Performance of Photovoltaic and Wind Hybrid Inverter

I.Daut 1, M.I. Fahmi 2 M. Irwanto3, C. Shatri4, M. Adzrie5

1Cluster of Electrical Energy and Industrial Electronic Sytem, School of Electrical System Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. ismail.daut@unimap.edu.my

2Cluster of Electrical Energy and Industrial Electronic Sytem, School of Electrical System Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. wan_iz@yahoo.com

This paper is presented to analyze the performance of Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Inverter at Kangar, Perlis. This analysis is based on the performance of PV, wind turbine, inverter & battery. The measurement of photovoltaic is for power and solar irradiance and the measurement of wind is for measure the voltage generate and the current when charging the battery through FSNW0.8KD inverter by using Fluke 345 and electrocorder. The data of solar irradiance & wind speed is from UniMAP weather station and from weatherlink software.

Keywords: solar irradiance, wind turbine, inverter, hybrid.

1. Introduction Nowadays, electric is a main use to people. In Malaysia, the production of electricity in 2010 is using 56%

Natural Gas, 36% coal, 6% hydro, 0.2% oil and only 1.8% Renewable Energy [1]. The using of renewable energy is still low. The wind and solar energy are omnipresent, freely available, and environmentally friendly that can consider used as sources for the energy supply in Malaysia. A renewable hybrid energy system consists of two or more energy sources, a power conditioning equipment, a controller and an optional energy storage system. These hybrid energy systems are becoming popular in remote area power generation applications due to advancements in renewable energy technologies and substantial rise in prices of petroleum products [2]. In this research will combine photovoltaic and wind to make hybrid system.

The wind energy systems may not be technically viable at all sites because of low wind speeds and being more unpredictable than solar energy. The combined utilization of these renewable energy sources are therefore becoming increasingly attractive and are being widely used as alternative of oil-produced energy. Based on the scenario, the cluster EEIES of University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) has doing the research on the analysis performance of the photovoltaic and wind with the FSNW0.8KD inverter at Kangar.

2. Methodology

2.1. Data of Inverter An FSNW0.8KD hybrid of inverter and controller is the main equipment used in this experiment. It

adopts dedicated microcomputer chip and non-contact control technology and has protection system. The main electric circuit adopts USA FC MOSFET and the most advanced intelligent power module IGBT, having good transient response and high efficiency in inverting. The technical parameters of the inverter are shown in Table 1.

188

2011 International Conference on Environment and Industrial Innovation IPCBEE vol.12 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore

Abstract.

Table 1: Technical Specification Data of FSNW0.8KD inverter

Type FSNW0.8KD DC Input Rated Capacity (kW) 0.8 Input Rated voltage (V) 24 Input voltage recommended range (V) 22 ~ 33 AC Output Rated capacity (kW) 0.7 Rated Voltage (V) 230 true sine wave Rated Frequency (Hz) 50 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) ≤ 3% (linear load) Voltage steady precision (V) 230 ± 3% Inverter efficiency (80% load) 85%

2.2. Experiment Setup The main equipment consist of PV module, Wind, FSNW0.8KD hybrid of inverter and controller,

battery, AC Loads and the measurement equipments with software consist of Electrocorder (Electrosoft), Weather Station (weather link), Fluke 345 clamp meter (Data Logger). These equipments block diagram is shown in Figure 1.

The weather station is used to measure the solar irradiance and wind speed of Kangar, Malaysia. The

weather station is set using weather link software, that can recorded every the solar irradiance and wind speed every minutes and the recorded solar irradiance and wind speed can be downloaded by using weather link software.

Four units of Uni-Solar PV module are used to generate DC electrical energy. Each PV module has rated maximum power of 62W, maximum current of 4.13A and maximum voltage of 15v. Each two units of PV module are connected in series and connected in parallel each other to be a PV panel. The PV panel has rated maximum power of 248W, maximum current of 8.26A and maximum voltage of 30V. The PV panel is used to charge the 24V battery and run the inverter. The AC voltage of the inverter of the inverter is used to serve the AC loads.

The wind are using Rotor diameter: 2.2m, Rated wind speed: 10m/s, Rated power: 450W, Rated voltage: DC24V, Generator: Three phase permanent magnet, Material of blade: Reinforced nylon/aluminium alloy, Start up wind speed: 2.5m/s, Cut-in wind speed: 3m/s, Quantity of blades: 3PCS, Rated rotate speed (rpm): 450, Tower altitude: 8m, Top weight: 34kg, Reductor of transmission: Centrifugal brake, Protection method: Automatic, Guyed steel pole/kg (8m height).

The electrocorder is used to measure the voltage of PV panel, the voltage of wind, the voltage and current of battery. The electrocorder is using electrosoft software, therefore it can record the voltage and current every minute and recorded value can be downloaded using the software.

The Fluke 345 is functions as a clamp meter, data logger and digital power meter. The hall effect clamp meter design makes measurement of dc current possible without the need to break the circuit.

Fig. 1: Experiment setup to analyze the Performance

PV MODULE

Weather Station (Weather Link)

WIND

FSNW0.8KD

Fluke 345 clamp meter

(data logger)

Electrocorder (Electrosoft*)

Battery

PM300 Power Analyzer (VPAS Lite)

189

The PMsoftware, th

3. ResulThe per

February 20February 20

3.1. PerfThe per

Fig 2 ssolar irradiahighest solaKangar is g

Fig 3 shanalyzer anpower geneis 77.5W. T

3.2 The peThe per

M300 power herefore the m

lt and Disrformance an011). The pe011).

formance orformance of

shows the peance at Kangar irradianceood to gener

hows the pod by using V

erates is 2.13KThe power ge

erformancerformance of

Fig. 2

Figure

analyzer is measurement

cussion nalysis of PVerformance a

of PV analyf solar irradia

erformance gar from 9ame is 1146 Wrate the electr

ower generatVPAS Lite soKW and the

enerate in Ka

e of Wind f wind in Kan

: Solar Irradia

e 3: Power Ge

used to meat can be reco

V powered sanalysis of w

ysis ance in Kang

of solar irradm to 5pm in

W/m² at 1.00 ric energy.

ted from theoftware. Thiaverage is 7

angar is more

ngar, Perlis o

ance data usin

nerate by pho

asure the ACorded every m

single-phasewind is done

gar, Perlis on

diance, the dclear day is pm and the

photovoltais data is take

78.91W. The e stable.

on 22 - 24 Fe

ng Weather Sta

otovoltaic

C load averaminute and d

e inverter is in 2 days (5

n 16 February

data is collec260KW/m² a

e lowest is

ic, this data en on 16 Febhighest pow

ebruary 2011

ation

age power. Itdownloaded b

done a half 5pm 22 Febr

y 2011 are sh

cted from thand the aver135 W/m².

is collected bruary 2011

wer generate i

1 are shown i

t is set usingby the softwa

day. (9am –ruary 2011 u

hown in the F

he weather srage is 625.0 The solar i

by using PMfrom 9am tois 83 watt an

in the Fig. 5

g VPAS liteare.

– 5pm of 16until 5pm 24

Fig. 2.

tation. Total6 W/m² Theirradiance in

M300 powero 5pm. Totalnd the lowest

and 6.

e

6 4

l e n

r l t

190

Fig. 4: This wind voltage data from the Electrocorder

In fig. 4 shown that the volts generates from the wind, this measured data directly to the electrocorder and using electrosoft software. The highest volt produce is 5.5volt at 11am 23 February 2011. These graph shows that the wind only produces a small voltage. Maybe in Kangar, there is a low wind (shown at Fig. 6).

The result shows data in Fig. 5 shows the graph taken from the measurement using fluke 345 Clamp Meter. The measurement take at the between inverter and battery when charging the battery. This means that the graph is charge the battery by using the wind that generates the power. The result show that the measure Amps (A) in average. The higher amps generate are 13.5A and not generate the voltage when in early morning.

Fig. 7 shows the speed of wind taken at 22 February 2011 until 24 February 2011 by using the UniMAP weather station at Kangar. The speed is just good for average energy generate. The highest speed is around 19km/h.

0246

17:5

7:45

20:0

0:45

22:0

3:45

0:06

:45

2:09

:45

4:12

:45

6:15

:45

8:18

:45

10:2

1:45

12:2

4:45

14:2

7:45

16:3

0:45

18:3

3:45

20:3

6:45

22:3

9:45

0:42

:45

2:45

:45

4:48

:45

6:51

:45

8:54

:45

10:5

7:45

13:0

0:45

15:0

3:45

Vol

t

Time

Wind voltage by Electrocorder

0

5

10

15

17:1

8:33

19:5

3:33

22:2

8:33

1:03

:33

3:38

:33

6:13

:33

8:48

:33

11:2

3:33

13:5

8:33

16:3

3:33

19:0

8:33

21:4

3:33

0:18

:33

2:53

:33

5:28

:33

8:03

:33

10:3

8:33

13:1

3:33

15:4

8:33

18:2

3:33

20:5

8:33

23:3

3:33

2:08

:33

4:43

:33

7:18

:33

9:53

:33

12:2

8:33

15:0

3:33

Am

ps (A

)

Time

Current Generated from the Wind

0

5

10

15

20

25

Win

d Sp

eed

(km

/h)

22 - 24 February 2011

WeatherLink

22. 23. 24.2

22.2 23.2 24.2

Fig. 5: Data of the current generated from the wind

Fig. 7: The wind speed measure using weather station 191

4. Conclusion The power generate from the PV are directly proportional to the solar irradiance. If the solar irradiance is

high, the power generates are higher. The wind voltage generates are also directly portpotional to the speed of wind.

The highest power generate is 83Watt from PV and the highest voltage generate from the wind is 13 Amps. The performance of the phovoltaic are good and the performance of wind are average at Kangar, Perlis.

5. Acknowledgement This research was supported by the Electrical Energy & Industrial Electronic Systems Research Cluster

(EEIES) of University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP).

6. References [1] Chen, W.-n. PV Status in Malaysia. Pusat Tenaga Malaysia.Fontes, Roque, & Maia. (2009). Micro Generation –

Solar and Wind Hybrid System. IEEE explore (6th December 2007).

[2] a, L. A., Cano, L., Cruz, I., Mata, M., & Llobet, E,PV–wind hybrid system performance: A new approach and a case study. Renewable Energy, 35 128-137 (2010).

[3] Nema, P., Nema, R. K., & Rangnekar, S. A current and future state of art development of hybrid energy system using wind and PV-solar: A reviewRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 2096–2103 (2009).

[4] Simoes, M. G., & Farret, F. A. Renewable Energy Systems Design and Analysis with Induction Generators.

[5] I.Daut, M.Irwanto & M.Irwan. Current Total Harmonic Distortion Analysis of Photovoltaic Powered Single – Phase Inverter. Paper presented at the Proceedings of 2010 National Conference on Science and Mathematics Application (SKASM2010).

192