Pengenalan alat muzik

Pengenalan alat muzik.....

Pengenalan

Laman Web Alat Muzik Tradisional Malaysia ini dibangunkan dengan tujuan untuk mewarwarkan kepada masyarakat sejagat terutama generasi muda. Disamping itu dapat memberi pemahaman lebih jelas tentang rupabentuk dan fungsi serta bunyi alat muzik itu. Skop maklumat alat muzik tradisional ini amatlah terbatas, ianya masih terdapat masa kini dan terus diterima pakai oleh bangsa di Malaysia.Kami berusaha membangunkan web ini semungkin yang boleh dan pertambahan maklumat serta paparan artifak yang menarik akan dikemaskini dari semasa ke semasa. Secara amnya, selain daripada digunakan untuk menghasilkan berbagai jenis muzik, alat alat muzik ini merupakan bahan estetika yang penting dalam masyarakat. Ia digunakan sebagai alat penyebar maklumat, lambang budaya bangsa, alat ritual yang dapat menghubungkan manusia dengan alam luar biasa(magis) selain dari fungsi utama sebagai alat hiburan.

Terdapat lima kategori Alat Muzik Tradisional:

Kordofon Membranofon

Alat-alat muzik kordofon ialah alat-alat yang mengeluarkan bunyi kerana adanya getaran pada tali yang ditegangkan. Alat-alat muzik rebab, sape dan lain-lain tergolong dalam kategori ini.

Dalam kategori ini digolongkan alat-alat muzik yang menghasilkan bunyi melalui kulit atau membrane yang ditegang dan dipalu.Berbagai jenis alat gendang dan rebana Melayu tergolong dalam kategori membranofon. Kebiasaannya digunakan di dalam menghasilkan lagu-lagu rakyat.

Erofon Idiofon

Erofon adalah alat-alat muzik yang menghasilkan bunyi melalui lubang udara. Dalam masyarakat pribumi Malaysia,terdapat beberapa jenis alat muzik erofon seperti serunai, seruling, nafiri, seruling hidung dan lain lain yang sejenis.

Idiofon adalah alat-alat muzik yang menghasilkan bunyi melalui tindakbalas pada rangka badan yang bergema. Contoh alat muzik idiofon pribumi Malaysia ialah kumpulan gong dan jenis-jenisnya. Dalam kategori idiofon terdapat alat-alat muzik 'metallophone', yang diperbuat daripada logam gangsa seperti saron dan gendir dalam ensemble gamelan.

Erofon Bebas

Erofon bebas adalah suatu alat muzik yang menghasilkan bunyi melalui lubang udara dengan car meniupnya, penjenisan alat adalah berbeza dari erofon. Ianya diperbuat dari pelbagai bentuk yang berbeza dan diperbuat dari bahan yang bersifat sementara seperti daun-daun kayu, daun kelapa dan sebagainya. Penghasilan bunyi tidak mengikut kod muzik yang ditetapkan dan bukan untuk tujuan dipermainkan bersama alat muzik yang lain.

Sarawak Sapeh

[ Borneo Lute ]

Introduction

The sape is one of the string instruments from the lute family, which has a short neck.It is made from soft wood, usually the meranti's. The sape has quite an elongated body which is hollowed out and functions as a resonator. The shape of the body looks like a sampan and is often called 'the boat lute' in the west.

History

The sape is a traditional lute of many of the Orang Ulu or "upriver people", who live in the longhouses that line the rivers of Central Borneo. Sapes are carved from a single bole of wood; many modern instruments reach over a metre in length. It is famous among the Kayan and Kenyah tribes of East Malaysia. It is used in entertainment and to accompany dances such as 'Datun Julud and 'Ngajat' (one of the warrior dances associated with headhunting according to legend). Originally , sape strings were made from the Sago tree but now these have been replaced by nylon strings.

Tuning

One of the systems that are usually used are as follows:

String 1: Tune like the middle C of the piano String 2:Tune like C one octave lower than middle C String 3: Tune to A, a minor third below middle C String 4: Tune to F, a perfect fourth above middle C

Playing

All the strings are plucked using the thumb and only one of the strings is used to play the melody. The rest of the strings function as drone strings, playing only open strings. The strings are fixed across the body, supported by a bridge which is movable, for tuning purposes.

Songs

The sape repertoire comprises songs like: Sambe Main Daton, Jempen Letoh, Kabun, Kelewah, Eng-tang Takoh and Nau-hu. The Kelewah is usually performed for the purpose of entertainment of the residents of the longhouse. The sape is usually played in a duet, playing in two registers, low and high. Sape music is best known through the works of the late, great Tusau Padan. The tradition of Sape at present remains in the good hands of Uchau Bilong and Mathew Ngau Jau.

Construction

Initially the sape was a fairly limited instrument with two strings, three strings and four strings. Its use was restricted to a form of ritualistic music to induce trance. It gradually became a social instrument, used as accompaniment for dances and as a form of entertainment. Today, three, four or five-string instruments are used, with a range of more than three octaves.

Application

Musically, the sape is a simple instrument. One string carries the melody, the accompanying strings are struck rhythmically to produce a drone. In practice, the music is quite complex, with many ornamentations and thematic variations. There

are two common modes, one for the men's longhouse dance and the other for the woman's longhouse dance. There also is a third rarely used mode. Sape music is usually inspired by dreams; there are over 35 traditional pieces with many variations. The overall repertoire is slowly increasing.

Sarawak Sapeh

[ Borneo Lute ]

Payment Form (Please fill in quantity)

Item Code Description Price * Quantity Total

S001A Large Sapeh, Ethnic Painting 330

S001B Medium Sapeh, Ethnic Painting 310

S001C Small Sapeh, Ethnic Painting 280

S002 Sapalele Lute, Ethnic Decorations 240

S003 Carved Sapeh, Ethnic Fully Carved 530

S001S Sompoton, Wind Instrument 25

CD001T Tusau Padan Ethincal Music Audio CD 20

Others Strings, Covers , Replacements,Peg, Wax etc.(please fill in agreed price)

-- GRAND TOTAL -- --

Sarawak Sapeh

[ Borneo Lute ]

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"Sape" or "Sapeh" (Item No S001)

Size : 1200mm x 200mm

Production : Limited 6 pieces a month

Image 1 Image 2 Image 3

Price : GBP300 Shipping : GBP30

Total : GBP330

"Sape" or "Sapeh" (Item No S001C)

Size : 900mm X 180mm

Ethnic painting. Production : 36

pieces a month

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Total : GBP280

"Sape" or "Sapeh" (Item No S001C)


Ethnic painting Production : 36

pieces a month



Total : GBP310

http://www.angelfire.com/musicals/sapeh/buynow.html



"Sapelele" (Item No S002)

Size : 630mm x 130mm

Production : Please contact.



Total : GBP240

"Sape" or "Sapeh" (Item No S003)


Ethnic CARVING Production : 6 per

month

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Total : GBP530

"Sompoton" (Item No S001S)

Size : 370mm X 130mm Production : 24 pieces a month


What is sapeh.....



Sapeh is kind of an ethnical spanish guitar. Its form is still not evolved as the people that make these instruments come from very

rural places. It is very exciting to play these instruments.

http://www.angelfire.com/musicals/sapeh/about.html

Pengenalan alat muzik

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Transcript of Pengenalan alat muzik