PERPUSTAKAAN KU TTHi O -...
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Transcript of PERPUSTAKAAN KU TTHi O -...
P E R P U S T A K A A N K U i T T H O
3 OOOO 0 0 0 7 1 1 3 5 2
k o l e j u n i v e r s i t i t e k n o l o g i t u n h u s s e i n o n n b o r a n g p e n g e s a h a n s t a t u s p r o j e k s a r j a n a •
J U D U L : K E B E R K E S A N A N P E N G G U N A A N ON-LINE FORUM B A G I T U J U A N P E N G A J A R A N D A N P E M B E L A J A R A N U N T U K S U B J E K T E K N l K A L D I K A L A N G A N P E L A J A R D I P L O M A K E J U R U T E R A A N A W A M ( T E K N O L O G I ) K U i T T H O .
Saya
S E S I P E N G A J I A N : 2 0 0 3 / 2 0 0 4
N O R H A Y A T I B I N T I A B . R A H I M (760721-11-5206) (HURUF BESAR)
mengaku membenarkan tesis ( 'PSM/ Saijana/Dolrtor Falcafah )* ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn (KUiTTHO ) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut :-
Tesis adalah hak milik Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn. Perpustakaan Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan peitukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi. **Sila tandakan ( / )
SULIT
TERHAD
TIDAK T E R H A D
(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdaijah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti termaktub di dalam A K T A R A H S I A RASMI, 1972).
(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan).
Disahkan oleh,
( T A N D A T A N G A N PENULIS)
A lamatTetap: 20 . R U M A H M U R A H . K G . G E R T A K S E R A T U S . 2 2 3 0 0 K U A L A B E S U T ,
T E R E N G G A N U .
SmvP— (TAT^D A T A N G A N PENYELIA)
TN. H J M O H D S A f l L E H B. HJ. T A H A R Nama enyelia
( T A N D A T A N G A N ffiN^ELIA B E R S A M A ) E N . B E R H A N N U D I N B I N M O H D S A L L E H
Nama Penyejia Bersama
Tarikh : 06 OKTOBER 2003 Tarikh : 06 OKTOBER 2003
C A T A T A N : * Potong yang tidak berkenaan. ** Jika tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi
berkenaan dengan menyatakan sebab dan tempoh tesis ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD
• Tesis ini dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah dan Saijana secara penyelidikan, atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara keija kursus dan penyelidikan, atau Laporan Projek Saijana Muda (PSM).
" S a y a a k u i b a h a w a saya t e l a h m e m b a c a k a r y a in i d a n p a d a p a n d a n g a n s aya k a r y a ini
a d a l a h m e m a d a i da r i seg i s k o p d a n kua l i t i u n t u k t u j u a n p e n g a n u g e r a h a n
I j a z a h S a i j a n a P e n d i d i k a n T e k n i k d a n V o k a s i o n a l " .
T a n d a t a n g a n P e n y e l i a
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. H j . M o h d S a l l e h B . H j . T a h a r
T a n d a t a n g a n P e n y e l i a B e r s a m a :
N a m a P e n y e l i a B e r s a m a : E n . B e r h a n n u d & n B i n M o h d S a l l e h
T a r i k h : 0 6 O k t o b e r 20 f t3
K E B E R K E S A N A N P E N G G U N A A N ON-LINE FORUM B A G I T U J U A N
P E N G A J A R A N D A N P E M B E L A J A R A N U N T U K S U B J E K T E K N I K A L
D I K A L A N G A N P E L A J A R D I P L O M A K E J U R U T E R A A N A W A M
( T E K N O L O G I ) K U j T T f J P
N O R H A Y A T I B I N T I A B . R A H I M
L a p o r a n P r o j e k S a r j a n a I n i D i k e m u k a k a n S e b a g a i M e m e n u h i
S e b a h a g i a n D a r i p a d a S y a r a t P e n g a n u g e r a h a n
I j a z a h S a r j a n a P e n d i d i k a n T e k n i k D a n V o k a s i o n a l
F a k u l t i T e k n o l o g i K e j u r u t e r a a n
J a b a t a n P e n d i d i k a n T e k n i k D a n V o k a s i o n a l
K o l e j U n i v e r s i t i T e k n o l o g i T u n H u s s e i n O n n .
O k t o b e r , 2 0 0 3
i i
" S a y a aku i k a i y a in i a d a l a h hasi l k e i j a s a y a s end i r i k e c u a l i n u k i l a n d a n
r i n g k a s a n y a n g t i a p - t i a p s a t u n y a t e l a h s a y a j e l a s k a n s u m b e m y a " .
T a n d a t a n g a r i
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0 6 O k t o b e r 2 0 0 3
Ill
Teristimetua Buat Abah dan Ma Tersayang. Ab. Rahim Bin Khalilurahman
dan Hasnah Binti Mohamed
Buat Suami Tercinta
Wan Ahmad Fadillah Bin Wan Abdul Rahman
Buat Puteri Ibu
Wan Nur Adlin Khadijah
Semoga Dija akan beijaya dalam apa jua bidang, walaupun kita terpaksa berjauhan ibu sentiasa merinduimu. Bersama-sama kita
nantikan kelahiran ahli keluarga kita yang baru. Semoga kita sekeluarga akan berbahagia selamanya.
Buat Adik-adik Yang Diingati
Abdul Hadi & Azrul Hantf
Semoga adik akan berjaya di masa hadapan
"Pengorbanan kalian sentiasa disanjung tinggi sepanjang hayat"
iv
PENGHARGAAN
A l h a m d u l i l l a h se t ingg i - t i ngg i k e s y u k u r a n k e H a d r a t I lahi d i a t a s l i m p a h
k u r n i a d a n i z i n N y a d a p a t j u g a s a y a m e y i a p k a n p r o j e k t a h u n a k h i r in i d e n g a n
j a y a n y a . S a y a m e n g u c a p k a n s e t i n g g i - t inggi p e r h a r g a a n d a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a
E n . B e r h a n n u d i n B i n M o h d S a l l e h s e l a k u P e n y e l i a P r o j e k S a i j a n a , T n . H j . M o h d
S a l l e h B i n H j . T a h a r . s e r t a b u a t pen i l a i D r . N o r a i n i B in t i K a p r a w i d a n E n . Y u n o s
N g a d i m a n di a t a s s e g a l a n a s i h a t , p a n d a n g a n d a n d o r o n g a n y a n g t e l a h d i b e r i k a n
s e l a m a ini .
R i b u a n t e r i m a k a s i h j u g a d i u c a p k a n k e p a d a C i k S u r a y a H a n i B i n t i A d n a n
( p e n s y a r a h m a t a p e l a j a r a n M e k a n i k B a h a n D a n S t ruk tu r ) . T i d a k l u p a j u g a u n t u k P . M
N a w a w i B i n Y u s o f d a n E n . Y u s o f B i n M o h d N o r ( J u r u t e k n i k M a k m a l B a h a s a D a n
M u l t i m e d i a ) y a n g b a n y a k m e m b e r i k e i j a s a m a d i d a l a m m e n j a y a k a n k a j i a n ini.
A k h i r s e k a l i , p e n g h a r g a a n in i j u g a d i t u j u k a n k e p a d a s e m u a y a n g t e r l iba t
s e c a r a l a n g s u n g a t a u t i d a k l a n g s u n g d a l a m m e m b a n t u b a g i m e n j a y a k a n p r o j e k
s a i j a n a ini . K e i j a s a m a a n d a s e m u a a m a t l a h d i h a r g a i . T e r i m a K a s i h
V
ABSTRAK
K e w u j u d a n p e n g a r u h t e k n o l o g i m a k l u m a t (InformationTechnology) kini
m e n j a d i p e m a n g k i n k e p a d a p e r k e m b a n g a n m a k l u m a t d a l a m a p a j u a b i d a n g .
C o n t o h n y a d a l a m b i d a n g p e n d i d i k a n , p e m i a g a a n , p e r u n d a n g a n , p e n g u r u s a n d a n
s e b a g a i n y a . D a l a m d u n i a p e n d i d i k a n , p e n g a r u h t e k n o l o g i m a k l u m a t d a p a t
d i p e r k e m b a n g k a n lag i d e n g a n p e n i n g k a t a n d a l a m t a h a p p e n c a p a i a n p e l a j a r m e l a l u i
p e n g u n a a n t e k n o l o g i b e r b a n d i n g d e n g a n p e n d e k a t a n p e n d i d i k a n y a n g l a m a . T u j u a n
k a j i a n ini d i j a l a n k a n u n t u k m e m a s t i k a n s e j a u h m a n a k a h p e n g g u n a a n on-line forum
d a l a m p e n g a j a r a n d a n p e m b e l a j a r a n bagi s u b j e k t e k n i k a l di k a l a n g a n p e l a j a r K o l e j
U n i v e r s i t i T e k n o l o g i T u n H u s s e i n O n n ( K U i T H H O ) . K a j i a n d i j a l a n k a n t e r h a d a p
s u b j e k M e k a n i k B a h a n D a n S t r u k t u r bagi p e l a j a r D i p l o m a K e j u r u t e r a a n A w a m
( T e k n o l o g i ) d i s e m e s t e r 3. S e r a m a i 6 0 o r a n g p e l a j a r d ip i l i h s e b a g a i r e s p o n d e n u n t u k
k a j i a n ini . B a g i m e l a k s a n a k a n n y a , p e n g k a j i t e l a h m e m i l i h a p l i k a s i Internet
Classroom Assistant (ICA-Nicenet) s ebaga i f o k u s k a j i a n p e n g g u n a a n ' o n - l i n e f o r u m '
d a l a m p e n g a j a r a n d a n p e m b e l a j a r a n bag i s u b j e k t e k n i k a l . A n t a r a i n s t r u m e n k a j i a n
y a n g d i g u n a k a n o l e h p e n g k a j i b a g i m e n j a l a n k a n k a j i a n a d a l a h m e l a l u i soa l s e l i d ik ,
t e m u b u a l , p e m e r h a t i a n d a n a n a l i s i s k a n d u n g a n . S e l a i n i tu , p e r i s i a n S ta t i s t i ca l
P a c k a g e F o r S o c i a l S c i e n c e ( S P S S ) m e n g g u n a k a n s k o r m i n d a n n i la i p e r a t u s .
D a r i p a d a k a j i a n m e n u n j u k k a n p a r a p e l a j a r b e r s e t u j u d e n g a n p e r l a k s a n a a n
p e m b e l a j a r a n s u b j e k t e k n i k a l m e n e r u s i ICA-Nicenet. In i m e r u p a k a n basic platform
p a d a K U i T T H O u n t u k m e m p e r t i n g k a t k a n lagi p e n g a j a r a n d a n p e m b e l a j a r a n .
vi
A B S T R A C T
T h e e x i s t e n c e o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y h a s e n h a n c e d t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t
o f i n f o r m a t i o n in m a n y field. E x a m p l e a r e in t he sec to r s o f e d u c a t i o n , b u s i n e s s , l a w
a n d m a n a g e m e n t . In t he w o r l d o f e d u c a t i o n tha t t h e i n f l u e n c e o f I n f o r m a t i o n
T e c h n o l o g y c a n b e d e v e l o p e d a n d i n c r e a s e d t o w a r d s i m p r o v i n g t o t h e s t u d e n t
p e r f o r m a n c e u s i n g I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y . T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s s t u d y i s t o i d e n t i f y
s t u d e n t ' s u s a g e o f o n o n - l i n e f o r u m p l a t f o r m f o r t h e l e a r n i n g a n d t e a c h i n g o f a
t e c h n i c a l s u b j e c t M e c h a n i c s O f M a t e r i a l a n d S t ruc tu re , p u r s u e a D i p l o m a i n Civ i l
E n g i n e e r i n g ( T e c h n o l o g y ) a n d i n t h e t h i r d s e m e s t e r . W e a r e t a k e n o f 6 0 s t u d e n t s a s
r e s p o n d e n t s . T h e s t u d y u s e d I n t e r n e t C l a s s r o o m A s s i s t a n t ( I C A - N i c e n e t ) a n d f o c u s
o n o n - l i n e f o r u m . I n s t r u m e n t s u s e d o f d a t a c o l l e c t i o n w e r e q u e s t i o n n a i r e ,
o b s e r v a t i o n s , i n t e r v i e w s a n d c o n t e n t ana lys i s . S ta t i s t i ca l P a c k a g e F o r S o c i a l S c i e n c e
( S P S S ) V e r s i o n 10.0 is u s e d t o a n a l y z e t h e d a t a a t m e a n s c o r e , p e r c e n t a g e a n d t h e
v a l u e o f A l p h a C r o n b a c h . T h e r e s u l t s h o w s tha t r e s p o n d e n t s d e l i g h t t o learn a
t e c h n i c a l s u b j e c t u s i n g t h e ( I C A - N i c e n e t ) . T h i s wi l l b e p r o v i d e s a s a b a s i c p l a t f o r m
f o r K o l e j U n i v e r s i t i T e k n o l o g i T u n H u s s e i n O n n ( K U i T T H O ) t o u p g r a d e the u s a g e
t o w a r d s p e r f o r m a n c e i n c r e a s i n g i n l e a r n i n g a n d t e a c h i n g p r o c e s s .
vii
SENARAI KANDUNGAN
BAB PERKARA MUKA SURAT
PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS
PENGESAHAN PENYELIA
HALAMAN JUDUL
HALAMAN PENGAKUAN ii
HALAMAN DEDIKASI iii
HALAMAN PENGHARGAAN iv
ABSTRAK v
ABSTRACT vi
SENARAI KANDUNGAN vii
SENARAI JADUAL xii
SENARAI RAJAH xiii
SENARAI LAMPIRAN xiii
SENARAI SINGKATAN xiv
BAB 1 PENGENALAN
1.1 P e n d a h u l u a n 1
1.2 L a t a r B e l a k a n g M a s a l a h 4
1.3 P e r n y a t a a n M a s a l a h 7
1.4 P e r s o a l a n K a j i a n 9
1.5 O b j e k t i f K a j i a n 9
1.6 S k o p K a j i a n 10
1.7 K e p e n t i n g a n K a j i a n 10
1.8 D e f i n i s i K a j i a n 11
Vlll
BAB 2 SOROTAN PENULISAN
2.1 P e n d a h u l u a n 13
2 .2 P e n g a j a r a n B e r a s a s k a n K o m p u t e r 14
2 .2 .1 S t ra teg i P e n d e k a t a n Cir i -c i r i Pe r i s i an 15
2 .2 .2 P e n e r a p a n N i l a i M u r n i 16
2 .2 .3 S t ra teg i P e m b e l a j a r a n K o p e r a t i f 17
2 .2 .4 S t ra teg i P e m b e l a j a r a n K o l a b o r a t i f 18
2 .2 .5 P e m b e l a j a r a n A n j a l 2 0
2 .2 .6 P e m b e l a j a r a n B e r s e p a d u 21
2 . 2 . 7 P e m b e l a j a r a n P e n e m u a n B e r p a n d u 21
2 . 3 P e m b e l a j a r a n M a y a 21
2 .4 P e n g g u n a a n In t e rne t 2 2
2 . 5 P e n d i d i k a n S e c a r a Online 2 4
2 .6 K a j i a n t e r d a h u l u 2 8
2.6.1 Pembelajaran on-line 28
2.6.2 Nicenel 29
2 . 7 K e s i m p u l a n 3 0
BAB 3 METOD KAJIAN
3 . 1 P e n d a h u l u a n 31
3 . 2 R e k a b e n t u k K a j i a n 31
3 . 3 P o p u l a s i K a j i a n 3 2
3 .4 S a m p e l K a j i a n 3 2
3 .5 I n s t r u m e n y a s i 3 3
3 .5 .1 T e m u b u a l 3 4
3 .5 .2 P e m e r h a t i a n 3 4
3 .5 .3 A n a l i s i s K a n d u n g a n 3 5
IX
3 .5 .4 B o r a n g Soa l Sel idik 35
3 .6 Ana l i s i s K a j i a n 3 7
3.7 K a j i a n Rin t i s 38
3 .8 K a e d a h Ana l i s i s D a t a 39
3.8.1 K a e d a h 3 S u d u t ( M e t h o l o g i c a l T r i n g u l a t i o n ) 40
3 .9 P r o s e d u r K a j i a n 4 0
BAB 4 REKABENTUK PRODUK
4 .1 P e n d a h u l u a n 4 4
4 . 2 La ta r B e l a k a n g ICA Nicenet 45
4 . 3 K a n d u n g a n P r o d u k 4 5
4.3.1 Conferencing 46
4.3.2 Link Sharing 47
4.3.3 Document 47
4.3.4 Class Scheduling 47
4.3.5 Personal Mesas sage 48
4 . 4 C a r a P e n g g u n a a n P r o d u k 4 8
4 .4 .1 P a p a r a n D a l a m Nicenet D a n P e n g g u n a a n n y y a 4 8
4 .4 .1 .1 P a p a r a n U t a m a 4 9
4 . 4 . 1 . 2 P a p a r a n ' H o m e ' 5 8
4 . 4 . 1 . 3 P a p a r a n ' C o n f e r e n c i n g ' 59
4 . 4 . 1 . 4 P a p a r a n 'L ink S h a r i n g ' 6 0
4 . 4 . 1 . 5 P a p a r a n ' D o c u m e n t ' 6 2
4 . 4 . 1 . 6 P a p a r a n "Class S c h e d u l e ' 6 3
4 . 4 . 1 . 7 P a p a r a n ' C l a s s M e m b e r ' 6 4
4 . 4 . 1 . 8 P a p a r a n ' P e r s o n a l M e s s a g e ' 6 5
4 . 4 . 1 . 9 P a p a r a n ' C l a s s e s ' 6 7
4 . 4 . 2 . 0 P a p a r a n 'Edi t U s e r P r o f i l e ' 71
4 .4 .2 .1 P a p a r a n ' I C A F A Q ' 72
\
4 .5 I 'eni la ian I ' roduk 73
4 .6 Ke leb ihan I ' roduk
4 .7 K e l e m a h a n I ' roduk 7-!
B A B 5 A N A L I S I S D A N D A P A T A N K A J I A N
5.1 P e n d a h u l u a n 75
5 .2 U j i a n R in t i s D a n K e b o l e h p e r c a y a a n I n s t r u m e n K a j i a n 7 6
5 .3 A n a l i s i s D c m o g r a f i 76
5.3.1 J a n t i n a 77
5.3 .2 B a n g s a 77
5.4 Penggunaan ICA-Nicenet 78
5.4.1 B i l a n g a n R e s p o n d e n Y a n g M e l a y a r i Nicenet 79
5 .4 .2 K e k e r a p a n R e s p o n d e n Y a n g M e l a y a r i Nicenet 80
5 .4 .3 B i l a n g a n R e s p o n d e n Y a n g M e l a y a r i R u a n g a n 80
' C o n f e r e n c e ' ( P e r b i n c a n g a n ) D a l a m Nicenet
5 .4 .4 Nicenet D a p a t M e m b a n t u D a l a m P e n g a j a r a n 81
D a n P e m b e l a j a r a n
5 . 4 . 5 S e s e o r a n g Y a n g M e n d o r o n g R e s p o n d e n U n t u k 82
Melayri Nicenet
5 . 4 . 6 T e m p a t Y a n g B i a s a D i k u n j u n g i O l e h R e s p o n d e n 83
U n t u k M e l a y a r i Nicenet
5 . 4 . 7 T u j u a n R e s p o n d e n M e l a y a r i Nicenet 84
5 .5 P e n i l a i a n T e r h a d a p P e n g g u n a a n On-Line Forum D a l a m 85
P e n g a j a r a n D a n P e m b e l a j a r a n
5 .5 .1 M i n B a g i P e r b i n c a n g a n M e n e r u s i Nicenet 85
5 .5 .2 M i n B a g i K e l e b i h a n Nicenet 9 2
5 .5 .3 M i n B a g i P e n g g u n a a n D a n P e n g l i b a t a n P e n s y a r a h 9 8
Dan Instructor Dalam Nicenet
5 . 6 R u m u s a n 100
XI
BAB 6 KESIMPULAN, CADANGAN DAN PENUTUP
6.1 P e n d a h u l u a n 101
6 .1 .1 K e s i m p u l a n B a g i P e r v i n c a n g a n P e l a j a r M e n e r u s i 102
Nicenet M e n g e n a i S u b j e k T e k n i k a l
6 . 1 . 2 K e s i m p u l a n T e r h a d a p K e l e b i h a n Nicenet 103
6 .1 .3 K e s i m p u l a n T e r h a d a p P e n g g u n a a n D a n 104
P e n g l i b a t a n P e n s y a r a h Ser ta Instructor D a l a m
Nicenet
6 .1 .4 K e s i m p u l a n T e r h a d a p P a n d a n g a n P e l a j a r D a n 105
P e n s y a r a h T e r h a d a p P e n g g u n a a n On-Line Forum
M e l a l u i Nicenet D a l a m P e n g a j a r a n D a n
P e m b e l a j a r a n
6 . 1 . 5 K e s i m p u l a n T e r h a d a p B u d a y a P e m b e l a j a r a n 106
S e c a r a On-Line D a p a t M e m b a n t u D a l a m S u b j e k
T e k n i k a l
6 . 2 C a d a n g a n 107
6 . 3 P e n u t u p 108
BEBLIOGRAFI
LAMPIRAN
X l l
S E N A R A I J A D U A L
N o . J a d u a l T a j u k M u k a S u r a t
3 .1 L i m a P e r i n g k a t S k a l a L ike r t D a n T a f s i r a n n y a 3 6
3 . 2 T a f s i r a n M i n 3 9
3 . 3 K r o n o l o g i K a j i a n 4 3
5 .1 N i l a i A l p h a B a g i B a h a g i a n B D a n C 7 6
5 .2 B i l a n g a n D a n P e r a t u s R e s p o n d e n Y a n g 79
Melayari Nicenet
5 . 3 K e k e r a p a n B i l a n g a n D a n P e r a t u s R e s p o n d e n 80
Y a n g M e l a y a r i Nicenet
5.4 B i l a n g a n R e s p o n d e n Y a n g M e l a y a r i R u a n g a n 81
' C o n f e r e n c e ' ( p e r b i n c a n g a n ) D a l a m Nicenet
5.5 Nicenet D a p a t M e m b a n t u D a l a m P e n g a j a r a n 81
D a n P e m b e l a j a r a n
5 . 6 S i a p a k a h Y a n g M e n d o r o n g R e s p o n d e n U n t u k 82
Melayari Nicenet
5 .7 T e m p a t Y a n g B i a s a D i k u n j u n g i O l e h R e s p o n d e n 83
U n t u k M e l a y a r i Nicenet
5 . 8 T u j u a n R e s p o n d e n M e l a y a r i Nicenet 84
5 .9 A n a l i s i s M i n B a g i P e r b i n c a n g a n M e n e r u s i Nicenet 86
5 . 1 0 A n a l i s i s M i n B a g i K e l e b i h a n Nicenet 9 2
5 . 1 1 A n a l i s i s M i n B a g i P e n g g u n a a n D a n P e n g l i b a t a n 9 8
P e n s y a r a h S e r t a ' I n s t r u c t o r ' D a l a m Nicenet
x m
S E N A R A I R A J A H
No . R a j a h T a j u k M u k a S u r a t
3.1 T a t a c a r a K e i j a 41
5 .1 P e r a t u s B i l a n g a n R e s p o n d e n M e n g i k u t J a n t i n a 77
5 .2 P e r a t u s B i l a n g a n R e s p o n d e n M e n g i k u t B a n g s a 78
SENARAI LAMPIRAN
A B o r a n g Soa l S e l i d i k
B K e p u t u s a n K a j i a n R i n t i s
C K e p u t u s a n D a t a
D Paparan Conferencing
E Paparan Document
F L a i n - l a i n P a p a r a n
G T e m u b u a l
H P e m e r h a t i a n
I S u r a t P e r m o h o n a n
SENARAI SINGKATAN
I C A In te rne t C l a s s r o o m Ass i s t an t
C D - R O M C o m p a c t D i s k R e a d O n l y M e m o r y
M I M O S Ins t i tu t M i k r o e l e k t r o n i k M a l a y s i a
I C T I n f o r m a t i o n a n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y
A B B M A l a t B a h a n B a n t u M e n g a j a r
P P B K P e n g a j a r a n D a n P e m b e l a j a r a n B e r b a n t u k a n K o m p u t e r
S P S S Sta t i s t i ca l P a c k a g e F o r Sos ia l S c i e n c e
C M C L C o m p u t e r S u p p o r t e d C o l l a b o r a t i v e L e a r n i n g
K U i T T H O K o l e j U n i v e r s i t i T e k n o l o g i T u n H u s s e i n O n n
Bab 1
Pengenalan
1.1 Pendahuluan
K e m u n c a k W a w a s a n 2 0 2 0 m e r u p a k a n a sp i r a s i n e g a r a u n t u k m e n c a p a i t a h a p
n e g a r a m a j u y a n g b e r a s a s k a n s a i n s d a n t e k n o l o g i b a g i m e n j e l a n g a l a f b a r u . U n t u k
m e n c a p a i h a s r a t ini , n e g a r a m e m e r l u k a n rakya t y a n g m e n g u a s a i t e k n o l o g i y a n g
c a n g g i h d a n b e r o r i e n t a s i k a n t e k n o l o g i . K e p e r l u a n ini m e n i m b u l k a n c a b a r a n y a n g
b a r u p a d a b i d a n g p e n d i d i k a n u n t u k m e l a h i r k a n g e n e r a s i y a n g b e r k e t r a m p i l a n d a n
m a m p u m e n y a h u t c a b a r a n k e a r a h m e r e a l i s a s i k a n m a t l a m a t y a n g d i i n g i n i . S e a l i r a n
d e n g a n i tu , p e l b a g a i p e r a n c a n g a n d a n u s a h a y a n g t e l a h d i j a l a n k a n o l e h K e m e n t e r i a n
P e n d i d i k a n N e g a r a di a n t a r a n y a i a l a h u s a h a m e m p e r t i n g k a t k a n k e b e r k e s a n a n p r o s e s
p e n g a j a r a n d a n p e m b e l a j a r a n m e l a l u i p e n g g u n a a n k o m p u t e r d a n t e k n o l o g i
m a k l u m a t . M u h a m a d K a s i m B a s i r ( 1 9 9 8 ; M o h d A r i f et . a l , 2 0 0 0 d a l a m A i n u l
H a e z a h , 2 0 0 2 )
K i n i , t e k n o l o g i m a k l u m a t d a n In te rne t m e r u p a k a n a l a t t e l e k o m u n i k a s i
c a n g g i h y a n g b a n y a k d i p e r k a t a k a n d a n d i g u n a k a n s e c a r a m e l u a s . K e m u n c u l a n n y a
s e j a k b e b e r a p a t a h u n y a n g la lu a d a l a h has i l d a r i p a d a k e p e s a t a n i l m u s a i n s d a n
t e k n o l o g i y a n g h e b a t p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a d a l a m t e m p o h m a s a y a n g s i n g k a t d a n t e l a h
2
m e l a h i r k a n p e l b a g a i j e n i s t e l e k o m u n i k a s i y a n g s e r b a c a n g g i h . D e n g a n m u n c u l n y a
t e k n o l o g i y a n g c a n g g i h ini j u g a t e l a h m e n g u b a h c a r a h i d u p m a n u s i a , w a l a u d a l a m
a p a j u a b i d a n g y a n g d i cebu r i . S i s t e m p e r h u b u n g a n a k a n b e r t a m b a h m u d a h d a n c e p a t ,
p e m b a n g u n a n b e r t a m b a h p a n t a s s i s t e m p e n d i d i k a n j u g a b e r t a m b a h c a n g g i h se r t a
i n t e r a k s i s e s a m a m a n u s i a j u g a t u r u t b e r u b a h . K i n i , s e g a l a k e p e r l u a n k e h i d u p a n
h a r i a n m a n u s i a b a n y a k b e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a sa ins d a n t e k n o l o g i . M a n a k a l a p e r a n a n
y a n g s a n g a t b e s a r b o l e h d i m a i n k a n o l e h t e k n o l o g i m a k l u m a t d a n I n t e r n e t b a g i
m e m b e n t u k p e m i k i r a n m a n u s i a u n t u k m a j u k e h a d a p a n .
P e n g g u n a a n k o m p u t e r a m a t b e r m a k n a d a l a m p e n d i d i k a n b a g i
m e m p e r t i n g k a t k a n p e n g e t a h u a n s e r t a p e l b a g a i k e m u d a h a n y a n g c a n g g i h . S t r a t eg i
m e n g g u n a k a n k o m p u t e r d a l a m p e n g a j a r a n d a n p e m b e l a j a r a n t e l a h b a n y a k d i g u n a k a n
o l e h ins t i tu s i - ins t i tu s i p e n d i d i k a n t e r u t a m a di Ins t i tus i P e n d i d i k a n T i n g g i . Y u s u p
( 1 9 9 7 d a l a m M o h d . A r i f d a n A b d u l l a h , 2 0 0 0 ) .
S e n a r i o y a n g s a m a a k a n m e l a n d a s i tuas i p e n d i d i k a n d i p e r i n g k a t s e k o l a h .
M i s a l n y a d i k e b a n y a k a n s e k o l a h , p e n g a j a r a n m a t e m a t i k d a n p e n g a j i a n k o m p u t e r ,
a k a n m e n g g u n a k a n k o m p u t e r , m u n g k i n m e n g g u n a k a n b e b e r a p a b a r i s k o m p u t e r
m i k r o a t a u p u n t e r m i n a l y a n g b e r k o n g s i w a k t u . K e l a s s a i n s j u g a a k a n m e n g g u n a k a n
k o m p u t e r , b u k a n s a h a j a u n t u k p e n g a j a r a n a s a s t e t ap i j u g a u n t u k m e n g i r a d a n
m e m b u a t s i m u l a s i m e n g e n a i s i tuas i m a k l u m a t . Y H e n r y ( 1 9 9 4 d a l a m M o h d . A r i f d a n
A b d u l l a h , 2 0 0 0 ) .
B e g i t u j u g a d e n g a n p e n g a j a r a n t e k n i k a l , s e l a i n da r i m e n g g u n a k a n k o m p u t e r
m e n g i k u t p e r i s i a n t e r t e n t u , p a r a p e l a j a r j u g a d a p a t b e r h u b u n g s a m a a d a d e n g a n
p e n s y a r a h a t a u p u n p e l a j a r b e r b i n c a n g m e n g e n a i p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g d i a j a r o l e h
p e n s y a r a h . T e r d a p a t b e b e r a p a p e n d a p a t m e n g e n a i k o n s e p P e n g a j a r a n B e r b a n t u k a n
K o m p u t e r ( P B K ) . P e n g a j a r a n b e r b a n t u k a n k o m p u t e r a d a l a h s e t i a p y a n g d i h u b u n g k a n
s e c a r a t a l i a n on-line, m e m a n d a n g k a n k o m p u t e r b o l e h m e n y a m p a i k a n p e n g a j a r a n
3
s e c a r a i n d i v i d u be re r t i s e t i a p p e l a j a r h a n y a per lu m e n d a p a t k a n p a k e j p e r i s i a n b a g i
s e s u a t u s u b j e k t e r t e n t u di d a l a m b e n t u k c a r e k a p a d a t a t a u p u n CD-ROM d a n
m e m p e l a j a r i isi k a n d u n g a n n y a m e l a l u i k o m p u t e r . P e l a j a r d a p a t b e r i n t e r a k s i s e c a r a
i n d i v i d u d a n m e m p e r o l e h i m a k l u m a t b e r d a s a r k a n k e h e n d a k d a n k e m a m p u a n n y a
send i r i k e r a n a b a h a n p e n g a j a r a n b e r b a n t u k a n k o m p u t e r b e r s i f a t in te rak t i f .
N o r h a s h i m , M a z e n a h d a n R o s e A l i n d a (1996 d a l a m M o h d . A r i f d a n A b d u l l a h ,
2000).
B a g i p r o s e s p e n g a j a r a n d a n p e m b e l a n j a r a n m e l a l u i p e n g g u n a a n k o m p u t e r d a n
t e k n o l o g i m a k l u m a t di a n t a r a p e n s y a r a h d a n p e l a j a r m e n g g u n a k a n I n t e r n e t s e b a g a i
s a l a h s a t u m e d i a y a n g b u k a n s a h a j a s ebaga i s e b u a h f u n g s i r u j u k a n i l m i a h , m a l a h
j u g a d a p a t b e r i n t e r a k s i s e c a r a m a y a u n t u k b e r k o n g s i m a k l u m a t . K e m a j u a n t e k n o l o g i
m a k l u m a t d a n k o m u n i k a s i t e l a h m e n i n g k a t k a n p e n g g u n a a n I n t e r n e t d a n l a m a n w e b
u n t u k p e n d i d i k a n . Ia m e r u p a k a n s a l a h sa tu d a r i p a d a s a l u r a n p e m b e l a j a r a n b a r u y a n g
m e n g g u n a k a n k o n s e p k o l a b o r a t i f d a l a m p e m b e l a j a r a n , l a t i h a n p e n g a j a r a n d a n
p e n g e t a h u a n d a r i p a d a p e n g g u n a a n In terne t .
I n t e r n e t j u g a t e l a h m e n j a d i s a l u r a n u t a m a k o m u n i k a s i i a i t u s a t u m e k a n i s m a
p e r a l i r a n m a k l u m a t d a n m e d i a u n t u k collaboration d a n p e r a n t a r a a n a n t a r a i n d i v i d u
d a n k o m p u t e r t a n p a m e n g i r a l o k a s i g e o g r a f i n y a ( N o r a f i d a d a n O t h m a n , 2 0 0 0 ) .
B e b e r a p a p e r s e k i t a r a n p e m b e l a j a r a n j u g a t e l a h d i r e k a b e n t u k k h u s u s u n t u k m e m b a n t u
p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n k o l a b o r a t i f . C o n t o h n y a r u a n g k e i j a , r u a n g p e m b a n g u n a n
p e n g e t a h u a n a t a u p u n r u a n g b a g i m e n j a l a n k a n s e s u a t u p r o j e k t e r t e n t u d i j a l a n k a n
s e c a r a b e r s a m a . P e r s e k i t a r a n p e m b e l a j a r a n d a l a m b e n t u k ini d i k e n a l i s e b a g a i
p e m b e l a j a r a n k o l a b o r a t i f b e r b a n t u k a n k o m p u t e r a t a u p u n computer supported
collabrative learning (CMCL). M e l a l u i C M C L , k o l a b o r a t i f b o l e h d i l a k u k a n b u k a n
s a h a j a s e c a r a b e r s e m u k a t e t a p i j u g a s e c a r a m a y a p a d a s e b a r a n g m a s a d a n d i m a n a -
m a n a s a h a j a . M e n u r u t H o p p e r t o n ( 1 9 8 8 d a l a m A i n u l H a e z a h , 2 0 0 1 ) , y a n g
m e n y a t a k a n p e n g l i b a t a n s e c a r a on-line t e r u t a m a n y a p e r b i n c a n g a n m e n e r u s i
p e m b e l a j a r a n m a y a m e m b e r i k a n p e l u a n g - p e l u a n g p e m b e l a j a r a n s e c a r a a k t i f
b e r d a s a r k a n k e p a d a k e k e r a p a n m e r e k a m e n g a k s e s I n t e r n e t . P e l a j a r d a p a t m e m b i n a
4
p e n g e t a h u a n m e l a l u i p e r k o n g s i a n p e n g a l a m a n m e r e k a l a k u k a n s e m a s a p e r b i n c a n g a n
k o l a b o r a t i f . Se l a in d a r i p a d a itu, p e l a j a r dapa t be r in te raks i s e c a r a a k t i f d e n g a n r a k a n -
r a k a n d a l a m p e m b e l a j a r a n m a y a d a n se te rusnya d a p a t m e n g u a s a i p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g
d i p e l a j a r i n y a .
1.2 Latar Belakang Masalah
D a l a m u s a h a m e n g e j a r m a t l a m a t w a w a s a n 2 0 2 0 , d u n i a p e n d i d i k a n
m e m a i n k a n p e r a n a n y a n g u t a m a b a g i g e n e r a s i y a n g a d a s e k a r a n g s u p a y a d a p a t
d i b e n t u k d e n g a n s e m p u r n a , i a i t u d e n g a n w u j u d n y a t e k n o l o g i m a k l u m a t y a n g t e l a h
b e r k e m b a n g d e n g a n b e g i t u p e s a t . S e n a r i o ini a k a n m e n g g a l a k k a n p a r a p e n d u d u k
s e l u r u h d u n i a m e n i k m a t i k e m u d a h a n n y a .
T e r d a p a t p e l b a g a i k a e d a h a t a u p u n c a r a b a g i m e n a r i k m i n a t p e l a j a r d a n
b e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a k e p a n d a i a n p e n s y a r a h u n t u k m e n g g u n a k a n k a e d a h - k a e d a h y a n g
t e r t e n t u u n t u k m e m a h a m k a n p e l a j a r p a d a s u b j e k y a n g d i a j a r . P e n s y a r a h j u g a t i d a k
b o l e h t e r l a l u b e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a t u l i s a n s e m a t a - m a t a d a n p e r l u m e n g i k u t
p e r k e m b a n g a n t e k n o l o g i y a n g t e r k i n i d e n g a n k a t a la in m e n g i k u t p e r e d a r a n z a m a n .
P a d a z a m a n 5 0 - a n , p e n g a j i a n h a n y a b e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a p a p a n h i t a m , k a p u r p u t i h
a t a u w a r n a , c a r t a d a n pe ta . In i b e r m a k n a A l a t B a h a n B a n t u M e n g a j a r ( A B B M ) p a d a
k e t i k a d a h u l u t i d a k b e g i t u b e r k e m b a n g d a n k e t i n g g a l a n z a m a n , m u n g k i n d e n g a n
m u n c u l n y a p e l b a g a i a l a t a n s e b a g a i A B B M a k a n m e n a r i k m i n a t p e l a j a r d a n s e k a l i g u s
d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n p r e s t a s i a k a d e m i k p e l a j a r . D a l a m u s a h a m e l a h i r k a n g e n e r a s i
m u d a y a n g m a m p u m e n g h a r u n g i g e l o m b a n g t e k n o l o g i s e r t a p e r s a i n g a n d a l a m
p e r k e m b a n g a n s e j a g a t m e n j e l a n g a b a d k e 2 1 , g u r u - g u r u s e b a g a i p e m b e n t u k g e n e r a s i
m a s a h a d a p a n h a r u s m e m a i n k a n p e r a n a n y a n g p e n t i n g . G u r u b e r p e r a n a n s e b a g a i
p e r a n c a n g , p e m u d a h c a r a , p e n g u r u s d a n p e m b i m b i n g u n t u k m e n c a p a i m a t l a m a t d a n
o b j e k t i f p e n g a j a r a n .
M e n u r u t pe rnya t aan y a n g d i p c r k a t a a n oleh b e k a s K e t u a Pc t i ra rn l i P e n d i d i k a n
M a l a y s i a . T a n Sri Dr W a n Z a h i d Bin M o h d N o r d m ( 1997), A n j a k a n p a r a d i g m a
d i p e r l u k a n d a l a m cara k i ta m e m i k i r k a n t en tang p e n g g u n a a n t e k n o l o g i di Inst i tusi
p e n d i d i k a n . S e g a l a ke te l i t i an d a n co rak p e r u b a h a n a m a t d i p e r l u k a n bag i m e m a s l t k a n
sega l a m a k l u m a t p e n g a j a r a n dapa t d i s a m p a i k a n k e p a d a p e l a j a r d e n g a n pe lbaga i
t ekn ik ser ta k e p c r l u a n n v a k e p a d a pensya rah .
Se l a in da r i p e n g g u n a a n In te rne t , w e b j u g a m e r u p a k a n sa l ah s a t u d a r i p a d a
j e n i s A B B M y a n g d i g u n a k a n o l e h p e n s y a r a h u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n m u t u p e n g a j a r a n
di s a m p i n g m e m a h a m i p e m b e l a j a r a n t e r h a d a p p e n g a j a r a n y a n g d i a j a r . M e n u r u t
Yusup (2000) pula, perkembangan Information Communication anil Technology
( I C T ) t e l a h m e n g u b a h c a r a p e n s y a r a h m e n g a j a r d a n p e l a j a r b e l a j a r . P r o s e s
p e n g a j a r a n t r a d i s i o n a l pe r lu d i s o k o n g o l eh b a h a n m u l t i m e d i a a t a u p u n e l e k t r o n i k
y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n t e k n o l o g i k o m p u t e r dan k o m u n i k a s i .
Bag i K o l e j Un ive r s i t i T e k n o l o g i T u n H u s s e i n O n n ( K U i T T H O ) t i d a k s e m u a
p e n s y a r a h y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n k o m p u t e r s e b a g a i A B B M u n t u k p e n g a j a r a n m e r e k a .
Ini t i d a k t e r m a s u k p e n s y a r a h y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n k a e d a h p e n g a j a r a n s e c a r a on-line
k e p a d a p a r a p e l a j a r . M e n u r u t R o h a n a ( 2 0 0 2 ) , W a l a u p u n t e r d a p a t k e s e d a r a n y a n g
s e m a k i n m e n i n g k a t t e r h a d a p k e b e r k e s a n a n p e n d i d i k a n e l e k t r o n i k , n a m u n t a h a p
p e n g g u n a a n n y a b a g i ICA-Nicenet di k a l a n g a n p e n s y a r a h d a n p e l a j a r - p e l a j a r di
K U i T T H O a d a l a h s a n g a t m i n i m u m . P e l a j a r - p e l a j a r y a n g m e n y a m b u n g p e l a j a r a n di
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(ICA-Nicenet) s e m a s a d i s e k o l a h m e n e n g a h a t a u m e l a l u i k u r s u s s e b e l u m n y a . Ini
m e n j a d i k a n m e r e k a k u r a n g b e r k e y a k i n a n d a n t i d a k s e l e s a u n t u k m e n g a m a l k a n n y a
k e r a n a m a s i h lag i t e r p e n g a r u h d e n g a n c o r a k p e m b e l a j a r a n b i a s a .
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D a n S t r u k t u r , s e m e s t e r 3 di K U i T T H O angga ran p e r a t u s a n k e p u t u s a n p e p e r i k s a a n
b a g i s e m e s t e r y a n g lalu i a l ah 9 0 pe ra tu s pe la j a r y a n g l u l u s m a n a k a l a s e l e b i h n y a
a d a l a h p e l a j a r y a n g gaga l . D e n g a n a d a n y a r u a n g a n p e r b i n c a n g a n , p e n s y a r a h a k a n
m e n g e t a h u i d i m a n a w u j u d n y a p e r m a s a l a h a n pe l a j a r . D e n g a n w u j u d n y a k e r j a s a m a
p e n s y a r a , p e l a j a r d a n d i iku t i d e n g a n k e y a k i n a n p e n s y a r a h u n t u k m e l a k s a n a k a n
p e n g a j a r a n s e c a r a on-line m u n g k i n a k a n m e n a m b a h k a n lag i p e r a t u s a n b a g i k e j a y a a n
p e l a j a r . On-line forum m e r u p a k a n r u a n g a n t a m b a h a n p e m b e l a j a r a n b a g i s u b j e k y a n g
b e r b e n t u k p e n g i r a a n . P e l a j a r p e r l u b e i j u m p a d e n g a n p e n s y a r a h s a m a a d a di k e l a s
a t a u d i b i l i k p e n s y a r a h b a g i m e m a h a m i d e n g a n l eb ih m e n d a l a m m e n g e n a i t o p i k -
t o p i k y a n g t i d a k d i f a h a m i . W u j u d n y a On-line forum p e l a j a r d a p a t m e n a m b a h k a n
p e n g e t a h u a n , m e m a h a m i m a s a l a h d i r i send i r i d a n r a k a n - r a k a n s e r t a d a p a t b e r b i n c a n g
t e n t a n g t o p i k - t o p i k y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n a k a d e m i k d a n i su - i su s e m a s a . Ini j u g a
s e b a g a i s a t u a l t e r n a t i f t a m b a h a n y a n g lain b o l e h d i g u n a k a n o l e h p e n s y a r a h bag i
m e m p e r t i n g k a t k a n lagi m u t u s e r t a kua l i t i p e n g a j a r a n p e n s y a r a h .
W a l a u p u n p e r k e m b a n g a n s e u m p a m a ini b a n y a k m e m b e r i s u m b a n g a n
t e r h a d a p d u n i a h i b u r a n t e t a p i t i d a k d a p a t d i s a n g k a l d a l a m p e n d i d i k a n i a j u g a
m e m b e r i s u a t u k e s a n y a n g p o s i t i f d a l a m p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n . S e b a g a i s e o r a n g
p e n s y a r a h a t a u p u n p e n d i d i k , p e r k e m b a n g a n y a n g b e g i t u m e n c a b a r in i h a r u s
d i a n g g a p s e b a g a i s a t u p e l u a n g k e a r a h m e m p e l b a g a i k a n s t r a t e g i d a n m e m a n t a p k a n
s i s t e m p e n y a m p a i a n k e a r a h y a n g l e b i h b e r k e s a n , d i n a m i k , m e n y e r o n o k k a n d a n
m e n g h i b u r k a n p a r a p e l a j a r .
