

): 2

1-2

7

KUNYIT

Nanopartikel Kunyit

IMPAK NANO

Kulit Manggis

Nanopartikel kulit manggis

IMPAK NANO

NANO JAHE, NANO SPIRULINA, NANOTEMULAWAK, NANOBERAS, NANOSAMBILOTO

Nanopartikel Kitosan dari limbah cangkang udang

For Cosmetics (anti aging, sun screen etc)

Wound Healing

Drug Delivery

Anti bacteria

crustaceans

Development and production of nanoherbal materials

Nano-propolis, nano-spirulina, nano-ginseng, nano-curcumin, nanotongkat ali, etc.

Nano Herbal Commercialization

IRON SAND

NANOTECH IMPACT

Black Oxide Nanoparticle for

Toner

Red Oxide Nanoparticle for Coating anti-corrosion

Karang Laut

Bahan baku Nanokalsium organik

IMPAK NANO

Dengan Nanoteknologi SDA kita dapat

ditingkatkan nilai tambahnya secara signifikan

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Super slim Laptop

Rp. 10.000.000,-

The value of

nanotech

5 ton curcuma: Rp 10,000,000,-

5 kg curcuma nanoparticle

Rp 10,000,000,-

Smart and compact HP

Rp. 2,000,000,-

The value of

nanotech

Mangosteen rind

nanoparticle

1 kg: Rp. 2,000,000,-

58

“The (nano) tsunami is gaining height “,

Tim Harper, Cientifica

APLIKASI NANOTEKNOLOGI BERBASIS SDA INDONESIA

(Farmasi, Kosmetik dan Kedokteran Gigi)

In recent year, there is a global interest to “back to nature” relating to safety issue.

Research on medicinal plants has attracted a lot of attention globally. A number of evidence has been demonstrate promising potential of medicinal plants used in the maintenance of personal health and well-being

WHO estimated 80% of world population uses herbal preparation and noted that 119 plants are with efficacy and used in making modern medicines

74% of those plants are used in the modern medicines the same way they use in the traditional medications

TREN GLOBAL DALAM DUNIA

HERBAL

medicinal plants will, seemingly, continue to

play an important role as an health aid.

• The Health Applications and cosmetics industry was among the first to implement nanotechnological principles in product development. Of 1814 registered nanotechnology-based products on the global market in 2013, more than 12% were classified as products for cosmetic use [Woodrow Wilson Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies]

Penerapan Nanoteknologi pada industri kesehatan dan kosmetik termasuk yang pertama

OKSIDA LOGAM (TiO2 dan ZnO) untuk Produk2 Kosmetik

PRODUK NANO KOSMETIK

Aktor utama industri nano

117

83

462

388

0 100 200 300 400 500

Jumlah aktor nanoteknologi global

Industri besar

Ventur bisnis

Strat up/ IKM

Institusi riset/

Universitas

Sumber: Publikasi Cientifica 2003

Phytomedicine 15: 23–30 (2008)

Enhanced antioxidant bioactivity of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen)

products prepared using nanotechnology

Liu et al, National Taiwan University, Taiwan

Goal: to compare the antioxidant activities of medicinal plant materials prepared using nanotechnology or traditional grinding methods.

Results: Stronger antioxidant bioactivities were observed for the extracts prepared using nanotechnology. It suggested that the release of the constituents will be more rapid and more complete in nanotechnology preparations compared to those prepared using the traditional methods.

1. Bioaktifitas antioksidan Tanaman Taiwan Danshen dengan nanoteknologi

DPPH radical scavenging activity Concentration differences of salvianolic

acid

Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2007, 5:3 Polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin ("nanocurcumin"):

a novel strategy for human cancer therapy Bisht et al, University of Delhi, India

Goal: to improve the solubilty of hydrophobic curcumin by nanoparticle-based drug delivery approaches

Results: Nanocurcumin, unlike free curcumin, is readily dispersed in aqueous media. Nanocurcumin demonstrates comparable in vitro therapeutic efficacy to free curcumin against a panel of human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Further, nanocurcumin's mechanisms of action on pancreatic cancer cells mirror that of free curcumin.

2. Enkapsulasi nanopartikel kunyit: Strategi baru untuk terapi kanker

Solubility difference Nanocurcumin inhibits the clonogenic potential of

pancreatic cancer cell lines

PLANTS EXPLORED: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness)

It is an herbaceous plant, commonly known as „King of Bitters”, in the family

Acanthaceae. It is widely cultivated in sourthern Asia. It has been traditionally used over

the centuries for many medicinal pusposes, particularly for diabetes therapy

A.

paniculata Nano-extracts

In this study, we are trying to prepare the plant material in nanoscale system and

investigate the influence of the size on its pharmacological activity by in vitro

analysis (enzyme inhibition and insulin secretion analysis).

Size distribution analysis by PSA

Mean diameter: 150 nm

This study is just in early stage, therefore need many collaborations, particularly for investigation the difference of

activity when the plants is prepared in nano-scale system.

3. Aplikasi nanoteknologi untuk peningkatan efisiensi tanaman

obat untuk terapi diabetes Dr. Etik et all BPPT

4. Nanoencapsulasi ekstrak herbal dan formulasi pada produk kosmetik

(Joint Research Collaboration: BPPT and National Cosmetic Industry)

GOAL:

a) Development of method for preparing nanoherbal extracts

b) Evaluation of the improvement activity

c) Application study in cosmetic products

PLANTS EXPLORED:

1. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) herbs:

2. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) shell:

Research Members: Eriawan R, Susi K., and Idah R.

Mangosteen

Pegagan

Cosmetic formulation Nano-

extracts

Bacteria inhibition

activity

5. Nanoencapsulasi vitamin dan formulasi pada produk kosmetik

(Joint Research Collaboration: BPPT and National Cosmetic Industry)

GOAL: a) Development of method for preparing vitamin A ester with high efficacy

as antiageing agent by encapsulation in chitosan nanoparticles b) Evaluation of the improvement activity c) Application study in cosmetic products (antiageing topical cream)

BIORESOURCES EXPLORES:

Chitosan (deacetilated chitin; from shrimp shell)

Research Members: Etik M, Sjaikhurrizal EM., and Damai RS

Nanoencapsulated Vit A (size ± 130 nm)

In vitro diffusion profile (using mouse skin)

0

3

6

9

12

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Waktu (jam)

% R

ele

ase

Sample 1

Sample 2

Cream formulation

Chitosan

Nanotech in dentistry

Nanotech in dentistry

Nanotech in dentistry

Tim Fonseca http://www.nanotech-now.com/Art_Gallery/tim-fonseca.htm

Nanotech in dentistry

Nanotech in dentistry

Nanoteknologi menjadi harapan baru bagi negara-negara berkembang yang

memiliki kekayaan SDA. Dengan sentuhan nanoteknologi, SDA Indonesia

dapat ditingkatkan nilai ekonominya secara signifikan.

Lalu bagaimana mengakselerasi penerapan Nanoteknologi di

Indonesia?

-Ilmuwan yang berjiwa entrepreneur

-Hasil Invensi/paten/ temuan yang berdampak

-Mitra Industri dan networking yang luas

-Sinergisitas dan kerjasama yang solid antara ilmuwan dan para pelaku usaha

PENUTUP

NANOTEKNOLOGI:

KERETA TERAKHIR INDONESIA!!!