PENINGKATAN PRE S TA S I BELAJAR M ENGGUNAKA N … · PENDEKATAN KONTEK S TUAL DALA M M ATA...

RAJALEB ISATSERP NATAKGNINEP NAKANUGGNEM

API NARAJALEP ATAM MALAD LAUTSKETNOK NATAKEDNEP

MACAM GNATNET - III SALEK AWSIS ADNEB KAREG MACAM

RIGGNIM UPELK SUISINAK DS

2 RETSEMES 1102 / 0102 NARAJALEP NUHAT

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

DSGP idutS margorP

:helo nususiD

iratseL irpA atnisaY

861431190

RASAD HALOKES URUG NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

1102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i






ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

DSGP idutS margorP

:helo nususiD


861431190

IDUTS MARGORP RASAD HALOKES URUG NAKIDIDNEP

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

1102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM

abocnem mulebes uhat hanrep nakkat atiK

naka nauhategnep umlI alibapa anrupmes

nataubrep malad nakataynid

adapek umnaritawahkek alages halnakhareS - ayN

umak arahilemem gnay aI babes

lah agit halada naparahgnep nad ,hisak,umlI

pudih patet aisunam taubmem gnay

: kutnu nakhabmesrepuK

atnicret ukubI nad kapaB iagabeS ukitkaB nad tamroH asar

atnicret ukrapi kakak nad ukkakaK iniR kabM( - kotoT saM ,naH saM - kabM

irT kabM nad ,iraT - )ekuN saM

nad ,atirP ,anoB ,otiV “ uknakanopeK“ legnA nagned muynesret uka taub ulales

adnac - .umadnac

ignayas uka gnay gnaroeseS “ subokaYokotnarpuS ” hadus gnay irebmem

.uka taub isavitom nad nagnukud

..ukretamamlA


v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

kadit ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS

naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem malad

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk

,atrakaygoY 1102 rebmeseD 50

siluneP



iv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY :amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini

amaN iratseL irpA atnisaY :

awsisahaM romoN 861431190 :

gnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhate naakatsuprep

:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU






.)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseB nakuhatirebmem ayas naikimeD

,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsuprep adapek

nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem

uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad

aidem ayas irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial

ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek itlayor nakirebmem nupuam

.silunep iagabes

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

:laggnat adaP ebmeseD 50 r 1102

nakataynem gnaY



iiv

KARTSBA

.1102 ,861431190 ,iratseL irpA atnisaY rajaleB isatserP natakgninePM nakanuggne gnatneT API narajaleP ataM malaD lautsketnoK natakedneP

macaM - riggniM upelK suisinaK DS III saleK awsiS adneB kareG macaM 2 retsemeS 1102 / 0102 narajaleP nuhaT . nakididneP idutS margorP ispirkS

lukaF rasaD halokeS uruG ,nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK sat satisrevinU.amrahD atanaS

nagned hakapa iuhategnem kutnu kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP API rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem tapad lautsketnok natakednep nakanuggnem

macam kokop iretam - salek awsis adneb kareg macam upelK suisinaK DS III.2 retsemeS

keybuS .awsis 92 irad iridret gnay III salek awsis irad libmaid naitilenep nakanuggnem I sulkis adap halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay naialineP

laos apureb gnay silutret set - .laos51 adnag nahilip laos halmuJ .adnag nahilip laosnaialinep II sulkis adaP ,kudorp ,ajrenik naialinep itupilem nakanugid gnay

ialinid gnay kepsa kudorp nad ajrenik naialineP .silutret set nad isatneserp malad amas ajrek ,naajregnep utkaw natapetek ,tala satilanoisarepo itupilem

ialineP .tala naiparek uata nahisrebek nad kopmolek gnay kepsa isatneserp na natapetek nad awsis irid naayacrepek ,kopmolek malad amas ajrek itupilem ialinid

laos apureb silutret naialineP .naaynatrep paites bawajnem malad - nahilip laosgnisam laos halmuj nagned adnag - gid gnay sisilana kinkeT .laos 51 gnisam nakanu

gnay ialin hurules naklupmugnem arac nagned utiay atad ijakgnem kutnuatar iracnem ,idaj ialin idajnem hatnem roks habugnem ,awsis helorepid - atar

.lawa isidnok adap naadaek nagned aynnakgnidnabmem naidumek

macam narajalebmep naitilenep lisaH - g macam nakanuggnem adneb kare nagned naksaumem tagnas gnay lisah iapacnem tapad lautsketnok natakednep set sisilana lisaH .46 utiay halokes helo nakutnetid hadus gnay MKK lisah tahilem

atar ialin lawa isidnok rihka - )%06( awsis 71 tapadiD .95 iapacnem salek atarb lisaH .MKK ialin iapacnem hadus )%04( awsis 21 nad MKK iapacnem mule

atar ialin I sulkis rihka set sisilana - naitilenep tegrat nagned 86 iapacnem salek atar hadus )%57( awsis 22 nad MKK iapacnem muleb )%52( awsis 7 tapadiD .46

sisilana lisaH .MKK iapacnem atar ialin II sulkis rihka set - 97 iapacnem salek atar 52 nad MKK iapacnem muleb )%41( awsis 4 tapadiD .07 naitilenep tegrat nagned

.MKK iapacnem hadus awsis )%68(

nakukalem awsis haletes awhab naklupmisid tapad sisilana lisah iraDd narajalebmep nataigek isatserp lautsketnok natakednep nakanuggnem nagne

.naksaumem gnay lisah helorepmem nagned takgninem tapad awsis rajaleb

macam ,rajaleb isatserp :icnuk ataK - b kareg macam natakednep nad,adnelautsketnok


iiiv

TCARTSBA

.1102 ,861431190 ,iratseL irpA atnisaY yduts fo tnemevorpmI ehT eht tuoba tcejbus ecneics ni hcaorppa lautxetnoc a hguorht tnemeveihca DS ni tneduts edarg driht retsemes dnoces no tnemevom s’tcejbo fo yteirav rehcaeT fo siseht ehT .raey loohcs 1102/0102 ,riggniM upelK suisinaK

melE rof gniniarT gniniart rehcaeT fo ytlucaF ,margorP ydutS loohcS yratne.ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS ,noitacude dna

nac hcaorppa lautxetnoc gnisu yb rehtehw tuo dnif ot demia hcraeser sihT fo yteirav eht si lairetam niam eht htiw yduts ecneics fo tnemeveihca eht esiar

ejbo suisinaK DS fo stneduts edarg driht retsemes dnoces eht yb tnemevom s’tc.upelK

ohw stneduts edarg driht eht morf nekat era hcraeser siht fo stcejbus ehT lanoitpo si hcihw tset nettirw a sesu hcraeser siht ni tnemssessa ehT .stneduts 92

tsrif no snoitseuq eht ,elcyc dnoces eht nO .snoitseuq 51 era erehT .elcyc ,tcudorp a fo ytilauq krow eht tuoba tnemssessa na fo sniatnoc tnemessessa eht ,tnemssessa tcudorp dna ytilauq krow eht nO .tset nettirw dna ,noitatneserp

nemurtsni eht no niatnoc stcepsa gnitaulave ,gnissecorp fo gnimit ,noitarepo s’t gnitaulave ehT .stnemurtsni eht fo ssenidit ro ssenilnaelc eht dna ,krowmaet

fles s’tneduts ,krowmaet eht era tnemessessa noitatneserp eht no stcepsa -sa nettirw ehT .snoitseuq yreve gnirewsna ni ycarucca dna ,ecnedifnoc si tnemsses

hcihw euqinhcet sisylana ehT .elcyc yreve ni snoitseuq 51 htiw snoitseuq lanoitpo eht gnignahc ,erocs s’tneduts eht fo lla gnitcelloc si atad eht enimaxe otdesu si

ht htiw gnirapmoc neht egareva eht rof gnikool ,erocs epir eht otni erocs epirnu e.noitidnoc gninnigeb

gnisu yb yduts tnemevom s’tcejbo fo yteirav eht fo tluser hcraeser ehT hcihw tluser MKK eht gnikool yb tluser deifsitas a esiar nac hcaorppa lautxetnoc

idnoc gninnigeb eht ta tluser tset lanif eht nO .46 loohcs eht yb dexif neeb sah ,noit t’nevah ohw )%06( stneduts 71 era erehT .95 sehcaer erocs egareva ssalc eht eht dehcaer evah ohw )%04( stneduts 21 era ereht dna erocs MKK eht dehcaer ssalc eht ,elcyc tsrif eht ta tset lanif eht fo tluser sisylana eht nO .erocs MKK

aer erocs egareva )%52( stneduts 7 era erehT .46 si hcraeser tegrat eht htiw 76 sehc evah ohw )%57( stneduts 22 era ereht dna erocs MKK eht dehcaer t’nevah ohw ,elcyc tsrif eht ta tset lanif eht fo tluser sisylana eht nO .erocs MKK eht dehcaer

ehcaer erocs egareva ssalc eht 4 era erehT .07 si hcraeser tegrat eht htiw 97 s stneduts 52 era ereht dna erocs MKK eht dehcaer t’nevah ohw )%41( stneduts

.erocs MKK eht dehcaer evah ohw )%68( eht enod evah stneduts rehtfa taht dedulcnoc eb nac sisylana eht no desaB

yb ytivitca yduts stneduts eht fo tnemeveihca yduts eht ,hcaorppa lautxetnoc gnisu.tluser deifsitas deifsitas a gnitteg yb esiar nac

drowyeK s : macam ,rajaleb isatserp - b kareg macam natakednep nad,adnelautsketnok


xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK

nahuT adapek naktajnap silunep rukuys ijuP halet gnay ,asE ahaM gnaY

nusuynem tapad aggnihes ,silunep adapek ayNainurak nad tamhar nakhapmilem

’’ luduj nagned ispirkS rajaleB isatserP natakgnineP nakanuggneM natakedneP

macaM gnatneT API narajaleP ataM malaD lautsketnoK - adneB kareG macaM

aleK awsiS 2 retsemeS riggniM upelK suisinaK DS III s / 0102 narajaleP nuhaT

1102 .’’

nad natabmah nakumenem kaynab silunep ,ini ispirkS nanusuyneP malaD

tapad silunep kahip aumes nagnibmib nad nautnab takreb numan ,natilusek

.kiab nagned aynnakiaseleynem nigni silunep ini natapmesek adap ,uti kutnU

: adapek hisak amiret nakiapmaynem

.1 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,PIKF nakeD ukales .D.hP ,idnahoR kapaB

.2 nakididneP idutS margorP auteK ukales .iS .M ,omonruP ijuP .srD kapaB

norodnem ulales gnay rasaD halokeS uruG awsisaham isavitomem nad g

ispirks nakiaseleynem kutnu DSGP

.3 gnibmibmeP nesod ukales .iS .M ,omonruP ijuP .srD kapaB I nad .J

idemuS nesod ukales II gnibmibmeP itnaggnep rabas nagned gnay ,

ayas nakharagnem ulales atres isavitom ,nagnibmib nakirebmem amales

.ispirks nakiaseleynem

.4 uruG nakididneP idutS margorP tairaterkes fats hurules nad nesod araP

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU rasaD halokeS


x

.5 lokes alapek ukales .dP .S apatuS akE ecnaY.A kapaB upelK suisinaK DS ha

nad nizi nakirebmem halet gnay natapmesek nakukalem kutnu ayas adapek

.naitilenep

.6 upelk suisinaK DS III salek urug ukales aM.A ,itnatsiR akI anailuY ubI

naitilenep nakukalem kutnu ayas adap natapmesek nakirebmem gnay

.7 upelK suisinaK DS raseb agrauleK III salek amaturet aidesreb halet gnay

utnabmem .naitilenep nakukalem amales silunep

.8 aiserehT adnubI ,oyojiwowruP senahoY adnahayA ,ayas agrauleK

. ayas adap tagnames irebmem nad nakaodnem ulales gnay hanitramuS

.9 kaK kakak nad ukka .nahasusek malad uka utnabmem ulales gnay ukrapi

.01 anoB ,otiV “ uknakanopeK uka taubmem ulales ”legnA nad ,atirP ,

adnac nagned muynesret - umadnac

.11 araduaS nad keneN - nakirebmem nad nakaodnem ulales gnay ukaraduas

.aynnagnukud

.21 ,nagnukud sata hisakamiret okotnarpuS subokaY gnayasuk gnay gnaroeseS

mem nad uknaktagnignem ulales gnay nad .ukisavito

.31 nameT - aynsusuhk rasaD halokes uruG nakididneP idutS margorP id namet

ukadap tagnames irebmem ulales gnay eros 1S natakgna

.41 tabahaS - ukgnukudnem ulales nad ukinamenem aites patet gnay uktabahas

.ispirks nakiaseleynem malad

.51 em halet gnay kahip aumeS ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad silunep utnabm

utas naktubes silunep tapad kadit gnay - .utasrep


ix

kaynab hisam iradaynem silunep ini ispirks nanusuynep malad iD

nugnabmem gnay naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem silunep aggnihes ,nagnarukek

spirks naanrupmesek imed .itah gnanes nagned amirenem naka silunep ,ini i

igab taafnamreb tapad ini ispirks nasilunep agomes nakparahgnem siluneP

acabmep

atrakaygoY rebmeseD 50 , 1102

siluneP



iix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ........................... i

NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH GNIBMIBMEP ................................ ................. ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ............. iii

NAHABMESREP OTTOM NAMALAH ................................ .......................... vi

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ ............................. v

SREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTE iv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... iiv

KCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... iiiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ....................... xi

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... iix

RATFAD LEBAT ................................ ................................ .............................. xiv

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ ...................... vx

...............................................................RABMAG RATFAD ....................... ... ivx

I BAB NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL ................................ ................................ 1

.B halasaM nasatabmeP ................................ ................................ ..... 2

.C halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ ........ 2

.D halasaM nahacemeP ................................ ................................ ...... 3

.E naitregneP nasataB ................................ ................................ ........ 4

.F naitileneP naujuT ................................ ................................ .......... 4

.G naitileneP taafnaM ................................ ................................ ........ 4

II BAB AKATSUP NAIJAK

.A rajaleB isatserP ................................ ................................ .............. 6


iiix

.B kitameT natakedneP ................................ ................................ ...... 51

.C lautsketnoK natakedneP ................................ ................................ 61

.D API takikaH ................................ ................................ .................. 32

.E adneB kareG ................................ ................................ .................. 92

.F ..........................................................................rikifreB akgnareK 73

.G sisetopiH .........................................nakadniT ........................... .... 83

III BAB NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP sinreJ ................................ ................................ ........... 39

.B naitileneP gnitteS ........................................................................... 14

.C naitileneP rudesorP ................................ ................................ ........ 24

.D mugneP aynnemurtsnI nad ataD nalup ................................ .......... 94

.E ataD sisilanA ................................ ................................ ................. 55

VI BAB NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH

.A naitileneP lisaH ................................ ................................ ............ 85

.B nasahabmeP ................................ ................................ .................. 76

V BAB PUTUNEP

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ................... 47

.B naraS ................................ ................................ .............................. 57

AKATSUP RATFAD

.A ) ayniagabes nad halakaM ,ukuB ( haksaN ................................ ... 77

.B hudnU tenretnI ................................ ................................ .............. 87

NARIPMAL


vix

LEBAT RATFAD

1 lebaT naitileneP naanaskaleP utkaW ................................ ............................ 14

2 lebaT eP ,ataD ,nahabU nemurtsnI nad atad nalupmugn .............................. 49

3 lebaT isiK - I sulkiS isaulavE laoS isik ................................ ......................... 05

lebaT 4 I sulkiS laoS naroksneP ................................ ................................ ...... 15

5 lebaT isiK - laoS isik II sulkiS isaulavE ................................ ......................... 25

lebaT 6 II sulkiS laoS naroksneP ................................ ................................ ..... 45

7 lebaT II sulkis nad I sulkis lawa isidnok nad rotakidni ,habueP .................. 65

8 lebaT iapacret gnay nalisahrebek rotacidni lisaH ................................ ......... 65

lebaT 9 lawA isidnoK ataD ................................ ................................ ............. 06

lebaT 01 ialiN isaulavE lisaH I sulkiS ................................ ............................... 16

1 lebaT 1 sulkiS nad lawA isidnoK ialiN nagnidnabreP ................................ .... 26

1 lebaT 2 lisaH ialiN II sulkiS isaulavE ................................ ............................. 56

1 lebaT 3 II sulkiS nad I sulkiS ,lawA isidnoK ialiN nagnidnabreP ataD ......... 76

1 lebaT 4 sulkis nad I sulkis isaulave ialiN II ................................ .................... 67

baT 1 le 5 lisaH nalisahrebeK rotakidnI iapacreT ................................ ............... 27


vx

RATFAD NARIPMAL

subaliS 1 naripmaL ................................ ................................ .................. 79

2 naripmaL 1 naumetreP I sulkiS PPR ................................ ..................... 48

aripmaL 2 naumetreP I sulkiS PPR 3 n ................................ ...................... 19

naripmaL 1 naumetreP II sulkiS PPR 4 ................................ ................... 59

naripmaL 2 naumetreP II sulkiS PPR 5 ................................ .................... 101

6 naripmaL 1 naumetreP I sulkS SKL ................................ ..................... 301

aripmaL 2 naumetreP I sulkS SKL 7 n ................................ ...................... 901

II sulkS SKL 8 naripmaL 1 naumetreP ................................ ..................... 411

naripmaL 2 naumetreP II sulkS SKL 9 ................................ ..................... 021

aripmaL I sulkiS isaulavE laoS 01 n ................................ .......................... 221

naripmaL E laoS 11 II sulkiS isaulav ................................ ......................... 621

waJ 21 naripmaL II sulkiS nad I sulkiS naba ................................ ............. 031

eK lisaH 31 naripmaL 1 naumetreP I sulkiS kopmol ................................ 131

1 naripmaL 4 awsiS isaulavE lisaH 2 naumetreP I sulkiS ......................... 531

1 naripmaL 5 leK lisaH 1 naumetreP II sulkiS kopmo ............................... 31 7

1 naripmaL 6 lisaH awsiS isaulavE 2 naumetreP II sulkiS ......................... 241

71 naripmaL jI taruS itileneP ni DSU PIKF irad na ................................ ... 441

1 naripmaL 8 naitilenep nakukalem halet nagnareteK taruS .................... 541

1 naripmaL 9 rajaleB nataigeK otoF ................................ ......................... 641


ivx

RABMAG RATFAD

1 rabmaG riA ricniK ................................ ................................ ........................ 03

2 rabmaG adoR ratuP kareG ................................ ................................ ............ 13

3 rabmaG hadner tapmetek iggnit tapmet rilagneM aloB ................................ . 13

4 rabmaG gnidnileggneM aloB ................................ ................................ ......... 23

5 rabmaG mareJ murA ................................ ................................ ...................... 33

6 rabmaG nohop irad hutaj nohoP ................................ ................................ .... 43

7 rabmaG teksaB neaM ................................ ................................ ..................... 43

8 rabmaG aloB nagniR tareB ................................ ................................ ............ 53

9 rabmaG satreK nagniR tareB ................................ ................................ ......... 63

01 rabmaG rasaK nad sulaH aloB ................................ ................................ ....... 63

11 rabmaG liboM ................................ ................................ ............................... 73

21 rabmaG m KTP sulkiS eK ledo m T .cM nad sim a tragg ................................ .. 93


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

.awsis arap agnilet id igal gnisa kadit aynutnet gnay atak utaus ,kareG

adap ipateT .aisunam amaturet ,karegreb itsap pudih kulhkam taas paiteS

gnay ajas pudih kulhkam aynah kadit ataynret aynnaataynek ,karegreb tapad

adneb - tapad aguj ataynret pudih nagnukgnil ratikes id ada gnay itam adneb

rotkaf ada anerak karegreb - adneb adap kareG .aynihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf -

adneb naruku nad kutneb helo ihuragnepid aynutas halas tubesret itam adneb

iretaM .tubesret halas nakapurem mala nauhategnep umli malad adneb kareg

.akisif utiay API gnabac malad ada gnay narajalebmep iretam utas

naruku nad kutneb helo ihuragnepid adneb kareg iretam malaD

imalagnem hisam 2 retsemes upelK suisinaK DS III salek awsis nakaynabek

sek naka ini laH .tubesret iretam irajalepmem nad imahamem malad natilu

atar ialin awhab itkubret awsis rajaleb isaterp adap kurub kapmadreb tagnas -

iapacnem muleb aynutnet tubesret ialiN .95 iapacnem aynah aynatar

tek ,MKK iapacnem gnay awsis halmuj esatnesrep iapacnem gnay nasatnu

nakbabesid tapad ini naadaeK .46 utiay )MKK( laminiM nasatnuteK airetirK

gnay edotem anerak nikgnum uata rajaleb salam awsis nikgnum anerak

ini lah aggnihes ,awsis igab kiranem gnaruk urug nakanugrepid

aleb isatserp lisah ihuragnepmem .awsis raj

1


2

,uti babes helO raga tapad naktakgninem awsis rajaleb isatserp III salek

upelK suisinaK DS gnatnet API narajalep atam malad macam - kareg macam

adneb .nakgnaneynem gnay edotem utaus nakulrepid naD nakparahid nagned

,tubesret edotem m tapad lamitpo araces awsis natabilretek adap naknakene

nakumenem nad iracnem malad ,atkaf pesnok pisnirp nad mukuh gnatnet

iretam naanaskalep malad kejbus iagabes fitka narepreb awsis aggnihes

.narajalebmep tubesret lah iapacret ayapuS , nakanuggnem silunep edneP natak

lautsketnoK API narajalep atam adap iretam gnatnet macam - kareg macam

adneb nad kiab nagned nalajreb tapad nakparahid aynnaanaskalep gnay

isatserp takgninem tapad awsis rajaleb .

.B halasaM nasatabmeP

malad aggnihes ,saul pukuc gnay napukac ikilimem kareg iretaM

rasad isnetepmok adap isatabid naka aynah halasam ini naitilenep

nad kutneb helo ihuragnepid adneb kareg awhab natamagnep naklupmiynem“

K suisinaK DS awsis lautsketnok natakedneP iulalem ”naruku III saleK upel

.1102/0102 narajalep nuhat 2 retsemeS

.C halasaM nasumuR

ini naitilenep malad halasam ,halasam gnakaleb ratal helo isadnaliD

: tukireb iagabes naksumurid naka

tapad lautsketnoK natakedneP nakanuggnem nagned narajalebmep hakapA“

macam iretam malad API rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem - adneb kareg macam


3

narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemeS upelK suisinaK DS III salek awsis adap

”?1102/0102

.D naitregneP nasataB

a duskam nagneD risfat itlum nad naaynatrep naklubminem kadit rag

halitsi ianegnem - naksalejid naka akam ,ini naitilenep malad icnuk halitsi

:ini hawab id itrepes

.1 gnay rajaleb sativitka utaus irad rajaleb lisah halada rajaleb isatserP

p nad narukugnep nakrasadreb nakukalid nataigek lisah padahret naialine

akgna apureb nakdujuwid gnay kimedaka gnadib malad rajaleb - akgna

.nairah nagnalu

.2 nakapurem lautsketnoK natakedneP urug utnabmem gnay rajaleb pesnok

awsis atayn ainud isautis nagned nakrajaid gnay iretam aratna naktiagnem

ad gnay nauhategnep aratna nagnubuh taubmem awsis gnorodnem n

iagabes akerem napudihek malad aynnaparenep nagned aynikilimid

.takaraysam nad agraulek atoggna

.3 kutnu mala umli irajalepmem gnay narajalep atam haubes halada API

T naurugreP nad ,AMS ,PMS ,DS awsis naurugreP nad AMS id( iggni

araces gnay salek nasurujnep utas halas iagabes lanekid hibel iggniT

umli sahabmem kutnu susuhk - .)atkaske umli

.4 adneb utaus adap nakududek tapmet nahaburep utaus halada adneb kareG

.lawa nagnabmiesek kitit irad


4

.E halasaM nahacemeP

aynhadner halasam ,gnakaleb ratal malad nakiaruid halet gnay itrepeS

adneb kareg iretam malad upelK suisinaK DS III salek awsis rajaleb isatserp

natakednep nagned isataid naka naruku nad kutneb helo ihuragnepid

nakparahid ini edotem nagneD .lautsketnok hadum hibel tapad awsis

naktakgninem tapad aggnihes ,aynnauhategnep nugnabmem nad imahamem

.aynrajaleb isatserp

.F naitileneP naujuT

: naujut iaynupmem silunep naitilenep malaD

.1 tapad lautsketnoK natakedneP nagned hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

isatserp naktakgninem atar ialin irad tahilid gnay awsis rajaleb - malad atar

macaM iretam - upelK suisinaK DS III salek awsis adneB kareG macam

.1102/0102 narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemeS

.2 tapad lautsketnok natakedneP nagned hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

nay awsis rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem halmuj esatnesrep irad tahilid g

2 retsemeS upelK suisinak DS III salek awsis MKK iapacnem gnay awsis

.1102/0102 narajaleP nuhaT

.G naitileneP taafnaM

.1 iridnes irid igaB

.a halasam utaus nakhacemem malad silunep namalagnep habmaneM

takgninem nagned natiakreb gnay .awsis rajaleb isatserp nak

.b gnay lautsketnoK natakedneP gnatnet silunep nasawaw habmaneM

malad API iretam naiapmaynep kutnu nakanugid tapad


5

macam isakifitnedignem - ,gnidnileggnem ,lutnap( adneb kareg macam

.)ratup ,hutaj ,rilagnem

.2 urug igaB

halas iagabeS utnetret iretam nakrajagnem kutnu isnerefer uata hotnoc utas

nad ,nial narajalep atam ,nial kokop iretam kutnu nakgnabmekid tapad nad

.nial salek id

.3 halokes naakatsuprep igaB

namet kutnu naacab utas habmanem tapaD - hotnoc iagabes urug namet

adnit naitilenep .salek nak

.4 awsis igaB

upelK suisinaK DS III salek awsis igab namalagnep irebmem kutnU

macam isakifitnedignem gnatnet susuhk - . adneb kareg macam

.5 DSGP idorP igaB

nial awsisaham igab rotavitom iagabes ini naitilenep lisah irad nakparahiD

nakgnabmegnem kutnu aynitnan aggnihes ,igal saul hibel gnay naitilenep

rasaD halokeS id narajalebmep nagnabmekrep igab taafnamreb tapad

.aynmumu


6

II BAB

AKATSUP NAIJAK

.A rajaleB isatserP

.1 isatserP naitregneP

isatserp tapadnepreb )867:2002( atnimradawreoP halet gnay lisah“ halada

uti aratnemeS .”ayniagabes nad ,nakajrekid ,nakukalid uata iapacid

nakapurem isatserp )521:4002( otnimradowruP lekniW .S.J.W turunem

iapacid tapad gnay utauses nakitraid tapad aguj isatserP .iapacid gnay lisah

asahaB raseB sumaK( tubesret isinifed agitek nakrasadreB .)aisenodnI

gnaroeses iapacid tapad gnay lisah halada isatserp naklupmiynem silunep

.naajrekep sinej alages malad

.2 rajaleB naitregneP

rajaleb saul itra malaD .tipmes nad saul araces nakitraid tapad rajaleB

okisp nataigek iagabes nakitraid tapad - nagnabmekrep ek ujunem kisif

iagabes nakitraid rajaleb tipmes itra malad nakgnades aynhutues idabirp

nay nauhategnep umli iretam naasaugnep ahasu naigabes nakapurem g

.aynhutues naidabirpek aynkutnebret ujunem nataigek

.3 rajaleB isatserP naitregneP

gnay nalipmartek uata nauhategnep naasaugnep halada rajaleb isatserP

set ialin nagned nakkujnutid aynmizal ,narajalep atam helo nakgnabmekid

akgna uata ;aisenodnI asahab raseb sumaK( urug helo nakirebid gnay ialin

.)007

6


7

irad nauhategnep naasaugnep halada )051:5991 onoyluM( rajaleb isatserP

narajalep - narajalep iasaugnem naupmamek uata amiretid gnay narajalep

naktiakid ulales gnay urug helo nakirebid gnay rajaleb lisah set nagned

iagabes nakitraid tapad aguj rajaleb isatserp halitsI .isatserp set uata farat

tapad gnay kimedaka nauhategnep tapadnem kidid atresep anamid iapmas

.tset ruku tala nagned rukuid

ajaleb isatserp awhab nakakumegnem )622:6991( lekniW nakapurem r

isatserp akaM .gnaroeses helo iapacid halet gnay nalisahrebek itkub

haletes gnaroeses helo iapacid gnay mumiskam lisah nakapurem rajaleb

ahasu nakanaskalem - .rajaleb ahasu

awhab nakakumegnem )77 : 3991( osranuG firA turunem nakgnadeS

isatserp haletes gnaroeses helo iapacid gnay lamiskam ahasu halada rajaleb

ahasu nakanaskalem - .rajaleb ahasu

.4 rotkaF - .rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

rotkaf ,labolg araceS .rotkaf kaynab helo nakutnetid rajaleb isatserP - rotkaf

sis rajaleb ihuragnepmem gnay .macam 2 idajnem nakadeb atik tapad aw

.a lanretni rotkaF

,kepsa 2 itupilem iridnes uti udividni malad irad lasareb gnay rotkaF

.sigolokisp kepsa nad sigoloisif kepsa utiay

)1 sigoloisiF kepsA

.hainamsaj tafisreb gnay kepsa nakapurem awsis sigoloisif kepsA

isidnok nad awsis hubut mumu isidnok irad tahilid tapad ini laH

nagro - aynlasim awsis hubut mumu isidnoK .awsis susuhk nagro


8

naknurunem tapad gnisup iatresid hamel gnay hubut naadaek

r satilauk aynirajalepid gnay iretam aggnihes )fitingok( atpic hana

awsiS .sakebreb kadit nakhab uata itregnemid gnaruk idajnem

gnay namunim nad nanakam ismusnokgnem kutnu nakrujnaid

lawdajret gnay nagnir agarhalo atres taharitsi alop hilimem ,izigreb

ad patet araces .nagnubmanisekreb n

nagro isidnoK - natahesek takgnit itrepes ,awsis susuhk nagro

pareynem malad awsis ihuragnepmem aguj atam nad agnilet

gnay uruG .salek id aynsusuhk ,nauhategnep nad isamrofni

kutnu halokes kahip nagned amas ajrekeb aynsurahes lanoiseforp

sanid irad )kidoirep( nitur naaskiremep nautnab helorepmem - sanid

isatagnem kutnu nakukalid ini laH .tapmetes natahesek

nial taiK .awsis atam nad agnilet halasam aynlubmit nanikgnumek

id akerem naktapmenem nagned halada nakanugid tapad gnay

napedret natered .

)2 sigolokisP kepsA

araces awsis rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf kaynaB

.)hainahor( sigolokisp

rotkaF - .tukireb iagabes halada laisnese hibel gnadnapid gnay rotkaf

)a awsiS isnegeletnI

okisp naupmamek nakapurem isnegeletni aynmumu adaP - kisif

em kutnu nagned irid nakiauseynem uata nagnasgnar iskaer

awsis )QI( isnegeletnI .tapet gnay arac nagned nagnukgnil


9

iggnit nikameS .awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek nakutnenem tagnas

ayngnaulep raseb nikames akam awsis isnegeletni naupmamek

aynkilabeS .seskus hiarem kutnu naupmamek hadner nikames ,

malad ayngnaulep alup kicek nikames akam awsis isnegeletni

.naseskusek hiarem

adebreb uti awsis isnegeletni naupmameK - malaD .adeb

07 QI( lamron gnay awsis satiroyam - gnay awsis alup ada ,)031

gnologret dlihc detfig uata detnelat dlihc tagnas kana inkay

gnay kana nad ,)031 sata id QI( takabreb nad sadrec

atar hawab id aynnasadrecek - gnay uruG .)07 hawab id QI( atar

naasaibraulek awhab iradaynem aynsatnapes lanoiseforp

tapad fitagen gnay nupuam fitisop gnay kiab ,awsis isnegeletni

em awsiS .natukgnasreb gnay awsis rajaleb natilusek naklubmin

nagned isatsurf nad nasob asarem naka sadrec tagnas gnay

nad hadum ulalret anerak aynamiretid gnay narajalep

.lida araces ihunepid tapad kadit aynnauhatnigniek nahutubek

ob gnay awsis ,nial isis iD nahayapek asarem naka ilakes hod

.rakus ulalret anerak narajalep itukignem malad naketret nad

tagnas gnay awsiS .urug helo isataid tapad sata id aladneK

aynsalek takgnit nakkianem nagned gnolotid tapad sadrec

akes aynsalek adapirad iggnit hibel takgnites uti lah akiJ .gnar

takgnites nakkianid aynkiabes akam aynigab hadum ulalret

nial fitanretla adA .aynsuretes utigeb nad igal iggnit hibel


01

arac nagned utiay ,hupmetid tilus tubesret arac alibapa

nakididnep agabmel adapek tubesret awsis nakhareynem

tnu susuhk kutnu ,uti aratnemeS .takabreb awsis arap ku

kadit ,lamron hawab id aynnasadrecek gnay awsis gnolonem

hibel gnay salek ek naknurunem nagned nakukalid tapad

naklubminem tapad ini itrepes salek nanurunep araC .hadner

okisp tafisreb gnay urab halasam - y laisos aynah kadit gna

namet uggnaggnem aguj ipatet ,ajas aynirid uggnaggnem -

nagned halada anaskajib gnadnapid gnay laH .aynurab namat

kutnu susuhk nakididnep agabmel ek akerem nakhadnimem

kana - .lamron hawab id isnegeletnireb kana

)b awsiS pakiS

alajeg halada pakiS apureb fitkefa isnemidreb gnay lanretni

arac nagned nopserem uata iskaerem kutnu nagnurednecek

,ayniagabes nad ,gnarab ,gnaro kejbo padahret patet fitaler gnay

padahret awsis fitisop pakiS .fitagen nupuam fitisop araces kiab

d gnay narajalep artam nad urug adnatrep nakapurem nakijasi

ipatet nakA .tubesret awsis rajaleb sesorp igab kiab gnay lawa

gnay narajalep atam nad urug padahret awsis fitagen pakis

naka akam naicnebek nagned iatresid nakhab ,nakijasid

nupuata tubesret awsis rajaleb natilusek naklubminem isatserp

.naksaumem gnaruk naka iapacid gnay


11

fitisop pakis nakkujnunem uluhad hibel kutnu tutnutid uruG

.ayngnagepid gnay narajalep atam padahret nad aynirid adap

iatnicnem nad iagrahgnem asaitnanes kutnu nakrujnaid uruG

isapisitnagnem kutnu nakukalid ini laH .ayniseforp

sis fitagen pakis nanikgnumek kadit naikimed gnay uruG .aw

ahab iasugnem aynah - gnadib malad tapadret gnay nahab

taafnam naka awsis naknikayem upmam aguj ipatet ,ayniduts

hutub naasareP .aynnakhutubmem naka awsis ,uti iduts gnadib

b padahret fitisop pakis naklubminem naka nakparahid ini gnadi

.aynrajagnem gnay urug padahret sugilakes tubesret iduts

)c awsiS takaB

gnay laisnetop naupmamek halada takab ,mumu araceS

asam adap nalisahrebek iapacnem kutnu gnaroeses ikilimid

malad takab iaynupmem itsap gnaro paiteS .gnatad naka gnay

netopreb itra takgnit ek iapmas isatserp iapacnem kutnu is

gnisam satisapak nagned iauses utnetret - malaD .gnisam

naupmamek iagabes nakitraid takab ,ayntujnales nagnabmekrep

adap gnutnagreb apnat utnetret sagut nakukalem kutnu udividni

lasiM .nahital nad nakididnep ayapu gnay awsis gnaroes ayn

,isamrofni pareynem hadum hibel huaj naka kisum takabreb

nagned nagnubuhreb gnay nalipmaretek nad ,nauhategnep

halinI .aynnial awsis nagned nakgnidnabid tubesret gnadib

.susuhk takab tubesid gnay


21

iggnit ihuragnepmem tapad naka takaB isatserp aynhadner

gnadib rajaleb - aut gnaro naaskameP .utnetret iduts gnadib

utnetret nailhaek nasuruj adap aynkana nakhalokeynem kutnu

nad aynkana takab uluhad hibel iuhategnem apnat

ai aggnihes iridnes ayntakab padahret awsis naradaskaditek

suruj hilimem naka ,ayntakab nakub gnay utnetret nailhaek na

isatserp uata kimedaka ajrenik padahret kurub huragnepreb

.aynrajaleb

)d awsiS taniM

nanigniek uata nahariagek nad nagnurednecek irareb taniM

ihuragnepmem tapad taniM .utauses padahret raseb gnay

apacnep satilauk gnadib malad awsis rajaleb lisah nai - gnadib

tanim huranem gnay awsis gnaroes ,aynlasiM .utnetret iduts

naktasumem kaynab hibel naka akitametam padahret raseb

naknikgnumem uti laH .aynnial awsis adapirad aynnaitahrep

em aynrihka nad rajaleb taig hibel awsis gnay isatserp iapacn

awsis tanim naktikgnabmem aynsurahes uruG .naknigniid

gnatnet kiab uluhad hibelret fitisop pakis nugnabmem nagned

.nakijasid nay narajalep atam nupuam aynirid

)e awsiS isavitoM

aisunam kiab emsinagro lanretni naadaek halada isavitoM

puata .utauses taubreb kutnu ayngnorodnem gnay naweh nu

nakadebid tapad isavitom ayntujnales nagnabmekrep malaD


31

isavitom nad kisnirtni isavitom utiay ,macam aud idajnem

gnay naadaek nad lah halada kisnirtni isavitoM .kisnirtske

dnes awsis irid malad irad lasareb ayngnorodnem tapad gnay iri

ignaneynem naasarep aynlasim ,rajaleb nakadnit nakulem

aynlasim ,tubesret iretam padahret aynnahutubek nad iretam

.natukgnasreb gnay awsis naped asam napudihek kutnu

gnay naadaek nad lah halada kisnirtske isavitom nupadA

gnatad kutnu ayngnorodnem aguj gnay awsis irid raul irad

,haidah nad naijup aynlasim ,rajaleb nataigek nakukalem

.urug nad autgnaro nadalet irus ,halokes bitret atat /narutarep

naka lanretske nupuam lanretni kiab isavitom nagnarukeK

sreb gnaruk awsis nakbabeynem irajalepmem malad tagname

iretam - .hamur id nupuam halokes id kiab narajalep iretam

nad inrum hibel anerak nakifingis hibel kisnirtni isavitoM

huragnep uata nagnorod adap gnutnagreb kadit atres gneggnal

ad isatserp iapacnem nagnorod ,ayntujnaleS .nial gnaro n

asam kutnu nalipmaretek nad nauhategnep ikilimem nagnorod

gneggnal hibel fitaler nad tauk huragnep irebmem aguj naped

.haidah adapirad

.b nretskE rotkaF

laisos nagnukgnil rotkaf :utiay macam aud irad iridret nretske rotkaF

nagnukgnil rotkaf nad .laisosnon


41

)1 laisoS nagnukgniL

,halokes ,agraulek inkay ,macam agit ada awsis laisos nagnukgniL

kaynab hibel agraulek nagnukgnil malad naadaeK .takaraysam nad

tafiS .rajaleb nataigek ihuragnepmem - kitkarp ,aut gnaro tafis

ulek nagnagetek ,agraulek naalolegnep nad ,agraulek agra

irebmem tapad aynaumes ,)hamur katel( agraulek ifargomed

lisah nad rajaleb nataigek padahret kurub nupuata kiab kapmad

.awsis helorepid gnay rajaleb

nad ,isartsinimda fats arap ,urug arap itrepes halokes nagnukgniL

namet - d salekes namet .awsis rajaleb tagnames ihuragnepmem tapa

kitapmis ukalirep nad pakis nakkujnunem ulales gnay urug araP

malad aynsusuhk nijar nad kiab gnay nadalet naktahilrepmem nad

tapad ,isuksidreb uata acabmem nijar nagned aynlasim ,rajaleb lah

nay gnorod ayad idajnem .awsis rajaleb nataigek igab fitisop g

nad takaraysam nagnukgnil halada agitek gnay laisos nagnukgniL

namet aguj aggnatet - laggnit tapmet ratikes id naniamrepes namet

naka kurub gnay takaraysam nagnukgnil isidnoK .awsis

isidnok ,aynlasiM .awsis rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepemem

umuk gnay nagnukgnil kana nad nagnarukek abres nad h - kana

gnilaP .awsis rajaleb sativitka ihuragnepmem naka ruggnagnep

surah akitek natilusek nakumenem naka tubesret awsis kadit

tala majnimem uata rajaleb namet iracnem - utnetret rajaleb tala


51

aH .aynikilimid muleb nalutebek gnay tapad ajas utnet ini l

.awsis rajaleb lisah ihuragnepmem

)2 noN nagnukgniL laisos

rotkaF - gnudeg halai laisosnon nagnukgnil kusamret gnay rotkaf

nad awsis agraulek laggnit tapmet hamur ,aynkatel nad halokes

tala ,aynkatel - utkaw nad ,acauc naadaek ,rajaleb tala gnay rajaleb

rotkaF .awsis nakanugid - nakutnenem turut gnadnapid ini rotkaf

.awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek takgnit

atres nakatnareb nad tipmes gnay hamur ,hotnoc iagabeS

mumu anaras ikilimem kadit nad tadap ulalret gnay nagnupmakrep

pes( ajamer nataigek kutnu gnorodnem naka )teksab nagnapal itre

tapmet ek narailekreb kutnu awsis - kadit aynranebes gnay tapmet

uti itrepes nagnupmakrep nad hamur isidnoK .ignujnukid satnap

.awsis rajaleb nataigek padahret kurub huragnepreb salej

.B kitameT natakedneP

kitamet natakedneP utaus nakapurem udapret natakednep uata natakednep

naiakgnares nakudaputaynem gnay narajalebmep ,rajaleb namalagnep

utas aratna nagnubuhreb gnilas idajret aggnihes aynnial gnay nagned

.)1:moc.gnoovhs.di malad ,ayrusaniF(

malaD arajalebmep naaraggneleynep natakednep nakanuggnem nagned n

malad sketnok iagabreb nakanuggnem aynnarajalebmep ,kitamet napudihek

irahes - irad libmaid tapad iridnes uti sketnoK .kana irah ,awitsirep ,adneb

adap kana imalaid gnay naadaek uata namalagnep irahes napudihek - .irah


61

nahilimeP tapad nakparahid iridnes ini sketnok kutnu urug naknikgnumem

gnay narajalebmep utaus nakgnabmegnem gnay udapret nad ,hutu ,ankamreb

narajalep aratna naktiagnem tapad .nial gnay narajalep nagned utas gnay

natakednep ,uti nialeS m hibel kitamet narajalebmep adap naknakene

pesnok naparenep ( utauses nakukalem libmas rajaleb )gniod yb gninrael .

adap ,kitamet natakednep nakanuggnem gnay narajalebmeP hibel aynmumu

gnay sketnok iagabreb nasahabmep nakamatugnem amaturet nakutnetid halet

rajaleb namalagnep kepsa nagneD .awsis kitamet narajalebmep ,naikimed

,nakgnaneynem ,tabahasreb idajnem .awsis igab ankamreb ipatet

.C lautsketnoK natakedneP

.1 naitregneP natakedneP lautsketsnoK

uata lautsketnoK natakedneP gninraeL dna gnihcaeT lautxetnoC ,)LTC(

m )52 :2002 ,nosnhoJ( urug utnabmem gnay rajaleb pesnok nakapure

awsis atayn ainud isautis nagned nakrajaid gnay iretam aratna naktiagnem

gnay nauhategnep aratna nagnubuh taubmem awsis gnorodnem nad

iagabes akerem napudihek malad aynnaparenep nagned aynikilimid

agraulek atoggna .takaraysam nad

.2 iriC - lautketsnoK natakedneP iric

iric ,drahcnalB turuneM - irad .nahamejret nagned iauses ( ,lautsketnok iric

yranoitsiD drow wen s’retsbeW :) 8691 ,

)a .halasam nahacemep ayngnitnep adap naknakeneM

)b malad nakukalid rajaleb nataigeK sketnok iagabreb


71

)c nakharaid nad uatnapid rajaleb nataigeK rajaleb tapad awsis raga

.iridnam

)d kopmolek malad aynnamet nagned rajaleb kutnu awsis gnorodneM

.iridnam araces uata

)e adebreb gnay awsis napudihek sketnok adap naknakenem narajaleP -

.adeb

)f kitneto naialinep nakanuggneM

.3 pisnirP - lautsketsnoK natakedeP rasaD pisnirp

itukignem akij halada lisahreb paggnaid gnay lautsketsnoK narajalebmeP

pisnirp - ,omonruP ijuP ( tukireb pisnirp ; )05:7002

.a halasaM sisabreB rajaleB melborP ( - )gninraeL desaB

.b ipatet isamrofni lafahgnem nupuata llird radekes halnakub rajaleB

kutnu sitirk rikipreb nad ada gnay isamrofni nakanuggnem anamiagab

sesorp ialumem mulebeS .atayn ainud id ada gnay nakahacemem

rajaleb - kutnu atnimid uluhad hibelret awsis ,salek malad id rajagnem

tatacnem kutnu atnimid awsis naidumek ,uluhad hibelret isavresbognem

halasamrep - halada urug sagut uti haleteS .lucnum gnay nahalasamrep

alasam malad sitirk rikipreb kutnu awsis gnasgnarem id ada gnay h

awsis nakragnednem nad nakharagnem halada urug saguT.atayn ainud

.aynatreb gnay

.c kitnetua narajagneP )noitcurtsnI citnehtuA(

nagned iynaynreb ,aynlasim ankamreb araces sketnok natakedneP


81

arac rajaleb ,gnanereb nagned gnanereb ,iynaynreb nagned laujnem

.laujnem

.d ( iriukni sisabreB rajaleB yriuqnI - )gninraeL desaB

uhat iracnem nad iridnes irid adap aynatreb sativitka iagabes rajaleB

.aynnabawaj iridnes

.e rutkurtsreT saguT/keyorP sisabreB rajaleB tcejorP ( - )gninraeL desaB

nu gnro utnabmem keyorP araces lah kaynab naktapadnem kut

latnem nahurulesek naktabilem gnay sativitka iulalem fisneherpmok

.laisos napakacek kusamret aredni ,farays ,kisif nad

.f ajreK sisabreB kroW ( - gninraeL desaB )

radekes nakub ,utauses imalagnem kutnu gnaulep irebmem ajreK

em .gnaroeses namalagnep ragnedn

.g nanayaL asaJ rajaleB )gninraeL ecivreS (

fitisop naasareP .rajaleb lisah nad sesorp nakutnenem tagnas isomE

ayacrep nagned rajaleB .rajaleb tapecrepmem rajaleb taas lubmit gnay

gnolonem /amas ajrekeb ,nakhutubid asarem ,irid barka nad nial gnaro

.lisah nakijnajnem hibel salek malad id nupuam raul id nataigek adap

.h amaS ajrekeB rajaleB )gninraeL evitarepooC(

nagned iskaretni iulalem kaynab hibel rajaleb naka gnaro aynasaiB

namet - amasreb rajaleb gnay raseb salek utaS .namet naklisahgnem naka

iridnes rajaleb udividni paites adapirad kiab hibel isatserp - iridnes

naka urtsuj idabirp aratna surenem suret gnay nagniasrep anerak

.rajaleb lisah iskuderem nad nakhalelem


91

.4 raliP - lautsketsnoK natakedneP malad ralip

lautsketnoK natakedneP nataigek raga nususid gnay ralip hujut ikilimem

kutnu )2:0002 ( sankidpeD turuneM .pudih hibel idajnem rajaleb

nenopmok haujut ikilimem )LTC( lautketnok natakednep ,aynnaparenep

emsivitkurtsnok utiay ,amatu msivitcurtsnoc( nakumenem ,) ,)yriuqnI(

aynatreb ( gninoitseuQ takaraysam ,) - ( rajaleb ytinummoC gninraeL ,)

naledomep gniledom( ( iskelfer ,) noitcelfer aynranebes gnay naialinep nad ,)

( citnehtuA .) :tukireb iagabes tubesret nenopmok hujut adA

.a ( emsivitkurtsnoK msivitcurtsnoc )

nasadnal nakapurem emsivitkurtnoK naknakenem gnay ,LTC rikipreb

nauhategnep tagnignem ,lafahgnem radekes aynah kadit rajaleb awhab

iridnes awsis anamid rajagnem rajaleb sesorp utaus nakapurem ipatet

helo isadnalid gnay ,aynnauhategnep nugnabem latnem araces fitka

gnay nauhategnep rutkurts .aynikilimid

.b ( nakumeneM yriuqnI )

narajalebmep nataigek irad itni naigab nakapurem nakumeneM

gnay nalipmaretek nad nauhategnep anerak ,lautsketnok sisabreb

atkaf takgnarepes tagnignem lisah nakub nakparahid awsis helorepid -

nakumenem irad lisah ipatet atkaf nakumenem nataigeK .iridnes

)yriuqni( isavresbo irad iridret gnay sulkis haubes nakapurem

noitavresbo( ( aynatreb ,) gninoitseuq naagud nakujagnem ,)

( sisetohpih ( atad nalupmugnep ,) gnirehtag atad nalupmiynep ,)

( noisulcnoc .)


02

.c ( aynatreB gninoitseuQ )

uhategneP .aynatreb irad ialumid ulales gnaroeses ikilimid gnay na

.lautsketnok sisabreb naajalebmep amatu igetarts nakapurem aynatreB

: kutnu anugreb aynatreb nataigeK

)1 ,isamrofni ilaggnem

)2 ,awsis namahamep ilaggnem

)3 ,awsis adapek nopser naktikgnabmem

)4 ,awsis nauhatnigniek anam huajes iuhategnem

)5 lah iuhategnem - ,awsis iuhatekid hadus gnay lah

)6 ,urug ikadnehekid gnay utauses adap naitahrep naksukofmem

kutnu ,awsis irad naaynatrep igal kaynab hibel naktikgnabmem )7

ilabmek nakrageynem .awsis nauhategnep

.d ( rajaleB takaraysaM ytinummoC gninraeL )

helorepid narajalebmep lisah naknaraynem rajaleb takaraysam pesnoK

irad helorepid rajaleb lisaH .nial gnaro irad amasajrek lisah irad

’gnirahs‘ ay ek uat gnay ratna nad ,kopmolek ratna ,namet ratna gn

,hara aud isakinumok ada alibapa idajet rajaleb takaraysaM .uat muleb

narajalebmep isakinumok malad tabilret gnay hibel uata kopmolek aud

.rajaleb gnilas

.e ( naledomeP gniledoM )

,nakrikipid gnay nakasahabmem aynrasad adap naledomeP

anamiagab isartsnomednem kutnu aynawsis naknignignem urug

aynawsis raga naknigni urug gnay apa nakukalem nad rajaleb

.nakukalem utas nakub urug ,lautsketnok narajalebmep malaD - aynutas


12

aguj nad awsis naktabilem, nagned gnacnarid tapad ledoM .ledom

.raul irad nakgnatadnem

.f iskelfeR ( )noitcelfeR

urab gnay apa gnatnet nopser uata rikipreb arac nakapurem iskelfeR

nakukalid hadus gnay apa gnatnet gnakalebek rikipreb uata irajalepid

utkaw nakasiynem urug ,narajalebmep malad aynisasilaeR .ulal asamid

y iskelfer nakukalem awsis raga kanejes naataynrep apureb gna

.uti irah helorepid gnay apa gnatnet gnusgnal

.g aynranebes gnay naialineP )tnemssessA citnehtuA (

asib gnay atad iagabreb nalupmugnep sesorp halada naialaineP

malaD .awsis rajaleb nagnabmekrep ianegnem narabmag irebmem

narajalebmep awsis rajaleb nagnabmekrep narabmag ,LTC sisabreb

imalagnem awsis awhab nakitsamem asib raga urug iuhatekid ulrep

naiaseleynep adap halada naialinep sukoF .raneb gnay narajalebmep

padahret nakukalid naialinep atres lautsketnok nad naveler gnay sagut

sesorp .lisah nupuam

.5 lautsketnoK natakedneP malaD gnitneP gnay rajaleB kutneB amiL

kutneb amil aynidajret naknikgnumem lautsketnok narajagnep malaD

( naktiagnem utiay ,gnitnep gnay rajaleb gnitaler imalagnem ,)

gnicneirepxe( ( nakparenem ,) ,)gniylppa amasajrekeb gnitarepooc( nad )

refsnartnem gnirrefsnart( .)


22

.a naktiagneM ( gnitaler )

.emsivitkurtsnok itni nakapurem nad tabeh gnilap gnay igetarts halada

urab pesnok naktiakgnem ai aitek ini igetarts nakanuggnem uruG

nagned idaJ .awsis lanekid hadus gnay utauses nagned ,naikimed

.urab isamrofni nagned awsis iuhatekid hadus gnay apa naktiagnem

.b imalagneM ( gnicneirepxe )

itrareb naktiagnem anamid lautsketnok rajaleb itni nakapurem

nupuam namalegnep nagned urab isamrofni nakgnubuhgnem

tapad rajaleB .aynmulebes iuhategnep awsis akitek tapec hibel idajret

kutneb nakukalem atres nahab nad natalarep isalupinamem tapad -

.fitka gnay naitilenep kutneb

.c nakpareneM ( gniylppa )

nataigek nakukalam ai akitek pesnok utaus nakparenem awsiS

awsis isavitomem tepad uruG .halasam nahacemep nagned

.naveler nad kitsilaer gnay nahital makirebmem

.d amasajreK ( gnitarepooC )

naujamek utnabmem kadit gnires udividni araces ajrekeb gnay awsiS

kopmolek araces ajrekeb gnay awsis ,aynkilabeS .nakifingis gnay

gned kelpmok gnay halasam isatagnem tapad gnires .nautnab tikides na

irajalepmem awsis itnabmem aynah kadit amasajrek namalagneP

.atayn ainud nagned netsisnok ipatet ,raja nahab


32

.e refsnartneM ( gnirrefsnarT )

macamreb taubmem urug nareP - nagned rajaleb namalegnep macam

.nalapah nakub namahamep adap sukof

.D kaH i API tak

.1 API naitregneP

nagnubuh iaynupmem nad mala narajalebmep pesnok nakapurem API

.aisunam napudihek nagned tiakret saul tagnas gnay

gnatnet ”umli“ itrareb malA nauhategneP umlI uata API halitsi iges iraD

urem malA nauhategneP umlI .”malA nauhategneP“ irad nahamejret nakap

” sirggnI asahaB ”ecneicS larutaN tubesid gnires takgnis araces

larutaN .”ecneicsI“ .mala nagned nagnubuhreb ,haimala aynitra ecneicS

,raneb gnay nauhategnep utaus halada umlI .nauhategnep aynitra

nakranebid gnay nauhategnep aynduskam naranebek ruku kalot turunem

utiay umli lanoisar nad fitkeybo ,sigol uata laka kusam halada lanoisaR .

nagned iauses utiay fitkeybo nakgnades ,tahes laka nagned amiretid

iulalem natamagnep namalagnep nagned iauses ,naataynek aynkeybo

uhategneP .ardniacnap atsemes mala gnatnet nauhategnep halada malA na

nad lanoisar gnay nauhategnep halada API idaJ .aynisi alages nagned

ilha arap turuneM .aynisi alages nagned atsemes mala gnatnet fitkeybo

turuneM .)API( malA nauhatagnep umlI naitregnep aparebeb ada

tsbeW( :s’re yranoitciD etaigelloC weN )2:1002 radnaksI malad

alajeg nad mala gnatnet nauhategnep halada API awhab nakataynem -

:s’lenruP( turuneM .aynalajeg ecneics fo yranoitciD esicnoC malad


42

saul gnay nauhategnep halada API awhab nakataynem )2:1002 radnaksI

nay atres ,kitametsis gnay nemirepske nad isavresbo nagned naktapaid g

naruta nautnab malad naksalejid - mukuh ,naruta - pisnirp ,mukuh - ,pisnirp

iroet - .sisetopih nad iroet

.2 kudorP iagabeS )API( malA nauhategneP umlI

kudorp iagabes aguj tubesid nilpisid iagabes API nakapurem inI .API

arap nakukalid gnay kitilana nataigek nad kiripme nataigek lisah nalupmuk

atkaf halada kudorp iagabes API kutneB .daba iagabreb amales nawumli -

pesnok ,atkaf - pisnirp ,pesnok - iroet nad ,pisnirp - .API iroet

lada API malad atkaf tubesid gnaY naataynrep ha - gnatnet naataynrep

adneb - raneb gnay adneb - awitsirep uata ,ada raneb - luteb gnay awitsirep -

motA : hotnoC .fitkeybo araces isamrifnokid hadus nad idajret luteb

.litper nagnolog kusamret ralu ,nortcele utas iaynupmem negordih

halada API pesnoK atkaf nakutasrepmem gnay edi utaus - .API atkaf

atkaf aratna gnubuhgnep nakapurem API pesnoK - ada gnay atkaf

hotnoc halada ini tukireB .aynnagnubuh - adneb :API pesnok hotnoc - adneb

lekitrap sata nususret taz aumes ;nagnukgnil helo ihuragnepid pudih -

.lekitrap

rP pesnok aratnaid nagnubuh gnatnet isasilareneg halada API pisni - pesnok

gnay pisnirp halada ,iaumem naksanapid gnay aradu ;aynhotnoC .API

pesnok nakgnubuhgnem - tapad pisnirP .naiaumep nad sanap ,aradu pesnok

isnirp babes ,nakukalid urab isavresbo alib habureb .efitatnet tafisreb p


52

mukuH - pisnirp halada mala mukuh - nupiksem amiretid hadus gnay pisnirp

naijugnep imalagnem anerak efitatnet tafisreb aguj - hibel gnay naijugnep

mukuh ;hotnoC .lakek tafisreb mala mukuh akam ,pisnirp adap irad sarek

.igrene nalakekek

atkaf irad saul hibel gnay akgnarek nakapurem haimlI iroeT - pesnok ,atkaf -

pisnirp nad pesnok - nakapurem iroet utauS .nagnubuhreb gnilas pisnirp

naksalejnem kutnu nawaumli helo taubid gnay narabmag uata ,ledom

semes mala kirtnesoeg iroet : hotnoC .mala alajeg amil lojnonem gnay at

kadit gnay harajes irad naigab nakapurem aynah gnarakes ulal nuhat sutar

.igal ukalreb

.3 sesorP iagabeS )API( malA nauhategnep umlI

,API sesorp imahamem aguj surah API imahamem kutnu ini lah malaD

f naklupmugnem anamiagab imahamem utiay atka - anamiagab nad atkaf

atkaf nakgnubuhgnem - .aynnakisatneserpmem kutnu atkaf gnaroeS

rudesorp nakanuggnem nawumli - mala naadaek imahamem malad rudesorp

rudesorp aynada nagneD .ini - uata haimli sesorp tubesid halini rudesorp

snias nalipmareteK .snias sesorp rumues rajaleb nalipmaretek tubesid aguj

nalipmaretek babes ,pudih - napudihek kutnu iakapid tapad ini nalipmaretek

irahes - .aynnial iduts gnadib kutnu nad irah

tapadid API .API naktapadnem kutnu sesorp halada ini lah malad sesorP

at adA .haimlI edotem nagned nagned iauses aynnagnabmegnep napah

.nemirepske naitilenep sesorp utaus irad napahat


62

.a ardni acnap aumes nakanuggnem nalipmaretek nakapurem ,isavresbO

.isamrofi uata atad helorepmem kutnu

.b rasad sata natamagnep keybo halognem nalipmaretek ,issakifisalK

srep .ikilimid gnay naadebrep nad naama

.c .atad nakrisfanem kutnu nalipmaretek nakapurem ,isaterpretnI

.d naklamarem uata nakarikrepmem tapad kutnu nalipmaretek ,iskiderP

nagnubuh alop uata nagnurednecek nakrasadreb idajret naka gnay apa

gnay atad adap tapadret gnay .helorepid

.e naataynek gnatne naagud apureb naataynrep utaus ,sisetopiH -

narikimep sesorp iulalem mala id tapadret gnay naataynek

.f naikimedes lebairav rutagnem nalipmaretek ,lebairaV nakliladnegneM

halada nemirepske rihka adap naadebrep aynada aggnihes apur raneb -

.itiletid gnay lebairav huragnep anerak raneb

.g pahat ,naitilenep nakanaskalem nad nakanacnereM - halada aynpahat

nakadnit sisetopih nakpatenem ,naitilenep halasam nakpatenem

nakpatenem ,nakanugid naka gnay tala nad nahab nakpatenem

hakgnal - rep hakgnal nad ,nakhutubid gnay utkaw atres naaboc

.atad isalubat tamrof nakpatenem

.h irad nalupmisek kiranem kutnu naupmamek ,)naklupmiynem( isnerefnI

.naklupmukid gnay atad

.i nupuata pesnok nad edi irad naparenep uataus ,)nakparenem( isakilpA

kilimid gnay nauhategnep .urab isautis malad ek kidid atresep i


72

.j malad id ada gnay apa nakiapmaynem nalipmaretek ,isakinumoK

.nasilut uata nasil araces nial gnaro adap naasarep nad narikip

.4 haimlI pakiS iagabeS )API( malA nauhategneP umlI

pakis nagned duskamid gnay ini lah malaD padahret haimli pakis halada

nakgnabmekid tapad gnay haimli pakis kepsa nalibmes adA .ratikes mala

lraH ennyW( rasaD halokeS awsis adap :tukireb iagabes utiay ,)1991,ne

.a ,uhat nigni pakiS

ranebgnay nabawaj naktapadnem nigni ulales gnay pakis utaus utiay

.aynitamaid gnay keybo irad

.b urab gnay utauses naktapadnem nigni pakiS

nigni asar irad nabawaj helorepmem awsis akij idajret tapad ini pakiS

am ini lah ipatet nakA .utauses padahret aynuhat aratnemes tafisreb his

.aisunam aredni acnap nad rikipreb nasatabretek aynada anerak

.c amasajrek pakiS

.nauhategnep umli kaynab hibel helorepmem kutnu anugreb ini pakiS

ikilim atik gnay nauhategnep anerak nakhutubid ini amasajreK

abid satabret hisam nikgnum .nial gnaro nauhategnep nagned nakgnidn

.d asa sutup kadit pakiS

naumli arap taubmem kadit surenem suret gnay nalagagek aynadA

gnay utauses nakumenem uata nakatpicnem kutnu asa sutup

adap ada nakparahid aguj ini pakiS .pudih kuhkam igab taafnamreb

.awsis irid


82

.e akgnas abrup kadit pakiS

fitkejbO .fitkejbo halsurah naranebek utaus nakpatenem malaD

kana uti anerak helO .akgnas abrup kadit idajnem gnaro taubmem

iracnem kutnu isavresbo nad nemirepske nakukalem rasaD halokeS

.uti naranebek

.f irid sawam pakiS

naumli araP kadit uti naranebeK .naranebek iggnit gnujnujem uti

laH .iridnes aynirid padahret aguj numan irid raul id nakujutid aynah

.rujuj asaitnanes raga rasaD halokeS awsis adap nakgnabmekid aguj ini

.g bawaj gnuggnat pakiS

wsis adapek nakrajaid bawaj gnuggnat pakiS taubmem nagned a

.nemirepske nupuam natamagnep lisah nakropalem nad natamagnep

.h sabeb rikipreB

sativitkeybo anerak nakulrepid kaltum gnay rusnu nakapurem keybO

rawaM agnub ualak harem nakatak :hotnoc .umli naranebek utas halas

.harem uti

.i nanilpisidek pakiS irid

kutnu gnaroeses naupmamek iagabes nakitraid nilisid pakiS

ini pakiS .naujut iapacnem kutnu aynirid rutagnem nupuata lortnognem

nataigek adap aynnakukalem nagned rasaD halokeS id nakgnabmekid

.suires araces nemirepske nupuam natamagnep


92

.5 uhategneP umlI rasaD halokeS kutnu )API( malA na

malad( netraM nad oluaP helo nakisinifidid malA nauhategneP umlI niraC

:tukireb iagabes )5 :3991

.a .idajret gnay apa itamagneM

.b .itamaid gnay apa imahamem abocneM

.c naka gnay apa lamarem kutnu urab nauhategnep nakanugrepmeM

ret .idaj

.d nalamar ijugneM - isidnok hawab id nalamar - tahilem kutnu isidnok

.raneb uti nalamar hakapa

aumes nakaideynem kadit API nakakumegnem aguj akerem uti nialeS

kana API malaD .nakuja atik gnay halasam aumes kutnu nabawaj - kana

sitpeks pakisreb surah atik nad isakifidomem pais ulales atik aggnihes

ledom - naumenep nagned nalajes inim ala gnatnet iaynup atik gnay ledom -

nalipmareteK .naktapad atik gnay naumenep - sesorp malad nalipmaretek

nagnabmekrep nagned nakiausesid surah aguj nakhitalid naka gnay API

kana - kana )61:9991 ,inirS(

.E adneB kareG

isnetepmoK radnatS : aynnagnubuh ,adneb kareg arac iagabreb imahameM

.igrene rebmus nad igrene nagned

rasaD isnetepmoK : adneb kareg awhab natamagnep lisah naklupmiyneM

.naruku nad kutneb helo ihuragnepid


03

.1 areG naitregneP adneB k

a adneb kareG adneb utaus adap nakududek tapmet nahaburep utaus halad

adneb akij karegreb nakatakid adneb haubeS .lawa nagnabmiesek kitit irad

nahaburep kiab aynnial adneb padahret nakududek hadnipreb uti

takednem gnay nupuam ihuajnem gnay nakududek .i

.2 sinej nupadA - : nial aratna kareg irad sinej

.a ratup kareG

kadit adneb ipatet ,gnidnileggnem nagned pirim ratupreb kareG

sorop iaynupmem aynasaib ratupreb kareG .nahadniprep imalagnem

.narakgnil kutnebreb aynkareg nasatnil nad maj muraj kareg aynlasiM

gnilab nad - .retpokileh gnilab

1 rabmaG ria helo nakkaregid gnay ria ricniK .


13

.2 rabmaG adepes ador ratup kareG

.b gnidnileggnem kareG

adneb helo nakukalid gnay kareg nakapurem gnidnileggneM

uata talub kutnebreb gnay nad libom ador kareg aynhotnoC .narakgnil

gnay ador naakumrep ,karegreb amaleS .nalajreb taas adap adepes

.habureb ulales )nasadnal( hanat hutnegnem

3 rabmaG hadner tapmetek iggnit tapmet irad aloB .


23

.4 rabmaG nagnapal id gnidnileggnem aloB

.c rilagnem kareG

heloB .karegreb nakatakid iagnus id tuynah gnay adneB

harA .iagnus ria nakareg helo nakbabesid uti adneb nakareg ,gnalibid

gnay yapmet ek ujunem iggnit gnay tapmet irad ulales ria nakareg

riac taz helo nakukalid gnay nakareG .hadner hibel .rilagnem tubesid

nakgnaunem umak taas adap itama umak tapad aguj rilagnem kareG

nakkusamem nisneb mop sagutep taas adap uata saleg malad ek ria

.ikgnat malad ek nisneb

halaboC .hadner gnay tapmet ek iggnit gnay tapmet irad rilagnem riA

kab nakitahrep id nakkatelid uti kaB .umhamur id ria nagnupmanep

.hadum nagned rilagnem tapad kab malad ria raga iggnit gnay tapmet

rilagnem iagnus riA .iggnit gnay tapmet irad hutaj nup najuh ria narilA

.hadner hibel gnay tapmet ek ujunem nagnunugep haread irad


33

ynrihkA tapmet nakapurem tual ,uti aneraK .tual ek kusam iagnus ria ,a

.imub naakumrep id hadner gnilap gnay

.5 rabmaG terak uharep nakkareggnem ria nakareG

.d hutaj kareG

irahes napudihek malaD - iumenem uata tahilem gnires atik ,irah

imalagnem gnay adneb sabeb hutaj kareg gnay haub kareg aynlasim ,

utnetret naiggnitek irad nakhutajid gnay adneb kareg ,nohop irad hutaj

nem . hamur pata irad hutaj gnay aisunam kareg nakhab uata apag

? sabeb hutaj kareg imalagnem adneb

nairud haub aynhotnoC .hawab ek sata irad adneb kareg halada hutaJ

nakbabesid hutaj kareG .ayniakgnat irad sapel anerak hutaj gnay

adneb aumes nakbabeynem gnay )isativarg( imub kirat ayag aynada

.hawab ek hutaj


43

.6 rabmaG nohop irad sabeb hutaj hauB

.e lutnamem kareG

.nakubmut idajret haletes adneb kareg halada lutnameM

aluM .lekeb alob kareg halada aynhotnoC - irad hutaj lekeb alob alum

lekeb alob kareg hara ,iatnal kubmunem haleteS .hawab ek sata

tiay ,habureb naiggnitek iapacnem haletes numaN .sata ek hawab irad u

.igal lutnamem naidumek ,hawab ek igal hutaj naka lekeb alob ,tnetret

lekeb alob aynrihka iapmas gnusgnalreb suret naka uti laH

.teksab alob naniamrep adap aynnial hotnoC.itnehreb

.7 rabmaG gnarO alob naklutnamem teksab niamreb gnades


53

.3 laH - :adneb kareg ihuragnepmem gnay lah

.a tareB - .adneb kareg ihuragnepmem tapad adneb nagnir

.uti karegreb gnay adneb tobob helo ihuragnepid gnay ada adneb kareG

.ipa aterek adapirad merid hadum hibel gnacnek ujalem gnay liboM

ipa aterek nakitnehgneM .libom adapirad tareb hibel huaj ipa atereK

aw nakhutubiD .libom nakitnehgnem adapirad tilus hibel amal gnay utk

tapad kadit ipa aterek aynbabes utI .itnehreb tapad ipa aterek raga

.libom itrepes nikgnum gnireses itnehreb

8 rabmaG aloB nagnir tareB .

.b .adneb kareg ihuragnepmem adneb kutneB

natapecek ,amas tobob nad nahab sinej iaynupmem nupualaW adneb

saul naadebrep aynada nakbabesid ini laH .adebreb tapad hutaj

gnisam naakumrep - malad satrek uata niak ,aynlasiM .adneb gnisam

uata tapilid gnay niak adapirad tabmal hibel hutaj ,narabmel kutneb

.samerid gnay satrek


63

.9 rabmaG nad satrek rabmeleS satrek lapmuges

adebreb hutaj kareg imalagnem

.c .adneb kareg ihuragnepmem adneb naakumrep naadaeK

nikameS .uti adneb kareg ihuragnepmem adneb naakumrep kutneB

.gnidnileggnem uti adneb tilus nikames ,adneb naakaumrep rasak

es ,adneb naakumrep sulah nikameS uti adneb hadum nikam

.gnidnileggnem

kutnebreb aynador gnay libom uata rotom tahilem umak hakhanreP

tudusreb gnay ador kutneB ?napaled iges uata igesrep - aynutnet tudus

kadit narakgnil nad sulah gnay kutneB .gnidnileggnem kutnu tilus

talub kutnebreb gnay ador naikimed nagneD .tudus gnudnagnem uata

.gnidnileggnem kutnu hadum naka radnub

.01 rabmaG rasak naakumrep nad sulah naakumrep aloB


73

.d .adneb kareg ihuragnepmem nasatnil naakumrep naadaeK

sulah hibel gnay nasatnilid gnidnileggnem hadum hibel adneB

kumrep malad id adneb nagned nakgnidnabid nagneD .rasak gnay naa

hadum hibel naka sulah aynnaakumrep gnay talub adneb ,naikimed

naka libom ,aynlasiM .sulah hibel gnay nasatnil id gnidnileggnem

satnilem nakagnidnabid sulah gnay nalajid satnilem hadum hibel

nek ,uti anerak helO .utabreb gnay nalajid hibel ujalem tapad naarad

akij nalep karegreb naka naaradneK .lapsareb nalaj sata id racnal

.utabreb gnay nalaj iulalem

.11 rabmaG sulah naakumrep satnilem liboM rasak naakumrep nad

.F rikiP akgnareK

nad nauhategnep iasaugnem aynsurahes awsiS gnay nalipmaretek

awsis naasaugnep raseb aparebeS .narajalep atam paites malad nakgnabmekid

akgna uata set ialin nakanuggnem nagned nakkujnutid narajalep atam padahret

tapad tubesret ialin akgna uata set ialin aynadA .urug helo nakirebid gnay ialin

utnenem aynutas halaS .narajalep atam utaus malad awsis rajaleb isatserp nak

.API narajalep atam halada


83

kutnu arac utas halas halutI .kiranem halsurah narajalebmep nataigeK

API narajalep atam malad aynsusuhk ,awsis rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem

dnep nagned halada natakednep nakanuggnem nagneD .lautsketnok natake

malad fitka narepreb kaynab hibel kutnu awsis naknikgnumem ini lautsketnok

kopmolek malad amasajrekeb gnilas tapad awsis ,uti nialeS .narajalebmep

iretam padahret nauhategnep naasaugnep naktakgninem kutnu gnay

natakednep nakanuggnem nagned ,tubesret lah nakrasadreB .natukgnasreb

narajalep atam malad awsis rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem tapad lautsketnok

.API

.G nakadniT sisetopiH

natakednep naanuggnep :halada ini naitilenep malad sisetopiH

nem tapad lautsketnok rajaleb isatserp naktakgni API narajalep atam adap

III salek 2 retsemes macam iretam malad aynsusuhk - id adneb kareg macam

.1102 / 0102 narajaleP nuhaT ,upelK suisinaK DS


93

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ

naitileneP anerak ,)KTP( saleK nakadniT naitileneP iulalem nakukalid ini

ikiabrepmem tapad nakparahid KTP nakanuggnem nagned urug ajrenik .

ledoM .traggaT cM nad simmeK naitilenep ledom nakanuggnem ini naitileneP

aka taas naanacnerep aynada sata iridret ini naitilenep nakadagnem n

,naitilenep taas natamagnep nad nakadnit nagned iatresid nad ,naitilenep

nad nakukalid halet gnay nataigek aumes irad iskelfer aynada naidumek

.ayntujnales nakadnit kutnu nakanacnerid halet gnay apa ilabmek gnacnarem

tapad aynsalej hibel kutnU .ini hawab id rabmag tahilid

I sulkiS II sulkiS

.21 rabmaG rulA KTP sulkiS

93

anacneRnakadniT

iskelfeR

naanaskaleP nakadniT

iskelfeR

anacneRnakadniT

naanaskaleP nakadniT

isavresbO ataD nalupmugneP( )

isavresbO ataD nalupmugneP( )


04

nakadnit naanaskalep rula malad awhab iuhatek atik tapad sata id rabmag iraD

.iskelfer nad isavresbo ,nakadnit naanaskalep ,nakadnit naanacnerep :tapadret

:tukireb iagabes aynnasalejnep nupadA

.1 nakadnit naanacnereP

nakrasadreb nususid salek nakadnit naitilenep malad nakadnit anacneR

.nakujaid gnay nakadnit sisetopih nad nakhacepid kadneh gnay halasam

hakgnaL - nakanacnerid ulrep nakukalid naka gnay nakadnit uata hakgnal

raneb aggnihes icnir araces - akidajid tapad raneb malad nagnagep n

.nakadnit nakanaskalem

.2 nakadnit naanaskaleP

aynkadneh salek nakadnit naitilenep malad nakukalid gnay nakadnit sineJ

gnay lisah raga kiripme nad kitiroet nagnabmitrep sata nakrasadid

a margorp lisah nad ajrenik natakgninep apureb helorepid lamitpo halad

.3 isavresbO

ataD .atad nalupmugnep nataigek utaus nakapurem isavresbo nataigeK

apureb sesorp gnatnet atad halada naklupmukid gnay isamrofni uata

.narajalebmep ajrenik nahaburep

.4 iskelfeR

irebmem nad imahamem kutnu gnitnep gnay naigab nakapurem iskelfeR

tabika iagabes idajret gnay )nahaburep( lisah nad sesorp padahret ankam

kutnu taafnamreb iskelfeR .nakukalid gnay )isnevretni( nakadnit aynada

anaskalem malad itilenep naupmamek naktakgninem naitilenep nak

.salek nakadnit


14

.B naitileneP gnitteS

.1 naitileneP tapmeT

,upelK suisinaK DS halada ini naitilenep tapmeT nusuD id katelret gnay

.26555 atrakaygoY ,namelS ,riggniM ,oyluM gnadneS ,upelK

.2 naitileneP keybuS

DS awsis halada ini naitilenep keybuS upelK suisinaK DS III salek

gnay,awsis 92 halmujreb gnay 1102/0102 naraja nuhat paneg retsemes

ikal irad iridret - .61 : naupmerep ,31 : ikal

.3 naitileneP keybO

narajalebmep malad awsis rajaleb isatserp halada itiletid naka gnay keybO

D adneB kareG iretam API nagned narukU nad kutneB ihuragnepi

.lautsketnoK natakedneP nakanuggnem

.4 naitileneP utkaW

nalub adap atad nalibmagneP ieM iapmas teraM 2 adap tapet utiay 110

.III salek awsis adap nakrajaid surah ini iretam utkaw nakgnadeS

tahilid tapad nataigek nahurulesek :tukireb lebat adap

aitileneP lawdaJ . 1 lebaT n

oN

nataigeK

1102 nuhaT

naJ beF raM rpA ieM nuJ luJ sgA peS tkO poN seD naJ

1 isidnok ,atad nalupmugneP

isavresbo nad lawa

2 lasoporP nusuyneP

3 atad nalibmagnep nijI


24

4 atad nalibmagneP

5 atad sisilanA

6 naropal nusuyneP

7 ispirks naijU

8 isiveR ispirkeS naropal

.C naitileneP rudesorP

sulkis paites sulkis 2 idajnem igabmem silunep ,ini naitilenep malaD

: naumetrep 2 iridret

.1 napaisreP

.a idorp tairaterkes irad atnimid gnay supmak irad niji tarus atnimeM

isavresbo nakukalem kutnu DSGP

.b DS III salek urug nad halokeS alapeK adapek niji atnimem itileneP

.naitilenep nakadagnem kutnu upelK suisinaK

.c nahacemep fitanretla nakutnenem nad halasam isakifitnedigneM

halasam

.d ayag utiay kokop iretam nakispirksidnem ,rasaD isnetepmoK ijakgneM

nem tapad adneb kutneb habug

.e nakanugid naka gnay narajalebmep aidem nad rebmus nakpaiyneM

.f rasaD isnetepmoK adap API gnatnet subaliS nusuyneM

macam nakispirksednem - .adneb kareg macam

.g uyneM s API gnatnet PPR nu , macam nakispirksednem - kareg macam

.adneb


34

.h rabmeL nusuyneM )SKL( awsiS ajreK

.i padahret natamagnep nemurtsni taubmeM isatserp rajaleb adap awsis

narajalep atam API ianegnem rasaD isnetepmoK nakispirksednem

macam - .adneb kareg macam

.2 sulkis paites nakadnit anacneR

.a I sulkiS

)1 nakadnit anacneR

eP ret ini I sulkis narajalebm naumetreP .narajalep maj 5 irad irid

,pj 3 irad iridret audek naumetrep nad pj 2 irad iridret amatrep

kutnu pj 1 nad iretam nakiapmaynem kutnu pj 2 anamid

kutnu nakanugid amatrep naumetreP .isaulave laos nakajregnem

macam gnatnet iretam nakiapmaynem - macam utiay adneb kareg

awsis ini narajalebmep adaP .gnidnileggnem nad hutaj kareg

helo nakkujnutid gnay rabmag aud kabenem upmam nakparahid

awsis uti haleteS .)hutaj nad gnidnileggmem kareg( urug

adneb awhab naabocrep iulalem nakkujnunem upmam nakparahid

tapad nataigek iraD .gnidnileggnem nad hutaj arac nagned karegreb

adneb hotnoc naktubeynem nakparahid awsis ,ini naabocrep - adneb

ini audek naumetrep adaP .gnidnileggnem nad hutaj tapad gnay

lah gnatnet naksalejnem tapad nakparahid awsis - gnay lah

reg ihuragnepmem nagneD .gnidnileggnem nad hutaj adneb ka

naktubeynem tapad awsis nakparahid ini naabocrep aynada

irahes napudihek malad gnidnileggnem nad hutaj kareg naanugek -


44

sulkis nupadA .isaulave nagned naktujnalid sulkis rihka adaP .irah

ireb iagabes nakrabajid naka I :tuk

) tinem 53 x 2 ( amatrep naumetreP

naumetrep adap narajalebmep anacner nakiapmaynem uruG

.ayntukireb gnay naujut nad isnetepmok nakiapmaynem uruG

.iapacid naka

hutaj nad gnidnileggnem rabmag nakkujnunem uruG

)naledomeP (

gnidnileggnem adneb kareg gnatnet naksalejnem kidid atreseP

rabmag tahilem nagned hutaj nad )naledomeP(

tapme kopmolek paites kopmolek kutnebmem kidid atreseP

kana )rajaleB takaraysaM (

urug nakukalid gnay isartnomed itamagnem kidid atreseP

salek napedid )naledomeP(

nad gnidnileggnem adneb kareg naksalejnem kidid atreseP

.kopmolekes namet nagned naabocrep nakukalem nagned hutaj

)nakumeneM(

adneb kareg tafis nad kutneb naksalejnem kidid atreseP

hutaj nad gnidnileggnem )emsivitkurtsnoK(

eynem kidid atresreP nad hutaj adneb kareg naanugek naktub

irahes napudihek malad gnidnileggnem - irah )aynatreB (.

.urug helo nakigabid gnay SKL nakajregnem kidid atreseP

)aynranebes gnay naialineP (


54

) tinem 53 x 2 ( audek naumetreP .

gnisam kopmolek malad kusam kidid atreseP - .gnisam

)rajaleB takaraysaM (

nial kopmolek nad ajrek lisah nakacabmem kopmolek paiteS

.napaggnat nakirebmem )aynatreB (

macam iretam gnatnet naksalejnem uruG - adneb kareg macam

.hutaj nad gnidnileggnem tkurtsnoK ( )emsivi

nad awsis rajaleb lisah padahret kilab napmu nakirebmem uruG

narajalebmep iskelfer nakirebmem )iskelfeR (.

.urug nagnibmib nagned nalupmisek taubmem awsiS

)2 nakadniT naanaskaleP

.nakadnit anacner nagned iauses naitilenep nakukalem itileneP

)3 isavresbO )ataD nalupmugneP(

.a naumet tatacnem nad natamagneP - amales ada gnay naumet

.gnusgnalreb narajalebmep

.b .awsis nalisahrebek rukugnem kutnu set/nagnalu nakukaleM

)4 iskelfeR

padahret isaulave nakukalem itilenep iskelfer pahat adaP

irad tahilid I sulkis naanaskalep lisaH .awsis nupuam urug nataigek

gnay apa nakadnit nakparenem kutnu nakanugid iskelfer nad naijak

ayntukireb sulkis adap nakanaskalid nad ikiabrepid ulrep


64

.b II sulkiS

)1 nakadnit anacneR

eP .narajalep maj amil irad iridret ini II sulkis narajalebm

naumetreP iridret audek naumetrep nad pj 2 irad iridret amatrep

kutnu pj 1 nad iretam nakiapmaynem kutnu pj 2 anamid ,pj 3 irad

kutnu nakanugid amatrep naumetreP .isaulave laos nakajregnem

macam gnatnet iretam nakiapmaynem - utiay adneb kareg macam

reg ,lutnamem kareg adaP .rilagnem kareg nad ratup ka

rabmag agit kabenem upmam nakparahid awsis ini narajalebmep

.)rilagnem nad rratup ,lutnamem kareg( urug helo nakkujnutid gnay

iulalem nakkujnunem upmam nakparahid awsis uti haleteS

gned karegreb tapad adneb awhab naabocrep arac na

,ini naabocrep nataigek iraD .rilagnem nad ratupreb,lutnamem

adneb hotnoc naktubeynem nakparahid awsis - tapad gnay adneb

awsis ini audek naumetrep adaP .rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem

lah gnatnet naksalejnem tapad nakparahid - ihuragnepmem gnay lah

g ini naabocrep aynada nagneD .rilagnem nad ratup,lutnamem kare

,lutnamem kareg naanugek naktubeynem tapad awsis nakparahid

irahes napudihek malad rilagnem nad ratup - sulkis rihka adaP .irah

nakrabajid naka II sulkis nupadA .isaulave nagned naktujnalid

agabes :tukireb i


74

) tinem 53 x 2 ( amatrep naumetreP

naumetrep adap narajalebmep anacner nakiapmaynem uruG

.ayntukireb gnay naujut nad isnetepmok nakiapmaynem uruG

.iapacid naka

rabmag nakkujnunem uruG .rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem

)naledomep (

adneb kareg gnatnet naksalejnem kidid atreseP ,lutnamem

rilagnem nad ratupreb rabmag tahilem nagned )nakumeneM (

tapme kopmolek paites kopmolek kutnebmem kidid atreseP

kana ) rajaleB takaraysaM (

urug nakukalid gnay isartnomed itamagnem kidid atreseP

pedid salek na )naledomeP (

adneb kareg naksalejnem kidid atreseP nad ratupreb ,lutnamem

rilagnem namet nagned naabocrep nakukalem nagned

.kopmolekes )nakumeneM(

adneb kareg tafis nad kutneb naksalejnem kidid atreseP

.rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem kurtsnoK ( )emsivit

adneb kareg naanugek naktubeynem kidid atresreP ,lutnamem

rilagnem nad ratupreb irahes napudihek malad - .irah )iskelfeR(

.urug helo nakigabid gnay SKL nakajregnem kidid atreseP



84

) tinem 53 x 2 ( audek naumetreP

uruG macam iretam gnatnet naksalejnem - adneb kareg macam

.rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem )emsivitkurtsnoK (

kopmolek nad ajrek lisah nakisatneserpmem kopmolek paiteS

.napaggnat nakirebmem nial )aynatreB (

nad awsis rajaleb lisah padahret kilab napmu nakirebmem uruG

.narajalebmep iskelfer nakirebmem ) iskelfeR (

.urug nagnibmib nagned nalupmisek taubmem awsiS

.udividni araces isaulave laos nakajregnem awsiS


)2 nakadniT naanaskaleP

.nakadnit anacner nagned iauses naitilenep nakukalem itileneP

)3 isavresbO

nataigek nakukalem malad awsis nataigek itamagnem itileneP

lah tatacnem nad narajalebmep - .idajret gnay gnitnep lah

)4 iskelfeR

padahret isaulave nakukalem itilenep iskelfer pahat adaP

.awsis nupuam urug nataigek irad tahilid II sulkis naanaskalep

ulrep sulkis hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid isaulave lisaH

lisahreb muleb aliB .lisahreb nakataynid uata naktujnalid

sulkis adap nakanaskalid kutnu nakadnit nahaburep nakulrepid

.ayntukireb ihunemem halet awsis rajaleb isatserp alib numaN


94

nad igal nakanaskalid ulrep kadit nakadnit ,nalisahrebek rotakidni

.lisahreb halet naitilenep awhab nakataynid

.D nemurtsnI nad ataD nalupmugneP

ataD nalupmugneP ,ataD ,rotakidnI ,rajaleb isatserP : habueP nad

: tukireb lebat malad tapadret aynnemurtsnI

nemurtsnI nad ataD nalupmugneP : 2 lebaT

oN habueP rotakidnI sineJataD nalupmugneP nemurtsnI

1 isatserP

awsis rajaleb

iretam malad

macam -

macam

adneb kareg

atar ialiN – atar

rajaleb isatserp

salek awsis

iretam malad

macam - macam

adneb kareg

ialiN ataD

naklupmukid

rihka paites adap

iridret laoS

laos 03 irad

gnay

aynmulebes

adap nakijuid

awsis

esatnesreP

awsis halmuj

iapacnem gnay

MKK

ialiN pait rihka seT

sulkis

nahilip laoS

adnag

isaulave nakukalem itilenep I sulkis adaP narajalebmep nagned arac

nakirebmem aynpakgnel hibel ,laos 51 halmujreb gnay adnag nahilip laos

tahilid tapad lebat adap isik - iagabes I sulkis rihka isaulave laos isik :tukireb


05

isiK : 3 lebaT - saulavE laoS isik I sulkiS rihkA i

gnabaC

API

tiakret rotakidnI

seT naialineP

kutneB

isaulavE laoS romoN nad kepsA

ajreniK silutreT nauhategneP namahameP napareneP

akisiF kidid atreseP tapad

naktubeynemmacam - macam

adneb kareg id ada gnay nagnukgnil

.ratikes

51,21 21 ,9 31

akisiF kidid atreseP imahamem adneb kareg

nad hutaj gnidnileggnem

iulalemnaabocrep

ABPI kidid atreseP upmam

naksalejnemlah - gnay lah

ihuragnepmem adneb kareg

hutaj kareg nad adneb

gnidnileggnem iulalem

.naabocrep

7 ,2 5 01


iuhategnem kareg naanugek nad hutaj adneb

gnidnileggnem malad

,1 3 6


15

napudihekirahes - .irah

akisiF kidid atreseP upmam

kisartnomednem abociju lisah na nad hutaj kareg

kareggnidnileggnem


lah naksalejnem - gnay lah

ihuragnepmem nad hutaj kareg

kareg gnidnileggnem

lisah nagned naabocrep gnay.nakukalid

4 41 11


naktubeynem adneb hotnoc

nad hutaj.gnidnileggnem

21 8

4 lebaT I sulkiS laoS naroksneP .

ON

laoS sineJ

laoS halmuJ

rokS

lamiskaM laoS paiT

halmuJ

rokS

1 adnaG nahiliP 51 1 51

lamiskam roks halmuJ 51


25

adnag nahilip isaulave laos narokeyneP

bawajnem kadit uata halas nabawaj akij 0 rokS

raneb nabawaj akij 1 rokS

I sulkiS

: ialiN

laos kutneb nagned isaulave nakukalem itilenep II sulkis adaP

lebat adap naksalejid aynpakgnel hibel ,laos 51 halmujreb gnay adnag nahilip

:tukireb

.5 lebaT isiK - S rihkA isaulavE laoS isik II sulki

gnabaC

API

tiakret rotakidnI

seT naialineP

kutneB isaulavE laoS romoN nad kepsA

ajreniK silutreT nauhategneP namahameP napareneP

akisiF atreseP tapad kididaktubeynem

macam n - macam

adneb kareg id ada gnay nagnukgnil

.ratikes

5 ,3 ,2 31 7

akisiF atreseP kidid

imahamem adneb kareg

,lutnamem nad ratup


35

rilagnem iulalem

naabocrep ABPI atreseP

kidid upmam


ragnepmem kareg ihu

adneb ,lutnamem nad lutnap

rilagnem iulalem

.naabocrep

1 01 ,4

6 , 14

akisiF atreseP tapad kidid iuhategnem

naanugek adneb kareg

,utnamem nad ratup rilagnem

malad napudihek

irahes - .irah

11 ,9

akisiF kidid atreseP upmam

artnomednemlisah nakis

kareg abociju ,utnamem nad ratup

rilagnem



uragnepmem

8 51


45

kareg ih ,lutnamem

nad ratup rilagnem

lisah nagned naabocrep

gnay.nakukalid

akisiF atreseP tapad kididaktubeynem

hotnoc n adneb

,lutnamem nad ratup

rilagnem

21

.6 lebaT II sulkiS laoS naroksneP

ON

laoS sineJ

laoS halmuJ

rokS

lamiskaM laoS paiT

halmuJ

rokS

1 adnaG nahiliP 51 1 51

lamiskam roks halmuJ 51

adnag nahilip isaulave laos narokeyneP

bawajnem kadit uata halas nabawaj akij 0 rokS

raneb nabawaj akij 1 rokS

: ialiN


55

satidilaV

turuneM gnay iric utas halas halada satidilav ,)361:1102( onojiduS sanA

set alibapa dilav nakatakid set utauS .kiab gnay rajaleb lisah set iadnanem

luteb uti - adap satidilaV .rukuid kadneh gnay apa rukugnem luteb

nakanuggnem ini naitilenep tnemegduj trepxe utiay av isi satidil , anamid

utiay iretam nagned iauses satidilav irad isi macam - adneb kareg macam

atres gnay gnaro adapek nakisatlusnokid hadus nemurtsni isi uata nahab

ilha hibel , gnibmibmep nesod halada ini lah malad salek urug nad iraD .

sid tapad sata id naiaru .lebailer nakparahid dilav gnay set utaus naklupmi

gnay set aneraK .lebailer nakatakid tapad ini naitilenep nemurtsni idaJ

gnay naanacnerep nakrasadreb nususid halet tubesret lebailer nad dilav

av nakataynid hadus idaJ .nakbawajgnuggnatrepid tapad nad kiab nad dil

.satilibailer ihunemem

.E ataD sisilanA

.1 nalisahrebeK airetirK

roks ikilimem gnay awsis halmuj alibapa ,lisahreb nakatakid ini naitileneP

awsis halmuj hurules irad %07 halada rihka isidnok adap MKK sata id

.III salek


65

7 lebaT rotakidnI ,habueP . , I sulkiS nad I sulkiS ,lawa isidnoK

.8 lebaT lisaH nalisahrebeK rotakidnI iapacreT gnaY

habueP rotakidnI isidnoKlawA

I sulkiS II sulkiS

tegraT lisaH tegraT lisaH isatserP rajaleb

awsis

atar ialiN - awsis atar kareg iretam malad kutneb ihuragnepid

.naruku nad

95

46

86

07

27

halmuj esatnesreP gnay awsis

MKK iapacnem

%04

%57

%68

.2 ataD sisilanA

.a .MKK ihunemeM gnaY awsiS aynkaynaB nakutneneM sumuR

gnay awsis aynkaynab nalupmisek kiranem kutnu nakanugid gnay araC

nagned ,sulkis paites irad nesrep malad MKK ihunemem hadus :sumur

001% xaynhurulesawsishalmuJ

MKKihunememgnayawsishalmuJMKK

.b .MKK ihunemeM gnay awsiS natakgnineP nakutneneM sumuR

habueP rotakidnI isidnoK

lawA

sulkiS

I

sulkiS

II

isatserP

rajaleb

awsis

atar ialiN - iretam malad awsis atar

.naruku nad kutneb ihuragnepid kareg

95 46 07

gnay awsis halmuj esatnesreP

MKK iapacnem

%04 %06 %57


75

natakgninep raseb aparebes iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid gnay araC

:sumur nagned ,nesrep malad MKK ihunemem gnay awsis

:teK

n : halmuj natakgninep aynraseB ihunemem gnay awsis

nesrep malad MKK

1N : awsis halmuJ MKK ihunemem gnay adap nesrep malad

I sulkis

2N : awsis halmuJ MKK ihunemem gnay adap nesrep malad

II sulkis

2N =n – 1N


85

VI BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH

.A naitileneP lisaH

,napahat tapme malad nakanaskalid gnay sulkis 2 irad iridret ini naitileneP

utiay anacner nataigek naanaskalep , nataigek ,natamagnep , nad iskelfer .

:sulkis paites irad naitilenep lisah nasalejnep tukireB

I sulkiS

.a naanacnereP

nad 1 naumetrep I sulkis adaP nakukalem mulebes 2 naumetrep

isnetepmok ,isnetepmok radnats ijakgnem uluhad hibelret naitilenep

naktujnalid ,iapacid naka gnay rotakidni nad ,kokop iretam ,rasad

isiK ,SKL ,PPR ,subaliS nusuynem - .roks nakutnenem nad ,laos isik

.b naanaskaleP

p I sulkiS macam ianegnem iretam nakiapmaynem amatrep naumetre -

kareg ,gnidnileggnem kareg ,hutaj kareg utiay adneb kareg macam

naka gnay I sulkiS adaP .rilagnem kareg nad ratup kareg ,lutnamem

malaD .gnidnileggnem kareg nad hutaj kareg apureb sahabid

ep naanaskalep paites kopmolek 6 idajnem igabid awsis ini naitilen

kutnu tutnutid kopmolek paiteS .kana 5 iapmas 4 isireb kopmolek

rabmag nagned gnidnileggnem adneb nad hutaj adneb isakifitnedignem

kana tubesret nataigek malad aggniheS .nakaidesid hadus gnay tala nad

mam nad hutaj kareg utas halas naketkarpmem nad naktubeynem up

irahes napudihek malad gnidnileggnem - gnusgnalreb ini naitileneP .irah

58


95

12 utbaS irah adap ayntujnaleS .1102 ieM 81 laggnat ubaR irah adap

daP .audek naumetrep I sulkis naitilenep nakukalem 1102 ieM a

kareg nad hutaj kareg utiay adneb kareg macam sahabmem ini naumetrep

naumetreP .amatrep naumetrep id nakukalid hadus gnay gnidnileggnem

gnisam kopmolek malad kusam awsis ini audek - hadus gnay gnisam

opmolek malad kusam awsiS .amatrep naumetrep adap igabid gnisam k -

nakacabmem kutnu napedek ujam kopmolek paites uti haletes ,gnisam

kopmoleK .amatrep naumetrepid nakukalid hadus gnay naabocrep lisah

irebmem kutnu atnimid napedid nakisatneserpmem kadit gnay nial

serp iaseles haleteS .nial kopmolek lisah napaggnat atnimid kana isatne

lah naksalejnem kutnu tutnutid kanA .isatneserp lisah bawaj aynat kutnu -

adneb kareg nad hutaj adneb kareg ihuragnepmem gnay lah

.irah irahes napudihek malad nakukalid hadus gnay gnidnileggnem

p naumetrep irad isaulave nagned naktujnaliD naumetrep nad amatre

.audek

.c isavresbO

uti nataigek amaleS .kopmolek malad ajrekeb awsis ini I sulkis adaP

aynkopmolek malad ajrekeb uam kadit gnay awsis ada gnusgnalreb

saisutna awsis raseb naigabeS .nial kopmolek uggnaggnem aggnihes

itukignem .narajalebmep malad naktabilid awsis anerak ,ini narajalebmep

irad nasalejnep nakragnednem awsis aynada nagned itkubret ini laH

gnay naaynatrep bawajnem tapad nad salej muleb akitek aynatreb ,urug

.urug helo nakujaid


06

.d natamagneP lisaH

lep irad atad haleteS sisilana nakadaid ulrep ,haloid I sulkis naanaska

sulkis rajaleb lisah ataD .nakadnit nalisahrebek takgnit iuhategnem kutnu

lawa isidnok ataD .lawa isidnok atad nagned nakgnidnabid naka I

retam adap awsis nagnalu ialin nakrasadreb salek urug irad helorepid i

macam - adneb kareg macam salek I nupadA .0102/9002 narajalep nuhat II

lebat adap nakiaruid tubesret awsis rajaleb lisah lawa isidnok atad

:tukireb

9 lebaT . lawA isidnoK ialiN ataD

awsiS turU oN ialiN nasatnuteK satnuT satnuT kadiT

1 56 √ 2 05

√

3 56 √ 4 75

√

5 55

√ 6 07 √

7 57 √ 8 55 √ 9 85

√

01 05

√ 11 08 √

21 54

√ 31 95

√

41 05

√ 51 07 √

61 55

√ 71 08 √

81 54

√ 91 07 √

02 05

√ 12 86 √

22 05

√ 32 85

√

42 07 √


16

52 05

√ 62 55

√

72 55

√ 82 07 √

92 06

√ 03 55

√

halmuJ 9971 21 71 ataR - ialiN atar 95

esatnesrePnasatnuteK 40% 06 %

01 lebaT . ialiN isaulavE lisaH I sulkiS

oN I sulkis ialiN MKK aY kadiT

1 35 √ 2 66 √ 3 08 √ 4 37 √ 5 66 √ 6 35 √ 7 37 √ 8 37 √ 9 08 √ 01 08 √ 11 66 √ 21 68 √ 31 06 √ 41 66 √ 51 08 √ 61 66 √ 71 06 √ 81 37 √ 91 37 √ 02 66 √ 12 06 √ 22 06 √ 32 08 √ 42 66 √ 52 66 √ 62 37 √ 72 66 √ 82 66 √


26

92 06 √ halmuJ 0991 22 7

ataR - atarialiN 86

esatnesrePnasatnuteK

%57 %52

atar ialin natakgninep tahilem tapad atik I sulkis naktapadnem haleteS -

atik tapad uti laH .MKK iapacnem gnay awsis esatnesrep nad awsis atar

:tukireb lebat irad tahil

11 lebaT . I sulkiS nad lawA isidnoK ialiN nagnidnabreP

ataD lmJawsiS

ialiN ataR - atar

saleK

nasatnuteK

awsis halmuJsatnut esatnesreP

isidnoK lawA

03 95 21 %04

I sulkiS 92 68 22 %57

.e iskelfeR

narajalebmep taas nakukalid gnay natamagnep lisah nakrasadreB

:helorepid gnay iskelfer lisah tukireb ,gnusgnalreb

)1 gnay awsis aynadA nad kopmolek malad ajrekeb uam kadit

aynnakharagnem nad aynrugenem urug ,aynnamet uggnaggnem

kopmolek malad ajrekeb kutnu

)2 nakukalem malad natilusek asarem awsis amatrep naumetrep adaP

naabocrep iS .gnidnileggnem nad hutaj kareg malad aws nakukalem

skl iD .satrek naanuggnep malad nagnugnibek hisam hutaj kareg


36

hatnirep nakukalem kadit awsis ipatet,samerid utas gnay satrek

alad aynutnabmem uruG .hurusid gnay m hutaj kareg nakukalem

.lisahreb asib awsis nakukalid gnay naabocrep aggnihes

)3 mahameP isaulave lisah nagned itkubret ini lah ,takgninem awsis na

.lawa isidnok nagned nakgnidnabid takgninem gnay I sulkis P ada

atar ialin natakgninep tapadret ini sulkis - nad 86 utiay awsis atar

,%57 halada MKK iapacnem gnay awsis halmuj esatnesrep

II sulkiS

.a naanacnereP

mulebes audek naumetrep nad amatrep naumetrep II sulkis adaP

,isnetepmok radnats ijakgnem uluhad hibelret naitilenep nakukalem

,iapacid naka gnay rotakidni nad ,kokop iretam ,rasad isnetepmok

isik ,SKL ,PPR ,subalis nusuynem naktujnalid - os isik nautnenep nad ,la

utiay amatrep gnay naumetrep naktujnalem ini II sulkis adaP .roks

.rilagnem kareg nad ratup kareg ,lutnamem kareg gnatnet sahabmem

nakpaisid hadus gnay tala nagned tubesret naabocrep nakukalem kanA

mem kutnu nakduskamid ini laH .urug helo naitilenep taas nakhadu

tubesret tala anamiagab hakgnal paites naksalejnem inkay ,gnusgnalreb

,lutnamem kareg utiay sahabid gnay iretam nagned iauses karegreb tapad

hibelret hitalreb nad taubmem nagneD .rilagnem kareg nad ratup kareg

nataubmep akam uluhad hibel naka naitilenep naanaskalep nad

.lamiskam


46

.b naanaskaleP

ieM 52 laggnat ubaR irah adap gnusgnalreb amatrep naumetrep II sulkiS

kareg macam taubmem kutnu atnimid awsis ini naumetrep adaP .1102

malaD .rilagnem kareg nad ratup kareg ,lutnamem kareg utiay naumetrep

adneb hakapa nakitkubmem awsis ini - helo nakpaisid hadus gnay adneb

gnisam adneb kareg nagned iauses karegreb tapad urug - malaD .gnisam

gnay isatneserp atres kudorp nad ajrenik naialinep libmaid ini lah

.nakukalid

02 ieM 82 laggnat utbaS irah adaP adaP .audek naumetrep naktujnalid 11

nagned iauses nakisatneserpmem kutnu atnimid awsis audek naumetrep

gnisam kopmolek - nad bawaj aynat nakukalem awsis naidumek ,gnisam

kareg nad ratup kareg ,lutnamem kareg gnatnet napaggnat irebmem

nagned iauses rilagnem adap naialineP .nakukalid hadus gnay naabocrep

atres isatneserp roks ,kudorp nad ajrenik roks naktabilem ini naumetrep

.II sulkis rihka adap silutret isaulave roks

.c isavresbO

narajalebmep itukignem tagnames hibel kapmat awsis ini II sulkis adaP

gnay awsis nataigek adap kapman ini laH .I sulkis nagned nakgnidnabid

gnay sagut nakiaseleynem nad naabocrep nataigek malad fitka hibel

narajalebmep nahurulesek araceS .utkaw tapet nagned urug nakirebid

em awsis nakukalid gnay sativitka nad racnal nalajreb adap haragn

.tubesret narajalebmep


56

.d lisaH

set lisah ataD .silutret set nakanuggnem nakukalid II sulkis narukugneP

:tukireb lebat malad nakijasid II sulkis adap

1 lebaT 2 . lisaH ialiN II sulkiS isaulavE

oN I sulkis ialiN I MKK aY kadiT

1 08 √ 2 68 √ 3 08 √ 4 39 √ 5 08 √ 6 66 √ 7 08 √ 8 68 √ 9 37 √ 01 37 √ 11 001 √ 21 39 √ 31 06 √ 41 66 √ 51 39 √ 61 66 √ 71 001 √ 81 39 √ 91 08 √ 02 68 √ 12 08 √ 22 06 √ 32 08 √ 42 06 √ 52 08 √ 62 68 √ 72 37 √ 82 06 √ 92 68 √

halmuJ 9922 52 4 ataR - atar

ialiN 97 esatnesreP

nasatnuteK %68 %41


66

2N = n – 1N

= n 68 % - 57 %

= n 11 %

.e iskelfeR

nagnarukek kaynab hisam isavresbo nad ,naanaskalep ,naanacnerep iraD

naka alibapa raga ipakisid ulrep gnay kadit igal naitilenep nakukalem

tala napaisrep malad inkay naanacnerep pahat iraD .amas gnay lah idajret

nad ratup ,lutnamem kareg naabocrep nakukalem kutnu nahab nad

naabocrep nakukalem malad halada imalaid gnay natiluseK .rilagnem

natabmaH .ratup kareg haubes nakanugid gnay tala halada imalaid gnay

tapad gnay ada ketkarp nakukalem malad nakanugid gnay libom ,libom

iakgnat licek raseb anerak ratupreb tapad kadit gnay ada nad ratupreb

.isataid tapad hisam tubesret natilusek nad natabmah ipatet nakA .ador

natakednep naanuggnep halada idajret gnay aladnek uti nialeS

nad lautsketnok nad nakparahid gnay itrepes lisahreb ulales kadit

.tikides kadit gnay ayaib nakhutubmem rihka naialinep II sulkis adaP

nagned habmatid kudorp nad ajrenik naialinep irad helorepid naialinep

akam ,lamiskam roks igabid isaulave roks habmatid atres isatneserp

II sulkis rihka adap naialinep lisah iraD .II sulkis rihka ialin helorepid

atar ialin - narajalep nuhat upelK suisinaK DS 2 retsemes III salek atar

isidnok irad takgninem 1102/0102 atar ialin lawa - MKK nagned 95 atar

atar ialin I sulkis naitilenep adap ,46 - nad 86 idajnem takgninem atar

atar ialin II sulkis - halada helorepid gnay lisah takgninem hibel awsis atar


76

atar ialin awhab naklupmisid tapad akam ,97 - retsemes III salek awsis atar

paites nalisahrebek rotakidni tukireB .takgninem upelK suisinaK DS 2

: sulkis

1 lebaT 3 . ,lawA isidnoK ialiN nagnidnabreP ataD

II sulkiS nad I sulkiS

ataD lmJawsiS

ialiN ataR - atar

saleK

nasatnuteK halmuJ

awsissatnut

esatnesreP

isidnoK lawA

03 95 21 %04

I sulkiS 92 68 22 %57

II sulkiS 92 79 52 %68

naitilenep awhab iuhategnem atik ,II sulkis adap helorepid gnay atad iraD

pukuc nakataynid naitilenep nad nakparahid gnay tegrat iapacnem halet

.II sulkis adap iapmas

.B nasahabmeP

hadus gnay apa isitirkgnem ,ijakgnem abocnem silunep ini naigab adaP

tapad tubesret naijak lisah iraD .iapacid halet gnay lisah nad nakukalid

lah nakiaruid - :tukireb iagabes lah

1 lebaT 4 II sulkis nad I sulkis isaulave ialiN .

turU oNawsiS ialiN

nasatnuteK I sulkiS

ialiN

nasatnuteK II sulkiS

satnuT kadiTsatnuT satnuT

kadiTsatnuT

1 35 √ 08 √

2 66 √ 68 √


86

3 08 √ 08 √

4 37 √ 39 √

5 66 √ 08 √

6 35 √ 66 √

7 37 √ 08 √

8 37 √ 68 √

9 08 √ 37 √

01 08 √ 37 √

11 66 √ 001 √

21 68 √ 39 √

31 06 √ 06 √

41 66 √ 66 √

51 08 √ 39 √

61 66 √ 66 √

71 06 √ 001 √

81 37 √ 39 √

91 37 √ 08 √

02 66 √ 68 √

12 06 √ 08 √

22 06 √ 06 √

32 08 √ 08 √

42 66 √ 06 √

52 66 √ 08 √

62 37 √ 68 √

72 66 √ 37 √

82 66 √ 06 √

92 06 √ 68 √

halmuJ 0991 22 7 9922 52 4

ataR - atar 86

97 esatnesreP

nasatnutek %57 %52

%68 %41

isidnok irad awhab iuhategnem tapad atik ,sata id lebat nakrasadreB

, nakianek idajret II sulkis nad ,I sulkis ,lawa atar ialin iges irad kiab - atar


96

naknigniid gnay irad tegrat iapacnem halet gnay aynesatneserp nupuam

atar ialin naiapacnep I sulkis adaP .itilenep - gnay tegrat irad 86 atar

tegrat irad %57 esatneserp esatnesrep naiapacnep nakgnades ,46 nakparahid

rahid gnay .%01 rasebes esatneserp nakianek ini sulkis adaP .%06 nakpa

atar ialin naiapacnep naiapacnep II sulkis kutnU - gnay tegrat irad 97 atar

tegrat irad %68 esatneserp esatnesrep naiapacnep nakgnades ,07 nakparahid

awhab nakatakid tapad ,idaJ .%07 nakparahid gnay atar ialin iges irad - atar

.aynesatneserp nupuam

atar nakianek tapadret sata id 01 lebat adap atad sisilana nakrasadreB -

.II sulkis rihka nagned iapmas nagnalu ialin atar aynmulebes lawa ataD

atar ialin nakadnit aynada - libmaid gnay 95 halada awsis nagnalu lisah atar

nad amas gnay rasad isnetepmok adap nuhat utas amales ialin sisilana irad

atar ialin audek sulkis rihka adap - .97 halada awsis nagnalu lisah atar

aynada nagneD atar natakgninep - halet gnay awsis nagnalu ialin atar

tapad akam ini naitilenep adap nakutnetid halet gnay rotakidni iapacnem

.iapacret hasus awsis rajaleb isatserp natakgninep awhab nalupmisek kiratid

audek sulkis iapmas nakitnehid itilenep uti anerak helO .

nakanuggnem nakanaskalid halet naitilenep amatrep sulkis adaP

macam iretam nagned lautsketnok natakednep - utiay adneb kareg macam

awsis ini naumetrep naanaskalep adaP .gnidnileggnem kareg nad hutaj kareg

gnisam anamid kopmolek malad igabid - opmolek gnisam 4 irad iridret k

tapadnem awsis utas ,ini amatrep sulkis naumetrep adaP .awsis 5 iapmas

,37 ialin tapadnem awsis mane ,08 ialin tapadnem awsis amil ,68 ialin


07

nad ,06 ialin tapadnem awsis saleb amil ,66 ialin tapadnem awsis hulupes

ialin tapadnem awsis aud id nagnalu ialin helorepmem gnay awsis idaJ .35

22 kaynabes amatrep sulkis rihka adap laminim nasatnutek airetirk sata

hisam awsis 7 kaynabeS .awsis 92 irad %57 iapacnem uata awsis

irad %52 laminim nasatnutek airetirk hawab id nagnalu ialin helorepmem

.92 nad saisutna gnaruk hisam awsis aparebeb anerak nakbabesid ini laH

rihka adap set lisah ipateT .narajalep itukignem malad tagnamesreb kadit

atar ialin amatrep sulkis - gnay nagnarukeK .86 iapacnem awsis nagnalu atar

p sulkis narajalebmep sesorp malad iumetid ikiabrepid nakayapuid ini amatre

tapad ayapus lamiskam hibel tapad ayntujnales narajalebmep raga

narajalebmep malad akaM .awsis rajaleb isatserp natakgninep gnorodnem

kopmolek malad awsis igabmem halada nakukalid surah gnay audek sulkis

salek utiay ,licek gnisam kopmolek 8 iapmas 7 idajnem igabid - gnisam

tapad nakparahid naikimed nagneD .awsis 5 iapmas 4 irad iridret kopmolek

itukignem malad tagnamesreb nad fitka hibel raga awsis isavitomem

.narajalebmep

kanuggnem nagned nakanaskalid halet audek asulkis adaP na

macam iretam adap lautsketnok natakednep - utiay ,adneb kareg macam

nakukalid ini sulkis adaP .rilagnem kareg nad lutnap kareg ,ratup kareg

awsiS .awsis 4 irad iridret kopmolek paites kopmolek naigabmep nagned

nahab nagned naabocrep nakukalem malad fitka - hadus gnay nahab

hibel nad saisutna ,fitka hibel awsis ini audek sulkis adaP .nakaidesid

bawaj gnuggnatreb hibel atres kiab nagned nial awsis nagned iskaretnireb


17

iracnem fitka aguj awsis uti niales ,irajalepid hadus gnay apa padahret

ulkis adaP .isamrofni awsis agit ,06 ialin tapadnem awsis tapme ini audek s

tapadnem awsis napaled ,37 ialin tapadnem awsis agit ,66 ialin tapadnem

nad ,39 ialin tapadnem awsis tapme ,68 ialin tapadnem awsis amil ,08 ialin

tapadnem gnay awsis idaJ .001 ialin tapadnem awsis aud nagnalu ialin

kaynabes audek sulkis rihka adap laminim nasatnutek airetirk sata id nairah

helorepmem hisam awsis 4 kaynabeS .92 irad %68 iapacnem uata ,awsis 52

natakgninep idaJ .%41 laminim nasatnutek airetirk hawab id nagnalu ialin

ad amatrep sulkis adap malad aneraK .%11 iapacnem audek sulkis n

atar ,ini audek sulkis naitilenep - iapacnem halwet awsis nairah nagnalu atar

.naktujnalid kadit sulkis akam audek sulkis rihka nalisahrebek rotakidni

lebmep anerak sitsard nagned takgninem awsis nagnalu ialin nupadA naraja

lubmit aggnihes ,aynmulebes nagned nakukalid hanrep kadit nakukalid gnay

ada nakgnadeS .aynnakukalem kutnu awsis uhat nigni asar gnay patet

kisif nahalelek rotkaf anerak naknikgnumid nalisahrebek rotakidni hawabid

awsis aggnihes agar haloreb uata itkabajrek anerak naktabikaid awsis

I sulkisid patenem hisam gnay awsis adA .rikipreb hasus nad nahalelek

n nagned awsis utiay II sulkis nupuam nakbabesid ,22 nad 31 turu romo

narajalep itukignem malad natabmalretek imalagnem tubesret awsis anerak

gnay iretam ianegnem rikipreb malad tabmal uata tagnignem tilus utiay

tapadnem 82 nad 42 turu romon nagned awsis nakgnadeS .nakrajaid halet

c gnay ialin audek sulkis nad amatrep sulkis rihka irad nurunem gnuredne


27

uggnaggnem gnires audek sulkis rihka set itukignem taas nakbabesid ini lah

.narajalep nakitahrepmem hadit nad

1 lebaT 5 . lisaH iapacreT haleT gnaY nalisahrebeK rotakidnI

pait ialin helorepid akam sata id lebat iraD - gnay kana pait

tapad gnay nalupmiseK .II sulkis ek I sulkis irad natakgninep imalagnem

natakgninep imalagnem 92 halmuj nagned kana hurules halada helorepid

.naksaumem gnay lisah nagned II sulkis rihka adap

eB I sulkis rihka adap nakukalid gnay isaulave nakrasadr

rasebes MKK ihunemem gnay awsis awhab nakkujnunem 57 ini laH .%

nok adap nakgnidnabid takgninem isid ihunemem gnay awsis anamid ,lawa

4 rasebes MKK 0 naanuggnep awhab naklupmisid tapad ini sulkis iraD .%

ep lautsketnok natakedn aynnarajalebmep malad awsis naktabilem gnay

namahamep naktakgninem tapad adap iretam macam - adneb kareg macam

salek awsis III .upelK suisinaK DS

habueP rotakidnI isidnoKwA la

I sulkiS II sulkiS

tegraT lisaH tegraT lisaH isatserP rajaleb

awsis

atar ialiN - atar malad awsis kareg iretam

ihuragnepid nad kutneb

.naruku

95

46

86

07

27

esatnesreP awsis halmuj

iapacnem gnayMKK

%04

%57

%68


37

ihunemem gnay awsis awhab tahilid tapad II sulkis isaulave lisah iraD

daP .%68 rasebes MKK alib %11 rasebes natakgninep idajret ini II sulkis a

adap MKK ihunemem gnay awsis anamid ,I sulkis adap nakgnidnabid

rasebes I sulkis 57 .%

tapadret ini II sulkis adaP 52 .I sulkis irad kian aynialin gnay awsis

fitkaek ayntakgninem helo ihuragnepid ini laH malad ajrekeb taas awsis na

helorepmem tapad nad iretam imahamem hibel awsis ,kopmolek

naitilenep lisah natakgnineP .nakukalid gnay gnusgnal araces namalagnep

nagned narajalebmep awhab nakkujnunem ini lautsketnok natakednep

irad tahilid tapad ini laH .awsis rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem tapad

atar ialin ayntakgninem - .MKK naiapacnep esatnesrep nupuam salek atar

atar ialiN - lawa isidnok adap salek atar 95 6 idajnem I sulkis adap , 8 nad

pacnep esatnesreP .97 idajnem II sulkis adap lawa isidnok adap MKK naia

40 idajnem I sulkis adap ,% 57 .%68 idajnem II sulkis adap nad %

atar ialin halada rihka isidnok ek lawa isidnok irad natakgnineP - salek atar

irad 95 idajnem 97 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem , 02 esatnesrep nad

4 irad MKK naiapacnep 0 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem ,%68 idajnem %

.%64


47

V BAB

PUTUNEP

.A nalupmiseK

nakukalid halet gnay naitilenep lisah iraD nakanuggnem nagned

lautsketnoK natakedneP salek id upelK suisinaK DS III atam adap 2 retsemeS

ianegnem API narajalep macam - macam adneb kareg lisah tahilid tapad

:tukireb iagabes

.1 atar ialin lawa isidnok adaP - salek atar kaynabes 95 atar ialiN . - tubesret atar

hawab id adareb hisam 6 utiay MKK 4 nad nakadnit nakukalid haleteS .

in I sulkis adap ajrenik set nakgnutihrepmem apnat sisilanaid atar ial - atar

idajnem salek 86 6 utiay nakparahid gnay tegrat irad 4 haletes nakgnadeS .

atar ialin nahelorep II sulkis adap nakadnit nakukalid - idajnem salek atar 97

awhab naklupmisid tapad aggniheS .07 utiay nakparahid gnay tegrat irad

atar ialin - salek atar .naitilenep nakukalid haletes natakgninep imalagnem

.2 esatnesreP .%04 rasebes lawa isidnok adap MKK iapacnem gnay awsis

kadit nupuam nakgnutihrepmem kiab nakadnit nakukalid haleteS

gnay awsis esatnesrep I sulkis adap ajrenik set ialin nakgnutihrepmem

idajnem MKK iapacnem 57 % utiay nakparahid gnay tegrat irad %06 .

ahelorep II sulkis adap nakadnit nakukalid haletes nakgnadeS esatnesrep n

idajnem MKK iapacnem gnay awsis %68 utiay nakparahid gnay tegrat irad

57 p awhab nakkujnunem tubesret atad irad ,idaJ .% awsis halmuj esatnesre

natakgninep imalagnem MKK iapacnem gnay .

74


57

tapad tubesret atad iraD nagned awhab nalupmisek libmaid

nem nakanugg tapad lautsketnok natakednep naktakgninem rajaleb isatserp

awsis API narajalep atam adap ,upelK suisinaK DS III salek tsemes nuhat 2 re

1102/0102 narajalep iretam ianegnem macam - .adneb kareg macam

.B naraS

nep akam ,ini naitilenep nataigek lisah iraD nakirebmem tapad silu

: tukireb iagabes naras

.1 nial itilenep igaB

.a aynkadneh itilenep ,naitilenep nakukalem mulebeS nakpaisrepmem

itrepes gnatam nagned aynutauses alages ,naitilenep nemurtsni

aidem nad nakanugid naka gnay edotem gnay narajalebmep

.nakhutubid

.b raga I sulkis naitilenep nagned adej irebid II sulkis naitileneP p itilene

.lamiskam nagned II sulkis naitilenep naulrepek nakpaiynem tapad

.c nakaideynem ulrep itileneP nahab - nahabmat nahab nakanugid gnay

itilenep ,aidem tubereb awsis taas adap raga em tapad nakirebm

nialeS .nakanugid gnay aidem nahabmat gnay aidem aynkiabes ,uti

halada nakanugid .nakanugid nad tapad id hadum gnay nahab

.2 urug igaB

.a gnay narajalebmep nataigek nakanaskalem malaD nakhutubmem

inI .aynnakanuggnem urug aynkiabes aidem kutnu nakulrepid

nad naksalejnem malad urug nakhadumem awsis nakhadumem aguj

,uti nialeS .imahamem malad ulrep aguj urug aynkiabes


67

narajagnep edotem nakanuggnem kadit awsis raga isairavreb gnay

.hunej asarem hadum

.b gned aynkidid awsis kitsiretkarak ilanegnem aynkiabes uruG na kiab

ukal hakgnit lortnognem malad urug nakhadumem raga id awsis

.gnusgnalreb narajalebmep nataigek taas salek


77

AKATSUP RATFAD

.A )ayniagabeS nad ,halakaM ,ukuB( haksaN

.4002 .otnayraH III saleK rasaD halokeS kutnu sniaS :atrakaJ . .aggnalrE

.1102 .irS ,orotnaM P iulaleM awsiS rajaleB isatserP natakgnine

natakedneP K lautsketno D L nagne M edote I iriukn P ada M ata

P narajale D API i K DS suisina LK upe K sale S VI retseme G pane

T nuha A naraj 102/0102 .1 .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU:atrakaygoY

.7002 .kkd ijuP ,omonruP .orkiM narajagneP namodeP ukuB : atrakaygoY.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.7002 .ohorguN irA akinoreV ,iniR nagneD narajalebmeP niaseD III salek DS API narajaleP adaP lautsketnoK natakedneP

2 retsemeS .atrakaygoY .

aniW ,.dP.M ,ayajnaS .6002 . narajalebmeP igetartS anacneK :atrakaJ .aideM adanerP

.6002 ,orotnamuS .3 salek API umlI rajaleB oyA TIBRENEP : atrakaygoY.SUISINAK

.9002 .kkd ,orotnamuS API rajaleB oyA suisinaK : atrakaygoY .

.5002 .sneW nialnaT rajagneM igetartS ludoM . ,DSGP idorP : atrakaygoY.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,PIKF

.6002 .siluneP miT 3 salek DS awsis kutnu malA nauhategneP umlI atrakaJ .aggnalrE :

.1002 .artlU miT 3 saleK artlU akaJ . .itkahB asgnaW kifarG .TP : atr

.7002.lekniW narajagneP igolokisP .atrakaygoY . .idabA aideM

.DS API narajalebmeP nad iretaM .7002 .kkd ,S nidu ,artupataniW : atrakaJ.akubreT satisrevinU

77


87

.malA nauhategneP umlI nakididneP .7002 .otnayiR .akaj ,onomsiW atrakaJodnisarG :

.1102.onoyiW nakanuggneM nagneD rajaleB isatserP natakgnineP edoteM yrevocsiD - yriuqnI API narajaleP ataM adaP gnibmibreT

nagnanaC I iregeN DS V saleK S nuhaT 2 retsemeS namelnarajaleP 102/0102 . .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU:atrakaygoY

rakaygoY gnabaC suisinaK nasayaY ,at nautaS takgniT mulukiruK)PSTK( nakididneP 8002, .

.B tenretnI irad nahudnU

adap hudnuid napituK 102 teraM 82 laggnat 1 51:91 maj , : :64=di&elcitra=weiv&tnetnoc_moc=noitpo?/di.og.dsktptid.www//:ptth

rotkaf - rotkaf - gnay - ihuragnepmem - isatserp - rajaleb1=dimetI&mumu:43=ditac&kana

adap hudnuid napituK 102 teraM 82 laggnat 1 :91 maj , 73 naitregnep/50/10/9002/moc.sserpdrow.sbmotranus//:ptth - isatserp - /rajaleb

adap hudnuid napituK 102 teraM 82 laggnat 1 maj , 02 51:

isatnemelpmi/92/40/8002/moc.sserpdrow.bakp//:ptth - natakednep -lautsketnok - kutnu - naktakgninem - naupmamek - sativitaerk - awsis /)

adap hudnuid napituK laggnat 102 teraM 82 1 01:12 maj , natakednep/31/50/8002/moc.sserpdrow.setopi//:ptth - lautsketnok - uata -

lautxetnoc - gnihcaet - dna - gninrael - /ltc

laggnat adap hudnuid napituK 91 52:11 maj ,2102 iluJ .8002 .ytseH kutnu kitameT narajalebmeP ledoM isatnemelpmI

.rasaD halokeS id awsiS rasaD naupmameK naktakgnineMhalakaM gnutileB akgnaB .peK PMPL : gnutileB akgnaB .

.4002 .itayakuS napareT nakapureM DS id kitameT naarajalebmeP irad P udapreT narajalebme talkiD adap nakiapmasid halakaM .

atrakaygoY akitametaM GPPP gnabmegneP/rutkurtsnI /moc.topsgolb.tcaetirwknihtdaer//:ptth /10/1102/moc.isakudekilk.www//:ptth narajalebmep - snias - malad

natakednep lmth.


97


97

1 naripmaL

III SALEK DS KUTNU API NARAJALEP ATAM SUBALIS

nakididneP nautaS DS : upelK suisinaK naumetreP/laggnaT/iraH 1/1102 iraurbeF 51/asaleS :

retsemeS/saleK 2/III : narajaleP ataM API :

ameT/tinU adneB kareG : utkaW isakolA 3x2 : )pj2 ( tinem5

I SULKIS ek naumetreP : - ek naumetreP nad 1 -2 II SULKIS ek naumetreP : - ek naumetreP nad 1 -2

API isnetepmoK radnatS .4 : ,adneb kareg arac iagabreb imahameM aynnagnubuh rebmus nad igrene nagned .igrene

aisenodnI asahaB isnetepmoK radnatS : isiup nad anahredes nagnarak malad isamrofni nad ,naasarep ,narikip nakpakgnugneM .8

ataMnarajaleP

tiakreT rasaD isnetepmoK iretaM buS

kokoP narajalebmeP nataigeK rotakidnI naialineP rebmuS /rajaleB

aideM

API

naklupmiyneM .1.4 natamagnep lisah kareg awhab

adneb ihuragnepid nad kutneb helo

.naruku

adneB kareG nad hutaJ

gnidnileggneM

I SULKIS

ek naumetreP - : 1 rabmag nakkujnuneM

hutaj nad gnidnileggnem kareg gnatnet naksalejneM

hutaj nad gnidnileggnem adneb rabmag tahilem nagned

)naledomeP( paites kopmolek kutnebmeM

1.1.4 tapad kidid atreseP macam naktubeynem - adneb kareg macam

id ada gnay.ratikes nagnukgnil

2.1.4 kidid atreseP kareg imahamem

: set kutneB

seTsilutreT

ajreniK

: set sineJ

nahiliPadnaG

nad laoS( icnuk

nabawaj

.A rebmuS: rajaleb

.otnayraH .4002 sniaS kutnu

halokeS saleK rasaD

III : atrakaJ ..aggnalrE

.B : aideM


08

ana tapme kopmolek k )rajaleB takaraysaM (

gnay isartnomed itamagneM salek napedid urug nakukalid

adneb kareg naksalejneM nagned hutaj nad gnidnileggnem

nagned naabocrep nakukalem.kopmolekes namet )nakumeneM(

nad kutneb naksalejneMgnisam ayntafis - kareg gnisam

gnem adneb .hutaj nad gnidnileg

kareg naanugek naktubeyneM gnidnileggnem nad hutaj adneb

irahes napudihek malad - .irah

ek naumetreP - : 2

malad kusam kidid atresePgnisam kopmolek - gnisam

kopmolek paiT /ajrek lisah nakisatneserpmem

naumetrep natamagnep aynmulebes noK( )emsivitkurts

kareg iagabreb naksalejneM gnidnileggnem nad hutaj adneb

.abociju nagned iauses aynaT/naaynatrep nopsereM

nad hutaj adneb gnidnileggnem

.naabocrep iulalem

3.1.4 upmam kidid atresePlah naksalejnem - lah

ihuragnepmem gnay nad hutaj adneb kareg

adneb kareg gnidnileggnem

em .naabocrep iulal

4.1.4 tapad kidid atreseP naanugek iuhategnem nad hutaj adneb kareg malad gnidnileggnem

irahes napudihek - .irah

1.1.4 upmam kidid atrese P nakisartnomednem kareg abociju lisah

kareg nad hutajgnidnileggnem


nay ihuragnepmem g kareg nad hutaj kareg nagned gnidnileggnem

)ripmalret gnerelek SVH satrek itsak alob katok

sudrak napap

sulah ratad ajem riA


18

asahaBisenodnI a

API

.8 isiup siluneM 2

nakrasadreb nagned rabmag

gnay atak nahilip kiranem

naklupmiyneM .1.4

natamagnep lisah kareg awhab

adneb ihuragnepid helo

nad kutneb.naruku

taubmeM uata isiuP

atirec

adneB kareG nad hutaJ

gnidnileggneM

.nial kopmolek bawaj )aynatreB( taubmem awsis nad uruG

nalupmisek gnatnet isiup uata atireC siluneM

nad hutaJ adneB kareg.gnidnileggneM

isaulavE nakajregneM iskelfeR taubmeM

II SULKIS

ek naumetreP - : 1

,lutnamem rabmag nakkujnuneM rilagnem nad ratupreb

kareg gnatnet naksalejneM nad ratupreb ,lutnamem adneb

rabmag tahilem nagned rilagnem)naledomeP(

paites kopmolek kutnebmeMpmolek kana tapme ko (

)rajaleB takaraysaM gnay isartnomed itamagneM

salek napedid urug nakukalid

gnay naabocrep lisah.nakukalid

3.1.4

4.1.4 tapad kidid atreseP hotnoc naktubeynem

nad hutaj adneb.gnidnileggnem

.8 2 tapad kidid atreseP 1. uata isiup naksilunem

kareg gnatnet atirec nad hutaj adneb

nileggnem .gnid

1.1.4 tapad kidid atresePmacam naktubeynem - adneb kareg macam

id ada gnay.ratikes nagnukgnil

2.1.4 kidid atreseP kareg imahamem ,lutnamem adneb

rilagnem nad ratupreb.naabocrep iulalem


28

macam nakisartnomedneM - kareg tala macam ,lutnamem

rilagnem nad ratupreb nagned hadus gnay iteprop/tala

nakaidesid )naledomep(

kareg adneb kareg naksalejneM tnamem rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lu

naabocrep nakukalem nagned.kopmolekes namet nagned

)nakumeneM( nad kutneb naksalejneM

gnisam ayntafis - kareg gnisam kareg adneb ratupreb ,lutnamemrilagnem nad

kareg naanugek naktubeyneM kareg adneb ratupreb ,lutnamem

nem nad rilag napudihek maladirahes - .irah

: 4 ek naumetreP

malad kusam kidid atresePgnisam kopmolek - gnisam

kopmolek paiT /ajrek lisah nakisatneserpmem

naumetrep natamagnep aynmulebes )emsivitkurtsnoK(

kareg iagabreb naksalejneMadneb nad ratupreb ,lutnamem


ihuragnepmem gnay adneb kareg

mem ratupreb ,lutna iulalem rilagnem nad

.naabocrep

4.1.4 tapad kidid atreseP naanugek iuhategnem

adneb kareg ratupreb ,lutnamem

rilagnem nad maladirahes napudihek - irah

1.1.4 upmam kidid atrese P nakisartnomednem kareg abociju lisah ratupreb ,lutnamem

rilagnem nad



38

iuhategneM atrakaygoY gnomaP uruG uruG nolaC

( anailuY aM.A ,itnatsiR akI ) )iratseL irpA atnisaY(

asahaBaisenodnI

.8 siluneM 2 isiup

nakrasadreb nagned rabmag

gnay atak nahilip kiranem

taubmeM uata isiuP

atirec

gnem rila .abociju nagned iauses aynaT/naaynatrep nopsereM

.nial kopmolek bawaj )aynatreB( gnatnet isiup uata atireC siluneM

,ratup ,lutnamem adneB karegrilagnem nad

taubmem awsis nad uruGnalupmisek

isaulavE nakajregneM iskelfeR taubmeM

ihuragnepmem gnay kareg ,lutnamem

rilagnem nad ratupreb naabocrep lisah nagned

.nakukalid gnay

3.1.4 tapad kidid atreseP hotnoc naktubeynem

adneb ,lutnamemrilagnem nad ratupreb .

.8 2 tapad kidid atreseP 1.

iup naksilunem uata is kareg gnatnet atirec

adneb ratup ,lutnamem.rilagnem nad


48

2 naripmaL

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER

ek naumetreP I sulkiS -1

nakididneP nautaS upelK suisinaK DS :

saleK III :

retsemeS II :

tiakreT narajaleP ataM )ABPI nad akisiF ( udapreT API :

kokoP iretaM macaM : - adneB kareG macam

utkaW isakolA tinem 53 X 2 : )PJ 2(

.A isnetepmoK radnatS

API

.4 ,adneb kareg arac iagabreb imahameM aynnagnubuh igrene nagned

.igrene rebmus nad

aisenodnI asahaB

.8 nagnarak malad isamrofni nad ,naasarep ,narikip nakpakgnugneM

nad anahredes .isiup

.B rasaD isnetepmoK

API

1.4 adneb kareg awhab natamagnep lisah naklupmiyneM ihuragnepid

.naruku nad kutneb helo

aisenodnI asahaB

.kiranem gnay atak nahilip nagned rabmag nakrasadreb isiup siluneM 2 .8


58

.C rotakidnI

API

1.1.4 macam naktubeynem tapad kidid atreseP - gnay adneb kareg macam

ada .ratikes nagnukgnil id

2.1.4 gnidnileggnem nad hutaj adneb kareg imahamem kidid atreseP

.naabocrep iulalem

3.1.4 lah naksalejnem upmam kidid atreseP - ihuragnepmem gnay lah

iulalem gnidnileggnem adneb kareg nad hutaj adneb kareg

.naabocrep

4.1.4 iuhategnem tapad kidid atreseP nad hutaj adneb kareg naanugek

irahes napudihek malad gnidnileggnem - .irah

aisenodnI asahaB

adneb kareg gnatnet atirec uata isiup naksilunem tapad kidid atreseP 1.2.8

.gnidnileggnem nad hutaj

.D narajalebmeP naujuT

lejnep nakragnednem kidid atresep haleteS kidid atresep ,urug nasa

macam naktubeynem upmam - id ada gnay adneb kareg macam

.ratikes nagnukgnil

imahamem upmam kidid atresep ,isuksidreb kidid atresep haleteS

naabocrep iulalem gnidnileggnem nad hutaj adneb kareg

,irajalepmem kidid atresep haleteS naksalejnem upmam kidid atresep

lah - adneb kareg nad hutaj adneb kareg ihuragnepmem gnay lah

.naabocrep iulalem gnidnileggnem


68

,isuksidreb kidid atresep haleteS iuhategnem tapad kidid atreseP

napudihek malad gnidnileggnem nad hutaj adneb kareg naanugek

rahes i- .irah

.E rajA iretaM

macaM - .gnidnileggneM nad hutaJ adneb kareg macam

.F narajagneP edoteM

.a lautsketnoK natakedneP : narajalebmeP ledoM

.b rajaleB ,nasaguneP ,bawaj aynaT ,hamareC : narajalebmeP ledoM

isuksidreb /kopmolek

.G naaisunameK ialiN

.a amasajreK

.b awajgnuggnaT b

.c narujujeK

.d nairidnameK

.e nanilpsideK

.H hakgnaL - narajalebmeP hakgnal

.1 lawA nataigeK

naakubmep malas nad aoD

.awsis naridahek kecegneM

kutnu kisif nad sikisp araces kidid atresep nakpaiyneM

.narajalebmep sesorp itukignem )naledomeP (

.adneb kareg nagned nagnubuhreb gnay bawaj aynaT

)aynatreB(


78

.2 itnI nataigeK

)kana 5 iridret kopmolek pait( .kopmolek malad igabid awsiS

( )rajaleb takaraysaM

pahat kujnutep gnatnet urug nasalejnep nakitahrepmem awsiS -

kalid naka gnay naabocrep nakukalem pahat .naku )naledomeP(

nakukalem urug nagnibmib nagned kopmolek malad awsiS

macam gnatnet 1 rajaleb nataigek - .hutaj adneb kareg macam

)emsivitkurtsnoK(

kopmolekreb araces ajrek rabmel isignem awsiS

)rajaleb takaraysaM(

amasreb naklupmiynem urug nad awsiS - naabocrep lisah amas

pisnirp atres mukuh ,pesnok ,atkaf gnatnet isakifitnedignem nad

.naabocrep malad tapadret gnay ( )iskelfeR

awsis ajrenik naialinep nakukalem uruG

.2 rajaleb nataigek naktujnalem kopmolek malad awsiS

)rajaleB takaraysaM(

pahat gnatnet urug nasalejnep nakitahrepmem awsiS - pahat

.nakukalid naka gnay naabocrep nakukalem ( )naledomeP

nad tala libmagnem kutnu kana 1 naklikawem kopmolek paiT

.naabocrep malad nakanugid gnay nahab

b nagned kopmolek malad awsiS nakukalem urug nagnibmi

macam gnatnet 2 rajaleb nataigek - adneb kareg macam

!gnidnileggnem )iriuknI(


88

kopmolekreb araces ajrek rabmel isignem awsiS takaraysaM(

)rajaleb

amasreb naklupmiynem urug nad awsiS - naabocrep lisah amas

kaf gnatnet isakifitnedignem nad pisnirp atres mukuh ,pesnok ,at

.naabocrep malad tapadret gnay ) iskelfeR (

awsis ajrenik naialinep nakukalem uruG

.3 putuneP nataigeK

.1 laos nakajregnem kidid atreseP - nahital laos

.2 iskelfer nakukaleM

.3 iskA

kidid atresep ,fitkelfer naaynatrep utnabid nagneD nakutnenem

daket nad nasutupek utaus

.4 putunep malas nad aoD

.I iskelfeR

iagabes naaynatrep naudnap nagned nakiskelferem kajaid kidid atreseP

:tukireb

.a .imala nailak hisam gnay apa natiluseK

.b ?ini iretam irajalepmem haletes umnaasarep anamiagaB

.c l kadnit anamiagaB ?umtujna

.J iskA

utaus nakutnenem kidid atresep ,fitkelfer naaynatrep utnabid nagneD

daket nad nasutupek


98

.K pudiH napakaceK

.a lanosreP napakaceK

.1 ayacrep ,irid ialinem nad iagrahgnem :irid naradasek napakaceK

irid isnetop naka naradasek nad ,irid

.2 napakaceK ,isavresbo iulalem isamrofni ilaggnem :rikipreb

aynatreb nad ,acabmem

.b laisos napakaceK

.L rajaleB rebmuS

.a rajaleB rebmuS

.4002 .otnayraH III saleK rasaD halokeS kutnu sniaS : atrakaJ .

.aggnalrE

.III saleK DS kutnu sniaS rajaleB oyA :atrakaygoY .9002 .otnawuS

101 :namalaH .suisinaK - 601

V saleK DS kutnu malA nauhategneP umlI .noitacude rof gkb .

36:namalaH .aggnalrE :atrakaJ .6002 - 56

.b agareP talA

- ajem ,sulah napap ,sudrak katok ,itsak alob ,gnerelek ,SVH satreK

siraggnep ,ratad

.M alineP rajaleB lisah nai

.a ilutret seT .mutnacret nabawaj nad laoS : s


09

,iuhategneM .……………………upelK

gnomaP /saleK uruG awsisahaM

) aM .A ,itnatsiR akI anailuY ( ) iratseL irpA atnisaY (


19

3 naripmaL

AWSIS AJREK RABMEL



saleK III :

retsemeS II :



akolA utkaW is )PJ 2( tinem 53 X 2 :

.I ROTAKIDNI

API


.ratikes nagnukgnil id ada

2.1.4 gnidnileggnem nad hutaj adneb kareg imahamem kidid atreseP

.naabocrep iulalem


hutaj adneb kareg iulalem gnidnileggnem adneb kareg nad

.naabocrep

4.1.4 nad hutaj adneb kareg naanugek iuhategnem tapad kidid atreseP

irahes napudihek malad gnidnileggnem - .irah

aisenodnI asahaB


hutaj gnidnileggnem nad


29

.II KUJNUTEP

!ini SKL halacaB

gnisam kopmolek haltauB - !kana 5 iapmas 4 gnisam

!umkopmolek namet nagned ini SKL nakajreK

.III RAJALEB NATAIGEK

.A 1 rajaleB nataigeK

adneb naktubeS - ?tubesret rabmag malad id ada gnay adneb

gnisam naktubeS - gnisam ?tubesret rabmag naanugek

.B 2 rajaleB nataigeK

!ini hawab id naabocrep nakukaL

nahab nad talA

SVH satrek rabmel auD

hakgnaL - nataigeK hakgnal

.1 ,alob kutnebreb aggnih SVH satrek rabmeles halsameR

.samerid kadit nial gnay satrek nakgnades

.2 iggnit satrek kutneb audek haltakgnA - .iggnit adap ,naidumeK

.naksapel ,naamasreb taas

.3 .satrek narabmel nad satrek alob hutaj kareg itamA

naaynatreP

.1 uata satrek alob ,hanat ek iapmas hutaj ulud hibel gnay hakanaM

?satrek narabmel

. . . . . . . . . : bawaJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


39

.2 ?umnalupmisek apA

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

.C 2 rajaleB nataigeK

ini hawabid naabocrep nakukaL

.nahaB nadtalA

gnerelek

sudrak katok

sulah napap

ratad ajeM

hakgnaL - hakgnal

.a nad gnirim kadit ajem nakitsap ,umsalek ajem nakpaiS

gnayogreb

.b napap nakanuggnem nagned gnirim nasatnil haubes haltauB

.nakaidesid hadus gnay sudrak uata

.c nahat nad iggnit hibel gnay napap gnujuid gnerelek nakkateL

.siraggnep nagned

.d gned siraggnep haltakgnA .tapec na

.e ?tubesret gnerelek nagned idajret naka gnay hakapa nakitahreP

: naaynatreP

o ?gnerelek gnujuid isisop adap gnerelek kareg anamiagaB

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


49

o jret naka gnay apa naksapelid siraggnep haleteS gnerelek nagned ida

?tubesret

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

o ?tubesret napap irad sapelret haletes gnerelek kareg anamiagaB

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

o gnay kareg sinej apareb adA ?naktubes ,nakumet umak

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

.VI ISKELFER

.1 ?imala nailak hisam gnay apa natiluseK

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

.2 irajalepmem haletes umnaasarep anamiagaB ?ini iretam

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

.3 ?umtujnal kadnit anamiagaB

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


59

4 naripmaL




saleK III :

retsemeS II :



utkaW isakolA )PJ 2( tinem 53 X 2 :


API

.4 arac iagabreb imahameM ,adneb kareg aynnagnubuh igrene nagned

.igrene rebmus nad

aisenodnI asahaB

.8 nad ,naasarep ,narikip nakpakgnugneM nagnarak malad isamrofni

.isiup nad anahredes

.B rasaD isnetepmoK

API


helo .naruku nad kutneb

aisenodnI asahaB

d rabmag nakrasadreb isiup siluneM 2 .8 kiranem gnay atak nahilip nagne


69

.C rotakidnI

API

1.1.4 hutaj kareg abociju lisah nakisartnomednem upmam kidid atrese P

gnidnileggnem kareg nad

2.1.4 lah naksalejnem upmam kidid atreseP - gnay lah kareg ihuragnepmem

gnay naabocrep lisah nagned gnidnileggnem kareg nad hutaj

.nakukalid

3.1.4 nad hutaj adneb hotnoc naktubeynem tapad kidid atreseP

.gnidnileggnem

aisenodnI asahaB

1.2.8 adneb kareg gnatnet atirec uata isiup naksilunem tapad kidid atreseP

.gnidnileggnem nad hutaj


kidid atresep ,urug nasalejnep nakragnednem kidid atresep haleteS

nad hutaj kareg abociju lisah nakisartnomednem upmam

.gnidnileggnem

upmam upmam kidid atresep ,isuksidreb kidid atresep haleteS

reg naksalejnem naabocrep iulalem gnidnileggnem nad hutaj adneb ka

naktubeynem tapad kidid atresep ,irajalepmem kidid atresep haleteS

nagnukgnilid ada gnay gnidnileggnem adneb nad hutaj adneb hotnoc

.ratikes

.E rajA iretaM



79

.F neP edoteM narajag

.a lautsketnoK natakedneP : narajalebmeP ledoM

.b rajaleB ,nasaguneP ,bawaj aynaT ,hamareC : narajalebmeP ledoM

isuksidreb /kopmolek

.E naaisunameK ialiN

amasajreK

bawajgnuggnaT

narujujeK

nairidnameK

nanilpsideK

.F hakgnaL - narajalebmeP hakgnal

.A lawA nataigeK



itukignem kutnu kisif nad sikisp araces kidid atresep nakpaiyneM

.narajalebmep sesorp )naledomeP (

.adneb kareg nagned nagnubuhreb gnay bawaj aynaT ) aynatreB (

.B itnI nataigeK

am kidid atreseP gnisam kopmolek maladek kus - gnisam

) rajaleB takaraysaM (


89

napedek niramek isuksid lisah nakisatneserpmem kidid atreseP

.napaggnat irebmem nial kopmolek nad aynmulebes salek

)gninoitseuq(

.nial kopmolek bawaj aynaT/naaynatrep nopserem kidid atreseP

)aynatreB(

nalupmisek taubmem awsis nad uruG

adneb kareg gnatnet laos nahital nakajregnem awsiS ( citnehtnua

)tnemssessa

iskelfeR taubmeM )iskelfeR(

.C putuneP nataigeK

laos nakajregnem kidid atreseP - nahitaL laos )aynatreB (

iskelfer nakukaleM

iskA

nakutnenem kidid atresep ,fitkelfer naaynatrep utnabid nagneD

daket nad nasutupek utaus ) iskelfeR (

putunep malas nad aoD

.G iskelfeR


:tukireb

?imala nailak hisam gnay apa natiluseK

amiagaB ?ini iretam irajalepmem haletes umnaasarep an

?umtujnal kadnit anamiagaB


99

.H iskA


.daket nad nasutupek

.I pudiH napakaceK


,irid ialinem nad iagrahgnem :irid naradasek napakaceK ayacrep


,isavresbo iulalem isamrofni ilaggnem :rikipreb napakaceK


.b laisos napakaceK

.L rajaleB rebmuS

.a rajaleB rebmuS


.aggnalrE

oyA .III saleK DS kutnu sniaS rajaleB :atrakaygoY .9002 .otnawuS


.V saleK DS kutnu malA nauhategneP umlI .noitacude rof gkb


.b agareP talA

h napap ,sudrak katok ,itsak alob ,gnerelek ,SVH satreK ajem ,sula

siraggnep ,ratad

.M rajaleB lisah naialineP

.a .mutnacret nabawaj nad laoS : silutret seT


001

,iuhategneM .……………………,upelK


)aM.A ,itnatsiR akI anailuY( )iratseL irpA atnisaY(


101

5 naripmaL

AWSIS AJREK RABMEL



saleK III :

retsemeS II :


kokoP iretaM : macaM - adneB kareG macam


.I ROTAKIDNI

API

1.1.4 hutaj kareg abociju lisah nakisartnomednem upmam kidid atrese P

gnidnileggnem kareg nad

2.1.4 lah naksalejnem upmam kidid atreseP - kareg ihuragnepmem gnay lah

kareg nad hutaj gnay naabocrep lisah nagned gnidnileggnem

.nakukalid

3.1.4 nad hutaj adneb hotnoc naktubeynem tapad kidid atreseP

.gnidnileggnem

aisenodnI asahaB


gnidnileggnem nad hutaj


201

.II KUJNUTEP

halacaB !ini SKL




.1 1 rajaleb nataigeK

nakukalid gnay natamagnep /ajrek lisah nakisatneserP

!salek naped id umkopmolek


napaggnat halireB lisah nakisatneerpmem gnay umnamet adapek

adap ilutid aguj napaggnat /silutret nad nasil araces( !aynajrek

)satrek


macam gnatnet atirec uata isiup haltauB - adneb kareg macam

.hutaj nad gnidnileggnem

.VI ISKELFER

.1 apa natiluseK ?imala nailak hisam gnay

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

.2 ?ini iretam irajalepmem haletes umnaasarep anamiagaB

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


. . . . . . . . . . . .: bawaJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


301

6 naripmaL


ek naumetreP II sulkiS -1


saleK III :

retsemeS II :

)ABPI nad akisiF ( udapreT API :tiakreT narajaleP ataM

kokoP iretaM macaM : - eG macam adneB kar



API


.igrene rebmus nad

aisenodnI asahaB


nad anahredes .isiup

.B rasaD isnetepmoK

API



aisenodnI asahaB

kiranem gnay atak nahilip nagned rabmag nakrasadreb isiup siluneM 2 .8


401

.C rotakidnI

API

1.1.4 naktubeynem tapad kidid atreseP macam - gnay adneb kareg macam


2.1.4 nad ratupreb ,lutnamem adneb kareg imahamem kidid atreseP

.naabocrep iulalem rilagnem


crep iulalem rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem adneb kareg .naabo

4.1.4 adneb kareg naanugek iuhategnem tapad kidid atreseP ,lutnamem

rilagnem nad ratupreb irahes napudihek malad - irah

aisenodnI asahaB


.rilagnem nad ratup ,lutnamem

.D naujuT narajalebmeP


macam naktubeynem upmam - id ada gnay adneb kareg macam

.ratikes nagnukgnil

imahamem upmam kidid atresep ,isuksidreb kidid atresep haleteS

naabocrep iulalem rilagnem nad ratup ,lutnamem adneb kareg

naksalejnem upmam kidid atresep ,irajalepmem kidid atresep haleteS

lah - nad ratup ,lutnamem adneb kareg ihuragnepmem gnay lah

rilagnem .naabocrep iulalem


501

,isuksidreb kidid atresep haleteS iuhategnem tapad kidid atreseP

napudihek malad rilagnem nad ratup ,lutnamem adneb kareg naanugek

irahes - .irah

.E rajA iretaM



lebmeP ledoM lautsketnoK natakedneP : naraja

rajaleB ,nasaguneP ,bawaj aynaT ,hamareC : narajalebmeP ledoM

suksidreb /kopmolek i


amasajreK

bawajgnuggnaT

narujujeK

nairidnameK

nanilpsideK


.A lawA nataigeK

malas nad aoD naakubmep



.narajalebmep sesorp ) naledomeP (



601

.B itnI nataigeK

rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem rabmag nakkujnunem uruG

) naledomeP (

em kidid atreseP ratupreb ,lutnamem adneb kareg gnatnet naksalejn

rabmag tahilem nagned rilagnem nad )emsivirtnoK(

kana tapme kopmolek paites kopmolek kutnebmem kidid atreseP

( )rajaleB takaraysaM

napedid urug nakukalid gnay isartnomed itamagnem kidid atreseP

salek ) naledomeP (

macam nakisartnomednem kidid atreseP - kareg tala macam

rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem hadus gnay iteprop/tala nagned

nakaidesid )naledomep(

idid atreseP kareg adneb kareg naksalejnem k ratupreb ,lutnamem

rilagnem nad namet nagned naabocrep nakukalem nagned

kopmolekes . )nakumeneM(

gnisam ayntafis nad kutneb naksalejnem kidid atreseP - gnisam

kareg adneb kareg .rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem )iriuknI(

kareg adneb kareg naanugek naktubeynem kidid atreseP

rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem irahes napudihek malad - .irah

)emsivurtnoK (

.kopmolekreb araces SKL nakajregnem kidid atreseP

.C putuneP nataigeK

laos nakajregnem kidid atreseP - nahital laos


701

nakukaleM iskelfer

iskA


daket nad nasutupek utaus


.I iskelfeR


:tukireb


?ini iretam irajalepmem haletes umnaasarep anamiagaB


.J iskA



.K pudiH napakaceK


nad iagrahgnem :irid naradasek napakaceK ayacrep ,irid ialinem




.b laisos napakaceK


801

.L rajaleB rebmuS

.a rajaleB rebmuS


.aggnalrE

III saleK DS kutnu sniaS rajaleB oyA :atrakaygoY .9002 .otnawuS .


.V saleK DS kutnu malA nauhategneP umlI .noitacude rof gkb


.b agareP talA

mel ,SVH satrek ,gnopmip alob ,lekeb aloB nad ,auqa lotob ,tawak ,

.ria



,iuhategneM .……………………upelK




901

7 naripmaL

AWSIS AJREK RABMEL

ek naumetreP II sulkiS -1


saleK III :

retsemeS II :


kokoP iretaM macaM : - macam adneB kareG


.I ROTAKIDNI

API



2.1.4 nad ratupreb ,lutnamem adneb kareg imahamem kidid atreseP

.naabocrep iulalem rilagnem

3.1.4 kidid atreseP lah naksalejnem upmam - ihuragnepmem gnay lah

.naabocrep iulalem rilagnem nad ratupreb ,lutnamem adneb kareg

4.1.4 adneb kareg naanugek iuhategnem tapad kidid atreseP ,lutnamem

rilagnem nad ratupreb irahes napudihek malad - irah

aisenodnI asahaB

kidid atreseP 1.2.8 adneb kareg gnatnet atirec uata isiup naksilunem tapad



011

.II KUJNUTEP

!ini SKL halacaB


L nakajreK !umkopmolek namet nagned ini SK


.A 1 rajaleB nataigeK

naktubeS adneb - ?tubesret rabmag malad id ada gnay adneb

gnisam naktubeS - ?tubesret rabmag naanugek gnisam

.B 2 rajaleB nataigeK

!ini hawab id naabocrep nakukaL

nahab nad talA

lekeb aloB

gnopmip aloB

hakgnaL - nataigeK hakgnal

gnopmip alob nad lekeb alob halibmA

haltakgnA .nailak akum naped iapmas iggnit

.naamasreb tubesret alob naksapeL

.tubesret alob audek kareg itamA

naaynatreP

?naksapelid tubesret alob audek alib idajret naka gnay apA

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :bawaJ

?hanatek hutaj tapec hibel gnay anam aloB

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :bawaJ


111

?hanat ek hutaj tubesret alob alib idajret naka gnay apA

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

?umnalupmisek apA

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

.C 3 rajaleB nataigeK

!ini hawabid naabocrep nakukaL

.nahaB nad talA

SVH satrek

tawak

mel

natodes

hakgnaL - hakgnal

.1 .nakanugid naka gnay tala aumes nakpaiS

.2 nakutnetid hadus gnay alop nagned tubesret satrek halkutneB

.umurug helo

.3 iapmas tubesret satrek alop mel nad gnitnuG naritik kutnebmem

.4 .tawak nagned tubesret satrek gnuju ireB

.5 .idajret naka gnay apa halitamA

: naaynatreP

o ?kutnebid haletes tubesret satrek alop anamiagaB

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

o ?idajret naka gnay apa ratupid tubesret naritik aliB

bawaJ . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


211

o ?umnalupmisek anamiagaB

. . . . : bawaJ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.D 4 rajaleB nataigeK

!ini hawabid naabocrep nakukaL

.nahaB nadtalA

auqa lotoB

ria

hakgnaL - hakgnal

.1 .nakanugid naka gnay tala aumes nakpaiS

.2 lotob libmA .gnitnug uata ukap nagned ignabul nad auqa

.3 ria nagned auqa lotob halisI

.4 ?idajret naka gnay hakapA

: naaynatreP

o ?pututid ayngnabul alib ria isiid alib auqa lotob anamiagaB

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

o apa,akubid lotob gnabul aliB ?idajret naka gnay

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

o ?tubesret kareg sinej apA

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ

o ?umnalupmisek anamiagaB

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


311

.VI ISKELFER

.1 ilak hisam gnay apa natiluseK ?imala na

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


411

naripmaL 8


umetreP II sulkiS ek na -2


saleK III :

retsemeS II :



utkaW isakolA tinem 53 X 2 : )PJ 2(


API


.igrene rebmus nad

aisenodnI asahaB


.isiup nad anahredes

.B rasaD isnetepmoK

API



aisenodnI asahaB

d rabmag nakrasadreb isiup siluneM 2 .8 kiranem gnay atak nahilip nagne


511

.C rotakidnI

API

4.1.4 kareg abociju lisah nakisartnomednem upmam kidid atrese P

,lutnamem .rilagnem nad ratup


gnay naabocrep lisah nagned rilagnem nad ratup ,lutnamem

.nakukalid

6.1.4 nad ratup ,lutnamem adneb hotnoc naktubeynem tapad kidid atreseP

.rilagnem

aisenodnI asahaB

1.2.8 adneb kareg gnatnet atirec uata isiup naksilunem tapad kidid atreseP




kareg abociju lisah nakisartnomednem upmam nad ratup ,lutnamem

ilagnem r .

upmam upmam kidid atresep ,isuksidreb kidid atresep haleteS

adneb kareg naksalejnem rilagnem nad ratup ,lutnamem iulalem

naabocrep

naktubeynem tapad kidid atresep ,irajalepmem kidid atresep haleteS

adneb hotnoc rilagnem nad ratup ,lutnamem d ada gnay nagnukgnili

.ratikes


611

.E rajA iretaM



lautsketnoK natakedneP : narajalebmeP ledoM

rajaleB ,nasaguneP ,bawaj aynaT ,hamareC : narajalebmeP ledoM

suksidreb /kopmolek i


amasajreK

bawajgnuggnaT

narujujeK

nairidnameK

nanilpsideK


.A lawA nataigeK




narajalebmep sesorp ) naledomeP ( .


.B itnI nataigeK

gnisam kopmolek maladek kusam kidid atreseP - .gnisam

)rajaleB takaraysaM(


711

napedek niramek isuksid lisah nakisatneserpmem kidid atreseP

at irebmem nial kopmolek nad aynmulebes salek .napaggn

( )gninoitseuq

.nial kopmolek bawaj aynaT/naaynatrep nopserem kidid atreseP

)aynatreB(

nalupmisek taubmem awsis nad uruG

adneb kareg gnatnet laos nahital nakajregnem awsiS ( citnehtnua

)tnemssessa

iskelfeR taubmeM )iskelfeR(

.C putuneP nataigeK

atreseP laos nakajregnem kidid - nahital laos

iskelfer nakukaleM

iskA


daket nad nasutupek utaus ) iskelfeR (


.I iskelfeR

naaynatrep naudnap nagned nakiskelferem kajaid kidid atreseP iagabes

:tukireb


?ini iretam irajalepmem haletes umnaasarep anamiagaB



811

.J iskA



.K pudiH napakaceK

.a napakaceK lanosreP

,irid ayacrep ,irid ialinem nad iagrahgnem :irid naradasek napakaceK

irid isnetop naka naradasek nad



.b laisos napakaceK

.L rajaleB rebmuS

.a rajaleB rebmuS


.aggnalrE

.III saleK DS kutnu sniaS rajaleB oyA :atrakaygoY .9002 .otnawuS


V saleK DS kutnu malA nauhategneP umlI .noitacude rof gkb .


alA .b agareP t

,auqa lotob ,tawak ,mel ,SVH satrek ,gnopmip alob ,lekeb aloB

.ria nad




911

,iuhategneM .…………………… ,upelK




021

9 naripmaL

AWSIS AJREK RABMEL

kiS ek naumetreP II sul -2


saleK III :

retsemeS II :

tiakreT narajaleP ataM BPI nad akisiF ( udapreT API : )A



.I ROTAKIDNI

API

1.1.4 kareg abociju lisah nakisartnomednem upmam kidid atrese P

rilagnem nad ratup ,lutnamem


,lutnamem gnay naabocrep lisah nagned rilagnem nad ratup

.nakukalid

3.1.4 nad ratup ,lutnamem kareg hotnoc naktubeynem tapad kidid atreseP

.rilagnem

aisenodnI asahaB




121

.II KUJNUTEP

!ini SKL halacaB




.A 1 rajaleb nataigeK

nakukalid gnay natamagnep /ajrek lisah nakisatneserP

!salek naped id umkopmolek

.B 2 rajaleb nataigeK

lisah nakisatneerpmem gnay umnamet adapek napaggnat halireB

adap ilutid aguj napaggnat /silutret nad nasil araces( !aynajrek

)satrek

.C 2 rajaleb nataigeK

macam gnatnet atirec uata isiup haltauB - adneb kareg macam

.hutaj nad gnidnileggnem

.VI ISKELFER

.1 natiluseK ?imala nailak hisam gnay apa

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . : bawaJ


221

01 naripmaL

LAOS I SULKIS

.A gnay nabawaj adap d uata ,c ,b ,a furuh adap )x( gnalis adnat halireB

!raneb gnilap

.1 bid rabmag halnakitahreP . . . . adneb kareg ,ini hawa

.a hutaj

.b ratupreb

.c gnidnileggnem

.2 . . . . arac nagned karegreb naka gnadnetid gnalib aloB

.a ratupreb

.b rilagnem

.c gnidnileggnem

.3 iriC - . . . . halada gnidnileggnem kareg iric

.a hawab ek surul rucnulem adneb

.b sata ek surul tapmolem adneb

.c naakumrepek gnayalem adneb

.4 !ini hawab id rabmag nakitahreP

221

01 naripmaL

LAOS I SULKIS


!raneb gnilap


.a hutaj

.b ratupreb

.c gnidnileggnem


.a ratupreb

.b rilagnem

.c gnidnileggnem






221

01 naripmaL

LAOS I SULKIS


!raneb gnilap


.a hutaj

.b ratupreb

.c gnidnileggnem


.a ratupreb

.b rilagnem

.c gnidnileggnem







321

j . . . . . naka alob akam gnadnet id ini alob aki

.a lutnamem ratupreb nad

.b gnidnileggnem nad gnayalem

.c gnayalem nad hutaj

.5 ini laH .tudusreb kadit uata radnub aynasaib naaradnek ador kutneB

. . . . anerak nakbabesid

.a rilagnem

.b hutaj

.c gnidnileggnem

.6 itneh karaj akam ,amas gnay nagnirimek irad nakgnidnilegid gnerelek akiJ

. . . . nasatnil adap halada kednep gnilap gnay gnerelek

.a tupmur nagnapaL

.b amas itneh karaj aumeS

.c remram iatnaL

.7 . . . aynnalaj naakumrep anerak gnidnileggnem tapad rotom adepeS

.a abreB ut

.b risapreB

.c sulaH

.8 samer uti haletes ,rabmel 2 satrek hallibmA - gnay satrek halsamer

gnay anam gnay satreK . tubesret satrek audek haltakgna naidumeK.1

. . . . .hanat ek hutaj tapec gnilap

.a satrek

.b nasamer satrek


421

.c audek - naamasreb hutaj aynaud

.9 . . . halada gnidnileggnem malad tapec gnilap naka gnay adneb kutneB

.a agitiges

.b narakgnil

.c katok

.01 adneb halada ini hawab iD - hawab ek sata irad nakhutajid alib gnay adneb

. . . . halada tapec gnilap aynhutaj

.a satrek

.b sapak

.c utab

.11 rilagnem ulales riA . . . . gnay tapmetek

.a iggnit hibel

.b gnubmec hibel

.c hadner hibel

.21 . . . . halada gnidnileggnem tapad gnay adneb kutneB

.a katok

.b agitiges

.c alob

.31 .nakkareg id . . . . hibel naka nagnir hibel gnay adneB

.a tilus

.b tilus kaga

.c adum h


521

.41 ujalem tapad naaaradneK nalaj id tabmal naka nad lapsareb nalaj id tapec

. . . . anerak utabreb

.a sulah utabreb nalaj nad lapsa nalaj

.b utabreb nalaj adapirad sulah hibel lapsa nalaj

.c .sulah utabreb nalaj nad rasak lapsa nalaj

.51 rak hawab ek hutaj naka sataek rapmel id akij adneb haubeS adneb ane

. . . ikilimem

.a kutneb

.b naruku

.c tareb


621

11 naripmaL

II SULKIS LAOS


!raneb gnilap

.1 . . . . tubesid sata ek nad hawab ek haragnem ulales gnay kareG

hutaj kareg .a

rucugnem karreg .b

lutnamem kareg .c

.2 . . . kutnebreb anerak ratupreb nakkareg id alib gnay adneB

agitiges .a

narakgnil .b

katok .c

.3 . . . . lutnamem tapad gnay aloB

.a gnereleK

.b lekeb aloB

.c kapes aloB

.4 . . naka iagnus maladek nakkusamid alib nuaD . .

rilagnem .a

gnidnileggnem .b

lutnamem .c

. . . . gnay tapmetek rilagnem ulales riA .4

iggnit hibel .a

gnubmec hibel .b


721

hadner hibel .c

!ini hawab id rabmag nakitahreP .5

. . . . . tubesret rabmag id ada gnay apa adneb kareg rabmaG

rilagneM .a

ratuP .b

lutnameM .c

.6 .nakkareg id . . . . hibel naka nagnir hibel gnay adneB

tilus .a

tilus kaga .b

hadum .c

. . . . adneb kareg ,ini hawabid rabmag halnakitahreP .7

hutaj .a

ratup .b

gnidnileggnem .c


821

.8 . . . . arac nagned karegreb iagnus riA

ratupreb .a

rilagnem .b

gnidnileggnem .c

.9 . . . . naka puitid alib nigna ricniK

ratupreb .a

rilagnem .b

gnidnileggnem .c

sared sura itukignem terak uharp nakanuggnem gnatnanem gnay agar halO .01

. . tubesid

.a gnaner

.b nayalen

.c marej mura

.11 . . . . karegreb naka hanat ek hutajret gnay aloB

ratupreb .a

lutnamem .b

rilagnem .c

.21 karegreb . . . . hibel naka adneB .rasak gnay naakumrepid

tilus .a

hadum .b

gnacnek .c

.31 . . . . halada tupmur sata id alob kareg kutneB

rilagnem .a


921

hutaj .b

gnidnileggnem .c

.41 . . . . halada karegreb hadum gnay adneB

rasak aynnaakumrep .a

alob kutnebreb .b

gnay adneb .c tareb

.51 . . . . arac nagned karegreb libom adoR

rilagnem .a

ratupreb .b

lutnamem .c


031

21 naripmaL

NABAWAJ RABMEL

1 SULKIS

ADNAG NAHILIP

A .1 A .6 C .11

C .2 B .7 C .21

A .3 B .8 C .31

B .4 B .9 B .41

C .5 C.01 C .51

II SULKIS

NAHILIP ADNAG

1 . C C.6 .11 B

2 . B B.7 .21 A

3 . B B.8 .31 C

4 . A A.9 .41 B

5 . A .01 C .51 B


131


231


331


431


531


631


731


831


931


041


141


241


341


441


541


641

OTOF

.1 rabmaG rajaleb malad napaisreP .2 rabmaG hutaJ kareG agareP tala nakpaiyneM nad gnidnileggneM kareG

.3 rabmaG gnidnileggneM kareG nakukaleM .4 rabmaG hutaJ kareG nakukaleM

.5 rabmaG SKL nad laos nakajregneM .6 rabmaG gnidnileggnem nad hutaj kareg rabmaG


741

.7 rabmaG rabmag naklepmenem awsiS .8 rabmaG rabmag naklepmenem awsiS lutnamem kareG rilagnem kareg

.9 rabmaG awsiS ratup kareg rabmag naklepmenem .01 rabmaG macam amiL - adneb kareg macam nad lutnamem ,rilagnem ,gnidnileggnem ,hutaJ

ratupreb

.11 rabmaG kareg iretam naksalejneM .21 rabmaG kopmolek malad SKL nakajregnem rilagnem nad ratup ,lutnamem


841

.31 rabmaG lutnameM kareG .41 rabmaG libom ador ratup kareG

.51 rabmaG rilagneM kareG .61 rabmaG salek napedid nakisatneserpmeM

.71 rabmaG seT nakajregneM .81 rabmaG set nakajregneM


PENINGKATAN PRE S TA S I BELAJAR M ENGGUNAKA N … · PENDEKATAN KONTEK S TUAL DALA M M ATA...

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Transcript of PENINGKATAN PRE S TA S I BELAJAR M ENGGUNAKA N … · PENDEKATAN KONTEK S TUAL DALA M M ATA...