PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIiv P erse mb ahan Kepada Tuhan Y a ng Maha Esa y ang tak pe...

LAISOS ISAUTIS NAGNIDNABREP - KITILOP

HARAJES ISREV GNAJAP NAD KAMED NAAJAREK

LAISOS ISAUTIS NAGNED - KITILOP

LEVON MALAD GNASGNANEP SV TEBERAK

AYTESUS NAWAW AYRAK :

ARTSAS IGOLOISOS SISILANA

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD eG helorepmeM anajraS ral artsaS idutS margorP aisenodnI artsaS

helO

owobarP ihdairtaS

0 :MIN 1146 4 420

IDUTS MARGORP AISENODNI ARTSAS

AISENODNI ARTSAS NASURUJ

SATLUKAF ARTSAS

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

3102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

LAISOS ISAUTIS NAGNIDNABREP - KITILOP

NAAJAREK HARAJES ISREV GNAJAP NAD KAMED

LAISOS ISAUTIS NAGNED - KITILOP

LEVON MALAD GNASGNANEP SV TEBERAK

AYTESUS NAWAW AYRAK :

ARTSAS IGOLOISOS SISILANA

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD anajraS raleG helorepmeM artsaS

idutS margorP odnI artsaS aisen

helO

owobarP ihdairtaS

:MIN 0 1146 4 420

IDUTS MARGORP AISENODNI ARTSAS

AISENODNI ARTSAS NASURUJ

SATLUKAF ARTSAS

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

3102


ii

420411460


iii

420411460


vi

nahabmesreP

umej hanrep kat gnay asE ahaM gnaY nahuT adapeKgnudnilem nad gnibmibmem ulales uk i .

aut gnaro audeK uk anailsor nad ohorguN gnabmaB

nailak apnat ,ini ainud id ada uk taubmem halet gnay.napudihek aynsinam tihap uat naka kat uka

naktagnignem ulales gnay idA saM nad iduB saM kutnU

adasret ukirid aggnihes uk rugenem atres .nakr

P ara narabmag nakirebmem asaitnanes gnay kididnepnaped asam gnabmekreb asib imak raga

ukadapek naitahrep nad iludep gnay gnaro huruleS

alages parahreb nad nakaodnem ulales akerem aggnihes.ukkutnu kiabret gnay

anaS satisrevinU atnicret uk supmaK amrahD at

tapmet nad umli abminem uka tapmet atrakaygoY.tihap nupuam sinam kiab nagnanek hunep gnay


v

0TTOM

adnA ,okisir libmagnem naggne akiJ

apnat ipaT .halak hanrep naka kat

kat adnA ,okisir gnuggnanem inareb

.gnanem hanrep naka - .noxiN drahciR


iv

RATNAGNEP ATAK

taridahek nakpacu silunep rukuys asar nad ijuP ahaM gnaY nahuT

asauK nakhapmilem halet gnay alages nad tamhar aynainurak - aggnihes ,ayN

malad nususid ini ispirkS .kiab nagned ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep

ihunemem akgnar anajras margorp iduts nakiaseleynem kutnu tarays utas halas

adap ,aisenodnI artsaS nasuruJ ,artsaS satlukaF ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.atrakaygoY

sapelret kadit nakiaselesret tapad ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP

d nagnorod nad nagnukud ,nautnab irad halet gnay kahip iagabreb ira

silunep ,uti anerak helO .narubihgnep nad ,edi ,naras ,tagnames nakirebmem

kahip adapek hisak amiret nad rukuys asar nakpacugnem - halet gnay kahip

: adapek ini ispirks naropal nakiaseleynem malad utnabmem

.1 H.M ,otnamhaR .B .srD sata hisak amiret ,I gnibmibmep nesod iagabes ,mu

.ini ispirks nakiaseleyem kutnu ayas adapek nakusam nad nagnibmib alages

.2 S.E. hisak amiret ,II gnibmibmep nesod iagabes muH.M ,S.S ,ijdA ineP

nad nakusam nkirebmem kutnu utkaw kaynab nakgnaulem halet

mibmem .ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad ayas gnib

.3 ,aisenodnI artsaS iduts margorp alapek ukales ,muH .M .onotnA ireH .srD

ayas raga ayntagnames nagnorod nad nautnab sata hisak amiret

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

.4 aumeS aisenodnI artsaS nasuruj nesod utiay .rD .forP omotparP I dayraB ,

,.muH.M .muH.M ,muaT ipaY .Y .rD , ,.muH.M ,ijdA hisardnajT .rF .arD


iiv

.P.rD ,.S.M ,asotnaS .X.F .srD irA .muH.M ,oygabuS nagned halet gnay

artsaS id nakididnep hupmenem males silunep gnibmibmem rabas

ales alibapa faam nohom ayaS .aisenodnI ayas nakididnep hupmenem am

.ajagnesid kadit nad ajagnes araces nahalasek nakukalem

.5 .esor kbm amaturet aisenodnI artsaS idorP tairaterkeS

.6 satisrevinU nawayrak fats atreseb amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP

.amrahD atanaS

.7 ales gnay ayas aut gnaro audeK tapad ayas parahreb nad aodreb ul

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

.8 aynatreb ulales gnay otonarP ihdA nad oytesarP iduB ,ayas kakak audeK

atres ini ispirks nakiaseleynem ayas raga ayas iharamem gnadakret nad

aggnihes ,silunep asapek lautirps nad lairetam nagnukud tapad ini ispirks

.iaseles

.9 silunep raseb agrauleK ,nayI saM ,oroW etnaT )muhramla( ,oyoP mO ,

,unbI mO ,aiR kabM ,ataT kabM ,aliehs ,evad ,gnatnil nial nad - kat gnay nial

.ispirks nakajregnem naktakignem kutnu rugenem nages

.01 u laiceps gnay anaifruN anA kutnU ,utabmem halet anerak silunep kutn

kutnu nasob lanek kat aguj ignipmadnem ulales atres naktakignem

.ini ispirks nakialeseynem silunep naktakignem

.11 nameT - namet gnilas nad aynnaamasrebek kutnu aisenodnI artsaS

gnilas kutnu atres ispirks ianegnem naktagnignem narikip rakutreb

gnisam ispirks ianegnem - ,akihD ,irA ,iniD ,ipeS ,yolA ,ini amales gnisam

,ekiM ,okoJ ,notnA ardneh nial nad - nial


iiiv

.21 nameT - namet onilaeR kneoraW ,notnA ,gnohyeM ,yreG ,daehnoB ,legnA ,

ynO ,ojeT ,kotI ,reh gnaB ,treblA ,w iS ,tepoK ,yotU ,rajnA ,rajnA ,hilaG ,

,atteD ,nalokoT koiT ,koyT ,telaW ,akE ,kerpE ,kitI ,zoiD ,todoC ,irA omoR

,gneraG ireH saM ,oboB ,rufoG ,anrE ,anoB ,igoY ,saraL ,naihD ,notnA

.nabmaJ ,soahC ,sebmeG ,ojoJ ,licA sata hisak amireT .habmiS

metreb iapmas ,nawak aynnaamasrebek ijnap id u - nagnaujrep ijnap

.ayntujnales

.31 nameT - ,kahtaC saM ,uyneP )muhramlA( ,nayiD saM ,onilaeR knuP namet

saM ,ojeT mO ,fesoY saM ,gneyeT saM ,iO saM ,idA saM ,gnugA saM

saM ,hognolP gnaK ,sunuY saM ,monA saM ,peirA saM ,tomiC saM ,liynU

eb ulaleS .uraD arac ianegnem ayas nasawaw akubmem nad narikip rakutr

.ini ainud gnadnamem

.41 nagned nametreb patet gnay atrakaygoY ruhuL idugnaP AMS inmulA

,samiD ,nogoG ,nuriK ,helbA ,gnokgnE ,rogiT ,gnarakes iapmas silunep

ridnes atik irid iawatrenem amasreb awatreT .yreG .nial gnaro nad i

.51 turut gnay utas imed utas naktubesid tapad kadit gnay kahip aumeS

me aod nagned gnukudn - siluneP .nakiaselesret tapad ini ispirks aggnih aod

gnay nahuT halraib ,kahip aumes nakianek sata hisak amiret nakpacugnem

naumes slabmem gnay asE ahaM ainurak nad tamhaR nahapmil nagned ay -

.ayN

nasilunep malad awhab iradaynem siluneP ispirks tapadret hisam ini

nad naupmamek nasatabretek anerak naanrupmeskaditek nad nagnarukek kaynab

naras nad kitirk amirenem silunep ,uti anerak helO .silunep nauhategnep gnay


xi

silunep atak rihkA .ini ispirks naanrupmeynep ayniapacret imed nugnabmem

gnay ajas apais kahip igab taafnamreb tapad ini ispirks agomes parahreb

.ini ispirks padahret nagnitnepekreb

,atrakaygoY 3102 iluJ 13

,siluneP

owobarP ihdairtaS


x

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

s awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS kadit ini silut ayas gnay ispirk

malad naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem

.hailmi ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes akatsup ratfad nad napituk

atrakaygoY , 3102 iluJ 13

,siluneP

owobarP ihdairtaS


ix

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

IMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP S

:amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawabid nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN : owobarP ihdairtaS

sahaM romoN awsi : 0 1146 4 420

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD

atanaS satisrevinU ludujreb haimli ayrak amrahD :

LAISOS ISAUTIS NAGNIDNABREP - KITILOP HARAJES ISREV GNAJAP NAD KAMED NAAJAREK

LAISOS ISAUTIS NAGNED - KITILOP VON MALAD LE GNASGNANEP SV TEBERAK

AYTESUS NAWAW AYRAK )ARTSAS IGOLOISOS SISILANA(

satisrevinU naakatsuprep adapek nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagneD S atana ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD

nem ,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,satabret araces nakisubirtsid nagnitnepek kutnu nial aidem uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ytlayor nakirebmem nupuam ayas irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat ,simedaka

.silunep iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem amales ,ayas adapek

ini naataynrep naikimeD .aynranebes nagned taub ayas

,atrakaygoY id taubiD

,laggnat adaP 3102 iluJ 13

,nakataynem gnaY

( owobarP ihdairtaS )


iix

KARTSBA

laisoS isautiS nagnidnabreP“ .3102 .ihdairtaS ,owobarP - kitiloP naajareKgnajaP nad kameD aisoS isautiS nagned harajeS isreV l- kitiloP

levoN malad gnasgnaneP sV teberaK : aytesuS nawaW ayrakS( atartS ispirkS “ .artsaS igoloisoS sisilanA - .atrakaygoY .)1

,aisenodnI artsaS nasuruJ ,aisenodnI artsaS idutS margorP.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,artsaS satlukaF

jakgnem ini naitileneP laisos isautis nagnidnabrep i - naajareK kitiloplaisos isautis nagned harajes sket isrev gnajaP naajareK nad kameD - kitilop

levon malad gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK gnasgnaneP sV teberaK ayrakad sisilanagnem halada ini naitilenep naujuT .aytesuS nawaW nakispirksidnem n

nakispirksednem ,rula sisilana adap naksukofid gnay larutkurts sisilanalaisos isautis nagnidnabrep - harajes sket isrev gnajaP nad kameD naajareK kitilop

laisos isautis nagned - levon malad kitilop gnasgnaneP sV teberaK . gnem ini naitileneP nagned ilawaiD .artsas igoloisos natakednep nakanug

adap nakjtujnalid ulal ,rula sisilana adap naksukofid gnay sket rutkurts sisilanalaisos isautis nagnidnabrep sisilana - naajareK asam adap idajret gnay kitilop

arajes sket turunem gnajaP naajareK nad kameD laisos isautis nagned h - kitilop hibel araces aynnakispirksidnem tapad aggnihes levon atirec malad idajret gnay

.salej ini naitilenep kutnu nakanugid gnay edoteM m nakanuggnem edote

fitatilauk gnay padahret naitahrep nakirebmem remirp rebmus malad atad ,uh .aynaadarebek sketnok nagned aynnagnub nakukalid sisilana fitpirksid edoteM

idnem arac nagned s atkaf nakispirk - susid naidumek gnay atkaf sisilana nagned lu . levon malad rulA )1( :tukireb iagabes halada ini naitilenep irad lisaH

gnasgnaneP sV teberaK halada uata surul rula raenil awitsireP . - gnay awitsirep idajret awitsirep nakanerakid ini ,naturureb nad sigolonork araces nalajreb idajret

lawa bab bus irad tutnur araces nalajreb tihapajaM naasaukeK ilabmek tujareMkayokreT gnay atirec rihka bab bus aggnih ataM nanatlusaK id rabmeK irah

gnajaP utiay V ayajiwarB ubarP aksap tihapajaM naajareK hasik nagned ilawaiD . natuberep idajreT .IV ayajiwarB ubarP ralegreb gnay anahdrawardnairiG ubarP are tihapajaM naajareK nagned orotniB kameD nanatluseK aratna naasaukek

barP anaggnerT natluS are kameD nanatlusaK ek iapmas anahdrawardnairiG u helo nakgnanemid gnay ayajiwanaR hayD ubarP are tihapajaM naajareK nagned nagned gnajaP naajareK ek surul nalajreb rulA .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

natluS ralegreb gnay teberaK saM aynnatluS laisos isautis )2( .ayajiwidaH - kitilop naadebrep aparebeb ikilimem gnasgnaneP sV teberaK levon malad id idajret gnay nakrabmagid gnay isautiS )a( .silunep nauca idajnem gnay harajes sket nagned

ep kinork irad gnanemep naajareK ek kahimem hibel levon malad natuberajaR paggnagnem levon malad atireC .awaJ hanaT id idajret gnay naasaukek - ajar

nad ayntakaraysam padahret anaskajib nad lida nakatakid tapad asaukreb gnay paites harajes malad nakgnades ,aynajar tafis nahamelek isis nakatirecnem kadit

s nahatniremep araP )b( .aynnahatniremep malad fitagen isis tapadret ajar utau


iiix

,anugardnam itkas gnay gnaro nakapurem levon nakatirecid agnaS ilaW naweD naklagelem ini levon aggnihes icus gnaro nakapurem atres anaskajib ,lida

nadnap adebreb gnay kopmolek padahret namukuh ilaW naweD nagned nag aynada ,utiay aynmalad id kitilop rusnu ada nial atakreb harajeS .agnaS kadit ini levon atireC )c( .amaga nakamansatagnem gnay kitilop nagnitnepek araces gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK nahatniremep nanusus nakatirecnem

ynah ,icnir awitsirep libmagnem a - nahatniremep asam adap idajret gnay awitsirepajar uata railimaf gnay ajar - tubesret naajarek amales huragnepreb gnay ajar

awitsirep naktawelem ini levon gnadakreT .asaukreb - gnay gnitnep awitsirepP nad kameD naajareK asam adap idajret .asaukreb gnaja

nakapurem gnasgnanep sV teberaK levon tahilret ini naitilenep lisah iraDhasik irad atirec - nawaW .halebes tareb aynisi aggnihes gnanemep arap hasik

gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK ianegnem atirec silunem aytesuShasik irad isaripsniret - kilfnok nakgnanemem lisahreb halet gnay asaugnep hasik

aratna atirec naadebrep idajreT awhab naklupmisid tapaD .naasaukek natuberep malad ada gnay hokot aumes utigeb ikseM .ini levon atirec nagned harajes sket

harajes malad atayn gnay hokot nakapurem levon .


vix

TCARTSBA

“ 3102 . ihdairtaS ,owobarP oicoS neewteb nosirapmoC ehT - lacitiloP fo noisreV eht ni modgniK gnajaP dna kameD fo noitautiS

oicoS ehT dna txeT yrotsiH - kameD ehT fO noitautiS lacitiloP ni modgniK gnajaP dnA gnasgnaneP sV teberaK levoN nettirW

msicitirC lacigoloicoS :aytesuS nawaW yb etaudargrednU ”. ,retteL naisenodnI fo tnemetrapeD :atrakaygoY .sisehT

.3102 ,ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS ,retteL fo ytlucaF

oicos neewteb nosirapmoc eht senimaxe yduts sihT - fo noitautis lacitilopkameD oicos eht dna txet yrotsih fo noisrev eht ni modgniK gnajaP dna -

gnasgnaneP sV teberaK ni modgniK gnajaP dna kameD eht fo noitautis lacitilop dna ezylana ot si yduts siht fo esoprup ehT .aytesuS nawaW yb nettirw levon

of sisylana larutcurts eht ebircsed eht ebircsed ,tolp eht fo sisylana eht no desucoicos - eht ni mordgniK gnajaP dna kameD fo nosirapmoc noitautis lacitilop

oicos eht dna txet yrotsih fo noisrev - sV teberaK levon eht ni noitautis lacitilop.gnasgnaneP

sicitirc lacigoloicos eht sesu yduts sihT .erutaretil eht fo hcaorppa eht sa m dna sisylana tolp eht no desucof erutcurts txet eht fo sisylana eht htiw snigeb tI

oicos eht fo sisylana nosirapmoc eht yb deunitnoc - hcihw noitautis lacitilopot gnidrocca modgniK gnajaP dna kameD fo are eht ni deneppah txet yrotsih

oicos eht htiw - debircsed eb nac ti taht os levon eht ni sneppah hcihw lacitilop.ylraelc

larutan sdrawot noitnetta sevig hcihw dohtem evitatilauq sesu hcraeser ehTu sso sisylana evitpircsed ehT .ecnetsixe sti fo txetnoc eht ni atad eht ,atad yb des

ylerem ton si ti tub ,sisylana yb deunitnoc saw retal hcihw stcaf eht gnibircsed.noitanalpxe dna gnidnatsrednu hguone gnivig osla tub gnibircsed

gnasgnaneP sV teberaK eht ni tolp ehT )1( :era yduts eht fo stluser ehTihw stneve ehT .raenil si levon eht yb demrof era neppah yllacigolonorhc hc

retpahcbus tsrif eht morf redro ni gniog stneve naasaukeK ilabmek tujareMkayokreT gnay tihapajaM eno tsal eht litnu nanatlusaK id rabmeK irahataM

gnajaP tirohtua eht retfa tihapajaM fo yrots eht htiw snigeb tI . ubarP fo y ubarP deltit anahdrawardnairiG ubarP fo are eht si hcihw V ayajiwarB

.IV ayajiwarB kameD fo etanatluS eht neewteb ytirohtua rof raw si erehT eht litnu anahdrawardnairiG ubarP fo are eht ni modgniK tihapajaM dna orotniB

i anaggnerT natluS fo are ni ayajiwanaR hayD ubarP dna etanatluS kameD n eht nehT .etanatluS orotniB kameD yb now yllanif si hcihw modgniK tihapajaM deltit ,natluS eht sa teberaK saM htiw modgniK gnajaP ot ylthgiarts seog tolp

oicos ehT )2( .ayajiwidaH natluS - noitautis lacitilop rw eht no netti sV teberaK gnasgnaneP levoN htiw secnereffid emos sah txet yrotsih fo noisrev eht hcihw

eht sekat levon eht ni noitautis ehT )a( .retirw eht rof ecnerefer eht emoceb eht ni deneppah ytirohtua rof raw eht fo edis s’renniw awaJ hanaT )dnaL avaJ( .

eht sdrawot esiw dna riaf era sgnik eht taht snoitnem levon eht fo yrots ehT eht fo yrotsih yreve saerehw ,sgnik eht fo edis dab eht llet ton seod ti dna yteicos


vx

eht sa debircsed si agnaS ilaW ,levon eht nI )b( .edis evitagen sti sah ytirohtuaf ,lacigam ohw esoht rof tnemhsinup eht sezilagel levon siht os yloh dna esiw ,ria

si ereht taht yltnereffid syas yrotsih ehT .meht htiw weiv fo tniop tnereffid evah levon ehT )c( .rettam noigiler eht fo tifeneb rof si hcihw tseretni lacitilop rehtona

t llet ton seod dna stneve emos eht sekat tsuj tI .erutcurts tnemnrevog deliated ehllew - stneve tnatropmi emos sessim levon siht ,semitemoS .sgnik nwonk

.modgniK gnajaP dna modgniK kameD fo are eht ni deneppah taht nwohs si ti ,yduts eht morF gnasgnaneP sV teberaK levoN yrots eht si

ot detaler seirots etorw aytesuS nawaW .saib ti sekam hcihw renniw eht fo eht now taht ytirohtua eht fo seirots eht yb deripsni modgniK gnajaP dna kameD yrots eht ni secnereffid emos era ereht taht dedulcnoc eb nac tI .ytirohtua rof raw

eewteb levon eht ni sretcarahc eht lla ,revewoH .levon eht dna txet yrotsih eht n .yrotsih eht ni elpoep laer era


ivx

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ....................... i

NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ........ ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .......... iii

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ....... vi

OTTOM NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ...................... v

NEP ATAK RATNAG ................................ ................................ ..................... vi

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ ........................... x

AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI ................................ .......... xi

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... x ii

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... xiv

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ .. ivx

NAULUHADNEP I BAB ................................ ................................ ............... 1

.1 halasaM gnakaleB rataL ................................ ................................ ...... 1

.2 halasaM nasumuR naitileneP ................................ .............................. 4

.3 neP naujuT naitile ................................ ................................ ............... 4

.4 naitileneP taafnaM ................................ ................................ ............. 4

.5 akatsuP nauajniT ................................ ................................ ................. 5

.6 iroeT nasadnaL ................................ ................................ ................... 5

1.6 emsilarutkurtS iroeT ................................ ................................ .... 5


iivx

2.6 rulA ................................ ................................ ............................ 7

3.6 artsaS igoloisoS ................................ ................................ ........... 9

4.6 laisoS ................................ ................................ .......................... 01

5.6 kitiloP ................................ ................................ ......................... 21

.7 naitileneP edoteM ................................ ................................ ............... 31

1.7 natakedneP ................................ ................................ .................. 51

2.7 ataD nalupmugneP edoteM ................................ ......................... 61

ataD sisilanA edoteM 3.7 ................................ ................................ .. 61

ataD sisilanA lisaH naijayneP edoteM 4.7 ................................ ......... 71

5.7 ataD rebmuS ................................ ................................ ............... 81

.8 naijayneP akitametsiS ................................ ................................ ......... 18

II BAB LEVON RULA SISILANA GNASGNANEP SV TEBERAK AYRAK

AYTESUS NAWAW ................................ ................................ ..................... 91

.1 pahaT noitautiS naisautiyneP uata ................................ ...................... 19

.2 pahaT nitareneG sesnatsucriC g kilfnoK nalucnumeP pahaT uata ...... 22

.3 pahaT noitcA gnisiR kilfnoK natakgnineP pahaT uata ........................ 24

.4 pahaT xamilC skamilK uata ................................ ............................... 86

.5 pahaT tnemeuoneD naiaseleyneP pahaT uata ................................ ..... 77

.6 namukgnaR ................................ ................................ ........................ 08


iiivx

III BAB NAGNIDNABREP LAISOS ISAUTIS - NAAJAREK KITILOP

AD KAMED LAISOS ISAUTIS ATRES GNAJAP N - MALAD KITILOP

LEVON GNASGNANEP SV TEBERAK ................................ ........................... 28

.1 laisoS isautiS - gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK kitiloP isreV

harajeS ................................ ................................ ............................... 38

.1 1 kameD naajareK kitiloP isautiS narabmaG ................................ 38

1. 2 aP naajareK kitiloP isautiS narabmaG gnaj ................................ . 39

.2 laisoS isautiS - malad gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK kitiloP

levon gnasgnaneP sV teberaK ................................ ............................ 001

S 1.2 laicos isauti - kitilop kameD naajareK levon malad sV teberaK

gnasgnaneP ................................ ................................ ....................... 001

2.2 laisoS isautiS - levoN malaD gnajaP naajareK kitiloP K sV tebera

gnasgnaneP ................................ ................................ ....................... 901

.3 naajareK nagned kameD naajareK aratnA nagnubuH natiakreteK

gnajnaP ................................ ................................ .............................. 511

.4 levoN nagned harajeS skeT nagnidnabreP gnasgnaneP sV teberaK .... 911

1.4 skeT nagnidnabreP nagaB kameD naajareK harajeS levoN nagned

gnasgnaneP sV teberaK ................................ ................................ ..... 21 0

2.4 levoN nagned gnajaP naajareK skeT nagnidnabreP nagaB

gnasgnaneP sV teberaK ................................ ................................ ... 721


xix

BAB VI PUTUNEP

.1 nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ........................ 231

.2 naraS ................................ ................................ ................................ . 431

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ..................... 531

ATADOIB ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 731


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.1 halasaM gnakaleB rataL

artsas ayraK bid iagabes ayngnaragnep helo nugna namaker lisah

satilaer padahret pudih natayahgnep ,narisfanep ,nagnunerep nakrasadreb

nad pudih gnaragnep tapmet natakaraysamek nagnukgnil nad laisos

muS( gnabmekreb :4891 ,ojdra irad nugnabid artsas ayrak iagabes levoN .)51

,amet ,retkarak ,tolp itrepes iskif rusnu iagabreb weif fo tniop )gnadnap tudus(

gnudnagnem kaynab levon ,iskif ayrak iagabeS .ayniagabes nad ialin - ialin

sifsosolif ,igiler ,akite ,kitilop ,laisos napakgnugnep irad kalotreb gnay

:4891 ,ojdramuS( napudihek anemonef utaus ilabmek .)76

irad naigab nakapurem aguj artsas ayrak atpicnep iagabes gnaragneP

aynah kadit ai ,ayrak utaus nakatpicnem ai akiteK .iridnes uti napudihek

d uata napaul helo gnorodret nakpakgnugnem kutnu aynirid malad irad nakase

atic uata naasarep - nakiapmaynem kutnu nanigniekreb aguj ipatet ,aynatic

narikip - nasagag ,narikip - nasek ,tapadnep ,nasagag -k aguj nad ,nase

nanitahirpek - adapek idajret halet gnay awitsirep utaus sata nanitahirpek

:2991 ,onojdraS( gnaro kopmolek uata gnaroes .)01

silutid gnay artsaS .laisos alajeg utaus iagabes gnadnapid tapad artsaS

amron nagned natiakreb gnusgnal utnetret utkaw nuruk utaus adap - nad amron


2

uti namaz tadaitsi tada L( xu :6891 ,grubme )32 . as nagnubuH nad arts

kepsa aratna nagnubuh halai itiletid takaraysam - nanusus nad artsas sket kepsa

artsas ,takaraysam ugrepid nup silanagnem metsis iagabes nakan si metsis

akaraysam :6891 ,grubmexuL( t )52 .

aguj artsas ayrak ,takaraysam nagned aynnatiak malad ,uti nialeS tapad

isartsuli nakapurem harajes awitsireP .harajes awitsirep irad rebmusreb

ayajiwotnuK turuneM .artsas ayrak nakatpicnem kutnu gnaragnep gnaroes

duskamid gnay nup apa ,satilaer halada artsas ayrak kejbo ,)171 :6002(

ibapa gnaragnep helo satilaer nagned ,harajes awitsirep apureb uti satilaer al

uti awitsirep nakhamejrenem abocnem amatrep ,tapad artsas ayrak akam

awitsirep imahamem kutnu duskam nagned renijami gnay asahab malad

tapad artsas ayrak ,audeK .gnaragnep naupmamek radak turunem harajes

as idajnem aynem kutnu ayngnaragnep igab anar m ,naasarep ,narikip nakiap

ayrak aguj itrepes ,agiteK .harajes awitsirep utaus ianegnem napaggnat atres

awitsirep haubes ilabmek naatpicnep idajnem tapad artsas ayrak ,harajes

ami ayad nad nauhategnep nagned iauses harajes .gnaragnep isanij

uapmal asam atirec nakanuggnem tapad harajes levon gnaragneP

gnay harajes narabmag uata isaterpretni utaus gnukudnem uata kalonem kutnu

levon gnaragnep aytesuS nawaW .napam hadus gnasgnaneP sV teberaK

uapmal asam id atirec utaus sahabmem kirtni aynada ianegnem - kitilop kirtni

kirtni aguj - utaus gnajnunem kutnu asaugnep nakukalid gnay laisos kirtni


3

padahret kudnut nad hutap idajnem aynaragen id takaraysam raga naujut

atic nad nanigniek - .asaugnep atic

gnudnagnem ini levoN rula id gnay malad ayn isautis nakatirecnem

laisos - ;gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK asam adap idajret gnay kitilop

gnay rulA .nial amas utas natiakretek nagnubuh ikilimem gnay naajarek aud

levon malad idajret gnasgnaneP sV teberaK .raenil uata surul nalajreb levoN

recnem ini aksap awitsirep nakati ajaM ayajiwarB ubarP are tihap ek V

atedukgnem gnay anahdrawardnairiG ubarP are tihapajaM naajareK

anahdrawardnairiG ubarP ipatet V ayajiwarB ubarP nahatniremep

em ubarP iagabes aynirid takgnagn B naktujnalem gnay IV ayajiwar

hatniremep tihapajaM na P alup nakhasikid naidumeK .V ayajiwarB ubar

hataP nedaR helo nakisaralkedid gnay orotniB kameD notareK ayniridreb

nagned gnajaP naajareK atirec iapmas ,agnaS ilaW irad nagnukud nagned

eraK saM amanreb gnay rikgniT akaJ saila ayajiwidaH aynajar kusamret ,teb

.gnapiJ itapida gnasgnaneP ayrA nagned teberaK aratna naasaukek natuberep

laisos isautiS - levon malad id kapmat tagnas nup kitilop sV teberaK

gnasgnaneP araces aynsisilanagnem ahasureb siluneP .aytesuS nawaW ayrak

sos isautis aggnihes maladnem lai - levon malad id idajret gnay kitilop teberaK

gnasgnaneP sV tapad tapadreT .salej nagned nakrapapret naasaukek natuberep

nakkulkanem kutnu isibma atres athat naktapadnem kutnu huragnep nad

ames iasaukid gnay hayaliw raga nial haread ahasU .saul nikgn arek naaj -

gnay naajarek nakukalid tubesret asaugnep naarethajesek naktakgninem kutnu


4

laisos ,imonoke napudihek malad kusamret ayntakaraysam - ayadub , nial nad

.ayniagabes

2.1 naitileneP halasaM nasumuR

1.2.1 levon malad rula rusnu hakanamiagaB gnasgnaneP sv teberaK ?

2.2.1 agaB hakanami laisos isautis nagnidnabrep - kitilop kameD naajareK

K nad gnajaP naajare harajes isrev laisos isautis nagned - kitilop malad

sV teberaK levon P ?gnasgnane

3.1 naitileneP naujuT

1.3.1 levon malad rula rusnu nakispirksedneM .gnasgnaneP sV teberaK

2.3.1 nad sisilanagneM nakispirkednem laisos isautis nagnidnabrep - kitilop

K naajare D kame K nad isautis nagned harajes isrev gnajaP naajare

laisos - kitilop levon malad gnasgnaneP sV teberaK .

4.1 naitileneP taafnaM

1.4.1 P ategnep habmanem kutnu taafnamreb ini naitilene uh gnatnet na

anacaw gnadib id malad artsas kitirk idajnem tapad atres ,artsas

artsas ainud ayakrepmem nagned artsas haalet malad aynsusuhk

.emsilarutkurts natakednep


5

2.4.1 naartsasusek isaiserpa naktakgninem kutnu taafnamreb ini naitileneP

harajes levon aynsusuhk aisenodnI eberaK .gnasgnaneP sV t

3.4.1 fer habmanem tapad ini naitileneP aynsusuhk ,harajes iduts isnere

laisos isutis nagnabmekrep - naajarek aynhutnur aksap kitilop

.tihapajaM

5.1 akatsuP nauajniT

levoN gnasgnaneP sV teberaK muleb gnay levon malad ek kusamret

iay naktibretid amal 1102 inuJ ut gnay ada muleb ini levon aggnihes

.iges iagabreb irad liated araces nasahabmep nakukalem

levon sisilanagnem gnay ada muleb silunep natamagnep huajeS

gnasgnaneP sv teberaK irad laisos isautis iges - kitilop kameD naajareK

K nagned .gnajaP naajare D naitilenep kipot naklupmisid tapa laisos isautis -

,kitilop K nagned kameD naajare K gnajaP naajare aggnihes urabret naitilenep

laisos iges irad naladnem araces aynsisilanagnem kutnu abocnem silunep -

y kitilop .ini levon malad gnudnakret gna

6.1 iroeT nasadnaL

.1 1.6 emsilarutkurtS iroeT

urts iroeT k rusnu ijakgnem gnay natakednep haubes nakapurem larut -

lasruM .artsas ayrak nugnabmep rusnu E :0991( nets awhab naktubeynem )81

isnirtni rusnu sata iridret artsas ayrak rutkurts k rusnU .kisnirtske rusnu nad


6

isnirtni k ak nad ,nahokonep nad hokot ,ratal ,rula ,amet itupilem artsas ayr

rusnu nakapurem igolokisp nad ,laisos ,imonoke ,kitilop rotkaF .ayag - rusnu

.artsas ayrak malad kisnirtske

kurts isilanA ijak apureb tapad larut rusnu isaler tukgnaynem gnay na -

,sketorkim rusnu sisilanA .lautsketretni isaler nad ,anacaw nahurulesek utas

erusnu - atak sisilana apureb aynlasim uti sketorkim rusnu - tamilak malad atak

nagnubuh nad isgnuf sisilana apureb aguj tapad ai numan ,utkaw rusnu aratna

sos ,tapmet lai - 3 : 4991 ,orotnaigruN( ayadub .)8 malaD emsilarutkurts sisilana

levon malad gnasgnanep sV teberaK aynnaitilenep naksukofmem silunep ,

levon malad ada gnay rula sisilana adap aynah gnasgnaneP sV teberaK laH .

ini laisos isautis nakrabmaggnem gnay halatirec rula nakanerakid - gnay kitilop

et nakumenem kutnu sket rutkurts sisilanagnem siluneP .ini levon malad idajr

laisos isautis - iakretek nagnubuh atres idajret gnay kitilop aud aratna nat

K utiay ,naajarek .gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajare

atak irad lasareb rutkurts sigilomite araceS rutkurts a L( itrareb ,)nita

b emsilarutkurtS .nanugnab ,kutneb e ar r rusnu ianegnem mahap it - utiay ,rusnu

ned ,iridnes uti rutkurts aynnagnubuhratna emsinakem nag kahip utas id ,

nagnubuh nial kahip id ,aynnial rusnu nagned utas gnay rusnu nagnubuhratna

gned rusnu ratna . )19 :1102 ,antaR( aynsatilatot na

rusnu sisilana naitahrep irebmem emilarutkurtS - paiteS .ayrak rusnu

,adebreb gnay nupuam amas gnay sinej nagned artsas ayrak kiab ,artsas ayrak

rusnu ikilimem - rusnu naikemed nupiksem adebreb gnay rusnu - kokop rusnu


7

et gnay id gnudnakr ayag ,gnadnap tudus ,rula ,awitsirep ,amet aynaratna

.)39 :1102 ,antaR( nahokonep ,asahab

.1 2.6 A rul

gnaro tikides kat nakhab ,gnitnep gnay iskif rusnu nakapurem tolP

iskif rusnu iagabreb aratna id gnitnepret gnay iagabes ,aynpaggnagnem gnay

naknaketid hibel gnires nup iskif ayrak padahret larutkurts nauajniT .nial gnay

halitsi nakanugrepmem nikgnum ualaw ,tolp naaracibmep adap nial

,tolp nasalejek nagned nasalareb aguj uti laH .)011 :5002 ,orotnaigruN(

awitsirepratna natiak gnatnet nasalejek naka ,raenil araces nakhasikid gnay

tik namahamep hadumrepmem lipmatid gnay atirec padahret a ka nasalejeK .n

atirec nahadumek itrareb tolp naanahredesek ,atirec nasalejek itrareb tolp

.)011: 5002 ,orotnaigruN( itregnemid kutnu

nakapurem rula ,mumu araceS naiakgnar - malad awitsirep naiakgnar

awitsirep adap satabret aynasaib rula halitsI .atirec haubes - gnay awitsirep

gnay awitsirep nakapurem lasuak awitireP .ajas lasuak araces nagnubuhreb

kadit nad nial awitsirep iagabreb irad kapmad idajnem uata nakbabeynem

awitsireP .ayrak nahurulesek adap huragnepreb naka anerak nakiabaid tapad

lah adap satabret kadit lasuak - ,nakadnit uata naraju itrepes ajas kisif gnay lah

nasalik ,retkarak pakis nahaburep pukgnacnem aguj ipatet - nasalik

nasutupek ,ayngnadnap - ,aynnasutupek lebairav idajnem gnay alages nad

.)62 : 7002 ,notnatS( aynirid malad habugnep


8

941 :7002( orotnaigruN turuneM - igabid tapad rula napahat )051

pahat )1( utiay ,napahat amil idajnem noisautis pahat ,naisautiynep pahat uata

p nad nasikulep isireb amaturet gnay .atirec hokot nad ratal isautis nalanegne

nad lawa isamrofni nairebmep ,atirec naakubmep pahat nakapurem ini pahaT

nial - adap nakhasikid gnay atirec naupmut isadnalem kutnu isgnufreb ,nial

.ayntukireb pahat

pahaT )2( secnatsmucric gnitareneg mep pahat uata ,kilfnok nalucnu

awitsirep nad halasam - ialum kilfnok aynidajret tuluynem gnay awitsirep

uti nad ,kilfnok aynlucnum lawa pahat nakapurem ini pahat idaJ .naklucnumid

kilfnok idajnem nakgnabmekid uata nad gnabmekreb naka iridnes - kilfnok

.ayntukireb pahat adap

pahaT )3( noitca gnisir gnay kilfnok ,kilfnok natakgninep pahat uata

nad gnabmekreb nikames aynmulebes pahat adap naklucnumid halet

awitsirep ,aynsatisnetni radak nakgnabmekid - idajnem gnay kitamard awitsirep

nakgnagenem nad makgnecnem nikames atirec itni kilfnoK . - gnay kilfnok

nagnatnetrep ,aynaudek nupuata ,lanretske ,lanretni ,idajret - ,nagnatnetrep

narutneb - ratna narutneb ek haragnem gnay hokot nad ,halasaM .nagnitnepek

.iradnihid tapad kat nikames skamilk

pahaT )4( xamilc uata ad kilfnok ,skamilk pahat nagnatnetrep uata n -

hokot arap adapek nakapmitid uata nad iulalid gnay ,idajret gnay nagnatnetrep

atirednep nad ukalep iagabes skamilK .kacnup satisnetni kitit iapacnem atirec


9

ikilimem ajas nikgnum gnajnap gnay atirec haubeS .amatu kilfnok idajnem

ad hibel .skamilk utas ir

pahaT )5( tnemeuoned halet gnay kilfnok ,naiaseleynep pahat uata

kilfnok ,nakrodnekid nagnagetek ,naiaseleynep irebid skamilk iapacnem -

.irikaid atirec ,raulek nalaj irebid aguj ada akij nahabmat nahabmat kilfnok

iuhategnem haletes ,idaJ atres levon malad tapadret gnay rula napahat

,icnir araces aynsisilanagnem laisos isautis narabmag akam - naajarek kitilop

malad ilakes salej tahilret gnajaP naajareK nad kameD sV teberaK levoN

gnasgnaneP . P ini naitilene laisos isautis nakagnidnabmem naka -p gnay kitilo

laisos isautis nagned levon malad idajret - .harajes turunem kitilop

.1 3.6 artsaS igoloisoS

gnatnet haimli nad fitkejbo gnay haalet halada igoloisos takgnis araceS

.laisos sesorp nad agabmel gnatnet haalet ;takaraysam malad aisunam

reb igoloisoS ,naknikgnumid takaraysam anamiagab uhat iracnem ahasu

irajalepmem nagneD .ada patet ai anamiagab nad ,gnusgnalreb ai anamiagab

agabmel - ,naamagaek ,naimonokerep halasam alages nad laisos agabmel

nial nad ,kitilop - ynaumes gnay nial os rutkurts nakapurem uti a lais ,onomaD(

)6 : 5791


01

malad aisunam nagned nasurureb artsas ,igoloisos aynlah itrepeS

nad irid nakiauseynem kutnu aisunam ahasu ,takaraysam malad aisunam

aynhuggnuses ,isi lah malaD .uti takaraysam habugnem kutnu aynahasu

sam igabreb artsas nad igoloisos ,levon naikimed nagneD .amas gnay hala

ahasu iagabes paggnaid tapad ,ini irtsudni namaz malad artsas amatu erneg

nagned aisunam nagnubuh :ini laisos ainud ilabmek nakatpicnem kutnu

malaD .ayniagabes nad ,aragen ,kitilop ,aynnagnukgnil ,aynagraulek

itregnep ,laisos rutsket nagned nasurureb levon salej ,inrum retnemukod na

6 :5791 ,onomaD( igoloisos nasuru idajnem aguj gnay kitilop nad ,imonoke -

7).

awhab naitregnep nakrasadreb levon itilenem ayas ini nailenep malaD

aisunam malad aisunam nagned nasurureb artsas ahasu ,takaraysam malad

takaraysam habugnem kutnu aynahasu nad irid nakiauseynem kutnu aisunam

.uti gnay takaraysam malad id aisunam nagnubuh malad kapmat uti laH

levon malad id tapadret .gnasgnaneP sV teberaK latnek ini levon anamiD

oloisos asnaun nagned .artsas ig

.1 4.6 laisoS

malaD igoloisoS sumaK , halada laisoS naanekreb ukalirep nagned

nay uata ,lanosrep retni :5891 ,otnakeos onojraS( laisos sesorp nagned tiakret g

.)464 idajret nad nugnabid gnay utauses halada laisos sbocaJ htieK turuneM


11

haubes malad gnay utauses halada laisos ,ttelyA htuR igaB .satinumok sutis

.isargetniret nad nerehni patet numan naadebrep haubes iagabes imahapid

udividni araces aisunam halmuj radekes irad hibel laisos ,tsenrE luaP igaB

.amasreb nataigek malad tahilret akerem anerak arac uti laisos C.M adnE igaB

,namreH retreP igaB .nagnubuhreb gnilas udividni arac anamiagab gnatnet

nakapurem patet numan naadebrep iagabes imahapid gnay utauses utiay laisos

irad itni utauses halada laisos ,irhaF nignE igaB .nautasek utas iagabes

miagab naktabedrepid aguj hisam nupualaw nagnubuhreb udividni arap ana

.tubesret udividni arap nagnubuh alop gnatnet )02 :1102 ,idrapuS(

turuneM sumaK raseB aisenodnI asahaB os , s lai naanekreb halada

nagned naanekreb ;takaraysam nagned naanekreb ;kayalahk nagned ;mumu

epmem nad gnolonem akus ,kkd ytieM ridqaT( mumu nagnitnepek nakitahr

5801 :8002 .) s utaus halada takaraysaM i rad mets i irad ,arac atat nad naasaibek

ad ,nagnologgnep nad kopmolek iagabreb aratna amasajrek nad gnanewew n

ek atres ukal hakgnit nasawagnep nasabeb - takaraysaM .aisunam nasabebek

os nanilaj nanimaj nakapurem s ( .habureb ulales takaraysam nad ,lai ,idrapuS

:1102 .)42

iagabes imahapid laisos isautis ini naitilenep malaD laisos naadaek

isautis ,irikgnupid asib kat ipatet takaraysam id idajret gnay idajret gnay laisos

rotkaf nakapulem kat atres amases ratna nagnubuh irah kiab takaraysam id

ihuragnepemem tagnas takaraysam nipmimep iagabes asaugneP .asaugnep


21

utnet malsI amagareb asaugnep taas aynlasiM .aynmalad id idajret gnay laisos

am takaraysam ajas narilareb aynasaugnep taas uata malsI idajnem aynsatiroy

narila idajnem aguj huragnepret naka ayntakaraysam ajas utnet newajeK

.newajeK

.1 5.6 kitiloP

atak irad lasareb kitilop halitsI silop aynitra gnay ,)inanuY asahab(

n atak iraD .atok arage silop sahid atak nakli - ,atak aietilop tra , lah alages ayni

ianegnem lawhi n agraw aynitra setilop ;arage n arage ( .idrapuS :1102 )031 .

malaD igoloisos sumaK naktapadnem kutnu nagnaujrep halada kitilop ,

)362 :5891 ,otnakeoS onojraS( naasaukek nagned alup nalajes ini laH .

gnay apa halada kitilop ,tafasliF sumaK nalad tapadret gnay naitregnep

isaler nagned natiakreb gnay satifitkA ;hatniremep nagned nagnubuhreb - isaler

asgnab aratna - kopmolek nad asgnab - gnay aynnial laisos kopmolek

asaukek naanuggnep arakrep nagned nagnubuhreb turunem :aragen na

nakapurem kitiloP .sitkarp nauhategnep gnabac nakapurem kitilop ,seletotsirA

aisunam nagned nasurureb gnay akite irad naigab .kopmolek nataigek malad

nagnanuredneceK .)atok aragen( siloP kulkam kulkam halada aisunaM

aisunam irad haimala kopmolek malad kadnitreb ,kopmolek kutnebmem halai

:6991 ,sugaB tneroL ( kopmolek iagabes kadnitreb nad 758 )

malaD sumaK raseB aisenodnI asahaB , p imem kitilo il ik lah itra - lah

malad tasais pukacnem gnay nasuru ;aragen atat nagned naanekreb gnay


31

nahatniremep kitkat ,kadnitreb arac ;nial aragen padahret uata aragen ridkaT(

8002 ,kkd ytieM : 688 ) . uti gnipmasiD , naanekreb paggnaid ilakgnires kitilop

ijnaj ,aud akumreb nad nagnaretsuretek nagnohobek ,ayad upit agned - ijnaj

macna salabmem nad macnagnem ,imorpmok nad igaB .ayniagabes nad na

gnay napudihek nad nalidaek iracnem halada kitilop ,seletotsirA nad otalP

iab halada kitilop ,sebboH igaB .k k tno id akij gnay aisunam lor nakraib

kurub ,laturb ,haimala araces pudih naka ,iridnes akerem kadnehek iturunem

p rumureb nad tukignep nad matneB igaB .kedne - tilop ,ayntukignep i halada k

ikiabrepmem nad ihunemem kutnu aisunam helo nakanugid tapad gnay anaras

pek elok nupuam idabirp nagnitne amasreb fitk - pisnirp malad amas

elo nakanugid gnay tala halada kitilop ,kraM igaB .nagnanesek k utaus h e sal

gnay salek padahret aynsalek naknahatrepmem isatolpkegnem gnay

isatiolpkeid B( tlesoH F tre , 8891 )243 : .

iagabes nakismusaid kitilop ini naitilenep malaD igretarts nad tasais

arac atres ,nial naajarek nakkulkanem kutnu - isasilibomem kutnu arac

.asaugnep itukignem kutnu kaynab takaraysam aguj kusamret ini lah malaD

uam takaraysam aggnihes amaga aman sata nakukalid gnay naisanirtkodnep

.asaugnep nagnitnepek imed agar awij paneges nagned gnaujreb

7.1 naitileneP edoteM

atak irad lasareb edoteM dohtem ,so saul hibel gnay naitregnep malad

aid edotem arac iagabes paggn - etarts ,arac ,satilaer imahamem kutnu ig


41

hakgnal - tabika babes naiakgnar nakhacemem kutnu sitametsis hakgnal

arac nagned nakukalid ini edoteM .)43 :1102 ,antaR( ayntukireb

tkaf nakispirksidnem a- malaD .sisilana nagned lususid naidumek gnay atkaf

nasalejnep irebmem aguj naknialem ,nakiarugnem aynah kadit sisilana ini lah

:1102 ,antaR( aynpukuces namahamep nad 35 .)

m nakanuggnem silunep ini naitilenep malaD fitatilauk edote gnay

aitahrep nakirebmem aynnagnubuh malad atad ,haimala atad padahret n

araC .aynaadarebek sketnok nagned - edotem gnorodnem gnay halini arac

aynnarilig adap naitilenep babes edotem iagabes paggnaid fitatilauk

s alajeg nakub naitilenep kejbO .laisos alajeg raseb halmujes naktabilem laiso

laisos alajeg aynlubmit gnorodnem urtsuj gnay ,fitnatsbus kutneb iagabes

ialin takekah naknahatrepmem fitatilauk naitileneP .tubesret - malaD .ialin

takaraysam babes takaraysam apureb tapad aynatad rebmus artsas igoloisos

artsas ayrak naklisahgnem gnay .tubesret ( :1102 ,antaR )74

nakispirkidnem arac nagned nakukalid sisilana fitpirksid edoteM

atkaf - ispirksid sigolimite araceS .sisilana nagned lususid naidumek gnay atkaf

tareb sisilana nad i lasareb gnay sisilana ,naikimed nupikseM .nakiarugnem

ahab irad ,inanuY as nieylana ( ’ana‘ ‘ ,sata = nieyl ’ halet ,)iaru ,sapel =

atames kadit ,nahabmat itra nakirebid - aguj naknialem nakiarugnem atam

aynpukuces nasalejnep nad namahamep nakirebmem ( antaR , :1102 )35 .


51

.1 1.7 natakedneP

kanugid naka gnay natakedneP lad na halada ini naitilenep ma

p natakednep irad nagnabmekrep nakapurem gnay artsas igoloisos natakedne

artsas ayrak imahamem ini natakednep )9 :7891( onomaD turuneM .kitemim

.natakaraysamek laisos kepsa nad satilaer nagned aynnagnubuh malad

arsas ayrak alupigaL naigabes napudihek aggnihes ,napudihek nakijaynem

mala urinem aguj artsas ayrak nupualaw ,laisos naataynek irad iridret raseb

.aisunam sativitkejbus atres

iges nakgnabmitrepmem gnay artsas padahret natakedneP - iges

igoloisos tubesid tubesret natakaraysamek amatu isnetop arac aud adA .artsas

awhab napaggna adap nakrasadreb gnay amatreP .artsas igoloisos malad

irad karegreb ini natakedneP .akaleb laisos sesorp nimrec nakapurem artsas

rotkaf - uti artsaS .artsas gnatnet nakaracibmem kutnu artsas raul id rotkaf

es rotkaf nagned aynnagnubuh malad ayrakreb aynah iridn - raul id rotkaf

naahalenep nahab iagabes artsas sket ini natakednep malad saleJ .artsas

iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid gnay edotem utas halas iagabes artsas igoloisos

ugid naidumek ,artsas sket malad rutkurts alajeg imahamem kutnu alup nakan

2 :9791 ,onomaD( ada gnay ayadub laisos - )3 rula rusnu itilenem naka siluneP .

naadaek itilenem kutnu natabmej iagabes levon malad id gnudnakret gnay

os s lai - sos isautis aratna nagnidnabrep atres levon malad ada gnay kitilop ial-

kitilop gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK isautis nagned levon malad

os s lai - .harajes malad ada gnay kitilop


61

2.7.1 ataD nalupmugneP edoteM

1.2.7.1 adnat nakirebmem nad tatacnem ,acabmeM .akatsuP idutS

gnatnet naidajek edotem nagned iauses gnay ukal hakgnit uata

kednep sirotsih nata levon adap tapadret gnay sV teberaK

gnasgnaneP ayrak .aytesuS nawaW

2.2.7.1 ,gnaragnep laisos sketnok nagned tiakret gnay atad hilimeM

artsas laisos isgnuf nad ,laisos satilaer nimrec iagabes artsas

ituk apureb gnay atad kutneb malad nakdujuwid gnay nap .

.1 3.7 ataD sisilanA edoteM

m nakanuggnem silunep ini naitilenep malaD fitatilauk edote gnay

aynnagnubuh malad atad ,haimala atad padahret naitahrep nakirebmem

araC .aynaadarebek sketnok nagned - edotem gnorodnem gnay halini arac

gabes paggnaid fitatilauk aynnarilig adap naitilenep babes edotem ia

laisos alajeg nakub naitilenep kejbO .laisos alajeg raseb halmujes naktabilem

laisos alajeg aynlubmit gnorodnem urtsuj gnay ,fitnatsbus kutneb iagabes

aitileneP .tubesret kah naknahatrepmem fitatilauk n i ialin tak -n malaD .iali

takaraysam babes takaraysam apureb tapad aynatad rebmus artsas igoloisos

nem gnay tubesret artsas ayrak naklisahg ( :1102 ,antaR )74 .

nakispirkidnem arac nagned nakukalid sisilana fitpirksid edoteM

atkaf - silana nagned lususid naidumek gnay atkaf ispirksid sigolimite araceS .si


71

areb sisilana nad rti lasareb gnay sisilana ,naikimed nupikseM .nakiarugnem

,inanuY asahab irad nieylana ( ’ana‘ ‘ ,sata = nieyl ’ halet ,)iaru ,sapel =

atames kadit ,nahabmat itra nakirebid - nakiarugnem atam , aguj naknialem

bmem aynpukuces nasalejnep nad namahamep nakire ( antaR , :1102 )35 .

levon nakiarugnem silunep ,ini naitilenep malaD sV teberaK

gnasgnaneP atad naklupmugnem nagned - ,naklupmukid hadus gnay atad

iulalem tapet araces nakiaruid naidumek naijak ilana utiay larutkurts rula sis

tis nad laisos isau - ,levon malad kitilop tapad halasam nasumur aggniheS

.ini naitilenep malad bawajret

.1 4.7 ataD sisilanA lisaH naijayneP edoteM

edotem nakanuggnem silunep ,atad sisilana lisah naijaynep malaD

da fitpirksed naitileneP .fitpirksed nakujutid gnay naitilenep kutneb utaus hala

anemonef nakisirksidnem kutnu - haimala anemonef kiab ,ada gnay anemonef

,kutneb apureb asib uti anemonef ,aisunam nataub anemonef nupuam

ratna naadebrep nad ,naamasek ,nagnubuh ,nahaburep ,kitsiretkarak ,sativitka a

onef y nemonef nagned utas gnay anem an nakapurem fitpirksed edoteM .nial g

nakisaterpretnignem nad atad nakispirksednem ahasureb gnay naitilenep

gnay tapadnep ,ada gnay nagnubuh uata isidnok naklasim ,utauses

ika ,gnusgnalreb gnades gnay sesorp ,gnabmekreb gnatnet uata ,aynidajret tab

.gnusgnalreb hagnet gnay nagnanurednecek


81

.1 5.7 ataD rebmuS

luduJ gnasgnaneP sV teberaK :

gnaragneP aytesuS nawaW :

tibreneP ainamI tibreneP :

tibreT nuhaT : 1102

labeT namalah 243 :

8.1 naijayneP akitametsiS

itilenep lisaH amatrep baB .bab tapme malad nakijasid naka ini na

naujut ,halasam nasumur ,gnakaleb ratal irad iridret gnay ,nauluhadnep isireb

,edotem ,iroet nasadnal ,akatsip nauajnit ,naitilenep taafnam ,naitilenep

aud baB .naijaynep akitametsis nad ,natakednep silana levoN malad rula si

gnasgnaneP sV teberaK baB . agit isireb nagnidnabrep laisos isautis - kitilop

naajarek D kame gnajaP naajarek nad laisos isautis nagned harajes isrev -

levon malad kitilop gnasgnaneP sV teberaK laisos isautis iuhategnem haletes ,

kitilop . aleS bab id tapadret naras nad nalupmisek ayntujn tapme .


91

II BAB

LEVON RULA SISILANA GNASGNANEP SV TEBERAK NAWAW AYRAK

AYTESUS

awitsirep adap naktarebkititid rula sisilanA - naturu malad gnitnep awitsirep

rula kutnebmem gnay utkaw gnasgnaneP sV teberaK ruN . napahat igabmem orotnaig

natakgninep pahat ,kilfnok nalucnumep pahat ,naisautiynep pahat idajnem tubesret

sisilanA .)941 :7002 ,orotnaigruN( naiaseleynep pahat nad ,skamilk pahat ,kilfnok

levon rula gnasgnaneP sV teberaK :tukireb iagabes nakiaruid naka ini

1.2 pahaT noitautiS naisautiyneP uata

malad lawa pahat halada naisautiynep pahaT gnasgnaneP sV teberaK levon .

levon malad naisautiynep pahaT gnasgnaneP sV teberaK nad nasikulep isireb

hokot nad ratal isautis nalanegnep - ajnem aguj ini pahaT .atirec hokot akubmep id

nakhasikid naka gnay atirec isadnalem gnay atirec lawa isamrofni nairebmep ,atirec

.tukireb pahat adap

)8741( awaJ nuhat uata akaS nuhat 0041 nuhat adap ilawaid ini levon atireC

ek baba narasik - halet gnay tihapajaM naajareK isautis ianegnem 51 lagnem ima

anerak aynmalad id tulemek naajareK ubarP helo nakgnabmutid halet tihapajaM

idba aud atresreb V ayajiwarB ubarP aggnihes irideK ajaR anahdrawardiriG

gnoggneG ayaN nad nolaP adbaS aynhisanik nad uwaL gnunuG kacnup ujunem i a


02

mulebeS .anas id askom sata tadahays tamilak nakpacnugnem uaileb tafaw uaileb

.agaJ ilaK nanuS nagnibmib

awaJ id katelret gnay tihapajaM naajareK halada ini levon ratal nalanegneP

saugnem nagned tihapajaM helorepid hanrep gnay naayajek nagned rumiT ia

aratnasuN awardniriG ubarP . IV ayajiwarB ubarP iagabes aynirid mialkgnem anahdr

: ini napituk malad tapadret gnay itrepeS .tihapajaM naajareK surenep

erhB amanreb gnay ,uwaL gnunuG id V ayajiwarB ubarP aynaskoMralegreb gnay anadraW asajaR saila araganiS ubarP usgnub artup imuhbatreK arap igab maladnem gnay akud naklaggninem aggnihes ,VI ayajiwarB ubarP

hayaW artup kar atres aynhutnur atreS .tihapajaM tay K ajare na M tihapajaaila anadrawardiriG ubarP nakukalid gnay rakam nakadnit helo nakbabesid s

ajaR ,awabarparuS hayD ubarP K meK .iride anahdrawardniriG ubarP naidu gnas nanipmimepek surenep uata itnaggnep iagabes aynirid mialkgnem ,IV ayajiwarB ubarP ralegreb nagned )V ayajiwarB ubarP( ajar adnigab

ayajiwarB ubarP aratna harad nagnubuh ada kadit lahadap ubarP nagned V anahdrawardiriG lh( m . )2 .

.

haletes IV ayajiwarB ubarP ralegreb gnay anahdrawardiriG ubarP nakatireciD

kadit ai nakanerakid ayntaykar rumkam taubmem tapad tihapajaM id ajar idajnem

: V ayajiwarB ubarP nahatniremep helo halak uam

g nad riteg asarem taykar aynmulebes nupikseM harpik uggnunem taas gnama .gnanes idajnem taykar naataynek ipatet ,awabarP aruS ubarP nakarbeg nad gnas nanipmimepek aynsugab anerak nial kat tihapajaM taykar naaigahabeK

raneb awabarP aruS ubarP gnas nanipmimepeK .ubarP - nagned iauses ranebaruS ;aynankam areb r gnay nataukek utauses halada awabarP gnades ,aweD it

nad naaatawedek ranis ranis uata nataukek ikilimem ubarP gnaS utaus aynitra amlejnem aynirid adap arua idajnem mlh( . )81 .

iside tihapajaM asam adap naamagaek napudiheK - nanipmip nagned ini 2

ubarP aynuluhadnep nagned anamiagabes narelot nagned nalajreb anadrawardniriG

udniH amaga kulemep iagrahgnem aynah kadit ubarP gnaS .V ayajiwarB ubarP -


12

ahduB nanitabek mahap utaus tukignep( tayahgnep muak itamrohgnem aguj ipatet ,

ilsa naayacrepek narila uata awaJ M muak nad ) .aynnamazid pudih gnay nimilsu H la

udniH amaga ilha nakapurem awabarparuS ubarP nakbabesid uti - ai itkubret ,ahduB

eb iasaugnem ahdeW artsas batik iagabr mlh( . )02 .

tapil amlaj‘ nagned kitnedi gnay anahdrawardnairiG ubarP naupmameK

tamat taparpes gnaro helo ikilimid kat gnay nahibelek ikilimem gnay gnaro inkay ’

gnaro naukagnep turunem ,nial - ayacrepid ubarP gnaS anerak ,ayntaked gnaro

ini laH .aynamkus malad ek kusam gnay raseb ajar irad nasitit nakapurem

barP gnaS awhab naktaraysignem roes halada u reb rameg gnay gna ,atarb apat

nagned isakinumokreb tapad aggnihes )biag hayaliw( nial ainud mlh( . )12 .

ubarP aynaskom nagned ilawaid ini levon malad kapmat gnay naisautiyneP

nakitnagid V ayajiwarB ubarP are tihapajaM naajareK aynhutnur nad V ayajiwarB

d aynirid mialkgnam nad anahdrawardnairiG ubarP are tihapajaM naajareK nagne

nad isautiS .IV ayajiwarB ubarP ralegreb gnay tihapajaM atkhat surenep iagabes

naadaek halini tihapajaM napahat malad amatrep kilfnok naklucnumem naka gnay

.ayntujnales rula

n malaD levo gnasgnaneP sV teberaK nad hokot nalanegnep , gnittes atirec

sV teberaK levon anerak ini laH .lawa id gnusgnal araces liatednem naksalejid kadit

bus malad igabret gnasgnaneP - gnittes nad hokot nalanegnep ,idaJ .igal luduj bus

ad idajret suret naka atirec .atirec luduj pait mal


22

2.2 pahaT sesnatsucriC gnitareneG kilfnoK nalucnumeP pahaT uata

halasaM .naklucnumid ialum lawa kilfnok akitek pahat nakapurem ini pahaT -

awitsirep uata halasam - ialum kilfnok aynidajret tuluynem gnay awitsirep

kilfnoK .naklucnumid ayntukireb pahat adap kilfnok idajnem gnabmekreb naka

.)941 :7002 ,orotnaigruN(

levon malad kilfnok nalucnumeP gnasgnaneP sv teberaK irad ialumid

nadujuwrep iagabes orotniB kameD nanatlusaK uata kameD notareK naisaralkednep

atrep malsI naajareK ayniridreb id am T 1841( akaS nuhat 3041 nuhat adap awaJ hana

helo utnabid natluS gnejnaK ,aynnahatniremep malad orotniB kameD nanatlusaK .)M

kitilop tahisanep iagabes agajilaK nanuS ,amatrep :inkay ,aynamatu utnabmep arap

k ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK nahatniremep nad iagabes malaS anaW hitaP ,aude

B kameD nanatlusaK hitap tarukgnaM hitaP tubesid ,orotni ; k nanuS ,agite K sudu

kameD nanatlusaK uti nialeS .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK gnarep amilgnaP iagabes

tagnas gnay isisop adap agnaS ilaW naadarebek naktapenem aguj orotniB ,sigretarts

gnitret isamitigel gnagemem gnay agabmel utiay naamagaek nasuru malad ig mlh( .

62 - )72 .

nagned orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naisaralkednep aynnakgnadnamukiD

naktegagnem utnet ,I rabkA malA hayS natluS gnejnaK ralegreb gnay aynnatluS

B .gnaro kaynab sarem gnay anahdrawardnairiG ubarP aynah naku ipatet ,tujekret a

itapida arap nad naka hataP nedaR .gnuggnemut tapadnem kadit gnay nagnatnat

hataP nedaR aynlah amas kameD nanatlusaK naisaralkednep ,amatrep ;anerak nagnir

wardnairiG ubarP naasaukek gnatnanem hataP nedaR nainarebek ,audeK .anahdra


32

naka nanikgnumek ,V ayajiwarB ubarP nanipmimepek surenep iagabes mialkgnem

artup inkay atokham artup irad has sirawep helo gnatnetid - ,nuynabmeP onteR irtup

wD uyA utaR irusiamrep nagned V ayajiwarB ubarP amatrep irtup ,agiteK .itawara

urubret gnay nakadnit iagabes ialinid hataP nedaR naisaralkednep - ,tapmeeK .urub

kutnu ajaR nagned amas gnay bawaj gnuggnat ikilimem natluS iagabes hataP nedaR

aysam napudihek nakarethajesnem bawaj gnuggnatreb itapida arap ,amileK .ayntakar

nad maga kulemep nataukek isnetsiske nakaynatrepmem gnuggnemut ,malsI a

muak halmuj tagnignem M aas nimilsu satironim hisam gnologret uti t mlh( . 53 - )73 .

uam kadit uam gnameM .iriG adnaK naaracibmep nagned takapes ayaS“ed napadahreb naka utnet orotniB kameD ,aynnahalasamrep ,tihapajaM nagn

ipadahgnem upmam ini gnugaj rumues urab gnay orotniB kameD hakapa.gnanoB nanuS raju ”?tihapajaM nataukek

ini aynitsem ,kameD nataukek napaisek laos olak“ ,nakatagnem iriG nanuS”.suduK adniD bawaj gnuggnat

adniD anamiagaB .aynipaggnanem I rabkA malA hayS natluS ?suduK kameD tirujarp nataukek nalaosrep gnameM“ :aracib takgna suduK nanuS ulrep hisam ayas turunem idaj ,natluS gnejnaK ,ayas bawaj gnuggnat gnamem

”.tihapajaM ek gnareynem uata ipadahgnem pais kutnu igal utkaw aT“ awhab ”,alup ipaggnanem agajilaK nanuS“ ,suduK adnaK ,tagni ip

napaisek halasam ,uti anerak helo ,gnareynem halada kiab gnay nanahatrepahid areges tagnas utnet kameD tirujarp tihapajaM gnareynem imed nakpar ”

mlh( . 83 - )93 .

ob gnais id ritep rabmasid iagaB haletes anahdrawardnairiG ubarP gnas gnol

atres hataP nedaR helo orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naisaralkednep rabak ragnednem

nonok gnay agnaS ilaW malad gnubagret gnay amalu nasirab helo gnukudid

raneb aI .asaib raul naitkasek ikilimem - ak akgnaynem kat raneb gnaidnem artup ual

aksapelem kutnu ilayn iaynupmem uti V ayajiwarB ubarP naasaukek irad irid n

tihapajaM mlh( . )45 .


42

gnareynem naka hataP nedaR ualak agudnem nup awahbarparuS hayD ubarP

rideK gnileK id ajaR idajnem gnay aynartup liggnamem ai akaM .tihapajaM kutnu i

.gnilK I arattahB ajarahaM irS akudaP ralegreb aynartuP .uti halasam sahabmem

aynartup adapek awahbarparuS hayD ubarP raju ”,ayajiwanaR hayD reggN“ anasaggnis awhab haltahil ”,naluworT anatsi id naumetrep utaus malad

ipmi adnamaR gnay tihapajaM - pmi !naataynek idajnem halet ini amales naki hataP nedaR ataynret tihapajaM nipmimem uka nuhat agit ratikes haleteS“

raneb - idajnem aynnetapidak nakisaralkednem kutnu ilayn ikilimem raneb!orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

bmem ayajiwanaR hayD raju ”,amaR gnejnaK raneB“ nup ayas ”,nakrane nakisaralkednem hataP nedaR nainarebeK .uti itrepes nakarikrepmem padahret gnarep gnatnanem nagned aynlah amas orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

!tihapajaM hisam anerak nitahirp tagnas umadnamaR ini gnarakes apateb ,ukartuP“

sum gnay sagut kaynab nakarethajeynem niales ,nakukal adnamaR itaticreb umadnamaR ,tihapajaM taykar napudihek - nakutaynem kadneh atic

.kayokret gnay tihapajaM nahutuek ilabmek itah nahadnugek nakasarem tuki aguj nupabmah ,amaR gnejnaK raneB“

gnayasid tagnas gnameM .amaR gnejnaK kayokret tihapajaM akij nak - kayok .irid naksapelem gnay gnuggnemut nad itapida kaynab anerak gnarakes itrepes nakilabmegnem surah atik aggnihes ,omor gnejnaK ,nakraibid helob kadit inI ”,kuruW mayaH ubarP nanipmimepek asam adap itrepes tihapajaM naayajek

u ”.aynartup raj abiT“ - :naklusugnem nahaW uW ,tihapajaM rasebmep gnaroes halas abit

areges atik aynkiabes kadit hakapa ,ubarP itsuG ,nupma nohoM“m tnu idnas kilet arap nakmirigne u iatamem k - ”?kameD napaisrep iatam

em :ubarP gnaS atak ”!nahaW uW ,umatak raneB“ areges aynkiabes gnam ek naiatnignep nakukalem raga atik idnas kilet arap nakhatnirep uakgne

”?akerem nataukek aynraseb aparebes ,orotniB kameD ”.ubarP itsuG ,akidneS“

igal taig hibel surah tihapajaM tirujarp gnarakes kajes ,uti nialeS“ nahital nakadagnem uak surah irideK tirujarp kusamreT !ukartuP ,gnarep

utkawes aggnihes ,gnatam araces nakpaisrep - orotniB kameD tirujarp utkawgnareynem aynipadahgnem pais hadus atik , mlh( ” . 45 - )75 .

tihapajaM nagned kameD aratna ubuk aud aynumetreb ,kalep kaT

aktabikagnem gnagerem tirujarp kaynab nakbabeynem gnay gnareP .tayshad gnarep n


52

ubarP ignaremem ,nimilsuM muak igaB .harad narumulreb nad awayn

gnarep nagned kitnedi anahdrawardnairiG dahij ,malsI mukuh malad babeS .

kerem natamalesek macnagnem gnay rifak muak ignaremem gnarep‘ nakapurem a

nakukalem halet anahdrawardnairiG ubarP igalapa ,amaga nakranebid gnay ’icus

padahret haradreb ateduk V ayajiwarB ubarP nanipmimepek mlh( . )46 .

.ayntirujarp odnamognem suduK nanuS itapaneS ”!gnaaaaaar....eeeeeS“ tak ”!...uktirujarp iaH“ arP a ” ,gnatnal anahdrawardnairiG ub A ipadah oy

mlh( !...akerem . )56 .

amas ubuk audek ,uti nagnarepep malaD - tirujarP .raseb halmujreb amas

amas tihapajaM tirujarp nad kameD - nup nagnarepeP .asakrep nad tauk tahilret amas

lo iamar nad ures tagnas gnusgnalreb araus he - ajab gnemat nad gnadep narutneb araus

araus nakairet ragnedret uti nagnarepep malad alup gnaraj kaT .tirujarp arap

!.......hga“ nawal atajnes anekret anerak ”! mlh( . 56 - )66 .

,ayadreb kat aggnih amal tagnas fitaler utkaw nakamem gnay nagnarepeP

ret .narupmetrep naktujnalem kutnu igal tauk kat akerem tihapajaM ubuk id amatu

narupmeg imed narupmeg ipadahgnem natoperek asarem tihapajaM tirujarp aynapuR

.rudnum aynrihka nup tihapajaM tirujarp ,naD .kameD tirujarp

ubarP ”!!...rudnuM!!...rudnuM!!...rudnuM“ kairetreb anahdrawardnairiGnal rudnum iskurtni nakirebmem gnat mlh ( . )76 .

tiribret iral tihapajaM tirujarp tahileM - tirib ,narupmetrep nadem naklaggninem

p karosreb kamed tirujar - nakhab ,akerem irad naigabeS .nagnat kupetreb libmas gnair

airetreb gnay ada :gnatnal k

nanuS ,kameD itaponeS gnaS uti aratnemeS ”!!!.......uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuH“ .narupmetrep ihaduynem kutnu naktaraysignem areges nupsuduK


62

tapad halet orotniB kameD tirujarp atreseb suduK nanuS ,nupanamiagaBaas muleB ”.tihapajaM tirujarp rudnum lukumem orotniB kameD aynt

saugnem uduK nanuS mamug ”!tihapajaM ia s mlh( . )76 .

K romap nakbabeynem tubesret laH takgninem orotnib kameD naajare

irad gnuggnemuT nad itapidA helo inagesid orotniB kameD nanatlusaK aggnihes

gnuggnemuT irad kaynab ayntabika ,nial haread idajnem tubesret itapidA nad

.kameD naajareK utukes idajnem atres nakkulkatid surah apnat kameD nakkulkat

malad seskA .apiwdawaJ id malsI amaga narabeynep adap alup kefereb ajas utneT

haread ek kusam kutnu hadum hibel malsI amaga narabeynep - .nial haread

ipadahgnem ayntirujarp nahalakek nakiskaynem anahdrawardnairiG ubarP

,tirujarp kaynab nakharegnem halet ai lahadaP .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK nagnares

helo gnusgnal odnamokid gnay irideK irad nakgnatadid gnay aratnet alab amaturet

.ayajiwanaR hayD aynartup nikgnames itrareb ,tihapajaM kahip id nahalakek nagneD

aticreb ai lahadap ,ubarP gnaS helo ipadahid gnay bawaj gnuggnat raseb - kadneh atic

kayokret gnay tihapajaM naasaukek hayaliw ilabmek nakutaynem - surah aI .kayok

ead saulrepmem imed igal tikgnab ukek har id raga tihapajaM naasa gnajnapes gnanek

.asam

N“ id tapmas haletes taases anahdrawardnairiG udarp atak ayajiwanaR regg kameD nanatlusaK nataukek asaib raul huggnus gnamem ataynret ”,naluworT

o atak raneB .suduK nanuS ayngnarep amilgnap nipmipid gnay orotniB gnaratar sata id asaib raul gnay nataukek utaus iaynupmem agnaS ilaW awhab - atar

”.asaib gnaro naupmamek ”,itkeb habmes nakrutnahgnem ayajiW anaR hayD ”,amaR gnejnaK raneB“ nupikseM .orotniB kameD tirujarp nataukek asaib raul huggnus gnamem

b muleb akerem akerem aynnaataynek ipatet ,gnarep malad namalagnep kayna”.tihapajaM tirujarp rudnum lukumem tapad


72

huggnus nikgnames surah atik ,reggn ,aynbabes haluti ,haN“ - malad huggnus gnaluret ini taas gnarep nahalakek nagnaj ,atik tirujarp arap gnelbmeggnem

.ilabmek ” “ huwahd nahiggnisaK ”.amaR gnejnaK ,

id itrepes ayaj ilabmek tihapajaM raga naknignignem umadnamaR lahadaP“ alages naklamitpognem surah atik itrareB .ulud kuruW mayaH ubarP namaj

atic ayniapacret imed atik ayapu nad ayad - ”.ukartuP ,uti raseb atic gnaraB“ nagned ialumem tapad atik ilak gnarp gabeggn netapidak ek

”.tikub idajnem aynrihka tikides imed tikides ,licek netapidak saulrepmem nanigniek ”,anahdrawardnairiG ubarP atak ”,reggn raneB“

adnutid asib kadit gnamem amaR gnejnaK igab hayaliw - lapa ,igal adnut igaem gnarep nahalakek haletes orotniB kameD nagnares ipadahgn mlh( ” . 86 - )07 .

luduj bus malaD D nagniasreP nad araginaK obeK ;araduaS au K obe

agnaneK irtup ,nuyabmeP onteR atirec nagned ilawaid ,lucnum ialum nial kilfnoK .

ayajiwarB ubarP gnaidnem amatrep gnamem ,itawarawD utaR irusiamrep nagned V

targninayaJ itapidA saila targninayadnaH ubarP ,aynimaus amasreb aigahabreb pudih

ikal artup gnaro agitek nad - obeK nedaR ,araginaK obeK nedaR utiay aynikal

irtsaluS obeK ayngnayaS .irtsaruS obeK nedaR nad agnaneK rumureb taas laggninem

nuyabmeP onteR numan ,tihapajaM nasasaukek tasup irad huaj ikseM .nuhat agit

tihapajaM id idajret gnay nagnabmekrep imed nagnabmekrep itukignem ulales

aynadnamaR naasaukek hawab id adareb hisam gniggneP licek naajarek igalapa

agabes ubarP amatrep irtup iagabes nuyabmeP onteR isisoP .tihapajaM ajaR i

ai taas utaus awhab ajas amas tihapajaM ’atokham artup‘ itrareb gnay V ayajiwarB

tihapajaM harajes malad babeS .V ayajiwarB ubarP aynadnahaya nakitnaggnem naka

nej naadebrep lanegnem kadit agitek tihapajaM ajaR awhab itkubreT .nimalek si

rep gnaroes halada iwedaggnutanaubirT utiay naupme mlh ( . 67 - )77 .


82

ikududnem kahreb gnay haluka kalek ”,araginaK obeK atak ”,adnida ,heH“ artup uakgne gnades ,amatrep artup halada uka babeS !gniggneP id athat hibel uak nupiksem awhab naktagnirep uka hadus lawa kajes idaJ !audek

”!ukkah halada gniggneP id nakududek laos ipatet ,ukirad iadnap aynsetorpmem agnaneK obeK“ , at itsum uak ,adnaK“ h !haltikides irid u

I adapirad ahduB amagareb gnodnoc hibel adnak haknakuB aynitra utI ?mals gnejnaK atres adnubI nad adnamaR kajej itukignem kadit adnaK awhab gnayE nad malsI amaga kulemem aynrihka gnay V ayajiwarB ubarP gnayE

!irtuP gnaruK“ “ ,araginaK obeK katreg ”!raja H athat aynnasuru apa adniD he

a nanikayek nagned gniggneP amagareb hilimem halet uak nupikseM ?amag asaugnep idajnem gnay awhab naruta ada ini gniggneP hakapa ipatet malsI

”!uti umnagnadnap raneb kiciP !?malsI amagareb surah haknakub ;gniggneP taykar tahil aboc gnarakeS !adnaK ,utigeb asib kadiT“

m irad satiroyam nakaskamem adnak apagneM ?milsuM halada akere uka ipatet ,amaga lah malad ukab naruta ada kat ikseM ?uti itrepes kadnehek gnay ’atokhaM artuP‘ halaynah ajar idajnem kahreb gnay awhab nikay

”.malsI amagareb taykar satiroyam tagnignem ,malsI amagareb am uaK“ harad kian nup araginaK obeK ”!?adniD ,leud ukgnatnanem u

agned ihalekreb tukat apaiS n inareb kadit uka aynarikid apa ”!?adnaK ,um”!?umnagnatnat inayalem

umnaihalekrep ..nakitneh ...nakitneh...ieh...ieH“ , onteR atak ”!ukartuPkairetreb libmas nuynabmeP - ret kai mlh( . 97 - )18 .

gnamem idaj helob araginaK obeK nad agnaneK obeK aratna naadebreP

kaynim nagned nakutasrepid asib kadit gnay rawat ria itrepes ,imub nad tignal itrepes

gnay aynnagnanesek gnukudnem tagnas ,maidnep araginaK obeK naidabirpeK .hanat

em akus tapmet id iridneyn - obek ,ahduB amaga tunagnep iagabes ,ipes gnay tapmet

akus gnamem araginaK reb - atarb apat .natuh ,aug ,gnunug kacnup id kiab ,

,lusaR hannuS naknalajnem gnay gnaroes halada agnaneK obeK nedaR ,aynkilabeS

s iagabes lanekid aI .hakinem inkay obeK .aynnawak kaynab gnay adumep gnaroe

naraja tiukignem ai kajnemes ipatet ,taat gnay nimilsuM gnaroes halada agnaneK

aluwaK gnilaggnunam‘ - ’itsuG , i b aI .talohs hadabi nakukalem gnaraj ialum a urugre

raneJ itiS hkiayS adapek mlh( . 48 - )58 .


92

K obeK naidumeK gnay raneJ itiS hiayS naurugrep malad fitka agnane

naraja nakrajagnem aluwaK gnialaggnunam‘ - ’itsuG paggnaid agnaneK obeK .

dirum gnaro agit nagned nakaraduasrepid atres roines gnilap gnay dirum iagabes

iK ,rikgniT gnegA iK utiay nial gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS gnegA iK ,hutuB gnegA

as nakub uti naurugrepes gnaro tapmeek ,naikimed nagneD .gnaregN paggnaid aj

araduas iagabes uti gnaro tapmeek akij halrajaW .nagnaujrepes nad itahes aguj ipatet ,

utnabmem gnilas nad ignujnugnem gnilas ilakes barka nagnarukek alages h( ml . 68 -

)88 .

igal nalajreb kat gniggneP id sativitka agnaneK obeK nanipmipmepek kajeS ;

.itam atok itrepes gniggneP id nanalaj apais ada kat ilakes ipeS - apais , p utni - utnip

gnades aynhamur inuhgnep ,aynapuR .pututret gnay kaynab hamur gnelbegn id

ta aynramak reb kutnu aynhadabi gnaur id ua - stunahat uata iblaq fuquw arac nagned

reb nagnat ,majepret atam ,alisreb kudud - pekahdes naukgnap sata id nakatelid uata

raulek isartnesnokreb ayares - nad nagninehek malad tagniid gnaY .safan aynkusam

h uti itrepes nakuysuhkek TWS hallA nagnugaek halayna mlh( . )88 .

eP haread takaraysam nakbabeynem ini laH .malsI amagareb satiroyam gniggn

laisos isautis aynasaib ,ini aratnasuN id naajareK asam adap iuhatek atik itrepeS -

.aynnipmimep kosos adap huragnepret naka aytakaraysam kitilop aynutas halaS

iK halada aynnipmimep ,ini gniggneP susak itrepes amagareb naayacrepek lah malad

iagabes malsI amaga sitamoto ,malsI amaga kulemem gnay agnaneK obeK gnegA

.gniggneP id malsI amaga


03

itiS hkiayS tukignep idajnem agnaneK obeK gnegA iK taas adaP gnay raneJ

mahap tunagnem aluwaK gnilaggnunam‘ - ’itsuG gniggneP takaraysam tahilreT .

gnay kaynab gniggneP takaraysam aggnihes aynipmimep itukignem raseb naigabes

reb kutnu aynhamur id gnelbegn - tagnignem kutnu alisreb kudud arac nagned stunahat

lA nagnugaek imonoke ayntabikA .raneJ itiS hkiayS naraja nagned iauses TWS hal

nagned nakkubisid akerem anerak itam idajnem gniggneP id sativitka nad takaraysam

nataigek - .tubesret nataigek

luduj bus malaD alelabM agnaneK obeK iK nad raneJ itiS hkiayS ialum ,

lucnum sam hala nial ahasureb agnaS ilaW arap nagned amasreb hataP nedaR .

lA ;ralip tapme naksadnalreb nagned malsI tairays mukuh nakkagenem - sidah ,na’ruQ

WAS dammahuM ibaN ,sayiQ nad ksmij’I , nad tkarp i nakukalid gnay naamagaek k

sadnalreb nagned agnaS ilaW arap helo ays :lautirips fitkepserp tapme adap nak ,ta’ir

.tafirkam nad takikah ,takerat agnaneK obeK gnegA iK irad nagnatnat tapadneM

.raneJ itiS hkiayS aynlautirips urug nagned

kameD natluS gnejnaK adapek nawos naka kadit ayas ,gnarakes ialuM“kiayS raju ”,orotniB .aynroines dirum adapek raneJ itiS h

.salejrepmem gnaregN gnegA iK aynat ”?urug utigeb apagneM“ nakududek itrareb ,ajaR uata natluS gnaroes adapek nawos gnay gnarO“ natluS gnejnak padahgnem uka akij alup utigeB .ajaR gnas hawab id akerem

aW araP nad kameD ujnunem uti lah itrareb ,agnaS il k adareb isisop awhab nak nakopedap id ,inis id ,lahadaP !idajret helob kadit utI !kadiT .akerem hawab id ukirtnas aynkaynab apateb haltahiL !lautirps ajaR ;ajaR gnaroes halada uka ini

aread urujnep iagabreb irad gnatad gnay utaus nakub akerem hakapa h.patnam raneJ itiS hkiayS saleJ !?asaib raul hgnay nataukek

abit ”,imak urug ,iahaW“ - nakapa ”,aleynem agnaneK obeK gnegA iK abit”?orotniB kameD natluS gnejnaK adapek nawos surah aguj ayas

adniD “ ;bawajnem lautirips urug gnaS“ nauT haknakub agnaneK obeK !halapa kat ,kameD natluS gnejnaK adapek nawos surah apagnem ;ajar halada


13

asaugnep idajnem surah agnaneK obeK adniD gnarakes kajnemes ipaT”!hataP nedaR kaitek adap kudnut nagnaJ ,gniggneP

eynem agnaneK obeK gnegA iK ”,urug ipaT“ nanatlusaK haknakub ”,igal al gnay ayntirujarp nagned tasep ujam hadus ini gnarakes orotniB kameD

”?gniggneP ignaremem kameD natluS gnejnaK ualak anamiagaB ?huggnat hibel nad kiab hibel naitamek haknakub ,agnaneK obeK adniD ,tukat nagnaJ“

ek adapirad hadni ih ud gnay ainud nap anaF gniggneP gnamem akiJ !?inihagnetes nagnaJ !halipadah akam ,orotniB kameD ipadahgnem upmam -

gnejnaK helo hunubid agnaneK obeK adniD askapret akij ipateT !hagnetes aidesret halet idaba lakek gnay naajarek awhab haltagni ,hataP natluS igab

.raneJ itiS hkiayS saleJ ”!kalek tarihka id adniD aynem tuki nup rikgniT gnegA iK“ m obeK gnakaK” :alup aynnasagag nakiap

natluS adapek nawos surah gnakak akij aynsatnapas kat gnamem ,agnaneKa agnaneK obeK gnakaK babeS ?apagneM .orotniB kameD id hataP halad

aynubI .itawarawD uyA utaR irusiamrep rulaj irad V ayajiwarB ubarP ucuc athat sirawep halada nuynabmeP onteR utiay ,agnaneK obeK gnakaK utaR nagned V ayajiwarB ubarP irtup halada ai naratnal ,has gnay tihapajaM

irid nakhadnerem huggnus itawarawD uyA patet gnakak akij gnakak halaynah hataP nedaR lahadap ,orotniB kameD id hataP natluS padahgnem

ayajiwarB ubarP artup naiK iweD riles irtsi nagned V mlh( . 901 - )211 .

gnudih gnatab tahilem kadit akitek igal gnagnecret nikam agnaS ilaW araP

raneJ itiS hkiayS iagabes iriG nanuS ,amatrep uggnim adaP .ta’muJ talohs taas adap

itiS hkiayS ilakgnarab ;isnarelotnem hisam kameD natluS nad agnaS ilaW itfum

patet raneJ itiS hkiayS ataynret nup audek uggnim adap ,aynhena ipaT .tikas raneJ

ohs adap gnatad kadit ta’muJ tal t ,aynsuretes utigeB . natluS ilaucek nial nahilip ada ka

adapek imharuthalisreb ayapus agajilaK nanuS nakhatniremem I rabkA malA hayS

.gniggneP id aynnakopedap id raneJ itiS hkiayS

dit raneJ itiS hkiayS ilak aparebeb hadus ”,hataP nedaR raju ”,ilaK adnaK“ ka ilaK adnaK nohom ,uti anerak helO ,tamuJ talahs hadabi nakianunem kadit aggnih nagnareg hakapa ada ;gniggneP id raneJ itiS hkiayS iumenem

”.gnugA dijsaM id tamuJ talahs hadabi nakianunem natluS adniD ,okidneS“ mlh( ” . )411 .


23

ayS nakopedaP id ayniapmaseS agajilaK nanuS ,gniggneP id raneJ itiS hki

nakalisrepid agajilaK nanuS gnejnaK .aguj irtnas arap helo kiab nagned tubmasid

.saul tagnas gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS olgoj nakopedap id umat gnaur id kusam

k id saul ragnedret hadus gnamem agajilaK nanuS naadarebeK muak nagnala

ai ,aggnihes ,agnaS ilaW atoggna halada ai naratnal ,awaJ hanaT id nimilsum

.raneJ itiS hkiayS irtnas arap helo kiab tubmasid

”?ilaK adnaK ,gnunug runajn kok ;gnatad gnay aynapur agajilaK adnaK ...O“.raneJ itiS hkiayS apas

a ,raneJ adniD ayI“ aynkapmaT ”,nagnir agajilaK nanuS raju “ ,gnatad gnay ukkes amal halet uka inis ek imharuthalisreb kat ila mlh( ” . )511 .

sibah kitirkgnem raneJ itiS hkiayS taas igal karegreb ialum rulA - nasibah

nagnitnepek adap naksukofid hibel gnay agnaS ilaW arap narep nakub ,iwainud

gnay lautirips gnabret maj ikilimem nad iggnit umlireb akerem nupiksem ,tarihka

sativitka padahret ujutes gnaruk patet raneJ itiS hkiayS ipatet ,gnajnap naynamul

ipmim hiarem gnurednec gnay akerem - helo takipret inkay ;gnosok ipmim

aynruomalg nahuT halaynah idaba nad itajes gnay halnakub lahadaP .umes ainud

malad iggnitret naasaukek isamitigel gnagemem akerem apagneM ?mala atsemes

raneb raneJ itiS hkiayS .malsI tairays nakagenep - nagned takapes gnaruk raneb

ruta awhab ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK rawatid asib kat tairays na - helo igal rawat

.aynkulemep

ilaW akitek tahilret ialum ranej itiS hkiayS nad agnaS ilaW ratna kilfnoK

raneb raneJ itiS hkiayS ualak akgnaynem kadit agnaS - nad daken raneb nesalbabek


33

aja iksem ,igal naknarehgnem gnaY .uti itrepes itrepes mertske raneJ itiS hkiayS nar

.aynhalmuj asaib raul tagnas ayntukignep numan ,uti

uti itrepes kaynab nikgnames gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS tukignep halmuj ,utneT“ surah ini laH .orotniB kameD id tairays nakkagenep aynnalaj uggnagnem asib

aj ,hagec atik nad kasurem naka raneJ itiS hkiayS kitanaf asam iapmas nagn haletes hataP nedar raju ”,nakukal atik gnay hawkad ra’iys uggnagnem

.agajilaK nanuS naropal tapadnem itiS hkiayS naraja alib ”,ipaggnanem iriG nanuS atak ”,natluS adniD raneB“

ibid raneJ reb nakra tural - laya kat ,tural P ka nakayahabmem naka ita i muak hadM .malsI amaga nagnudnak padahret mawa hisam satiroyam gnay nimilsu

atik halet gnay hawkad ra’iys kasurem tapad raneJ itiS hkiayS ihdA narajAD nanatlusaK gnareP itapaneS iagabes suduK nanuS ”.nakukal orotniB kame

asarem meteg - meteg apa ,natluS adniD ”;raneJ itiS hkiayS aynagelok padahret adapek ukalreb gnay namukuh nakirebmem gnusgnal atik aynkiabes kadit

”?raneJ itiS hkiayS urubret nagnaj aykiabes atiK“ - :,anaskajib iriG nanuS raju aynkadninem urub

bes libmas nuhates amales raneJ itiS hkiayS adapek utkaw ireb atik aynkia aid nuhates utkaw malad akij haN .raneb gnay nalaj ek naradaynep nakadaid surah orotniB kameD nanatlusaK ,taub helob apa ,habureb kadit patet

”.saget nakadit libmagnem dnaK ,ujutes ayaS“ naksagunem ayas ,uti niales ”,hataP natluS bawaj ”,iriG a

nuhates amales nagnabmekrep uatnamem ayapus agajilaK adnaK adapekhadum ,raneJ itiS hkiayS adapek nakusam naras nakirebmem libmas - nahadum

”.tabotreb uam ai aK nanuS bawaj ”,natluS ihdA ,nahiggnisaK“ .sagut naknalajnem pais agajil

amaskes araces itamagnem nagned uatnamem agajilaK nanuS ,uti taas kajeS hakada ;ranej itiS hkiayS nakopedap id idajret gnay nagnabmekrep anamiagab

mlh( ?tabotreb uam hakuata nagnadnap nagned hukukisreb patet ai . 521 - )621 .

aH agnaS ilaW aweD nagned orotniB kameD nanatlusaK nakbabeynem ini l

gnilaggnunam utiay raneJ itiS hkiayS naraja naridahek kajes uggnagret asarem

aluwaK - naraja helo nagnatnetreb agnaS ilaW naweD helo paggnaid ini narajA .itsuG

ameD nanatlusaK helo tunaid gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS tukignep igal hibelret ,orotniB k

nad agnaS ilaW naweD naidumeK .aynhalmuj kaynab nikgnames irah ek irah irad

obeK gnegA iK nad raneJ itiS hkiayS adapek natagnirep irebmem hataP nedaR


43

m nagned raneJ itiS hkiayS nanak nagnat ukales agnaneK 1 utkaw gnaggnet irebme

kutnu agnaneK obeK gnegA iK kutnu nuhat agit nad raneJ itiS hkiayS kutnu nuhat

alibapA .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK helo tunaid gnay nanutnut itukignem ilabmek

natlusaK irad namukuh tapadnem naka audreb akerem nakam sibah utkaw gnagnet na

.orotniB kamed

nanatlusaK uggnagnem paggnaid gnay ajas raneJ itiS hkiayS naraja ajas kadiT

gnay agnaneK obeK gnegA iK nad raneJ itiS hkiayS pakis ipatet orotniB kameD

nawed nad hataP nedaR ajas utneT .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK ek nawos uam kadit

naS ilaW ritawahk ag nad takaraysam atam id nurut naka kameD nanatlusaK awabiw

nagned isatnorfnokreb hisam kameD nanatlusaK uti taas igalapa ,nial haread

irad itapmis iracnem nad nakkulkanem kutnu gniasreb nad tihapajaM naajareK

haread - .nial haread

nalreb nup rulA nakkujnutrep adapek tuj rebeb gnayaw nagned naamasreb

kitnir simireg najuh iksem ,malam nikgnames nup malaM .teberaK aynrihal - ,kitnir

aynkapmat ’rebeb gnayaw‘ gnalahd ik .aynnaralegap nakgnusgnalem kadneh patet

.nagnatadreb ialum hadus aynnotnonep igalapA raulek nup agnaneK obeK gnegA iK

nakujnutrep nakiskaynem kutnu naurugrepes araduas gnaro agit amasreb apadnep id

’rebeb gnayaw‘ gnalad gnas helo kipa araces nakniamid gnay . abiT - halgnatad abit

gniggneP gnegA iK adapek nakuhatirebmem gnay melad idba gnaroes aynirtsi awhab

areges nup gnegA iK .iyab nukud gnaroes helo utnabid gnay nakrihalem kadneh

signat araus halragnedret naidumek amal kaT .aynhamur malad ek kusam sagegreb


53

halet gnegA iK irtsi aynapuR .agnaneK obeK gnegA iK hamur malad irad iyab

s nakrihalem ikal iyab gnabaj i - .kole nan napmat sarapreb gnay ikal

id aynarik nohoM .rikgniT adnaK ,ukartup inI“ - ilubmit obeK gnegA iK raju ”,yares agnaneK ikal iyab nakhareynem a - aynikal mlh( . 531 - )631 .

m kana gnaroes iainurakid muleb ini taas gnay rikgniT gnegA iK gnanes asare

kapmanem ,gnorocnem aynhajaw gnay iyab gnabaj tahilem k malad irad arua na

.aynhubut

ikal iyab ,hallanahbuS“ - ataK ”,agnaneK adniD ,asaib raul huggnus ini umikal nikay uka ,kole nan napmat aynsarap nialeS ”,ijumem rikgniT gnegA iK

lek ini umkana ”.iggnit tagnas gnay tajared ikilimem naka ka p aman irebmem rikgniT adnaK aynarik nohoM“ obeK atnip ”,ini ukartu

agnaneK mlh( ” . )631 .

iyab gnabaj is narihalek awhab tagniret aI .kanejes maidret rikgniT gnegA iK

nakujnutrep nagned naamasreb idat eb gnayaw‘ ’reb najuh anerak nakitnehid ulal

sata id tapet ilakes hadni gnay ignalep tahilret tignal irad ,ader najuh haleteS .tabel

.agnaneK obeK pamur

naamasreb nakrihalid ini iyab gnabaj is anerak ”,rikgniT gnegA iK ataK ”,aY“ naralegap nagned rebeb gnayaw , a akam ikal kan - saM aman ireb uka ini ikal

”.teberaK aK ,hisak amireT“ agnaneK obeK raju ”,rikgniT adn mlh( . )731 .

itsuG aynapur ,agnaneK obeK artup teberaK saM narihalek haletes amal kaT

niT gnegA iK ayntafaW .hallutamaR ek rikgniT gnegA iK liggnamem halet hallA rikg

,lukupret asarem aynnaurugrepes araduas arap taubmem obeK gnegA iK amaturet

agnaneK mlh ( . 531 - )831


63

gnegA iK nad raneJ itiS hkiayS nakukalid gnay nagnakgnabmep anemoneF

weD nad orotniB kameD natluS padahret agnaneK obeK iagabes agnaS ilaW na

gnagemep k ajas nakub ,awaJ hanat id naamagaek nasuru malad iggnitret nataluade

aguj ipatet ,hataP nedaR nad agnaS ilaW arap naaracibmep nahab idajnem

tikides kaT .ratnemokreb tuki kutnu aynmumu adap kilbup naitahrep gnadnugnem

hanaT taykar nakhab ,takaraysam hokot aynmumu adap nimilsuM muak uata awaJ

macamreb naialinep nad ratnemok nakirebmem tuki gnay - ianegnem macam

.agnaneK obeK gnegA iK aynlikaw nad raneJ itiS hkiayS lautirips urug nainarebek

raneb irad sapelreT - itiS hkiayS helo nakgnabmekid gnay naraja aynkadit utiay raneJ

;mahap aratna nagnubag dujuW lutahdiW uata aluwak gnilaggnunaM‘ - ’itsug awaJ ala

tagnas gnay utaus iagabes agnaS ilaW ialinid gnay aisreP irad ha’iyS narila nagned

aynsitilop isis irad ialinem gnay aguj ada ipatet ,hayimalsI hadika nakayahabmem .

upmam nakhab ,awaJ hanat id raseb utigeb gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS huragneP

pukuc iskaer gnadnugnem aggnihes ,haread iagabreb irad irtnas arap naubir todeynem

ianegnem nalucnumreb nup isalukeps ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK kahip irad sarek

nahalasamrep ratupes ;inkay uti

awaJ hanat id raneJ itiS hkiayS kitanaf tukignep halmuj aynraseb ,amatreP

agnaS ilaW naweD narep naawabiwek ignarugnem tapad nakritawahkid tagnas utnet

id naamagaek nasuru malad iggnitret satiroto naasaukek gnagemep iagabes

niB kameD nanatlusaK racneg gnades uti taas igalapa ,orot - naknalajnem aynracneg

.apiwdawaJ taykar adapek taredom nad rutnel araces hayimalsI hawkad ra’iys


73

nagned habmatid raneJ itiS hkiayS kitanaf tukignep halmuj aynraseb ,audeK

ahkid gniggneP id agnaneK obeK gnegA iK huragnep ek nakkolebid naka nakritaw

,rakam nakadnit kutnu nakkaregid naka taas utaus ualak anamiagab ,sitilop hara

gnegA iK awhab igal hibelret kameD natluS naawabiwek gnorgnorgnem uata ,ateduk

itrA .irusiamreP rulaj irad V ayajiwarB ubarP ucuc halada agnaneK obeK araces ayn

surenep nad notarek athat sirawep iagabes kahreb hibel salej naajarek naruta

.aynadnamaR nanipmimepek

adapek nagnakgnabmep nakukalem raneJ itiS hkiayS nainarebek ,agiteK

anem nad kinu awitsirep utaus nakapurem agnaS ilaW naweD nad kameD natluS kir

nanatlusaK id iggnitret agabmel halada agnaS ilaW naweD haknakuB .iridnesret

nasuru malad hunep satiroto nad isamitigel gnagemem gnay orotniB kameD

ilaw utiay agnaS ilaW putunep iagabes raneJ itiS hkiayS ipatet ;naamagaek

atnenem inareb halam hulupeseK ilaW naweD naasaukek inomegeh nakajibek gn

halada aid awhab naktaraysignem uti lah ,huragnepreb nad tauk tagnas gnay agnaS

gnegA iK nainarebek nagned aynlah naikimeD .alup huragnepreb nad tauk gnaro

trareb ,kameD natluS adapek gnakgnabmem gnay agnaneK obeK salekes gnamem ai i

raseb hataP nedaR nagned aynhuragnep mlh( . 551 - )751 .

luduj bus malaD gnaS amasreB gnuruB nakiagaB asakgnA ek gnabreT

qilahK nanatlusaK ek awabid lisahreb raneJ itiS hkiayS .ilabmek nalajreb ialum rula ,

kutnu naaskap apnat orotniB kameD .agnaS ilaW nad hataP nedaR helo gnadis id

,iamar tagnas kameD gnugA dijsaM id anasaus ,ialumid naka nagnadisrep akiteK


83

nedaR .raneJ itiS hkiayS nalidagnep gnusgnal araces ragnednem kadneh akerem

itiS hkayS iaynanem gnay amatrep natapmesek tapadnem hataP :ranej

uam kadit raneJ itiS hkiayS nauT apagnem ,raneJ itiS hkiayS nauT iahaW“ kameD nanatlusaK id natluS iagabes ayas amasreb naumetrep iridahgnem igal gnaroes halada hkiayS nauT lahadaP ?agnaS ilaW naweD arap nad orotniB

’agnaS ilaW putunep‘ raseb amalu nakparahid tagnas gnay hulupesek nanatlusaK id agnaS ilaW naweD arap amasreb harawaysum itukignem

”.ini orotniB kameD

naktahilrepmem kadit ilakes amas nad gnanet tahilret raneJ itiS hkiayS hajaW

rej gnay ria nakiagab aynhajaw nagnaneteK .aynitah narasugek ikak hawab id hin

abiT .gnunug - :raneJ itiS hkiayS irad naktegagnem tagnas gnay nabawaj ragnedret abit

ajaR gnaroes nikgnum anamiagaB“ - arap iumenem gnatad naka ajariDmlh( ”?abmah . )581 .

awhab nalupmisekreb areges uti nabawaj ragnednem gnay agnaS ilaW araP

ajaR ,idaj helob uata nahuT itrepes hadus aynirid - gnay ’lautiripS ajaR‘ halada ajariD

satnap kadit paggnagnem raneJ itiS hkiayS aggnihes ,iggnit salek ikilimem

.abmah arap iapmujnem aynah anerak orotniB kameD nanatlusaK ek gnadnatreb

ataK ”,naikimed akiJ“ hadus hkiayS nauT hakapa ”,kameD natluS gnaS”?nahuT halada hkiayS nauT irid awhab paggnagnem

hkiayS“ raneJ itiS bawaj ”!aynadeb ada kat nahuT nagned raneJ itiS hkiayS“”!raneJ itiS hkiayS halada nahuT gnades ,nahuT halada raneJ itiS

abit ”,idaJ“ - nuS abit raneJ itiS ihdA hakuti nasala nagned ”,aleynem iriG na”?kameD gnugA dijsaM id tamuJ talahS nakianunem kadit

.agnaS ilaW nanipmip adapek raneJ itis hkiayS bawaj ”,iriG adnaK ayI“ utkaw amil talahs hadabi naknalajnem kadit aguj aynatak raneJ itiS ihdA“

igal ”? igal ulrep kadit ayas igab“ .saget raneJ itiS hkiays bawaj ”,iriG adnaK ,raneB“

”.itajes gnay nahuT itrepes hadus ayas nakududek anerak ,talahs naknalajnem ihdA ,haimalsI hadika nakayahabmem tagnas uti umnaataynrep haknakuB“

igaL iriG nanuS atak ”?raneJ .


93

iaynupmem ayas ipatet ajas nakalis gnaro naialinep laos ,iriG adnaK“‘ hadus nimilsuM muak ulaK .iridnes nagnadnap ’laggnunam itsuG amasreb

talahs haknakub ”?talahs hadabi nakianunem surah aid apagnem ulaL .hallAt iapacnem kutnu ajas tala nakapurem aynah hadus ayas gnades ,nauju

”?uti naujut iapacnem ‘ mahap iagabes nakduskam raneJ itiS ihdA gnay hakutI“ gnilaggnunaM

aluwak - itsuG ”? ‘ naraja malaD ”,raneJ itiS hkiayS atak ”,iriG adnaK ,aY“ gnilaggnunaM

’itsuG nal aluwak aratna awhab aluwak nad )abmah( itsuG halada )nahut( aynanug ada kadiT !ukA halada hallA !hallA halada ukA .ajas amas

asab aynah uti babes ,tairayS naknalajnem - ada kadit gnay isab gnaY .aynitratakikah aynah ada ”

mlh( . 581 - )681 .

ap agnilet id mertske ragnedret nikam raneJ itiS hkiayS nabawaJ agnaS ilaW ar

aynah utiay uti itrepes nagnadnapreb gnaro aumes akij ,raneJ ihdA“ ”?malsI tairays naknalajnem gnay hakapais ulal ,ajas takikah nakgnitnemem tairayS ,dammahuM ibaN gnejnaK adnigaB nanutnut anamiagabes lahadaP

milsuM muak helo naknalajid surah irad gnosok kadit dijsam ayapus raga ni”.haamaj

aisek taubreb aynah ajas nakaliS“ - naksibahgnem ajas nakaliS .uti itrepes naais .ajas nutnas naposreb kutnu uata talahs hadabi nakianunem kutnu aynah utkaw

mli iaynupmem kadit akerem awhab nakkujnunem uti laH ,ilakes amas ugnaro naasaibek itrepes - tuki aynah gnay hodob gnaro - ,lahadaP .ajas natuki

luteb nimilsuM muak ualak - halet ayntakikah adap ,hallA adapek harsap luteb aratna nalaggnunamek aynada dujuwem aluwak nagned itsuG apa kutnu ,idaJ .

s haabi nakajregnem nakulrepid kat talahs anerak talah isidnok malad igaluti itrepes mlh( ” . )781 .

hataP natluS adapek utkaw atnimem naidumek iriG nanuS agnaS ilaW itfuM

aynah nakuB .agnaS ilaW atoggna ,aynagelok arap nagned harawaysumreb kutmu

s dijsaM malad id adareb gnay id adareb gnay akerem aguj ipatet ,gnaget gnay aja

raneJ itiS hkiayS nagned agnaS ilaW itfuM iagabes iriG nanuS ratna natabedreP .raul

isatnemugra gnukudnem gnilas ubuk audek nakidajnem ,uti nagnadisrep malad

et raneJ itiS hkiayS tukignep araP .aynnipmimep nakranebmem akerem itah malad utn

hibel kameD hayaliw id nimilsuM muak ipatet ,aynlautiripS uruG nagnadnap


04

iriG nanuS nipmipid gnay agnaS ilaW araP .iriG nanuS nagnadnap gnukudnem

gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS nabawaj ianegnem harawaysumreb kutnu taparem naidumek

rilelotnem asib kadit agnaS ilaW aumeS .malsI tamu nakayahabmem tagnas paggnaid

.malsI hadika nakayahabmem tagnas paggnaid gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS naraja sata igal

.huaj nikgnames gnay natasesek irad nimilsuM muak naktamaleynem surah akereM

ihka ,halutigeB naweD helo raneJ itiS hkiayS igab gnucnap namukuh naksutupid aynr

patet raneJ itiS hkiayS hajaW .iriG nanuS ,itfuM gnas nipmipid gnay agnaS ilaW

adap gnucnap namukuh naksutumem halet agnaS ilaW naweD iksem gnanet tahilret

s uti lautiripS uruG gnaS .aynirid sinov ragnednem nup tikides tujejret kat ilakes ama

tiab naknutnalem ai ,uti naadaek malaD .aynirid adapek - .hutneynem gnay tiab

uggnut uka gany naitamek nalaj halinI“ - ,ukigab namukuh nakub inI .uggnutl gnay nahadniek adait babes ,iridnes uk nahilip ipatet adapirad taysad hibe

pudih halada aynhuggnuses gnay pudih halutigeB .itam haduses nahadniekanerak ,itam haduses uknahuT amasreb sabeb naka uka mlh ( ” . ) 091 .

awabmem kadneh gnay tirujarp gnaro aud halgnatad naidumek amal kaT

nula ek raneJ itiS hkiayS - la ,dijsam naklaggninem igrep mulebeS .isukeskeid kutnu nu

gnay agnaS ilaW adapek tahesan irebmem naktapmeynem hisan raneJ itiS hkiayS

”:aynisawagnem gnutamem iridreb

halas naka nailak utnet aynnakukalem tapad nad uhat nailak ikseM“lak babes ,aynnakanaskalem malad maleggnet nad tuynah hisam nai

akitek aggnihes ,iwainud palremeg helo nakualisid aumes nailaK .natasesek nanakam atres naayakek atrah ,naualikreb gnay same nad atamrep tahilem gnay halini ,aynadapek takipret hisam nailak itah ,anraw akenareb gnay

em .halas idajnem nailak ukalirep nakidajnem gnay anelret nailak taubmgnadak nakhab ,irajalep nailak gnay umli kaynab hadus ,lahadaP - gnadak

li mala‘ malad ipmimreb nailak halada nailak aynrasad ipatet ,iridnes uti umlihdok irtnas usub laka lisah urubmem gnay ulak gnanes asarem naka akam ,k

a asaugnep irad asaj nalabmi naktapadnem awatrah uat n mlh( ” . 091 - )191 .


14

nakitkubmem raneJ itiS hkiayS helo amiretid gnay itam namukuH

raneJ itiS hkiayS huragnep padahret orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naritawahkek

raysam nagnalakid irad itkubret ,nasala apnat nakub uti naritawahkeK .saul taka

naawabiwek ignarugnem aggnihes awaJ hanat id raneJ itiS hkiayS tukignep aynraseb

id amaga nasuru malad iggnitret satiroto gnagemep iagabes agnaS ilaW naweD

seb naidumeK .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK itiS hkiayS kitanaf tukignep halmuj aynra

nakritawahki gniggneP id agnaneK obeK gnegA iK huragnep nagned habmatid raneJ

sitilop hara ek nakkolebid naka natluS naawabiwek gnorgnorem naka aggnihes

B ubarP ucuc halada agnaneK obeK gnegA iK igal hibelret kameD sirag irad ayajiwar

.irusiamreP

nad raneJ itiS hkiayS nainarebek napaggna aynada alup nakapulid tapad kadiT

agnaS ilaW naweD nad kameD natluS adap gnakgnabmem agnaneK obeK gnegA iK

ajas utneT .hataP nedaR nagned aynhuragnep salekes akerem awhab nakadnanem lah

akerem aggnihes orotniB kameD nanatlusaK helo ajas nakraibid tapad kadit ini

raneJ itiS hkiayS .itam namukuh utiay saget nagned raneJ itiS hkiayS kadninem

tapadnem naka aid ,kameD nanatlusaK helo isukeske id mulebes iridnes

nem uam alibapa nanupmagnep ipatet orotniB kameD nanatlusaK nahara itukig

raneJ itiS hkiayS .aynkalonem

akgnasid kaT - uab nakraulegnem raneJ itiS hkiayS hazanej ataynret ,akgnas

tahilem gnadnap gnilas aynah hataP natluS nad agnaS ilaW araP .ignawem murah

gnep arap numaN .ini nahenaek anerak aynagudnem hadus raneJ itiS hkiayS tuki


24

natluS adapek iriG nanuS fitaisini satA .hallA itsuG nagned urug gnas natakedek

nakmakamid raneJ itiS hkiayS hazanej ayapus naknarasid akam ,orotniB kameD

azanej ,nakidnamid halateS .tamrohret nad kayal araces id kadneh raneJ itiS hkiayS h

hataP natluS atres agnaS ilaW atreseb iriG nanuS ,gnugA dijsaM malad id italahs

raneJ itiS dasaj irad akubret niak akitek ,raneJ itiS hazanej tahilem naktapmeynem

gnaret gnay ignalep ayahac atres ignawem murah uab nakraulegnem gnaredneb

ek naktakgnarebid raneJ itiS hkiayS hazaneJ .dijsam malad nagnaur pata id lutnamem

itiS hazanej ,agnaS ilaW arap harawaysum nagned iauses ,gnariG nobraC haread

aked id nakmakamid kadneh raneJ gnariG nobraC id aynnertasep t mlh( . 391 - )491 .

kilfnoK orotniB kameD nanatlusaK padahret agnaneK obeK nagnakabmep

gniggneP ek gnatad suduK nanuS .nuhat agit utiay aynsatab adap iapacnem halet

kilfnok natakgninep pahat nakapurem ,agnaneK obeK gnegA iK isukeskegnem kutnu

uata noitcA gnisiR ok natakgninep pahaT . uata kilfn noitcA gnisiR lucnum naka kat

kilfnok ada kadit alibapa - rula nagnabmekrep retemorab idajnem gnay sata id kilfnok

levon malad gnasgnaneP sV teberaK .

3.2 pahaT noitcA gnisiR kilfnoK natakgnineP pahaT uata

pahaT noitca gnisir ok natakgninep uata anam id napahat nakapurem kilfn

nad gnabmekreb nikgnames aynmulebes pahat adap naklucnumid halet gnay kilfnok

awitsireP .aynsatisnetni radak nakgnabmekid - itni idajnem gnay kitamard awitsirep

941 :7002 ,orotnaigruN( nakgnagenem nad makecnem nikgnames atirec malaD .)

kilfnok ,ini napahat - rula napahat irad natakgninep imalagnem ialum ada gnay kilfnok


34

kilfnoK .aynmulebes gnay - aggnih satisnetni nakianep imalagnem halet kilfnok

.satisnetni kacnup napahat ujunem

malad kilfnok natakgnineP gnasgnaneP sV teberaK lret luduj bus malad tahi

atiC - anriS gnay atahkaT siraweP atic gnegA iK nakhasikid ,ini luduj bus malaD .

aid radas nagned kameD natluS gnaS natagnirep sirbuggnem kat gnay agnaneK obeK

hataP natluS utnet aynutkaw hadus ualaK .ayahab aram ipadahgnem naka mahap

ka utkaw satab sibah haleteS .nuhat agit halates gniggneP ek aynnasutu mirignem na

akam nuhat agit amales agnaneK obeK gnegA iK adapek hataP natluS nakirebid gnay

.orotniB kameD natluS nasutu iagabes gniggneP ek gnatad suduK nanuS

obeK gnegA iK nupma nohoM“ gnejnaK nasutu irad umat ada agnaneKtigeB ”.suduK nanuS ,orotniB kameD natluS utnip raul irad aynidba araus u

mlh( . )112 .

.umat gnaur id suduK nanuS aynumat iumenem ulal gniggneP gnegA iK

“ !..mukiala’umalssA meD halluyilaW itapaneS gnas ,suduK nanuS pacu ” orotniB ka

.agnaneK obeK gnegAik nalucnumek tahilem taas

”!…malas mukiala’aW“ .gniggneP gnegA ik bawaj ”gnunuG runaJ koK“ ilakgnaraB ?gniggneP ek gnatad suduK nanuS gnejnaK

nakmirignem hataP nanuS namaP aggnihes gnitnep tagnas gnay naulrepek adaaP nasutu ek orotniB kameD halluyilaW itapaneS sugilakes gnarep amilgn

.agnaneK obeK gnegA iK raju ”?gniggneP nakirebid gnay nuhat agit utkaw satab haknakub ,agnaneK gnegA iK ,raneB“ nanuS raju ”!?sibah haduS agnanek obeK iK adapek hataP natluS gnejnaK

,suires suduK hatnirep sata ini iramek ayas nagnatadek awhab haliuhatek ” agnaneK obeK gnegAiK adapek nakaynanem kameD natluS gnejnaK

”?hawab id uata sata iD ?malad id uata raulid ,hilip gnegA iK gnay hakanam ata ,ayas igab ”!amas patet ayas nabawaj suduK nanuS gnejnaK“ s- ,hawab

raul - anerak helO .ayas kilim aynaumes ajas amas malad asib kadit ayas utimlh ( aynhilimem . )412 .


44

P .ini atirec malad nakhasikid itrepes kapmat ialum kilfnok natakgnine

gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS irtnas arap kaynab awhab suduK nanuS nauhategnepeS

mem hena umli iaynup - anerak nupilakes hunubid tapad kadit akerem nakhab hena

raneb - obeK gnegA iK padahret igalapa ,suduK nanuS nagnayab malaD .itkas raneb

ikilimem ai utneT .raneJ itiS hkiayS itnaggnep iagabes aynatisapak malad agnaneK

asib kat gnay naitkasek .suduK nanuS helo nakhalakid

”,gniggneP gnegA ik nahamelek kerognem ahasureb suduK nanuS ”ayi ,O“ nakukalem tapad agnanek gnegA iK anamiagab iuhategnem nigni ayaS itam‘

’itam gninorjas piru ,piru gninorjas agnaneK gnegA iK hakaidesreB .ek aynnaktahilrepmem ”?ayas adap

namaP nasutu iagabes suduK nanuS gnejnaK ikadnehekid gnamem uti ualaK“ itam gnaro ada kat ,gnamem ,kalegnem asib kadit ayas utnet ,hataP natuS akaM .ini ayas nagnel ukis adap katelret ayas nahamelek gnadeS .babes apnat

hgnem nanuS gnejnaK ualak naigab kusunem nakalis ,ayas naitamek ikadne”.ini ayas nagnel ukis

”,hiril agnaneK obek gnegA ik atak ”,nanuS gnejnaK ,utigeb ikseM“ .nial gnay ayas tukignep arap naktabilem kadit nanuS gnejnak aynkadneh

”.ini awitsirep imalagnem gnay ajas ayas halraiB h( ml . 712 - )812 .

gnakaleb id nakpilesid gnay akasup libmagnem naidumek suduK nanuS

nahalrep nagneD .aynujab - gnegA iK ukis ek sirek nakkusunem suduK nanuS nahal

but aggnihes agnaneK obeK ayadreb kat idajnem gnegA iK hu mlh( . )022 .

K gnegA iK aynsawet awitsireP iagabes suduK nanuS helo agnaneK obe

gnaro padahret narabmag nakapurem ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK nasutu - gnay gnaro

ini laH .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naasaukek nawalem uata gnakgnabmem

agnaS ilaW naweD nad hataP nedaR naawabiwek agajnem kutnu nakukalid hes , aggni

,aynnaujut nakanaskalem malad nagnalah tapadnem kadit orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

nakrabelem kutnu kusamret ,malsI tairays iauses malsI amaga narabeynep itrepes


54

gniasreb akgnar malad nataukek naklupmugnem atres aynnaasaukek hayaliw

jareK nagned nataukek .tihapajaM naa

amales kutnu agnaneK obeK gnegA iK naigrepeK - agudret kat gnay aynamal

amasreb laggnit aynah ai iniK .hides aynirtsi itah taubmem ,sigart pukuc nad

atic nakdujuwem tapad nakparahid gnay teberaK saM ,aynartup - iK aynadnamaR atic

eK obeK gnegA .awaJ hanat id ajaR idajnem aguj lautirips ajar‘ idajnem inkay ;agnan

hka nup teberaK saM adnubI i aynimaus naitamek tagniret anerak tikas hutaj aynr

kameD natluS gnejnaK nasutu enebaton gnay suduK nanuS helo hunubid igalapa

.orotniB

A iK halas apa ,lahadaP“ ”?orotniB kameD natluS gnejnaK adapek gneg aynah ualak ”,aynimaus naigrepek ipatarem agnaneK obeK iretsI mamug laos ualaK !?itam mukuhid surah kasam ,ajas nawos kadit radekes

aluwak gnilaggnunam‘ naraja naknalajnem - lautirips urug gnas irad itsuGup apagnem gnaro paites aynhuggnuses haknakuB !?itam mukuh id surah al

gnisam nahilip nagned iauses amaga naraja nakrisfanem sabeb - mlh( !?gnisam . )222 .

sam adapek rututreb ai ,aynramak id ayniuggnunem aynartup akitek ,ilakeseS

;teberaK

em surah uak ,ukartup reggN“ uaK .asawed haletes kalek raseb gnaro idajn umtuyuB itrepes nad targninayadnaH ubarP umgnaye itrepes ajaR idaj surah

rah uak .V ayajiwarB ubarP ukartuP ,nalidaek nakkagenem su mlh( ” . )222 .

haloes ai ,licek hisam iksem ,teberaK saM - aigahabmem ahasureb halo aynubi nak

:tikas katelegret gnades gnay

ubI gnejnaK ..ayI” ajar idaj uka ..ajar idaj uka , mlh( . 222 - )322 .

obeK gnegA iK irtsi nahidesek nad naawecekek tahilret sata id naacab iraD

ggnihes ,lida kadit asarid gnay agnaneK obeK gnegA iK aynsawet sata agnaneK ai a


64

tikas idajnem - tahileM .utkaw gnajnapes hidesreb ulales nad natikas aynubi naadaek

id adareb ulales nad hides idajnem licek rikgniT akaJ naknabeynem uti itrepes gnay

amasreb adareb rikgniT akaJ taas adaP .aynnaasrep rubihgnem kutnu aynubi gnipmas

ynubi lida gnay ajar idajnem kutnu aynubi helo nagnajew irebid ulales rikgniT akaJ ,a

.ayajiwarB ubarP ayngnaye itrepes

nasabebek tapadret V ayajiwarB ubarP asam adap iuhatek atik itrepeS

k ini laH .inikayid gnay naayacrepek kulemem kutnu nasabebek nad amagareb gnaru

agnaneK obeK gnegA iK irtsI aggnihes kameD nanatlusaK asam adap asaret

parahreb aiD .V ayajiwarB ubarP asam adap itrepes nahatniremep nakudnirem

lidA gnay V ayajiwarB ubarP ayngnaye itrepes ajar idajnem rikgniT akaJ aynkana

apek nasabebek irebmem nad rikgniT akaJ nahatniremep atireC .ayntakaraysam ad

napahat adap nakatirecid naka skamilk .

malad iridnes nakinuek ikilimem rikgniT akaJ is asawed pukuc haleteS

irahes napudihek - nawak nagned adebreB .aynirah - artup ,nial gnay aynayabes nawak

ek obeK gnegA iK tapmet ek iridneynem ilakes rameg ataynret uti agnan - gnay tapmet

utneT .aynamal irah aparebeb iapmas gnunug kacnup id ,aug id ,natuh id itrepes ,ipes

tapmet id naruyulek akus gnay rikgniT akaJ naaasaibek ,ajas - taubmem uti ipes tapmet

.aynadnubi itah hides tapmet id atpic nakgninehgnem naasaibek nupanamiagaB -

tukignep arap naaasaibek itrepes naknialem ,malsI arac nakub uti itrepes tapmet

udniH - id idamesreb aynnaasaibek irad gnalup ajas urab rikgniT akaJ akiteK .ahdub

dneh rabas kat itrepes aynubi ,ipes tapmet .aynartup adapek tahisan nakirebmem ka


74

awhab haliuhatek ”,rikgniT gnegA iK adnaJ atak ”,ukartuP ,reggN“tapmet id apatreb umnaaasaibek - nakub uti lah ,ini amales ipes gnay tapmet

gnay gnaro kaynab itnan idaj heloB .kiab gnay milsuM gnaro arac naasaibeknem nanutut itukignem kadit anerak ,rifak gnaro halada umak awhab paggnag

”.dammahuM ibaN gnejnaK ,aynsetorpmem rikgniT akaJ aynaT ”?ubi gnejnaK ,naikimed apagneM“ nagned kusamret ,nalaj iagabreb nagned hupmetid asib uti takarit haknakub“

ay tapmet id ipeynem mlh( ”?ini nakukal ayas gnay itrepes ipes gn . )522 .

luduj bus malaD resgneL hataP natluS nad anahdrawardnairiG ubarP

hataP nedaR nobarpeK , hataP nedaR akitek ,ilabmek nalajreb ialum rula halet

surah ai awhab iradaynem ai ,nuhat 23 amales kameD hatniremem nobarpek resgnel

adnega kaynab hisam ualaw ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK id naasaukek kupmat irad

nakpaisrepmem hadus natluS gnejnaK ayngnutnU .nakiaselesret muleb gnay

artup maneek iulalem inkay ,isareneger - uata sunuY nedaR ,saM utaR utiay ,aynirtup

unU itaP nedaR nad nawurudnaK nedaR ,anaggnerT nedaR ,nepeL adeS naregnaP ,s

.raseb nipmimep nolac idajnem nakpaisrepid halet aynaumes gnay ,sakgnemaP

hataP natluS gnejnaK akam ,noberiC naregnaP ihakinid hadus sam utaR aneraK

tniB kameD nanatlusaK athat nakhareynem utiay aud ek gnay aynartup adapek oro

.sunU itaP

aynartup natabonep iasu hataP natluS raju naikimed ”,sunU itaP reggN“ id malsI tairays naparenep halnaknahatrep ”,orotniB kameD natluS iagabes .agnaS ilaW naweD utnabid nagned orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

nabmeK hanat id malsI amaga hawkad ra’iys ahasu suret halnakg awaJreggN ,agnaS ilaW amasreb mlh( ” . )542 .

nobarpek resgnel acsap awhab halutigeB - sagut kalep kat ,hataP natluS ayn

idajnem II rabkA malA hayS natluS ralegreb gnay sunU itaP natluS nabmeid gnay


84

ames halada sunU itaP natluS helo naknalajid gnay amatrep nakarbeG .tareb nikgn

:naujut nagneD .awaJ urujnep hurules ek malsI hawkad ra’iys naksurenem

nikames awaJ taykar nakparahid haimalsI hawkad ahasu nagned ,amatreP.aynnanikayek nakharecret

nikames ,audeK araces ,malsI amagareb gnay awaJ taykar aynkaynab tauk nikames nup orotniB kameD nanatlusaK padahret nagnukud sitamoto

.alup akam ,awaJ hanat id nimilsuM muak kaynab nikames nagned ,agiteK

utasek nad nautasrep tauk nikames naka malsI tamu na mlh( . )642 .

T kameD nanatlusaK nipmimem aynartup ignipmadnem malad nuhat agi

abit ,orotniB - muleb .ainud laggninem aynrihka aggnih sarek tikas hataP natluS abit

atic nakdujuwem tapmes - .hallutamhaR ek liggnapid sunU itaP natluS gnaS ,aynatic

nadnamaR naigrepek lusuynem aI kat aggnihes ,gnajubmem hisam naadaek malad ay

kameD nanatlusak nanipmimepek kupmat aynsurahes .atokham artup naklaggninem

.nepeL adeS naregnap utiay ,agitek gnay hataP natluS artup helo naksuretid orotniB

warP nedaR helo hunubid sawet naregnap gnas ipateT .anaggnerT nedaR artup ,ata

gnay anaggnerT nedaR halada orotniB kameD natluS idajnem gnay uti haleteS

A hayS natluS gnejnaK saila orotniB kameD natluS gnejnaK ralegreb III rabkA mal

M 1251 nuhat adap mlh( . 742 - )842 .

peL adeS naregnaP ,aynhaya naitamek satA gnasgnaneP ayrA aynartup ne

gnay aynnial agraulek atreseb atawarP nedaR padahret tamusek madned madnemem

hart padahret gnajnap nauretesrep idajnem kalek gnay halinisiD .ayngnukudnem tuki

uS gnaidnem nanurutek athat natuber anerak hataP natl mlh( . )842 .

neL nobarpek resg - iagabes sunU itaP natluS nakitnagid nad hataP natluS ayn

atic naktujnalem tapad ini audek ajar nakparahid ,audek kameD ajaR - nanatlusaK atic


94

,gnajnap rumureb kadit sunU itaP natluS ayngnayaS .hataP nedaR are orotniB kameD

ap ainud laggninem ai sirawep tulemek lubmit aggnihes gnajubmem hisam taas ad

kameD nanatlusaK atkhat isirawem aynsurahes gnay nepeL adeS naregnaP .atkhat

nup anaggnerT natluS .anaggnerT natluS artup ,atawarP nedaR helo hunubid orotniB

D nanatlusaK id ajar idajnem kian aynrihka nautagnepes apnat ipatet ,orotniB kame

sata madned napmiynem nepeL adeS naregnaP artup gnasgnaneP ayrA aumes

.aynhaya naitamek gnay igal naasaukek natuberep kilfnok lucnum naka ayntabikA

pahat adap nakatirecid naka gnay gnasgnaneP ayrA helo nakukalid amilk sk .

naktujnalem patet anaggnerT natluS aynnanipmimepek malad aratnemeS

.haimalsI hawkad ra’iyS naknalajnem malad sunuY natluS aynkakak nakarbeg

haread saulrepmem utiay anaggnerT natluS nakukalid gnay ayntukireb nakarbeG

.orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naasaukek hitaP artuP ,alasanaW aynhitaP amasreB

nakkulkanem lisahreb orotniB kameD natluS akam ,tarukgnaM saila malaS anaW

asis - tapad ,hagneT apiwdawaJ namaladep id anuK targninidaH marataM notareK asis

asis nakkudnunem - tluS gnaS aynanacneR irasagniS nataukek asis ek naka aguj nup na

.rumiT naigab apiwdawaj hayaliw id nagnabmalB nad naurusaP ,nakuranaP netapidak

nikames orotniB kameD natluS gnejnaK anasaggnis isnetsiske ,naikimed nagneD

agnaS ilaW naweD ,ini onoggnerT natluS nanipmimepek malad ,ajas aynaH .hokok

ruk idajnem niales ,suduK nanuS nad agajilaK nanuS ilaucek lojnonem utigeb gna

adapek lautiripS uruG iagabes aguj ini hokot audek ,kameD nanatlusaK id hupeses

artup - onoggnerT natluS nanipmimepeK .hataP nedaR gnaidnem nanurutek hart irtup

aggnabid tagnas gnamem halihataF nagned amas ajrekeb hanrep ai naratnal ,nak


05

ragaduas aynkusam risugnem malad esaP irad amalu gnaroes - .sigutroP irad ragaduas

gnaro nagned narajajaP nawukaP nagnares ignaluggnanem kutnU - ,sigutroP gnaro

nalahgnem anaggnerT natluS nad halihataF akaM nagned akerem gnajret kapes ig

icnuk tuberem - haread id nial aratna ,narajajaP nawukaP naajareK nagnagadrep icnuk

nakadnit uti adap malad ,malassuraD noberiC nad malasuraD netnaB nahajaj ralegn

nuS iasaugnem lisahreb aynrihka anaggnerT natluS nakukalid gnay gnay apaleK ad

gnaro ,atrakayaJ idajnem habureb naidumek - ek gnadnak gnalup nup sigutroP gnaro

id natluS idajnem naktabonid halihataF .uti gnalimeg nagnanemek nagneD .ayniregen

m gnay atrakayaJ orotniB kameD naasaukek iukagne mlh( . 842 - )052 .

nagned gnirieS akam ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naasaukek haread aynsaul

hawab id tihapajaM nakkudnunem kutnu suah nikgnames onoggnerT natluS

ubarP iagabes aynirid mialkgnem gnay ayajiwanaR hayD ubarP nanipmimepek

.IIV ayajiwarB

ggnerT natluS atak ”,ilaK nanuS awU gnejnaK“ adapek mekgnus irabmes ono farays taru gnarep aynah orotniB kameD amal naikes hadus ”,agajilaK nanuS ilaK nanuS awU gnejnaK tapadnep anamiagaB .tihapajaM naajareK nagned

”?tihapajaM rupmeggnem kadneh adnana akij ,ayI“ reggN k aynarikes ualak ,natluS adnanA orotniB kameD tirujarp natauke

.sugab hibel tapec hibel gnamem ,aynipadahgnem upmam hadus gnadnapidadnutid ualak itnaN - nagnaj ,adnut - ,tauk nikames tihapajaM nataukek nagnaj

iutserem taraysi nakirebmem agajilaK nanuS atak ”,natluS adnanAjaM ek nagnareynep .tihapa

,aynutser aod nohom utigeb ualak ,ilaK nanuS awU gnejnaK ,hisak amireT“”.tihapajaM rupmeggnem kadneh akudaP artuP

,halkiaB reggN ayngnukudnem tagnas awU , mlh( ” . )152 .

orotniB kameD tirujarp gnaro naubir ,nakutnetid gnay irah adaP

naktakgnarebid nad anaggnerT natluS helo gnusgnal nipmipid gnay tihapajaM ek


15

nakbabeynem tihapajaM nad kameD irad tirujarp ubuk auD .alaS anaW hitaP

raseb gnarep aynsutelem nugnanibayaJ aduyatarB gnarep nad awahdnaP aratna

m naka aid akam ,aynignanemem gnay apaiS .awaruK aynkilabes ;naayajek imalagne

a aid akam ,nahalakek anerak tutul kuketreb gnay apais is nahawab idajnem nak

gnanemep mlh( . 252 - )352 .

ikseM .anaggnerT natluS gnejnaK helo nakgnanemid tubesret raseb gnareP

,ayajiwanaR hayD anahdrawardnairiG ubarP aynasakreP kadit anutrof iwed numan

be alab natabehek iukagnem surah askapid nup ai ,uti tihapajaM ajaR adap kahipr

nahilip ada kat ,uti nahalakek kajes ,anaggnerT natluS odnamok hawab id tirujarp

asaugnep iagabes orotniB kameD naasaukek iukagnem kutnu ayajiwanaR igab

V ayajiwarB ubarP nipmipid aynulud gnay tihapajaM athaT .awaj hanat id laggnut

raneb inik - halrajaW .anaggnerT natluS ;aynucuc nagnat ek ilabmek halet raneb

iukagnem apiwdawaJ id ajar atres natluS ,gnuggnemuT ,itapidA kaynab naidumek

anipmimepek isnetsiske malA hayS natluS gnejnaK ralegreb gnay anaggnerT natluS n

usaK id III rabkA orotniB kameD nanatl mlh( . 352 - )452 .

naajareK nakbabeynem tihapajaM naajareK sata orotniB kameD nagnanemeK

utas idajnem kameD - .tauk gnilap gnay apiwdawaJ id naajareK aynutas J wdawa api

igal ada apnat malsI karoceb orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naasaukek hayaliw idajnem

tagnas ini lah ajas utneT .nial amaga karocreb gnay nial naajareK nagnias

gnay gnalahgnep anerak ,awaJ id malsI amaga narabeynep malad nakgnutnugnem

areK utiay raseb gnilap .nakulkatid hadus udniH karocreb gnay tihapajaM naaj

.awaJ id satiroyam amaga idajnem malsI amaga ayntabikA


25

luduj bus malaD rikgniT akaJ nagnalauteP nad ilabmek karegreb ialum rula ,

ka ,gnajnap naarabmegnep iulalem haleteS .rikgniT akaJ nakatirecnem ialum aynrih

,aleS gnegA iK utiay ,naknigniid gnay lautiripS uruG kosos nakumenem rikgniT akaJ

tagnas lanekid aleS gnegA iK ,nimkum iaiK iagabes lanekid niales itkas

.anugardnam lautirips urug gnas nagned dirum gnas aratna lawa naumetrep malaD

pmat ,amatrep ilak amas gnay naasarep irtapret hadus aynka - hibeL .ayngnanes amas

dirum adapek nagnajew nakirebmem aleS gnegA iK akitek ,igal nakaribmeggnem

.rikgniT akaJ helo sibah palalid aynnagnajew aumes ripmah ataynret ,aynurab

rikgniT akaJ ,takgnis utkaw malad ,aynitrA .kiab nagned iasaugnem tapad halet

aleS gnegA iK .ajas barka nikames ayndirum nagned urug gnas aratna nagnubuH

:rikgniT akaJ adapek nakataynem

raneb gnaye ,rikgniT akaJ reggN“ - aleS ased id umnaridahek sata gnanes ranebaggna uka uakgne ,gnarakes ialuM .ini .rikgniT akaJ ,irides ukucuc iagabes p

rikgniT akaJ atak ”,gnayE ,hisak amireT“ ”,aynucuc adapek irah utaus adap aleS gnegA iK atak ”,rikgniT akaJ reggN“

”.gnaye tuki oyA nagnareg hakanameK .aynat kaynab apnat rikgniT akaJ bawaj ”,gnaye ,ayI“

A iK aynigrep mlh( ?aleS gneg . )062 .

rumit halebes id gnadal utaus id ipeynem kadneh aleS gnegA iK ataynreT

maid aleS gnegA iK ,uti ipeynem anasaus nagninehek malaD .buraT haread - maid

:hallA itsuG adapek tajanumreb

pek nanohomrep nakujagnem uka huggnus ,hallA itsuG aY“ ada - agomes uM atreseb awaJ hanat id ajaR gnaroes nakidaj uakgne kalek ini ukucuc

gnE aynhuggnuseS .aynnanurutek abmah aod ragnedneP ahaM uak - uM mlh( . )162 .


35

malam hujut irah hujut iapmas uti tapmet id adareb aynaudek ,asaret kaT

it nad nakam kadit ,aynamal gnegA iK asaret kat ,hujut ek malam adaP .munim kad

sakebmem tagnas gnay rikgniT akaJ aynucuc ianegnem narabmag helorepmem aleS

natuh tababmem kadneh itrepes aleS gnegA iK ,uti nakusuhkek malaD .aynitah malad

id ayntegak apateb ipatet ,kapak awabmem nagned akaJ aynucuc tahilret hadus anas

abit ,rikgniT - aynaumes natuh malad id nanohopep ajas karbeg ilakes aynah abit

.rikgniT akaJ helo nakhoborid

“ reggN ”?apa ipmimreb hanrep uakgne nakatirec aboc ”,aleS gnegA iK atak ”, a apa araces bawajnem nup rikgniT akaJ“ pututid gnay ada apnat ,aynad -

hanrep ayas ,ayaM aleT gnunuG id adareb ayas akitek gnayE ”:ipututhaloes ayaM aleT gnunug irad alup uti akitekeS .nalub nahutajek ipmimreb -

nugnabret ulal ayaS .ilakes sarek ,rageleggnem araus ragnednem ayas halo”.ipmim irad

reggN“ uakgne aynkiabes gnarakes ialum ”,igal aleS gnegA iK atak ”,ukucuc .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK id anaggnerT natluS gnejnaK adapek idbagnem .uti umipmim ankam imahamem umrahagnem naka gnay aratnarep halutI

reggN , aod nagned umgnirignem naka uka mlh( ” . )362 .

.aleS gnegA iK ayngnaye adapek timap nohom rikgniT akaJ ,aynirah nakoseeK

natluS gnejnaK adapek idbagnem naka ayas gnayE aynutser aod nohoM“”.orotniB kameD

umiatreynem ulales gnaye utser aoD“ reggN , mlh( ” . )462 .

tniB kameD ek takgnareb mulebeS ripmam naktapmeynem rikgniT akaJ ,oro

itah gnanes apateB .aynadnubI adapek utser atnimem kutnu rikgniT aseD ek ulud

aleS gnegA iK nupanamiagab babes ,aynartup narutunep ragnednem ubi gnas

d aleS gnegA iK ,anugardnam itkas nialeS .nagnarabmes gnaro halnakub alup laneki

iaiK gnaroes - naka rikgniT gnegA iK adnaj ,aynanacneR .inupmum gnay nimkum

ikal araduas adapek ,rikgniT akaJ ayntakgna artup nakpitinem - idajnem gnay aynikal


45

hupes hadus gnay gnaroes ada tahilret nahuajek iraD .orotniB kameD malad idba

mem nagned sahk naiakap iaka newajek matih anraweb - awabmem nagned matih

haleteS .uti gnaro itakednem areges rikgniT akaJ ,gnajnap rikipreb apnaT . takgnot

nup rikgniT akaJ ,agajilaK nanuS halada uti gnaro awhab ayntegak apateb ,taked

nakrutahgnem areges itkeb habmes aynadapek

id tupmur nakhisrebmem umnaajrekep irad halitnehreb ,rikgniT akaJ reggN“ kutnu orotniB kameD nanatlusaK ek igrep halaregeS .uti agag idap namanat gnay ajaR nolac halada uti umak babeS .anaggnerT natluS adap idbagnem

haleteS“ .awaJ hanat iasugnem abit agajilaK nanuS ,utigeb atakreb - paynel abit.atam nagnadnap helo tahilret kat

orotniB kameD nanatlusaK ek takgnareb areges rikgniT akaJ uti haleteS

iaiK iumenem gnusgnal akereM .aynadnubi utnabmep gnaro aud inametid nagned

ikal araduas ,rujnaG - bi ikal il id harul idajnem nalutebek gnay ,aynadnu nagnukgn

orotniB kameD anatsI ( .mlh 262 - )662 .

rikgniT akaJ ,orotniB kameD imaJ dijsaM id ruhuz talahs nakianunem iasU

taked id kudud libmas submehreb gnay nigna rilimes itamkinem gnabmulb huaj kat

ugA dijsaM irad kisa gnades rikgniT akaJ akiteK .gn - abit numalem aynkisa - irad abit

gnugA dijsaM raulek ajas urab gnay anaggnerT natluS gnejnaK tahilret nahuajek

kadneh natluS gnejnaK aynapuR ,aynlawagnep gnaro aparebeb helo lawakid nagned

pateB .aynnaped id nalaj itawelem anerak uti taas rikgniT akaJ naasarep ayngnugnib a

iD .ilakes amas asib kat radnihgnem kadneh naadaek helo nagnugnibek itrepes ai

aynah ayngnakaleb id gnades ,iggnit gnidnid aynnaped gnabmulb .saul pukuc gnay

udnum tacnolem surah ilaucek nial nalaj ada kaT itawelem gnakaleb ek r gnabmulb

aynnagnat audek nagned naped ek padahgnem patet aynnadab isisop nagned raseb


55

.rudnum nalaj nagned asakgna ek gnabret nakiagab rikgniT akaJ .habmeyn pakisreb

ay ajarp akayan arap aynkayal itrepes kokgnojreb kudud ai aynrihkA ukal gnades gn

kodohd gnejnaK itah tajnarepret ,uti naknarehgnem gnay nageda tahileM .anatsi id

raneb aI .anaggnerT natluS - nakukalem asib gnay ayntaykar ada akgnaynem kat raneb

.uti

nad uakgne hakapais ”,anaggnerT natluS gnejnaK apas ”,adumeP ,heH“apagnem ”?uti itrepes gnakaleb ek tapmolem uakgne

abmah inis iD .rikgniT akaJ halada abmah ,natluS gnejnaK ,nupma nohoM“ .aynnakanopek abmah nalutebek ,rujnaG iaiK haruL iK hamur id laggnit nakirebmem kutnu aynah uti itrepes gnakaleb ek rudnum tapmolem abmaH

gnep tapmet id adareb patet tukat abmaH .natluS gnejnaK adapek natamroh nakrutahgnem ayares rikgniT akaJ raju ”,alumes abmah kudud .itkeb habmes

natluS gnejnaK aynat ”?orotniB kameD ek gnatad uakgne apa naulrepek adA“.igal

jarp idajnem nakratfadnem naka abmaH“ ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK tiru”.natluS gnejnaK

nup orotniB kameD natluS ,aynapuR .aynalapek nakkugkagnem anaggnerT natluS

.ased adumep gnas nanapmatek iukagnem

aboc ”,aynlawagnep adapek anaggnerT natluS atak ”,lawagnep ,heH“niT akaJ iS ukadapek nakpadah malad uti rikg ”.nanawosip

“ ,akidneS ”.natluS gnejnaK

malad nakpadahid rikgniT akaJ ,uti haleteS gnuga nakawesap kameD anatsI id

.rujnaG iaiK haruL helo alup itukiid ai ,orotniB

natamrohgnep nakirebmem libmas rujnaG iaiK raju ”,natluS gnejnaK ,raneB“apek .anaggnerT natluS ad

tagnas abmaH .rikgniT ased irad abmah nakanopek hisam ini rikgniT akaJ iS“ amirenem nanekreb natluS gnejnaK akij ilakes hisak amiretreb eloht akaJ

”.akudaP adap idbagnem rikgniT akaJ ”,anaggnerT natluS ataK ”,rujnaG haruL iK ,halkiaB“ amiret uka rikgniT

iagabes idba ”.orotniB kameD anatsI nagnukgnil id ”,natluS gnejnaK ,hisak amireT“ agnubreb rujnaG iaiK raju - agnub mlh( . 662 -

)962 .


65

natluS gnejnaK adapek idbagnem asib gnanes asarem nup rikgniT akaJ

kameD anatsi nagnukgnil id anaggnerT akaJ iS ,idba gnaroes iagabeS .orotniB

raulek nasabebek naktapadnem rikgniT - .orotniB kameD anatsI nagnukgnil id kusam

gnay rikgniT akaJ irid itaj salej araces iuhategnem kadit anaggnerT natluS ,aynapuR

gA iK artup halada ai aynranebes lahadaP .aynhuggnuses gnay agnaneK obeK gne

adnahayA ,hataP natluS hatirep sata suduK nanuS helo itam mukuh isukeskeid halet

halada teberaK saM aynilsa aman gnay rikgniT akaJ lahadaP .anaggnerT natluS ticic

uata hart yA utaR irusiamrep rulaj irad V ayajiwarB ubarP gnas gnusgnal u

abit ,nertupek namat uajninem rikgniT akaJ akiteK .itawarawD - naktegakid ai abit

gnay nertupek namat nakuB .itah nakbujkanem tagnas gnay nagnadnamep helo

irtup ,akapmeC saM utaR uyA anteR ;aynkilimep ipatet ,anosepret ayntaubmem

.kameD natluS amilek

,heH“ utigeb ”?nertupak namat ikusamem inareb iapmas uakgne hakapais.rikgniT akaJ adapek akapmeC anteR apas

rikgniT akaJ ayas ”,rikgniT akaJ atak ”,irtuP itsuG nupma ubireb nohoM“”.irtuP itsuG adnamaR adapek idbagnem amal muleb gnay

man gnay ay ini idaj ...O“ ”!?uti aynnaitkasek lanekret gnay rikgniT akaJ ayna.gnujnasret rikgniT akaJ taubmem akapmeC anteR atak

nup aynrirak ,iregen hurules ek lanekret nikames rikgniT akaJ narakednepeK

ipmip idajnem anaggnerT natluS helo takgnaid naidumek nup aI .tekorem suret nan

iagabes rikgniT akaJ ayntakgnaid ,aynapuR .orotniB kameD amatmat tirujarp

nemturker nakadagnem kadneh natluS gnas anerak amatmat tirujarp nadnamok

raseb tirujarp - .gnaro sutar tapme kaynabes utiay naraseb


75

aggnerT natluS atak ”,rikgniT akaJ ukartuP ,ieH“ uka ”,rikgniT akaJ adapek an .gnaro sutar tapme kaynabes amatmat tirujarp nemturker nakadagnem kadneh ayntarayS .aynanaskalep nadnamok iagabes kujnut uka gnay haluaK tapad uata gnetnab is nakhalagnem upmam gnay apas gnarab ;ajas anahredes

lapek gnelepmenem iagabes aid halamiret akam ,kumer aggnih gnetnab a”.amatmat tirujarp

naknalajnem pais rikgniT akaJ raju ”,natluS gnejnaK ,huwahd nekakotsegN“.sagut

gnodnobreb taykaR .orotniB kameD hurules ek nakgnadnamukid nup atireB -

nakratfadnem kutnu abocnem gnodnob .orotniB kameD amatmat tirujarp idajnem irid

nanipmip ukales rikgniT akaJ adap nakpadahid ratfadnem kadneh gnay gnaro paiteS

paites adapek nakalisrepmem rikgniT akaJ halurab kayal paggnaid haletes ,amatmat

araysrep ikseM .gnetnab nagned udaid kutnu atresep kat ipatet ,anahredes aynnat

gnaro tikides - aynaH .gnetnab is nataukek ipadahgnem nahalawuk gnay gnaro

omina akiteK .tubesret iskeles nagniraynep malad sulul gnay halajas gnaro ritnileges

abit nurut idajnem takaraysam - et gnay kuwagN gnudaD iK halgnatad abit lanekr

ai uti aynnaitkasek aneraK .ayngnupmak id anugardnam itkas gnay gnaroes iagabes

orotniB kameD id iapmas halet akitek nakhab ,irid nakgnobmoynem nasekret

gnudaD iK hunubmem aid aggnihes gnuggnisret asarem nup rikgniT akaJ .nupilakes

ep tabika ,kuwagN naaratnetek irad nakraulek id rikgniT akaJ uti aynnataubr

.orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

natluS helo gnayasid tagnas ai atres takgninem gnades aynreirak taas adaP

araces kuwagN gnudaD iK hunubmem ai aggnihes rubakat idajnem aI ,anaggnerT

rep irad tabikA .sigart naaratnetek irad nakraulekid rikgniT akaJ ,uti aynnataub

umetreb naka rikgniT akaJ ayntujnales hasik malad .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK


85

gnaro nagned - kutnu amasreb gnaujreb atres takgna araduas idajnem naka gnay gnaro

.ajar idajnem rikgniT akaJ gnukudnem

rulA rikgniT akaJ naasasutupek ianegnem nakhasikid nad igal karegreb ialum

akaJ ,asaret kaT .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naaratnetek irad nakraulek id ai taas

iD .gniggneP id agnaneK obeK gnegA iK aynadnamaR arasup ek iapmas rikgniT

nakukalem ai anas hahdayir les akaJ akitek ,tapmeek malam adaP .irah aparebeb ama

haloes ,ruditret aggnih rikizreb gnades rikgniT - biag araus ragnednem ai halo

:aynagnilet id aynadnamaR

“ reggN gnaro ada ijA sateG ased taked iD .araggneT hara ek uakgne haligrepmanreb utis id laggnit gnay nad utisid umak haltukI .uriB uynaB tuyuB iK a

”.aynhatnirep alages nakanaskal

akaJ T ,aynpudih nalaosrep irad raulek nalaj naktapadnem asarem rikgni

sateG aseD ujunem nalajreb uti gniggneP gnegA ik artuP urab gnay tagnames nagned

apatrep iumenem kutnu ijA ,anas id ayniapmaseS .uriB uynaB tuyuB iK ,itkas

haleteS .uriB uynaB tuyuB iK iumenem rikgniT akaJ ,uriB uynaB nusuD id ayntapet

nakrutahgnem itkeb habmes adapek aynitah duskam nakaratugnem rikgniT akaJ ,

.uruG gnaS

ynaB tuyuB iK raju :,rikgniT akaJ reggN“ apab hadus umnagnatadek ,uriB uuggnut - acnaM saM aguj ipatet ,umuggnunem gnay apab aynah nakuB !uggnut

hart hisam gnay akeL akaJ iK artup ,acnaM saM halada aid naklanekreP .ini”!umnagned harad nagnubuh ada hisam aggnihes ,tihapajaM

aJ ,uti naumetrep adaP tuyuB iK helo nakaraduasrepid acnaP saM iK nad rikgniT ak

nakidajid acnaM saM nad rikgniT akaJ anerak igal nakaigahabmem hibel uriB uynaB

aynaudek ,uti kajeS .uriB uynaB tuyuB iK helo takgna kana iagabes gnelbmegid


95

iagabreb narajagnep nagned umlegn iK helo gnay aynnakopedap id uriB uynab tuyuB

.aynamal nalub agit iapmas gnusgnalreb urug gnas narajagnep asaret kaT .anahredes

hadus ”,irah utaus adap uriB uynaB tuyuB iK raju ”,rikgniT akaJ reggN“kameD ek mulebes ipateT .orotniB kameD ek ilabmek uakgne ayntaas ,

najuhgnep misum adap babes ,atawarP anatsI ratikes ek uakgne haligrep uakgne ragA .atawarP anatsI id adareb anaggnerT natluS aynasaib uti itrepes ulal ini hanat maggneges halawab akam ,natluS gnejnaK helo nakitahrepid

rokees tulum ek nakkusam unad obek , utnet ,ini hanat nakusamem uak haletesgnarO .atawarP haread id kumagnem naka idat uabrek - nad kameD gnaro

nakhalagnem upmam gnay ada kat atawarP unad obek halgnaub akam , is hunubmem asib naka uakgne utigeb nagneD .uabrek tulum irad aynhanat

unad obek k uti maggneges nakhareynem ayares uriB uynaB tuyuB iK ata.rikgniT akaJ adapek hanat

hatnirep nakanaskal abmah nakA“ rikgniT akaJ raju ”!uruG apaB mlh( . 872 -)082 .

iK ,acnaP saM iK ,ayntaked gnaro agit amasreb rikgniT akaJ natakgnarebeK

aP .aliW iK nad ligaruW nakkaregid ignapmut akerem gnay tikar nanalajrep taas ad

ayaub nahulup talik tapeces ,natarad id ayniapmaseS .ayaub nahulup helo - uti ayaub

nad acnaM saM iK nataras id gnidnat gnarep malaD .nupma apnat akerem gnareynem

hululem lisahreb aynnawak - up nakkatnal ulaJ hitaP helo nipmipid gnay ayaub nahul

ayauB .gnapmaM - sibah rajahid uti ayaub - nagned acnaM saM iK helo nasibah

gnatab adap naktebasid - gnay rikgniT akaJ ,aynures halak kaT .raseb uyak gnatab

elo nipmipid gnay ayaub kaynab koyorekid iagnus rasad ek nujret ;ayaub ajar gnas h

ajaR .itam gnay kaynab uti ayaub taubmem rikgniT akaJ gnajret kapeS !askeR uaB

.harsap nup askeR uaB ayaub

.halak hareynem askeR uaB atak ”,halak hareynem ayas ,nedaR nupmA“ uak aneraK !umnataubrep igal ignalugnem inareb uak ualak sawA“ halet

ek iapas uknanalajrep nakratnagnem surah uak akam uknalajrep uggnagnem.macnagnem rikgniT akaJ atak ”,atawarP haread


06

raga ayas haub kana adapek nakhatnirep naka ayas ,nedaR halkiaB“ naut nanalajrep ratnagnem - naut mlh( ” . )782 .

em ,irah malam haleteS ulal rikgniT akaJ .hutuB haread id iapmas aker

ayapus tikar hawab id gnorodnem gnay ayaub hulup tapme adapek taraysi irebmem

huyagnem irah aparebeb haletes nahalelek tagnas aumes akerem ,aynapuR .itnehreb

dirum adumep tapmeek ,aynhalel gnikas aneraK .tikar uynaB tuyub iK uriB

tikar sata id taharitsireb mlh( . 682 - )882 .

gnegA iK aynapuR .hamur raulek hutuB gnegA iK ,malam hagnet akiteK

gnay aynhamur namalah id nairidnes gnunemret kudud aI .rages nigna nakhutubmem

abit ,rukafatreb kisa ai amal muleB .saul - it ayahac ada tahilret aynhamur sata id ab

torolmuc awhab igal isgnas kat aI .tahilret aynhamur taked iagnus id hutajret nad

ayahac torolmuc halada idat ’notark uyhaw‘ amal kat awhab naktaraysignem uti lah ,

orotniB kameD nanatlusaK id nanipmimepek kipmat igal .itnagreb areges naka

”!rikgniT akaJ ukartup adapek hutaj idat notark uyhaw“ ualak nikay ukA“ iagnus ek hutaj tubesret uyhaW apagnem ,ipatet ”,hutuB gnegA iK mamug

?apagneM ?anas id ada rikgniT akaJ raneb apA ?ukhamur taked

greb areges nup hutuB gnegA iK .aynhamur gnakaleb id iagnus ujunem nalajreb sage

gnades aynnawak agit amasreb rikgniT akaJ .raneb aynnaagud ,anas id ayniapmaseS

tikar sata id aynrudit malad palelret

”!...halnugnaB ...rikgniT akaJ ukartuP ...reggN“ nugnabmem gnay ..aynapur gnegA iK ...O“ nak rikgniT akaJ apas ”,ayas rudit

mlh( . 982 - )092 .

.atawarP haread naadaek gnatnet nakatirecnem nad igal karegreb ialum rulA

akij aynarik halrajaw hadni gnamem atawarP nagnunugep haread id nagnadnameP


16

eynem ulales anaggnerT natluS gnejnaK ,najuhgnep misum kutnu irid naktapm

,rages aradu habmatid nubmir nad uajih nagnadnamep nagneD .inis id taharitsireb

nakraulegnem malad hinrej hibel rikifreb tapad anaggnerT natluS gnejnaK aynarik

haread id ayniapmases uriB uynaB tuyuB iK nasep nagned iauseS .nakajibek

warP iracnem areges rikgniT akaJ ,ata unad obek araces nanehdises hanat ulal

naidumek ,uabrek is tulum malad ek nakkusamid urug gnas nairebmep unad obek

agraw kudnanem ubesret unad obek ,uti nialeS .gnaggnal gnaggnut iral tubesret

ab aggnihes nagnunugep ratikes taykar ,malam agit irah agiT .akulret gnay kayn

raneb atawarP - is helo nakregegid raneb unad obek ayngnajret kapes kumagnem gnay

itrepes notatek gnehtnab is ,igal aynhena unad obek igap adap kumagnem aynah

.natuh malad ek kusam ai aynmalaM .ajas eros iapmas

anaggnerT natluS irad hanama tapadnem halet rikgniT akaJ nakhasikiD

isatagnem tapad aid alibapa unad obek malad ilabmek nakajrekepid naka aid akam

is nagned rikgniT akaJ nagnuratreP .orotniB kameD natlusaK unad obek raneb - raneb

m ,ures tagnas gnusgnalreb ilakreb ikse - kajniret nad nakudnat anekret ilak - ,kajni

gnog nad gnadnek nagniri arauS .igal kaget iridreb upmam patet rikgniT akaJ ipatet

haloes - ihaduynem areges kutnu rikgniT akaJ tagnames naktikgnabmem upmam halo

nataukek nagned rikgniT akaJ .nagnuratrep ,uabrek is nadab takgnagnem artske

sarek ayngnitnabid - is tapmes muleb ,sarek unad obek akaJ naidumek surujes ,tikgnab

karos akitek uabrek tulum lukumem areges rikgniT - nahubat nagniri nad iaros

aulegnem areges rikgniT akaJ ,sarek ragnedret gnog nad gnadnek maggneges nakr

is alapek lukumem areges rikgniT akaJ uti haleteS .uabrek is tulum irad hanat obek


26

unad gnipekreb rucnah aggnih - is gnipek unad obek gnay anerak ,akitekes sawet nup

.ayniuhatekid halet uabrek is nahamelek idajnem

lisahreb halet uakgne aneraK“ kajes akam ,kiab nagned umsagut naknalajnem igal nakilabmek uka ,amatmat tirujarp nanipmip iagabes nakududek gnarakes akaJ gnanes naasarep tubmasid anaggnerT natluS raju ”,rikgniT akaJ ,umadap

.rikgniT

s nad ignidnatret kat gnay naitkasek nagned lakebreB akaJ gnajret kape

natluS gnejnaK niales ,lartnes hokot itrepes orotniB kameD nanatlusaK id rikgniT

nanipmip iagabes sigretarts tagnas gnay aynnakududek nagneD .iridnes anaggnerT

s ai igalapA .roetem iagab tasep taselem rikgniT akaJ reirak ,amatmat tirujarp tagna

asaj anerak ,iridnes aynartup itrepes anaggnerT natluS gnejnaK helo gnayasid - asaj

nanatlusaK naawabiwek nad nanamaek agajnem malad raseb tagnas rikgniT akaJ

.gnarep itapaneS uata gnarep aduyalaggnaM idajnem naktabonid ai aynrihka ,kameD

akaJ nagnubuH ,akapmeC saM iweD gnaS nagned barka nikgnames hadus rikgniT

pudihes kadneh ijnajreb halet aynaudek nakhab - arethab ignuragnem malad itames

ikal nasni audeK .aggnat hamur napudihek - raneb uti naupmerep nad ikal - raneb

lad hisak atnic naiamesrep tujarem kadneh .naniwakrep utiay ,tauk gnay nataki ma

abit ”,adnaK ,ipateT“ - haubes naktariynem itrepes akapmeC anteR abit.aynhajaw id tahilret gnay naugarek

naridahek amirenem nanekreb amaR gnejnaK hakapa ugar idajnem ukA“utnanem aumes tagnigneM !?ukimaus idajnem adnaK halada amaR gnejnaK

”!?amaR gnejnaK atam id adnaK nakududek his apa ,lahadaP .ajaR arap

anam ek arabmegnem aynnarikiP .usel kudnutret rikgniT akaJ - raneb ,anam

ikal utnanem gnamem ,akapmeC saM onteR nagnadnap aguj - anaggnerT natluS ikal

jaR idajnem aynumes aynlasim natluS amatrep irtuP .itapidA takgnites natluS uata a


36

audek gnaY .gnapmaS gnegA iK artup raggnaL naregnaP helo nakhakinid halet

ilaK naregnaP ilakinid gnay tamaynilaK utaR agitek gnay ,atawarP naregnaP

gnaP helo ihakinid irtup tapmeek gnay ,tamayN anteR amilek gnay nad noberiC nare

ek artup gnadeS ?ajas aduyalaggnaM helo ihakinid naka aynah kasam ;akapmeC mane

rumiT naregnaP usgnub uata mlh( . 992 - )203 .

anaggnerT natluS irtup namargn kadneh talub nikgnames rikgniT akaJ dakeT

kapmeC anteR ,amilek gnay anaggnerT natluS gnejnaK itah nakhululem kutnu a

gnay irah adaP .aynkilucnem nagned aynah ilaucek nial nalaj ada kat aynkapmat

raneb rikgniT akaJ ,nakanacnerid - akapmeC anteR kilucnem ayniska nakukalem raneb

namat id anasaus ,orotniB kameD nertupeK namat id anerak regeg idajnem nertupak

tirujarp haletes ,ipatet rikgniT akaJ helo kilucid gnalih natluS gnejnaK amilek irtup

.aynnawalem inareb kat ilakes amas akerem rikgniT akaJ aynkilucnep tahilem agaj

nertupek namat naklaggninem igrep rikgniT akaJ uti haleteS tirujarp gnadeS .kameD

adapek akapmeC anteR iweD nakilucnep naidajek nakropalem areges nup agaj

mamugreb anaggnert natluS ,uti naropal ragnedneM .anaggnerT natluS gnejnaK

:itah malad

adA“ - nup kilucnem hasu kat lahadaP .rikgniT akaJ ,uti umnakadnit ajas ada ,”.umnagned akapmeC ukirtup nakhakinem kadneh uka

rikgniT akaJ nauT gnarakes ”,agaj tirujarp atak ”,natluS gnejnaK itsuG“”.anatsi raul id natluS gnejnaK nabawaj uggnunem gnades

aynamirenem nanekreb uka awhab rikgniT akaJ adap ajas nakatak ayI“em iagabes .gnetne natluS bawaj ”,ukutnan

raneb anaggnerT natluS - aynamilek irtup nakhakinem aynijnaj itapenem raneb

rikgniT akaJ uti taas kajeS .rikgniT akaJ nagned akapmeC saM uyA anteR


46

rak ubir tapme saules aynhanat gnay gnajaP haread id itapidA idajnem naktabonid ay

natluS ralegreb rikgniT akaJ ,gnajaP itapida idajnem akiteK .)eratkeh 4/3 = ayrak1(

,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK hawab id adareb gnajaP naasaukeK .ayajiwidaH

iridahgnem surah ai aggnihes nanawosip ilakes nuhates kameD ek mlh( . 303 - )503 .

ret gnay naniwakreP akapmeC uyA anteR nagned rikgniT akaJ aratna idaj

atkhat adap rikgniT akaJ naktakednem nikgnames ,anaggnerT natluS irtup

helo gnajaP itapidA iagabes naktabonid rikgniT akaJ .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

yajiwidaH natluS ralegreb rikgniT akaJ ,anaggnerT natluS id gnajap hayaliW .a

nad ,rumkam ayntaykar ,tasep ujam idajnem rikgniT akaJ nanipmimepek hawab

utas halas nakapurem rikgniT akaJ nakbabeynem ini laH .gnabmekreb aynimonoke

.anaggnerT natluS nakitnaggnem kutnu tauk nolac

basreb uam kat rikgniT akaJ aynapuR haletes aynarikid ,ra uyhaw nabitek

notarek lahadaP .ajas irah nagnutih malad raseb ajaR uata natluS idajnem gnusgnal ai

gnajaP netapidaK awhab ridkat natarus nagned iauses aynnanipmimepek haletes

natubes nagned lanekid aggnih tasep naujamek imalagnem ameg iwanij hol hapir h

oretnaes ek lanekret nikam ayajiwidaH natluS naitkasek nad naayadgidak uti niales

aynatreb gnay kaynab anaggnerT natluS .awaJ hanat - kahreb gnay hakapais aynat

atic nakdujuwem kutnU ?awaJ hanaT id athat naksurenem - ajaR idajnem aynatic

bes natluS aynkadites ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK id anaggnerT natluS itnaggnep iaga

:inkay ,gnitnep lah agit nakukalem ayajiwidaH

gnuggnemuT nad itapidA arap nakkulkanem ayajiwidaH natluS ,amatreP

akerem akij orotniB kameD notareK hawab id nial ajaR arap atres ,nawalem inareb


56

nages kat ayajiwidaH natluS - aumes ripmah aynnaataynek nad ignaremem nages

naitkasek padahret tukat asarem anerak ayajiwidaH natluS adap kudnut nakataynem

.asaib raul gnay

has gnay naukagnep uata isamitigel iracnem ayajiwidaH natluS ,audeK

s adap utser atnimem nagned orotniB kameD natluS gnaidnem itnagnep iagabe

id nakududekreb uti taas adap gnay ,agnaS ilaW itfum natnam ,iriG nanuS gnejnaK

.kiserG

ibol nakukalem aynmulebes ayajiwidaH natluS ,agiteK - adapek kitilop ibol

gnugnemuT ,itapidA arap anacner gnukudnem uam raga nial gnay ajaR uata natluS

iagabes inkay ;orotniB kameD nanatlusaK itnagagnep iagabes gnajaP nanatlusaK

nakhadnimem naidumek ayajiwidaH natluS akaM .apiwdawaJ id laggnut asaugnep

ajaP nanatlusaK ek orotniB kameD nanatlusaK anatsI natluS uti haduses gn

kameD nanatlusaK surenep iagabes ayniridreb nakisaralkednem areges ayajiwidaH

es iasaugnem gnay orotniB - nagned duskamid gnay aynhuggnuses haluti awaJ hanat

gnijnam halet gnay notarek uyhaw K tahilid hanrep gnay rikgniT akaJ irid malad i

uriB uynaB tuyuB iK naklamarid hanrep nad hutuB gnegA agajilaK nanuS nad mlh( .

503 - )703 .

kat ayajiwidaH natluS gnajaP nanatlusaK id aynnanipnimepek malaD

kutnu uriB uynaB tuyuB iK aynurug nasep nakapulem awabiw itkum saM iK amasreb

ad ligaruW iK ,acnaM .aynadapek asajreb kaynab halet ini amales gnay aliW iK n

nagned gnajaP hitaP iagabes acnaM saM iK takgnagnem naidumek nup natluS gnaS

iagabes takgnaid aliW iK nad ligaruW iK gnades ,arageN acnaM gnuggnemuT raleg


66

o aud ,iwajneP iK nad nahanamaP iK .itapida sinegN gnegA iK artup araduas gnar

helo utnabid gnay gnajaP nanatlusaK amatmat harul idajnem aleS gnegA iK ucuc nad

imalaid gnay natewurek uata nalaosrep isatagnem kutnu ayacrepid inatraM uruJ iK

P iK ,nahanameP iK inkay aynagitek nalutebeK .natluS gnejnaK uruJ iK ,iwajne

nagned urugreb akitek ayajiwidaH natluS naurugrepes araduas halada inatraM

kameD nanatlusaK naayajek asam adap nakgnidnabid akiJ .agajilaK nanuS gnejnaK

amas aynranebes gnay ,gnajaP id nanatlusaK nagned orotniB - hart surenep amas

iwarB ubarP kameD nanatlusaK .aynnaadebrep ilakes kapmat ,tihapajaM ajaR V ayaj

helo nakiridid gnay awaJ hanat id ilak amatrep malsI naajarek halad orotniB

naaskalep adap naksukofmem hibel gnay hataP nedaR saila nubmiJ naregnaP

ad edotem nagned malsI tairays nakagenep ilaW arap helo taredom araces hawk

asam adap ,aynkilabeS .larutluk nupuam larutkurts natakednep nagned kiab ,agnaS

nasekret kapmat ayajiwidaH natluS nanipmimepek hawab id gnajaP natluS naayajek

R utaR iyN nagned nagnubuh nilajnem naratnal igolodotim asnaun iksem ,ludiK ara

tafisreb kapmat ayajiwidaH natluS nipmipid gnay gnajaP nanatlusaK naikimed

nakparetid aggnihes tamu nagnitnepek nad nagnolog aumes padahret fitadomuka

natluS nanipmimepek asamid idajret kat uti lah akubret utnip kitilop nakajibek

niB kameD naraja ihuragnepid hibel gnajaP nanatlusaK hakapa ,halhatne ,orot

aluwak gnilagnunaM - itsuG artup enebaton gnay rikgniT akaJ helo nakparetid gnay

rips urug atres agnaneK obeK gnegA iK raneJ itiS hkiayS aynhaya lauti mlh( . 803 -

)113 .


76

ed rihkareb ini luduj buS iapaggnem ayajiwidaH natluS nalisahrebek nagn

nahatniremeP .anaggnerT natluS aynautrem nakitnaggnem orotniB kameD athkat

fitadomoka hibel kapmat ayajiwidaH natluS nagnolog aumes padahret nad

bret utnip kitilop nakajibek nakparetid aggnihes tamu nagnitnepek kat uti lah aku

ek asamid idajret orotniB kameD natluS nanipmimep naasaukek natuberep tulemeK .

helo nakgnanemid gnay anaggnerT natluS nakitnaggnem kameD naajareK atkhat

itapida ada hisam anerak sulum nalajreb kat ajas utnet gnajaP ajaR ayajiwidaH natluS

nay utiay orotniB kameD athkat surenep iagabes kayal hibel asarem nad gnatnenem g

.gnasgnaneP ayrA

aI .ajar iagabes anaggnerT natluS nakitnaggnem aynrihka rikgniT akaJ

.orotniB kameD nanatlusaK surenep iagabes gnajaP nanatlusaK nakisaralkednem

asam adaP remep gnajaP nanatlusaK nahatni asnaun ,rikgniT akaJ aynajar nagned

aluwaK gnilaggunam naraja huragnep nad igolodotim - ialum atres asaret hibel itsuG

fitadomoka hibel gnajaP nanatlusaK .ludiK araR utaR iyN nagned nagnubuh ada

gnitnepek nad nagnolog aumes padahret utnip kitilop nakparetid aggnihes tamu na

uti laH .orotniB kameD natluS nanipmimepek asamid idajret kat uti lah akubret

ajar idajnem aynkana naknignignem gnay rikgniT akaJ adnubi naparah nagned iauses

v ayajiwarB ubarP ayngnaye itrepes lida gnay ahgnem nad kulemem nasabebek iagr

ayntakaraysam helo tunaid gnay naayacrepek iagrahgnem nad amaga atik itrepeS .

iK rikgniT akaJ haya iuhatek id agnaneK obeK gnegA mukuh nanatlusaK helo itam

nagned naayacrepek kulemem malad naulahes kadit ai anerak aynah orotniB kameD

.orotniB kameD nanatlusaK helo tunaid gnay naayacrepek


86

4.2 pahaT xamilC skamilK uata

,luduj bus malad kapmat ini levon malad kilfnok skamilK rabmeK irahataM

gnajaP nanatlusaK id rikgniT akaJ naitkasek nup apa tabeheS awhab nakatireciD .

luS ralegreb gnay aynautrem adnamaR itnaggnep iagabes gnajaP ajaR ayajiwidaH nat

es iasugnem gnay orotniB kameD nanatlusaK id anaggnerT natluS - ipat ,awaJ hanat

gnay ,nalonaP gnapiJ itapidA ,gnasgnaneP ayrA .aynigab gnalahgnep ada kat nakub

em kadneh gnatnal kairetreb inareb ai ,nakhab ,ayajiwidaH natluS naitkasek ignidnan

utnanem aynah gnay rikgniT akaJ adapirad awaJ id ajaR idajnem kahreb hibel asarem

adeS naregnaP artuP halada gnasgnaneP ayrA .ajas anaggnerT natluS gnaidnem

nanipmimepek ,agitek gnay hataP natluS artup nepeL laggninepes ,orotniB kameD

sunU itaP laggninepes sunU itaP aud ek aynartup naksuretid gnamem hataP natluS

gnay ipatet nepeL adeS naregnaP halada aynitnaggnep idajnem gnay aynitsemes

uS gnaidnem tapmeek artuP anaggnerT nedaR halada natluS itnaggnep idajnem natl

ataY aruS helo hunubid nepeL adeS naregnaP arakrep idajnem gnay halinisiD .hataP

ipatet ,anaggnerT natluS audek artup ,atawarP nanuS saila atawarP nedaR nasutu

naitamek satA .nepeL adeS naregnaP nawak helo isibahid nup ataY aruS

naneP ayrA ,aynadnamaR madned salabmem kadneh gnasgnaneP ayrA .gnareb gnasg

nanuS uti taaS .atawarP nanuS helo hunubid gnay aynadnamaR aynsawet sata

orotniB kameD id itapidA idajnem gnajaP natluS helo naktabonid hadus atawarP

A nanignieK .anaggnerT natluS aynadnamaR nakitnaggnem nalonaP gnapiJ itapid


96

nanuS ,aynlautirips urug irad nagnukud tapadnem ai igalapa ,nigna sata id itrepes

ap gnay dirum gnamem aI .suduK suduK nanuS helo ignayasid gnil mlh( . 613 - )713 .

,aynlawagnep idba adapek nakhatniremem naidumek gnasgnaneP ayrA

,dukgnaR iynubmes arac nagned atawarP nanuS awayn isibahgnem ayapus -

.sagut naknalajnem kadneh takgnareb nup dukgnar ,aynirah malaM .iynubmes

nagned dukgnaR ,orotniB kameD id ayniapmaseS namehdises anatsi malad ek kusam

P nanuS ataynret ,atawarP nanuS ramak iracnem aynirtsi inametid tikas gnades atawar

awayn isibahgnem inkay ;aynsagut nakanaskalem areges dukgnaR nupma apnat

.akerem hubutek koteB iaiK sirek nakkusunem nagned aynirtsi nad atawarP nanuS

y koteB iaiK libmagnem tapmes atawarP nanuS ,haradreb naadaek malaD gna

ulal hutajret nup dukgnaR .dukgnaR ek nakrapmelem ulal aynirtsi hubut id pacanem

aynlaggninem rabaK .ainud laggninem nup atawarP nanuS aidumek amal kat ,sawet

aynimaus amasreb aI .tamaynilaK utaR ,aynkida naulipek taubmem atawarP nanuS

yN ilaK naregnaP urub tama - nakautid tagnas gnay suduK nanuS ignatadnem urub

.natluS artup naregnap arap helo

halet atawarP nanuS ayas kakaK .nalidaek nohom imak ,nanuS gnejnaK“ nalidaek anamiagab ulal :gnasgnaneP ayrA nahurus gnaro helo isibahid

K utaR ataK !?nanuS gnejnaK .setorp tamayN ila haliuhatek“ :nabawaj nakirebmem suduK nanuS gnetne nagneD“ kuhdneG

iaynupmem uti atawarP umkakak awhab tamaynilaK itap gnatuh ayrA adapek ,akaM .alup itap nagned rayabid surah itap gnatuh lahadaP .gnasgnaneP

bmem gnasgnaneP ayrA nakadnit haduS .halas kadit atawarP umakak hunu”.sapmi

suduK nanuS nabawaj ragnednem tamaynilaK utaR itah aynawecek apateB

apnaT .gnasgnaneP ayrA ,aynnagnayasek dirum alebmem tagnas nasekret gnay


07

labmek tamaynilaK naregnaP aynimaus nad tamaynilaK utaR ,natimapreb .gnalup i

gnaro helo tagecid aynaudek nanalajrep hagnet iD - .gnasgnaneP ayrA nahurus gnaro

iamareb rajahid aynimaus tahilem ,tamayN ilaK naregnaP hunubmem ulal akereM -

gnaro helo iamar - tamayN ilaK utaR itah ,sawet aggnih gnasgnaneP ayrA gnaro

I .mader kumer uanaD tikub ek iapmas aggnih naujut hara apnat igrep naidumek a

,talub gnajnalet nagned apatreb kutnu naksutumem tamayN ilaK utaR anas id ,ajaR

.iaruret gnajnap gnay ayntubmar nagned ipututid ayntarua gnades

h amales anasub iakamem uam kadit hapmusreb ukA“ ayrA akij pudi ayrA hunubmem tapad gnay apas gnaraB .ainud laggninem muleb gnasgnaneP hurules nakhareynem nad aynadapek idbagnem naka uka akam gnasgnaneP

nilaK utaR naikimeD ”.uknaayakek atrah aynidames malad hapmusreb tamay mlh( . 713 - )913 .

ek irad tabikA itaP natluS aynlaggninem haletes naasaukek natuberep tulem

iagabes gnasgnaneP ayrA irad haya nepeL odeS natluS naksawenem gnay sunU

ayrA .sunU itaP natluS haletes orotniB kameD nanatlusaK atkhat sirawep

mep adapek aynhaya naitamek salab tutnunem gnasgnaneP utiay aynhaya hunub

anerak orotniB kameD nanatlusaK atkhat libmagnem kadneh ai atres atawarP natluS

has gnay atkhat sirawep iagabes asarem ai natluS utnanem paggnaid rikgniT akaJ .

kracnalem kutnu ,gnusgnal nanurutek sirag nakapurem nakub aggnihes anaggnerT na

utaR imaus hunubmem aguj gnasgnaneP ayrA ,uti aynnaasaukek natuberep iska

.tamaynilaK

helo gnusgnal kadit araces gnukudid aguj ini gnasgnaneP ayrA nakadniT

gnipmasiD .aynnagnayasek dirum nakapurem gnasgnaneP ayrA anerak suduK nanuS

duK nanuS ,aumes uti atic irakignem halet rikgniT akaJ nahatniremep asarem su - atic


17

suduK nanuS paggnaid gnasgnaneP ayrA .malsI tairays nakkagenep utiay kameD

atic awabmem tapad - hanat id malsI tairays nakkagenep malad ilabmek kameD atic

.awaJ

eb hisam gnasgnaneP ayrA ,aratnemeS hunubmem halet iksem saup mul

ai ,madned salab iska nakukalem haleteS .tamayN ilaK naregnaP nad atawarP nanuS

tapad kat salej aynnanigniek ipatet ,awaJ hanaT id ajaR idajnem kadneh resegreb

aneP ayrA nainarebeK .pudih hisam ayajiwidaH natluS akij iapacret raneb gnasgn -

gnapiJ itapidA nainarebeK .gnajaP nanatlusaK id rabmek irahatam itrepes raneb

sirek naladna akasup ikilimem gnasgnaneP ayrA naratnal ayajiwidaH natluS adapek

nakatagnem gnapiJ itapida ,suduK nanuS adapeK .reboK nateS tognorB

:aynnanigniek

kiJ“ akij babes ,gnajaP rupmeggnem naka ayas ,iutserem nanuS gnejnaK a ajaR idajem naka ayas nikgnum anamiagab ,pudih hisam ayajiwidaH adniD

es - ”!?awaJ hanaT akij ”,naktagnignem suduK nanuS atak ”!gnasgnaneP ayrA ...reggN nagnaJ“

aP nanatlusaK rupmeggnem uakgne aynhutaj nakbabeynem naka utnet gnaj naknabrognem nagnaj ini nahalasamrep malad aynkadneH .kaynab nabrok kasurem naka uti gnajaP gnareynem umnanigniek gnipmas id ,kaynab taykar

”.naaragenek nanatat id ajaR idajnem asib ayas anamiagab ,nanuS gnejnaK ipateT“ akij apiwdawaJ

”!?pudih hisam ayajiwidaH natluS adniD

idajnem aynasar tareB .gnajnap safan lipmagnem tahilret suduK nanuS hupesinip

.kitilop nalaosrep isurugnem gnay

raneb gnasgnaneP saM kaN akij ,ukduskaM“ - natluS hunubmem nigni ranebl aynkadneh ,gnajaP maid araces nakuka - taykar naktabilem nagnaj ,maid

.suduK nanuS atak”,ini halasam malad kaynab ”!uti nakukal ayas ,nanuS gnejnaK ,raneB“


27

ayapus aynlawagnep gnaro tapme huruynem naidumek gnasgnaneP ayrA

maid araces ayajiwidaH natluS hunubmem - agnet adap maid araP .malam h

nagned ,aguj uti taas takgnareb nup aynlawagnep nanehdises soborenem akerem ,

,salup ruditret gnades natluS gnaS aynapur ,ayajiwidaH natluS ramak ek kusam

gnaro tapmeek ,igal odnamok uggnunem apnat ,ayngnipmasid rudit aynirtsi gnades

A nahurus ilakgnalureb natluS tumiles ek aynatajnes nakkusunem uti gnapiJ itapid

atajnes ,hena ipat - ,ayajiwidaH natluS hubut ek nakkusutid napmem kat uti atajnes

.nup tikides serogret kat nup tumiles niak nakhab

ek kairetreb natluS irtsi !!!...gnolot...gnolot...grA“ sar - tahilem akitel sarekilakreb atajnes nagned makitid aynimaus - tapmeek nakbabeynem aggnih ilak

.iral irucnep gnaro

,ayajiwidaH tumiles anekret rapakret nad hutajret tubesret gnaro tapmeeK

gnasgnaneP ayrA nasutu iagabes ukagnem nup akerem aynatid haletes nakoseeK .

nakaracibnem kutnu suduK nanuS nagnadnu tapadnem gnajaP natluS aynirah

nagnadnu ihunemem gnajaP natluS utnet dirum gnaroes iagabeS .umli ianegnem

natluS iwajneP iK nad nahanameP iK naras sata naikimed ualaw ,suduK nanuS

tahreb atnimid ayajiwidaH i-h naadapawek agajem patet nad ita mlh( . 913 - )223 .

,suduK ek takgnareb lawagnep tirujarp atreseb ayajiwidaH natluS

ayrA iumetid opodnep id kudud ayajiwidaH natluS ,suduK id ayniapmases

ajiwidaH natluS .hamur malad id hisam suduK nanuS gnadeS .gnasgnaneP nad ay

.farays taru gnarep aynaudek ilakes salej napadahreb kudud gnasgnaneP ayrA

arupreb gnasgnaneP ayrA atak”,natluS adniD“ - hadus aynasar ”,barka arup”.umli ijakgnem ini suduK apadnep id umetreb kadit atik amal

uS ”,amal pukuc hadus gnamem ,adnak raneB“ .ipaggnanem ayajiwidaH natl


37

”?gnarakes iakap adniD gnay apa sireK“ ”.adnaK ,amal gnay sirek aY“

”?ayntahilem uka hakheloB“

id nakpilesid gnay akasup libmagnem areges nup ayajiwidaH natluS

sirek haletes ,gnasgnaneP ayrA adapek nakhareynem ulal ,ayngnuggnup hadnipreb

ayrA itah duskam ,aynakgnaraw irad sirek tubacnem gnasgnaneP ayrA ,nagnat

ayajiwidaH natluS .gnajaP natluS adapek uti sirek nakmakminem nigni gnasgnaneP

:atakreb ayares aynsirek tubacnem ulal ,nial gnay aynakasup nakraulegnem

sgnaneP ayrA gnakaK“ hisam ,uti gnagep adnaK gnay uksirek adapirad gna”.ini gnagep uka gnay nasugab

”?sugab aguj ini tahil uka gnaY“ hupma gnay kuburC iaiK amanreb ini gnagep uka gnay ,gnakaK kadiT“

amas nupiksem ,ilakes - alib ,taysad hibel ini kuburC iaiK ipatet hupma amasro ”.itam naka aid akam , ajas serogret gna

irad tabeh hibel gnay uknaladna akasup iaynupmem aguj nup ukA“ gnasgnaneP ayrA :,reboK nateS tognorB iaiK sireK aynaman ,umnaaynupek

.katreggnem

airtasek audek napakacreP udam gnisebmer amusuk gnihart sutupret uti nanuS akitek

arupreb suduK - nagned kudud gnades gnay ayndirum gnaro audek tahilem tegak arup

gnisam sirek sunuhgnem gnilas - .gnisam

suduK nanuS apas ”!?sirek sunuhgnem gnilas audreb nailak ini apa adA“as areges ”,ayajiwidaH natluS nad gnasgnaneP ayrA adapek !umsirek nakgnur

apagnem ,araduasreb nak uti nailak ,alup igaL .gnaro tahilid ualak kiab kadiT”!?nahusumreb gnilas

,tubesret sirek nakgnuraynem nakatagnem suduK nanuS duskam aynranebeS

k ayngnagepid gnay sirek nakmakinem areges gnasgnaneP ayrA raga inkay hubut e

sirek ,nahalaM .paggnat gnaruk aynnagnayasek dirum aynapuR .ayajiwidaH natluS


47

k nakharesid nad nakkusamid haletes ,tubesret ayajiwidaH natluS adapek ilabme

.mlh( 223 - )423 .

ayajiwidaH natluS nagned gnasgnaneP ayrA aratna nagnagetek ,halutigeB

arabi umetreb asib kaT .hanat kaynim nagned rawat ria aratna rupmacnem itrepes aynt

gnilas aynaudek naratnal idajret aumes uti ,nial amas utas nakococek ada kadit atres

gnisam naranebek mialkgnem - ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK irad uajnitid akiJ .gnisam

asamrep malad gnay gnasgnaneP ayrA utiay raneb gnay kahip ilakgnarab ,ini nahal

ayrA alumes gnaY .hataP natluS agitek artup ,nepeL adeS naregnaP artup enebaton

nagned nepeL adeS naregnaP aynhaya naitamek sata madned salabmem gnasgnaneP

aregnaP nad atawarP nanuS hunubmem nagned naksuretid ulal tamayN ilaK n

kahreb hibel asarem gnasgnaneP ayrA .gnajaP ajaR ,ayajiwidaH natluS ihusumem

natluS utnanem aynah gnay rikgniT akaJ adaP irad awaJ hanat id ajar idajnem

tniB kameD nanatlusaK mulebes athat irad uajnitid ualaK .anaggnerT idaj helob oro

rikgniT akaJ saila teberaK saM halada apiwdawaJ id ajar idajnem tapet gnilap gnay

rulaj irad V ayajiwarB ubarP )tapmeek isareneg( ticic halada aid babeS ?apagnem

gnades ,agnaneK obeK artup halada rikgniT akaJ .itawarawD uyA utaR irusiamrep

K halada nuynabmeP anteR gnades ,nuynabmeP anteR artup halada agnaneK obe

nedaR akitek aynbabes utI .aynirusiamrep nagned V ayajiwarB ubarP amatrep irtuP

kadit agnaneK obeK gnegA iK ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK nakisaralkednem hataP

gnas naadarebek iukagnem uam riles irad kana hataP nedaR anerak ,hataP natluS

atic ,aynaatayneK .naiK iweD utiay V ayajiwarB ubarP - obeK gnegA iK raseb atic


57

aynrihka ,hataP natluS nagnat irad tihapajaM athat tutnunem kadneh gnay agnaneK

s rikgniT akaJ aynkana helo iapacid augnep iagabe awaJ id laggnut as mlh( . 423 - )623 .

orotniB kameD nanatlusaK ek aynrirak ialumem rikgniT akaJ aynhenA

isukeskeid halet aynadnahaya lahadap ;anaggnerT natluS adapek idbagnem nagned

akaJ alup igaL .anaggnerT natluS adnahaya ,hataP natluS hatnirep sata itam rikgniT

iK aynsawet rotukeske halada suduK nanuS .suduK nanuS adapek urugreb aguj

nanuS aratna alup uti taas adaP .rikgniT akaJ adnahayA ,agnaneK obeK gnegA

suduK nanuS .ini taas adap aynnalaj norknis kadit kapmat suduK nanuS nad agajilaK

gnuludnem hibel akaJ nagned taked hibel agajilaK nanuS gnades ,gnasgnaneP ayrA

ayrA alebmem suduk nanuS alib rajaw ,naamagaek sketnoK malaD .rikgniT

mahap tukignep halada aid anerak gnasgnaneP ha’amaJ laW hannuS sulhA )ajawsA(

nahatniremep id amales iggnit gnujnujid gnay natluS gnades ,orotniB kameD

mahapreb hibel ayajiwidaH aluwak gnilaggnunaM‘ - ’itsuG helo nakmanatid gnay

gnaregN gnegA iK ,hutuB gnegA iK itrepes ,aynadnamaR naurugrepes araduas

apagnem satnaL .aleS gnegA iK nad ,uriB uynaB tuyuB iK narajagnep kusamret

nuS ?gnasgnaneP ayrA gnabmitek rikgniT akaJ adapek kahipreb hibel agajilaK na

dirum halada aid anerak ,rikgniT akaJ ek taked hibel kadit agajilaK nanuS anamiagaB

P ayrA gnades ,hisanik aynadap urugreb kadit gnasgnane mlh( . 723 - )823 .

na nauretesrep amard rihkA gnasgnaneP ayrA nagned ayajiwidaH natluS arat

:arabmeyas nakadagnem gnajaP natluS akitek bawajret uti asib gnay apais gnaraB“

nad itaP hanaT haidah naktapadnem naka aid akam ,gnasgnaneP ayrA hunubmem

”.koatneM uata marataM m uam nad lisahreb gnay gnaro naD arabmeyas itukigne


67

utiay ,gnajaP natluS ’natuyubeb husum‘ gnasgnaneP ayrA hunubmem tapad atres

.nahanameP gnegA iK artup rasaP gniroL ihebagN nedaR saila ayajiwatuS gnanaD

nakduskamid gnay ayajiwidaH natluS takgna kana aynranebes ayajiwatuS gnanaD

iagabes narajnaL ayajiwatuS gnanaD .nup nagnomom ikilimem muleb natluS anerak

ayrA ipadahgnem ratneg kat ai aggnihes ,tabeh gnay nainarebek ikilimem

gnegA ik ogaj halada ayajiwatuS gnanaD aynhuggnuses ,ini lah malaD .gnasgnaneP

kujaid gnay iwajnaP iK nad nahanameP gnanaD akiteK .ayajiwidaH natluS adapek na

natluS akam ,gnasgnaneP ayrA nagned gnidnat gnarepreb kadneh ayajiwatuS

kabmoT utiay aynnaladna akasup nagned ayntakgna artup ilakabmem ayajiwidaH

ahreb naidumek gnay terelP iaiK gnasgnaneP ayrA nakhalagnem lis h( ml . )823 .

iriG nanuS nalamar ianegnem retnas pukuc gnay rabak ragnedret uti haleteS

aid akam )marataM( koatneM hanaT id asaugnep idajnem gnay apais gnarab awhab

ajar naknurunem naka - halet ayajiwidaH natluS ,lahadaP .awaJ hanat id raseb ajar

awhab ijnajreb naka aid akam ,gnasgnaneP ayrA hunubmem tapad gnay gnaro

.marataM nad itaP hanaT haidah naktapadnem

hanaT haidah irebmem nakijajnem habageg uka apagnem ini anamiagab ...O“ halet itkas lanekret gnay iriG nanuS gnejnaK lahadaP ?maratam uata koatneM

klamarem ajar naknurunem lakab marataM id ajaR idajnem gnay awhab na - uka ay ”,laseynem asarem ayajiwidaH natluS ”!?awaJ hanaT id raseb ajar adapek marataM hanaT haidah naklatabmem kutnu laka iracnem surah

mlh( ”nahanameP gnakaK . )923 .

luduj bus malaD bmeK irahataM nanatlusaK iD ra gnajaP nakrapamem

awitsirep - awitsirep .skamilk orotniB kameD atkhat sirawep iagabes ayajiwidah natluS

gnasgnaneP ayrA irad nagnatnat naktapadnem anaggnerT natluS nakitnaggnem


77

kat ajas utnet ini laH .nepeL adeS naregnaP artup gnapij itapidA helo nakmaidid asib

natluS aynautrem nakitnaggnem kameD athkat sirawep ayajiwidaH natluS

amatu skamilk idajnem nad amatu kilfnok idajnem gnay halini kilfnoK .anaggnerT

rula malad gnasgnaneP sV teberaK , m kilfnok tapadret nupikse - kilfnok .aynnial

lah malaD amatu skamilk nakrabmaggnem gnay awitsirep ijakgnem aynah itilenep ini

.gnasgnaneP nagned teberaK aratna nagnatnetrep utiay ,amatu rula irad

iagabes nakirogetakid nad pakgnelep aynah idajret gnay aynnial licek skamilK

ilk nakatpicnem gnay gnitnep awitsirep awitsirep ,idaJ .rula haubes irad amatu skam -

aynah tamaynilaK utaR irad imaus nad atawarP nanuS nahunubmep awitsirep

.orotniB kameD naasaukeK tuberem kutnu gnasgnaneP ayrA arac haubes nakapurem

lk gnukudnem gnay gnitnep awitsirep nakapurem aynah ini aumes malad amatu skami

rula gnasgnaneP sV teberaK .ini

5.2 pahaT tnemeuoneD naiaseleyneP pahaT uata

kabab ikusamem halet gnay kilfnok napahat nalada naiaseleynep pahaT

kilfnok ,ini pahat malaD .nakrodnekid nagnagetek uata naiaseleynep - gnay kilfnok

k uata nial kilfno - aynatirec uata raulek nalaj irebid )ada akij( nahabmat kilfnok

)051:7002 ,orotnaigruN( irihkaid

gnades ,iwajnaP iK adapek itaP hanaT nakirebmem aynah ayajiwidaH natluS

natluS ,aynkapmaT .haidah helorepmem muleb hisam nahanameP gnegA iK

et ayajiwidaH iK adapek marataM hanaT haidah nakirebmem utkaw rulugnem nasekr

aynurug ucuc hisam halada nahanameP gnegA iK ,lahadaP .nahanameP gnegA


87

gnegA iK tahesanep inkay inatraM uruJ iK naras iulaleM .aleS gnegA iK iridnes

d dirum audek akam iwajneP iK nad nahanameP nanuS nautnab atnimem hurusi

naktagnignem areges ai ,gnajaP ek gnadnatreb agajilaK nanuS akiteK .agajilaK

:aynnagnayasek dirum adapek

gnegA iK ek umijnaj irakgnignem uakgne apagnem ,natluS ,heH“dapek itaP hanaT rajnaggnem hadus natluS haknakuB !?nahanameP iK a

muleb nahanameP iK adapek marataM hanaT haidah apagnem ipatet ,iwajnaP”!?nakireb uak

gnejnaK ”:hiladreb ayajiwidaH natluS ”, agajilaK nanuS aynurug adapeK“ hanaT haidah nakirebmem utkaw duskamreb kadit ayas aynranebes ,nanuS

apek marataM uata koatneM anerak ajas aynaH .nahanameP gnakaK ad ates aratnaleb natuh apureb nad sudnat hisam marataM id hanat naadaek nial gnay hanat itnaggnem duskamreb ayas akam ,tikides hisam aynkududnep

”,aynkududnep kaynab nad iamar ,ujam hadus gnay atluS adnanA ,utigeb akiJ“ ,babeS !?gnohobmep ajaR iagabes nakatakid asib n

hadus gnay ijnaj irakgnignem halet natluS rahdewak naaraduasrep halagaJ . halnakireb gnarakes ,haN .aynirah itikasret gnay ada iapmas nagnaj nailak

jilaK nanuS sadnat ”,nahanameP gnegA iK adapek marataM hanaT .aga

raneb aynitaH .maidret hisam ayajiwidaH natluS - ai anerak hadnug raneb

itregn paggnaid gnay iriG nanuS nalamar iayacrepmem selgnA haraniw egnurudas

nanuS adapek rujuj araces gnaret suretreb ayajiwidaH natluS ,aynrihkA .aynitah

,agajilaK

K nupma nohoM” nakhareynem ayas itah natarebek aynranebes ,nanuS gnejna ayas anerak nahanameP gnakaK adapek )marataM( koatneM hanaT naka kalek marataM asaugnep awhab iriG nanuS nalamar ragnednem

ajar naknurunem - ”.awaJ hanaT id raseb ajar licek muynesret agajilak nanuS

J“ atak ”,ajas gnapmag ini lah ,samec natluS itah taubmem gnay uti lah aki.agajilaK nanuS

”?nanuS gnejnaK duskaM“ umadapek aites ijnajreb ayapus nahanameP umaraduas adapek halatniM“ ”,gnajaP gnareynem naka kadit nad umadapek aites ulales naka aid awhab

anuS halijnajreb gnarakes nahanameP ,han ”,hagnenep idajnem agajilaK n”.nakiskaynem gnay uka gnades ,natluS adapek


97

ayas ,natluS adniD nad nanuS gnejnaK ”:ijnajreb areges nup nahanameP iK“s akiJ .gnajaP nanatlusaK nakulkanam tuberem tainreb naka kadit ijnajreb aya

”.tamales kadit ayas agomes nakukal

ihunemem ayajiwidaH natluS aymrihka itah tareb nagned aynnaatayneK

natluS gnaroes iagabes ayajiwidaH natluS isneukesnok nakapurem uti laH .aynijnaj

napakgnu ihunemem surah gnay raseb ad nasipes utar atihdnap adbaS’ anek nat id

alow - ’ilaw )marataM( koateM hanaT haidah naktapadnem aynrihka nahanameP iK .

tabmal marataM id naasaukek rasad katelep halaiD .aynhaub kana utnabid nagned

kupmat haletes amaturet ,tasep gnabmekreb nad ujam nikames marataM ,nual

ataM nanipmimepek ralegreb gnay ayajiwatuS gnanaD helo nipmipid mar

agalagN gni itapaneS nahabmenaP ujalem gnay nagnabmekrep nagned gniries naD .

nagned lanekid aynrihka marataM ,tasep hapir hameh ,ajrahar rut atrak mertnet atat‘

’iwanij hol esgnel ayajiwidaH natluS haleteS . nup naasaukek akam ,nobarpek r

sila ayajiwatuS gnanaD nanipmepek hawab id marataM ek gnajaP irad resegreb

.agalagN gnI itaponeS nahabmenaP akam ,iriG nanuS iskiderp nagned iauseS

agalagN gnI itaponeS nahabmenaP ajar naknurunem gnamem - hanat id raseb ajar

aJ melaD naynepaS ralegreb gnay gnugA natluS halada lanekret gnay utas halas ,aw

gnakgnI P natluS gnejnaK nuwuniS marataM gnI amusukarkaynaH ubar mlh( . 923 -

)233 .

natluS nagnanemek nalupmisek idajnem ini napahat malad ada gnay awitsireP

neP ayrA sata ayajiwidaH gnajaP nanatlusaK ayniridreb atres gnapiJ itapidA gnasgna

awhab salikes nakatireciD .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK atkhat sirawep iagabes


08

nanuS nalamar nagned iauses marataM naajareK nakitnagid naka gnajaP naajarek

ajaR nakrihalem naka marataM atres iriG - d ajar .awaJ hanat i

6.2 namukgnaR

gnasgnanep sV teberaK levon rula padahret maladnem gnay namahameP

laicos sketnok malad uti levon imahamem kutnu katlum tarays nakapurem -

.aynsirotsih irebmem rula sisilana adap naksusuhkid gnay sket rutkurts sisilanA

lupmisek levon malad rula akij na gnasgnaneP sv teberaK .raenil rula halada

awitsireP - gnay awitsirep aggnihes surul nalajreb levon malad idajret gnay awitsirep

naajarek ,atirec nalaj irad tahil atik tapad uti laH .naturureb levon maladid idajret

ubarP are tihapajaM ajaR anadrawardnairiG ubarP helO nakitnagid hutnur ayajiwarB

ubarP .V ayajiwarB ubarP are tihapajaM nakhutajnem halet gnay irideK

ralegreb gnay tihapajaM ajaR idajnem irid takgnagnem halam anahdrawardnairiG

yniridreb nagned naktujnaliD .IV ayajiwarB ubarP orotniB kameD nanatlusaK a

are tihapajaM naajareK nagned hisilesreb gnay hataP nedaR utiay aynnatlus nagned

irad kameD naasaukeK natuberep tulemek ulaL .anahdrawardnairiG ubarP

ayniridreb atres anaggnerT natluS aynlaggninem iapmas sunU itaP aynlaggninem

eK natluS ralegreb gnay teberaK saM amanreb gnay aynajar nagned gnajaP naajar

nagned marataM naajareK ayniridreb gnatnet tikides nakatirecnem nad ayajiwidaH

.itaponeS nahabmenaP aynajar

malad naisautiyneP napahat halada levon malad rula ianegnem ispirksiD

on lev gnasgnaneP sV teberaK ubarP helo V ayajiwarB ubarP aynhutaj nagned utiay


18

ajar idajnem aynirid naktabonem naidumek iridek ajaR anahdrawardnairiG

ayniridreb naisaralkednep nagned utiay kilfnok nalucnumep pahaT .tihapajaM

jaR nagned orotniB kameD naajareK nawed helo gnukudid gnay hataP nedaR ayna

.agnaS ilaW

saM ianegnem nakatirecid ialum ini pahat malad kilfnok natakgninep napahaT

natluS naidumek sunU itaP ek hilareb halet kameD nanipmimepek atres teberaK

et aguj tihapajaM nanipmimepek nakgnades anaggnerT ubarP irad itnagreb hal

rikgniT akaJ naidumeK .ayajiwanaR hayD ubarP aynkana ek anahdrawardnairiG

saM saila minem ialum asawed ialum teberaK atres naitkasek umli nad amaga umli ab

ajaR idajnem ai iapmas anaggnerT natluS are orotniB kameD notareK ek idbagnem

.gnajaP

tapadnem ialum gnajaP ajar idajnem aid taas utiay ini levon skamilK

nad atawarP nanuS hunubmem aynmulebes gnay gnasgnaneP ayrA irad nagnatnat

saM saila rikgniT akaJ aratna nauretesrep idajret naidumeK .tamayN ilaK naregnaP

neP ayrA nagned teberak nairebmeP .gnasgnaneP ayrA naitamek nagned gnasgna

nad maratam hanaT apureb iwajneP iK nad nahanameP edeG iK adapek haidah

p idajnem marataM ayniridreb atres itaP hanaT rula napahat malad naiaseleyne

K nasgnaneP sV tebera .

.


28

BAB III

NAGNIDNABREP ISAUTIS LAISOS - AJAREK KITILOP NAD KAMED NA

GNAJAP NAGNED HARAJES ISREV LAISOS ISAUTIS - MALAD KITILOP

LEVON GNASGNANEP SV TEBERAK

nasahabmeP artsas igoloisos sisilana nagned ini levon malad naktiakid naka

nagned laisos isautis - kitilop em kameD .uti asam adap kameD nakapur malsI naajareK

T id amatrep alkedid gnay awaJ hana nagned )M 1841 akaS( 3041 nuhat adap nakisar

S I rabkA malA hayS natluS gnejnaK ralegreb gnay aynnatlu hataP nedaR( kameD .)

ays naparenep nakukalrebmem gnay naajarek nakapurem aynhayaliw id malsI tair

W atres la S i malad iggnitret isamitigel ikilimem gnay naamagaek nawed iagabes ogno

.naamagaek nasuru

t ini laH S aynkusam irad tahilre nahatniremep tahisanep iagabes agajilaK nanu

tlusaK kitilop nad duK nanuS nad orotniB kameD nana narep amilgnap iagabes su g

kameD nanatlusaK P .orotniB tapad ini bab malad nasahabme narabmag nakirebmem

,levon malad ada gnay sket nagned harajes turunem gnay sket nagnidnabrep s aggnihe

uskam imahamem hibel acabmep d ilenep irad isi nad B .silunep nakukalid gnay nait ba

ksalejnem ini aynada na isautis laisos - lad idajret gnay kitilop nad kameD naajareK ma

S .gnajaP naajareK iuhatek atik itrepe takaraysam malad id idajret gnay isautis

gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK nem hisam naajareK irad nahilarep imalag

gnay takaraysam nagned karocreb H udni nad K M .malsI hara ek newaje kutnu aka


38

laisos isautis nad naadaek iuhategnem - idajret gnay kitilop ilawaid ini naaitilenep ,

narapap nagned lakab lakic naajarek .orotniB kameD

1.3 laisoS isautiS - gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK kitiloP isreV

harajeS

1.1.3 kameD naajareK kitiloP isautiS narabmaG

nakapurem kameD naajareK K .awaJ ualuP id amatrep malsI naajare

ebeS K aynmul em kameD naajare irad lazav naitapidaek nakapur K naajare

aggnih 0051 nuhat adap hataP nedaR helo nakiridid ini naajareK .tihapajaM

hat u 0551 n K nawasgnab halada hataP nedaR . halet gnay tihapajaM naajare

id patenem imser araces gnay ayajiwarB ubarP irad nahukugnep naktapadnem

kameD :anajluM( )5002 A iagabes tabajnem hataP nedaR . d netapidaK itapi

a ,aratniB haread nautnab sat - gnay nial haread uluhad hibel hadus tunagnem

I nagned malsI naajareK nakiridnem ai ,kiserG nad nabuT ,arapeJ itrepes mals

R .ayntasup iagabes kameD neda P itapida iagabes hata kameD id gnay

malsI amagareb naksutumem tihapajaM nagned nataki anerak idus kat ai

adapek idbagnem atres udniH amagareb hisam gnay rifak ajar isidnok

y tihapajaM naajareK hamel isidnok malad gnamem gna . nakatakid asiB

aggnih isasimalsI sesorp utaus nakapurem kameD naajareK aynlucnum

cnem apa :5002 ,anajluM temalS( .kitilop naasaukek kutneb i )19

K iagabeS I naajare P id amatrep mals awaJ ualu gnay naajareK nad

agnem halet ,tihapajaM naajareK nakhal yaL oojN takgnagnem hataP nedaR


48

nanatlusaK nahawab aragen nakapurem gnay tihapajaM asaugnep iagabes aW

miJ ,oojN asaugep padahret nahunubmep haletes naidumeK .kameD nub

hayD amanreb ,imuhbatreK ajaR utnanem urab asaugnep takgnagnem

hulup tapme amaleS .anahdrawardnairiG akesihbA aman nagned ayajiwanaR

nagnubuh nakadagnem anahdrawardnairiG aynnanipmimepek asam nuhat

natluS husum nakapurem gnay ,akalaM id sigutroP nagned malad kameD

naasaukek natuberep nad gnagad nagniasrep , audek kutnu tihapajaM akam

uti nuhat adaP .anaggnerT natluS artup oB A hoT aratnet helo ubresid aynilak

adapek kudnut nages anahdrawardnairiG artup ,tafaw anahdrawardnairiG alup

nages nad kameD natluS ,nakuranaP ek iral akereM .malsI amaga kulemem

temalS( kameD iasaukid hanrep kadit imser araces nakuranaP anerak

92 :5002 ,anajluM - )03

adap isasimalsI sesorp malad raseb narepreb tagnas kameD naajareK

ep tasup iagabes gnabmekreb kameD naajareK .uti asam nad nagnagadr

itupilem kameD naasaukek hayaliW .malsI amaga narabeynep tasup iagabes

uyadeS ,nabuT ,arapeJ , id haread aparebeb nad ibmaJ ,gnabmelaP

nahubalep ikilimem aguj kameD naajareK ,uti gnipmas iD .natnamilaK -

itrepes gnitnep nahubalep ,nabuT ,arapeJ ,uyadeS gnay kiserG nad

.)gnubuhgnep( otisnart nahubalep idajnem gnabmekreb

areges nad gnajnap rumureb kadit kameD naajareK ,ayngnayas numaN

tabarek aratna id naasaukek natuberep idajret anerak narudnumek imalagnem

at adap awhab nakitsapid asiB .naajarek .rihkareb kameD naajareK ,6451 nuh


58

gnajaP nanatluseK ek hilareb kameD nanatluseK naasaukek ,8651 nuhat adaP

naajareK awhab naklupmisid tapad inis iraD .rikgniT akaJ helo nakiridid gnay

amatrep ajar nagned ,kameD naajareK irad natujnal nakapurem gnajaP

akes rikgniT akaJ halada gnajaP naajareK irad iridnep sugil .

ajar halisliS - :kameD ajar

.1 0051( hataP nedaR - )8151

p halada hataP nedaR K irad amatrep natlus nad iridne naajare

remem gnay kameD 0051 nuhat hatni - ,anajluM( 8151 5002 .)73 : dabaB

iwaJ hanaT , ahdnaK tareS , nad aohgnoiT kinorK oP maS gnetnelK irad

helo nakpakgnuid halet gnay itrepes atirec naamasrep iklimem gnoK

naV nekaZ ehcsdnalnI rooV ruesivdA gnitcA gnaroes namtroP nediseR

nasurU nahisaneP tabajeP inkay ,aivataB id ruutseB hcsdnalnenniB teH

nahatniremeP .8291 nuhat adap atrakaJ id iregeN malaD hataP nedaR

lada P artup ha ajiwarB ubar P nakatireciD .rihkaret ajar ay ayajiwarB ubar

timsaS gnadnE iN nagned niwak niales irtup nagned niwak aguj ,arupa

C irtup nad aniC gnay irusiamrep gnas itawarawD utaR aneraK .apma

areb P ,urubmec asarem apmaC irad las askapret ayajiwarB ubar

itapub ramaD ayrA utiay ,ayngnulus artup adapek aniC irtup nakirebmem

aniC irtup uti haletes ,hataP nedaR nakrihalem haleteS .gnabmelaP

yrA ihakinid gnaroes nakrihalem nad ,ramaD a ikal kana - ikal irebid gnay

halada nesuK nedaR nad hataP nedaR halnaikimeD .nesuK nedaR aman

maS liuk irad aniC kinork turuneM .kapab nanialreb gnudnakes araduas


68

nuB niJ halada adum hisam hataP nedaR utkaw naliggnap aman ,gnoK oP

P .”tauk gnaro“ aynitra nanuY kelaid malad artu gnuK - at - ub - im saila(

erhB P aguj tubesid uata )imuhbatreK .aniC riles irad V ayajiwarB ubar

92 :5002 ,anajluM temalS( - )03

iwaJ hanaT dabaB nesuK nedaR nad hataP nedaR ,naktubeynem

nakitnaggnem kutnu aynaut gnaro kadnehek iturunem kutnu kalonem

aynhaya ujunem notarek irad solol akereM .gnabmelaP id itapida iagabes

id taradnem audreb akereM .gnagad lapak gnapmunem nagned awaJ

rtnas idajnem ulal ,ayabaruS i anajluM( lepmagN nanuS adap , 5002 04: -

14 gnupid naidumek ,atneD lepmagN id laggnit patet hataP nedaR .) tu

,naupmerep ucuc nagned nakniwakid ,lepmagN nanuS utnanem iagabes

edaR .akolaW edeG iayN gnulus kana adap idbagnem naidumek nesuK n

P itapida idajnem takgnaid nesuK nedaR .tihapajaM id ayajiwarB ubar

id ,hagneT awaJ ek hadnip hataP nedaR nakgnades ,gnureT ai utis

hagalG natuh akubmem w haubes idajnem aratniB natuh uata igna

nakrajagnem nad aratniB id amalu idajnem hataP nedaR nad nertnasep

nertnaseP amal nikaM .aynratikes kududnep adapek malsI amaga

awahk tihapajaM id ayajiwarB ubarP .ujam nikames ignawhagalG rit

uti alak gnay nesuK nedaR .katnorebmem tainreb hataP nedaR ualak

liggnamem kutnu hatnirepid gnureT itapidA idajnem takgnaid hadus

.tihapajaM ek hataP nedaR nakpadahgnem nesuK nedaR .hataP nedaR

nedaR iukagnem uam aynrihka nad nasekret asarem ayajiwarB hataP


78

nakgnades ,itapub iagabes takgnaid nup hataP nedaR .aynartup iagabes

amanreb atok ubi nagned ,kameD idajnem aman itnagid ignawhagalG

.aratniB

irad hadnip hataP nedaR saila nuB niJ ,aniC kinork turuneM

lkanem ai naidumeK .5741 nuhat kameD ek ayabaruS gnarameS nakku

taubmem uti laH .kameD nahawab iagabes 7741 nuhat gnuK - at - ub - im id

nakujub takreb ,numaN .haser tihapajaM ooH iwS gnoB nanuS saila(

gnuK ,)lepmA - at - ub - nad ,kana iagabes nuB niJ iukagnem aidesreb im

id itapub iagabes aynnakududek nakimserem B gni - ot - ol ( aratniB uata

,anajluM 5002 29 : .)

,hataP nedaR nanipmimepek hawab id ,takgnis gnay utkaw malaD

hibel - ak helo hibel P nagnat ek akalaM aynhutaj aner nuhat malad sigutro

nahatniremep asam malaD .aynnaayajek kacnup iapacnem kameD ,1151

D ,hataP nedaR id ,gnadib iagabreb malad lisahreb kame halada aynaratna

nanahatrep nad nasaulrep I nagnabmegnep ,naajarek nad mals

aratna amas ajrek nad harawaysum naparenep atres ,aynnalamagnep

.)asaugnep( aramu nad amalu

.2 8151( sunU itapidA - )1251

nedaR 8151 nuhat adaP nakitnagid naidumek tafaw hataP

gnarep amilgnap iagabes lanekret sunU itaP .sunU itaP utiay aynartup

nipmimem hanrep nad inareb hagag gnay sigutroP padahret nanawalrep

id naktapadnem ai haluti aynnainarebek aneraK .akalaM nakuluj


88

gnarbaS naregnaP L ( ro keoS aynukub malad seriP emoT .)3791 :onom

latneirO amuS lasa nakatirecnem - .sunU etaP namalagnep nad lusu

.ayaD taraB natnamilaK irad lasareb sunU etaP kenen awhab nakatakiD

iraD .uyaleM atinaw nagned niwak nad akalaM ek uatnarem aI

P haya rihal uti naniwakrep ilabmek naidumek sunU etaP haya ,sunU eta

idajnem nad awaJ ek ,anajluM( arapeJ id asaugnep 5002 311 : haleteS .)

ay hataP nedaR helo utnam libmaid uaileb asawed natluS idajnem halet gn

.kameD imser sunU itapidA ,hataP nedaR irtup nagned nahakinreP iraD

kgnaid uaileb narihalek tapmet( arapeJ hayaliw itapidA idajnem ta

lanekid ulud hibel )sunuY nedaR( uaileb adnahaya aneraK .)iridnes

es hibel hibel ridaQ ludbA nedaR akam ,takaraysam liggnapid gnir

B itapidA iagabes kaynab irah naidumeK .)sunuY artup uata( sunuY ni

.sunU itaP hadum hibel gnay nagned uaileb liggnamem gnaro

2151 nuhaT uti nagnares numan ,akalaM gnareynem sunU etaP

panegeS .lagag uharep ngnabameR nad gnarameS irad nagnabmus

gnareynem takgnareb gnay gnuj sutares iraD .uti nagnares malad hansum

ah ,akalaM sunU etaP .ilabmek gnalup gnay gnuj 8 uata 7 ayn

asalab nagnares nakparahgnem n gnaro kahip irad - numan ,sigutrop gnaro

nagnubuh uti nagnares aneraK .gnatad gnujnuk kat nasalab nagnares

reaffuoR P.G turuneM .kurubmem awaJ nad akalaM aratna gnagad

at tubeynem asaukreb sunU etaP nakakumegnem saget nagned 8151 nuh

sunU itaP ,1251 nuhat adaP .1251 nuhat iapmas kameD id hunep


98

urap kakgneb tikas anerak laggninem - isakifitnediid sunU itaP .urap

411 :5002 ,anajluM temalS( roL gnarbaS naregnaP nagned - .)511

.3 gnerT natluS 1251( onog - )6451

uaileb ,agitek gnay kameD natluS halada onoggnerT natluS

1251 nuhat irad kameD hatniremem - halada onoggnerT natluS .M 6451

utaR irusiamrep irad rihal gnay kameD iridnep hataP nedaR artup

kiysA ,anajluM( lepmA nanuS irtup ha 5002 901 : neM .) turu amuS

,latneirO gnudnak kida nakapurem aI .3841 nuhat ratikes nakrihalid ai

.)adnaK tareS isrev( aynmulebes kameD ajar ,roL gnarbaS naregnaP

aynaratnaiD .irtup nad artup gnaro aparebeb ikilimem onoggnerT natluS

otowarP nanuS halai lanekret gnilap gnay ajar idajnem gnay

saM utaR ,arapeJ itapub idajnem gnay tamaynilaK utaR ,aynitnaggnep

rumiT naregnaP nad ,ayajiwidaH natluS irtsi idajnem gnay akapmeC

aggnaR raleg nagned nuidaM hayaliw id itapida iagabes asaukreb gnay

.anemuJ

tafaw onoggnerT natluS atireB gnaroes natatac malad nakumetid

natluS 6451 nuhat adaP .otniP zedneM zednanreF amanreb sigutroP

iasaukid uti taas gnay odnobutiS ,nakuranaP gnareynem onoggnerT

nakmirignem nagned utnabmem itaJ gnunuG nanuS .nagnabmalB

nad ,netnaB ,noberiC tirujarp nagnubag gnaro 000.7 kaynabes atrakayaJ

taas aynnamet gnaro 04 amasreb otniP zedneM .hallihataF nipmipid gnay


09

gnupegnem hadus kameD nakusaP .netnaB nakusap malad atres tuki uti

.uti atok tuberem tapad aguj muleb ipat ,nalub agit amales nakuranaP

b anaggnerT natluS awaJ nad rumiT awaJ id malsI narabeynep sata asajre

haread iasaugnem ialum kameD ,anaggnerT natluS hawab iD .hagneT -

atres narajajaP irad apaleK adnuS tuberem itrepes aynnial awaJ haread

nabuT ,)7251( anas id taradnem naka gnay sigutroP aratnet ualahgnem

1( ,)7251( naurusaP nad ayabaruS ,)9251( nuidaM ,)725 ,)5451( gnalaM

K ,nagnabmalB nad naajare P rumit gnuju id rihkaret udniH awaJ ualu

7251( kameD gnarep amilgnaP .)6451 , ,hallihataF halada uti utkaw

luS utnanem idajnem aguj gnay ,)aretamuS( iasaP lasa adumep nat

haubes malad 6451 nuhat adap laggninem anaggnerT natluS .anaggnerT

helo nakitnagid naidumek nad ,naurusaP nakkulkanem narupmetrep

otowarP nanuS .)74 :5891 ,duaegiP n faarG( atireb skeT - sigutroP atireb

isidepske malad rugug anaggnerT natluS nakrabagnem id ,nakuranap ek

gnay nahubalep atok nakgnubaggnem kutnu aynahasU .awaJ rumiT gnuju

turuneM .lagag ataynret nasarekek nagned aynhayaliw ek uti ”rifak“

aynukub nusuynem kutnu nahab naklupmugnem akitek seriP naarikrep

latneirO amuS ab ulalret tubesret ajar , nagned aynirid nakkubiynem kayn

ayofreb ,hawem pudih aI .nertupek id natamkinek - nakiabagnem nad ayof

)64 :5891 ,duaegiP n faarG( naaragenek nasuru

.4 6451( atawarP nanuS – )9451


19

halada )nimkuM nedaR( aynrihal aman halada atawarP nanuS

nanatluseK tapmeek ajar 6451 nuhat hatniremem gnay ,kameD - aI .9451

adaP .kitilop ilha adapirad amaga ilha gnaroes iagabes gnurednec hibel

,noberiC ,netnaB itrepes kameD nahawab haread ,aynnaasaukek asam

.aynignalahid upmam apnat sabeb gnabmekreb ,kiserG nad ,ayabaruS

baB turuneM itapub nahurus gnaro helo hunubid sawet ai ,iwaJ hanaT da

haleteS .iridnes aynupupes halada nial kat gnay ,gnasgnaneP ayrA gnapiJ

,gnajaP ek nahatniremep tasup nakhadnimem ayajiwidaH ,aynnaitamek

.rihkareb nup kameD nanatluseK nad

ggnerT natluS laggninepeS nanatluseK hatniremem gnay ana

1251 nuhat kameD - .athat kian autret artup ukales nimkuM nedaR ,6451

.awaJ ualuP nakkulkanem aynhaya ahasu naktujnalem kutnu isibmareb aI

akus hibel ai nad ,kiab utigeb kadit aynkitilopreb nalipmaretek ,numaN

alu iagabes pudih nakhadnimem nimkuM nedaR .ajar iagabes adapirad am

aynisakoL .otowarP tikub ujunem orotniB atok irad nahatniremep tasup

arik ini taas - netapubaK ,olilokuS natamaceK ,otowarP ased halada arik

gned lanekret nup nimkuM nedaR ,uti anerak helO .hagneT awaJ ,itaP na

.otowarP nanuS natubes

gnaroes natatac malad tapadret aguj otowarP nanuS nahatniremeP

haggnis otniP leunaM ,8451 nuhat adaP .otniP leunaM amanreb sigutroP

etneciV rotsaP gnuga puksu kutnu tarus ratnagnem gnalupes awaJ ek

eb tapmes aI .rassakaM id sageiV ragnednem nad otowarP nanuS umetr


29

awaJ hurules nakmalsignem kutnu aynanacner asaukreb nigni atres ,

S itrepes ek sareb rulaj putunem tainreb aguj otowarP nanuS .ikruT natlu

lisahreb uti anacner ,ipatet nakA .rassakaM nakkulkanem nad akalaM

ub helo naklatabid .otniP leunaM nakuj

atiC - hanrep kadit aynnaataynek adap otowarP nanuS atic

naknahatrepmem adap irad amaga ilha iagabes kubis hibel aI .anaskalret

,noberiC ,netnaB itrepes ,nahawab haread utas rep utaS .aynnaasaukek

s ;sabeb gnabmekreb ,kiserG nad ,ayabaruS dit kameD nakgnade ka

rotkaF .aynignalahgnem upmam –f naajareK nahutnureK babeyneP rotka

kameD

id naasaukek natuberep idajret ,onoggnerT natluS haleteS

otowarP nanuS nad nepeL gni adeS naregnaP aratna ,kameD naajareK

S rakeS naregnaP .)anaggnerT natluS artup( aynsurahes gnay nepeL ode

nagned otowarP nanuS helo hunubid onoggnerT natluS nakitnaggnem

nepeL odeS naregnaP artuP .naajarek athat isirawem tapad ai naparah

naitamek salab tutnunem gnapiJ irad gnasgnaneP ayrA amanreb gnay

arP nanuS hunubmem nagnad aynhaya ayrA ,otowarP nanuS nialeS .otow

gnasgnaneP ( iridaH naregnaP hunubmem aguj ,tamaynilaK utaR imaus

gnalahgnep iagabes paggnaid iridaH naregnaP .)otowarP nanuS kida ayrA

S idajnem kutnu gnasgnaneP hunubmem lisahreb haleteS .kameD natlu

rebeb nad otowarP nanuS gnasgnaneP ayrA aynkiaN .ayngnukudnep apa

okoJ uata oyojiwidA naregnaP helo ignanesid kadit naajarek athat ek


39

naneP ayrA .onoggnerT natluS utnanem , rikgniT nakhalakid tapad gnasg

akaJ helo nimem ayntujnales gnay rikgniT ek naajarek tasup nakhad

aarG( gnajaP 98 :5891 ,duaegiP n f - .)19

aruk hataP nedaR ,uti nialeS gnaro itapmis kiranem iadnap gn -

aguj hataP nedaR .tihapajaM naajareK taykar sakeb ,namaladep gnaro

aohgnoiT takaraysam adapek aynnaataukek nakradnaynem kaynab ulalret

u sarek nanigniekreb uaileB .malsI malsI aragen kutnebmem kutn

kutnu nakharucid hibel aynnaitahrep ,naktabikagnem aggniheS .mitiraM

lapak nataubmep - atok id lapak - nakutnebmep imed nahubalep atok

b naikimed nagneD .tauk gnay adamra naasaukek halrihkare K naajare

D anajluM( .8651 nuhat adap kame , 5002 142 : ).

2.1.3 gnajaP naajareK kitiloP isautiS narabmaG

gnegA iK artup ,tèbèraK saM halada aynilsa aman rikgniT akaJ

gnades aynhaya ,nakrihalid ai akiteK .agnaneK obeK iK uata gniggneP

.rikgniT gnegA iK gnalad nagned rebeb gnayaw nakujnutrep raleggnem

,gnaladnem irad gnalupeS .raneJ itiS hkeyS dirum halada ini gnega ik audeK

.ainud laggninem nad tikas hutaj rikgniT gnegA iK ,naidumek nuhat hulupeS

hudutid anerak itam mukuhid gniggneP gnegA iK padahret katnorebmem

Ka kuh anaskalep iagabeS .kameD nanatlus haleteS .suduK nanuS halai namu

.alup laggninem nad tikas hutaj gniggneP gnegA iayN ,aynimaus naitamek

rikgniT gnegA iayN takgna kana iagabes libmaid teberaK saM ,uti kajeS


49

rameg gnay adumep idajnem hubmut teberaK saM .)rikgniT gnegA iK adnaj(

nad ,apatreb .agajilaK nanuS halada aynamatrep uruG .rikgniT akaJ ikulujid

ucuc agitek nagned nakaraduasrepid nad ,aleS gnegA iK adap urugreb aguj aI

iwajnaP iK nad ,nahanameP gnegA iK ,inatraM uruJ iK ,utiay gnegA iK .

)542 :5002 ,anajluM temalS(

aukek rihka asam adaP natuberep idajret orotniB kameD naas

aggnihes orotniB kameD nanatlusaK athat naktuberepmem kutnu naasaukek

hret nahunubmep nakukalem gnasgnaneP ayrA atres atawarP nanuS pada

imauS R kutnu ai ignalahgnem naka paggnaid anerak tamaynilaK uta

saK athat iasaugnem 099 :5891 ,duaegiP n faarG( orotniB kameD nanatlu - .)19

,uti utkaw adaP .kameD ek aynaratnet nakkareggnem gnasgnaneP ayrA

naualupek id karegreb hisam kameD adamrA .gnosok gnades kameD

atok hurules ,kameD atok gnareynem gnasgnaneP ayrA .rumiT aisenodnI

kameD kameD aratneT .tamales patet gnay gnugA dijsaM aynah rakabid

aratneT .gnapiJ aratnet narajek malad gnarameS iapmas rudnum kasedret

lisahreb lapak nagnalag ipatet lapak nagnalag iapmas rikgniynem kameD

kusamret gnarameS atoK .urujnep iagabreb irad gnupekid ,aynlapak nagnalag

muleb gnasgnaneP ayrA ,atawarP nanuS aynsawet nagneD .naksugnahimubid

akaJ utiay gnalahgnep ada hisam anerak kameD natluS idajnem lisahreb

442 :5002 ,anajluM temalS( .anaggnerT natluS utnanem rikgniT - )542

natluS nagned gnajaP nanatlusaK aynnatluS iagabes ayajiwidaH

gnay gnasgnaneP ayrA utiay gnapiJ itapidA irad tareb nagnatnat tapadnem


59

aggniheS .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK athat tapadnem satnap hibel asarem

.ayajiwidaH natluS nagned gnasgnaneP ayrA ratna nauretesrep idajret

natluS naidumeK gnay ajas apais igab arabmeyas nakadagnem ayajiwidaH

hanaT nakhaidahid naka akam gnasgnaneP ayrA nakasanibmem tapad

ipuggnaynem nahanameP gnegA iK nad iwajneP iK .itaP hanaT nad marataM

iayK kabmoT nagned ayajiwatuS gnanaD nakladnagnem nagned arabmeyas

elP raga nad adum hisam gnalibret ayajiwatuS gnanaD anerak ipatet ,aynter

akerem akam nakijnajid gnay haidah nakirebmem patet ayajiwidah natluS

.nahanameP gnegA iK nad iwajneP iK aman nakamansatagnem patet

utnu aggnihes anugardnam itkas gnamem gnasgnaneP ayrA k

aynnakhalagnem , iracnem surah iwajneP iK nad nahanameP gnegA iK

kutnu igetarts nakanuggnem atres gnasgnaneP ayrA nahamelek isamrofni

kutnu aynisome gnicnap id gnasgnaneP ayrA .aynnakasanibmem

ignarebeynem alibapa ”nonok‘ oloS nawagneB iagnus ignarebeynem nagnus

nakbabeynem uti laH .gnalih naka gnaroeses naitkasek akam olos nawagneb

helo nakasanibid tapad ai aggnihes gnasgnaneP ayrA naitkasek ayngnarukreb

.ayajiwatuS gnanaD nedaR

ajar halisliS - : gnajaP ajar

.1 )rikgniT akaJ( ayajiW idA

mem ayajiwidA namaz iD 8751 nuhat adap utiay ,gnajaP hatnire

kadnitid amatuagraW amanreb gnay ,abasariW nipmimep hokot gnaroes

nakusap helo - samuynaB dabaB irad atireB .tasup irad naajarek nakusap


69

nahatniremep rihka gnalejnem gnajaP ayntauk hisam nakkujnunem ini

saukeK .ayajiwidA nad nuidaM hayaliw itupilem rumiT ek gnajaP naa

gnajaP aratna natuber idajnem 4551 nuhat adap arolB awhab naktubesid

.marataM nad

agud adA I ajaR iagabes ayajiwidA awhab na malad lisahreb mals

ajar helo iukaid ai ,1851 nuhat adap aggnihes aynisamolpid - ajar licek

hanrep aynnaimserep kutnU .rumiT awaJ risiseP nasawakid gnitnep gnay

ridah ,iriG id neparP nanuS anatsi id amasreb naumetrep nakaraggnelesid

,)gnugaajaM( abasariW ,gnapiJ irad itapuB arap uti natapmesek adap

,mesaL ,uyadeS ,nuidaM ,naurusaP ,irideK T taP nad ,nabu aracibmeP .i

okot ilikawem gnay h- ,amarK ayriW ijnaP halada rumiT awaJ hokot

)taraB arudaM( ayabsorA awhab alup naktubesiD .ayabaruS itapuB

agnubuhes ayajiwidA iukagnem n amanreb aynitapub uti nagned

ajaR utnanem takgnaid ruwuD hameL nahabmenaP .gnajaP

adapek hataP nedaR itsanid irad kitilop naasaukek nahilareP

irad ,malsI amaga narila nahaburep itukiid ayajiwidaH natluS bahzdam

idajnem ifanaH ha’iyS malad nakataynid uti amaga narila nahabureP .

atireb aohgnoiT ajnimem nagned gnalaT gnetnelk irad naatakrep m

nakiridnem naidumek gnay ,kameD aratnet amilgnap sakeb ,halihataF

awecek tagnas kameD aratnet amilgnaP “ utiay noberiC nanatlusaK

nahunubmep ragnednem - nuB niJ nanurutek arap nagnalakid nahunubmep

jaP natluS adapek kudnut uam kadit aid ,kameD id id anerak ,gna


79

malsI amaga gnajaP nanatlusaK ha’iyS bahzdam ”huragnepreb tagnas

nedaR nahatniremep asam adap lahadaP .)742 :5002 ,anajluM temalS(

gnaro nagnalakid narasap helorepmem kadit ha’iyS narila ,hataP - gnaro

aja iagabes paggnaid ha’iyS narila ,malsI :5002 ,anajluM temalS( tases nar

)842

iebagN nedaR akam nahanameP gnegA iK naitamek haleteS

naitamek nakropalem kutnu ayajiwidaH natluS padahgnem rasaP gniroL

aggnihes ayajiwidah natluS helo amiretid halet tubesret naropal ,aynhaya

aP gniroL ihebagN nedaR idajnem aynhaya itnaggnep iagabes kujnutid ras

,gnajaP irad gnalupeS .edeG atoK id nakududekreb marataM iggnitep

gnaro nakahatniremem ihebagN - nakiridnem kutnu marataM gnaro

nagnubuH .igal gnajaP natluS padahgnem kadit ialum ai atres gnetneb

M nagned gnajaP natluS ,2851 nuhat adap ,gnaget idajnem marata

anerak lagag uti duskam ipatet marataM ubreynem duskamreb ayajiwidah

aratnet alaB .tikas hutaj ayajiwidaH natluS ,marataM ek nanalajrep malad

gnajaP natluS uti haletes amal kaT .nanabmarP id itnehret gnajaP

aM )862 :5002 ,anajluM temalS( takgn

.2 irignaP ayrA

,kameD tapmeek ajar otowarP nanuS artup halada irignaP ayrA

husaid naidumek aI .9451 nuhat gnasgnaneP ayrA hunubid sawet gnay

.arapeJ id tamaynilaK utaR utiay ,aynibib naidumek gnasgnaneP ayrA

eyas helo sawet ,uti kajeS .gnajaP itapub ayajiwidaH nakadaid gnay arabm


89

.aynnahawab iagabes kameD anam id taluadreb naajarek idajnem gnajaP

irtup ,nuyabmeP utaR nagned nakhakinid irignaP ayrA ,asawed haleteS

aH natluS autret B iagabes nakidajid nad ayajiwid .kameD itapu

eS hat rihka ayajiwidaH natluS laggninep idajret 2851 nu

at nahalasamrep naregnaP amanreb gnay atokham artuP .gnajaP id ath

.suduK nanuS nagnukud nagned irignaP ayrA nakrikgnisid awaneB

adapirad adum hibel awaneB naregnaP aisu halada suduK nanuS nasalA

aP irtsi y awaneB naregnaP .ajar idajnem satnap kadit aggnihes ,irign gna

at nakalerem tubmel itahreb nakgnades irignaP ayrA iasaukid gnajaP ath

aidumek iridnes ai ,anajluM temalS( nalonaP gnapiJ itapub idajnem n

.)862 :5002

lawa kajes gnajaP ajar idajnem irignaP ayrA ralegreb 3851 nuhat

kutnu ahasu adap iludep aynah nakhasikid aI .arupitnawagN natluS

.ayntaykar naarethajesek nakatpicnem adapirad marataM nakkulkanem

icnebmem kadit ayapus )ayajiwidaH( aynautrem taisaw raggnalem aiD

akusap kutnebmem nakhab aI .ayajiwatuS gnaro sata iridret gnay n - gnaro

ayrA .marataM ubreynem kutnu rassakaM nad ,siguB ,ilaB irad narayab

aI .gnajaP ilsa kududnep padahret lida kadit ukalreb aguj irignaP

gnaro nakgnatadnem - arap nakududek reseggnem kutnu kameD gnaro

ykar ,nakhaB .gnajaP tabajep nagnatadek helo hisisret aguj gnajaP ta

habureb gnay gnajaP agraw kaynab ,ayntabikA .kameD kududnep


99

igal naigabeS .nairahacnep atam nagnalihek anerak kopmarep idajnem

.awaneB naregnaP adap idbagnem gnapiJ ek hadnip

.3 )ayajiwubarP natluS( owoneB naregnaP

gnaP gnay gnajaP nanatluseK agitek ajar halada awaneB nare

6851 nuhat hatniremem - naregnaP .ayajiwubarP natluS ralegreb ,7851

amatrep ajar ,rikgniT akaJ saila ayajiwidaH natluS artup halada awaneB

na kana ,ayajiwatuS nagned nakaraduasrepid ai licek kajeS .gnajaP takg

.marataM nanatluseK nakiridnem gnay ,aynhaya

gnay itawonaB hayD amanreb irtup ikilimem awaneB naregnaP

ralegreb itawonaB hayD .ayajiwatuS artup gnaloJ saM nagned hakinem

rasebret ajar ,gnugA natluS nakrihalem naidumek gnay ,idA saM utaR

ialeS .marataM amanreb artup ikilimem aguj awaneB naregnaP ,uti n

nad orupidosoY naknurunem kalek gnay ,nidaR naregnaP

aggnajup ,otisrawoggnoR - naregnaP .atrakaruS nananusaK raseb aggnajup

isagutid hanrep aI .itah tubmel gnay gnaroes iagabes nakhasikid awaneB

utnu aynhaya utkaW .gnajaP padahret ayajiwatuS naaitesek ikidileynem k

gnay aynrapi kakak( dalamaP ayrA amasreb takgnareb awaneB uti

umajnem ayajiwatuS .aragenacnaM hitaP nad )nabuT itapida idajnem

amanreb gnay ayajiwatuS gnulus artuP .atsep nagned aynumat agitek

nedaR taubmem ,nabuT tirujarp gnaroes hunubmem ajagnes kadit aggnaR

.gnalup nagnobmor kajagnem dalamaP ayrA


001

2.3 laisoS isautiS - levon malad gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK kitiloP

gnasgnaneP sV teberaK

1.2.3 kitilop nad laisos isautiS kameD naajareK malad levon sV teberaK

gnasgnaneP

N levo gnasgnaneP sV teberaK naajareK aksap nakatirecnem

ubarP helo atedukid naidumek gnay imubatreK erhB are tihapajaM

ubarP are tihapajaM aratna tulemek aynada atres anahdrawardnairiG

kameD nanatlusaK nagned anahdrawardnairiG nedaR aynajar nagned orotniB

igetarts aynada atres hataP - malad naajarek audek helo nakukalid gnay igetarts

haread iasugnem kutnu huragnep natuberep - uti gnipmasiD .aynratikes haread

irad nahilarep asam nakatirecid aguj ini levon malad atirec aumes anatlusaK n

orotniB kameD ujunem ayajiwidaH natluS aynajar nagned gnajaP nanatlusaK

.teberaK saM uata

luduj buS S nagnatnaT kameD natluS gna orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

sata nakisaralkedid gnay awaJ id amatrep malsI nanatlusaK nakapurem

K .agnaS ilaW naweD irad nagnukud nakrabeynem racneg tama ini nanatlusa

agnaS ilaW nagned awaJ id takaraysam adapek malsI amaga gnuju iagabes

,aynkabmot naktabilem orotniB kameD notareK nahatniremep rutkurts malad

nanatlusaK gnareP amilgnaP iagabes suduK nanuS .fitka araces agnaS ilaW

ameD rotniB k sanep iagabes agajilaK nanuS ,o i nahatniremep nad kitilop tah

aynkusam nagned naklupmis atik tapad aggniheS .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

isamitigel gnagemep iagabes agnaS ilaW atres nahatniremep ek agnaS ilaW


101

laisos akam ,naamagaek gnadibid iggnitret -p levon malad idajret gnay kitilo

nad idajret gnay isasimalsi atres amaga rusnu irad nakhasipid tapad kadit ini

amalu halada agnaS ilaW araP .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK helo nakukalid

ra’iys naknalajnem malad raseb tagnas nagnaujrep ikilimem ialinid gnay

awkad hujut ini asam adap asisret gnay gnades ,awaJ hanaT id malsI amaga h

;inkay ,gnaro

.aynratikes nad kiserG haread id hawkadreb iriG nanuS ,amatreP

.aynratikes nad nabuT haread id hawkadreb gnanoB nanuS ,audeK

agnomaL haread id hawkadreb tajarD nanuS ,agiteK .aynratikes nad n

.aynratikes nad suduK haread id hawkadreb suduK nanuS ,tapmeeK

.aynratikes nad kame haread id hawkadreb agajilaK nanuS ,amileK

.aynratikes nad suduK haread id hawkadreb airuM nanuS ,maneeK

iC haread id hawkadreb itaj gnunug nanuS ,hujuteK .aynratikes nad nober

ilaW arap nahuggnusek sata lopmej nakgnucnagnem hataP nedaR

gnisam haread id snetni araces hawkadreb aynayapu malad agnaS - .gnisam

hayimalsI awkad ra’iys ahasu naknakhubmunem aguj akerem ,uti nialeS

mroni nakididnep nakpudihgnem nagned nertnasep id la - nertnasep

nikgnameS .aynmulebes lepmA nanuS helo naksirawid anamiagabes

haread id agnaS ilaW arap helo nakrabetid gnay hayimalsI hawkad aynracneg -

padahret taykar nagnukud nad naitahrep alup raseb nikgnames akam ,haread

tlusaK naisaralkednep nakareg nakukalem nialeS .orotniB kameD nana

aguj agnaS ilaW araP nad hataP nedaR ,hayimalsI hawkadreb inkay larutluk


201

amas ajrek nilajnem irabmes taykar nagnukud iracnem malad sarek ajrekeb

lsI amaga sisabreb gnay gnuggnemuT arap nupuam itapidA arap nagned .ma

aynadnamaR adapek imharuthalisreb agajilaK nanuS nakukalid gnay itrepeS

airuM nanuS nad suduK nanuS ,nabuT id atkitaliW gnuggnemuT

imharuthalisreb tajarD nanuS ,suduK asaugnep adapek imharuthalisreb

aruthalisreb iriG nanuS ,nagnomaL id asaugnep adapek asaugnep adapek imh

nad noberiC asaugnep adapek imharuthalisreb itaj gnunuG nanuS ,kiserG id

.noluK gnujU

libomem ai utiay hataP nedaR helo nakukalid gnay nial laH isasi kana

ajarp akayan sakeb adapek kitilop natakednep nakukalem ayapus aynhaub

ay tihapajaM ubarP naasaukek ayngnabmut haletes itah tikas asarem gn

ubarP nagned gnubagreb naggne gnay akereM .V ayajiwarb

kameD nanatlusaK ubuk nagned gnubagreb tihapajaM id anahdrawardnairiG

nad hataP nedaR nataboneP .hataP nedaR naasaukeK hawab id orotniB

ralkednep gnay nagnatnat ipadahgnem naka orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naisa

,V ayajiwarB ubarP athat surenep iagabes mialkgnem ai igalapa nagnir kadit

: inkay

.1 hataP nedaR aynlah amas ,orotnib kameD nanatlusaK naisaralkedneP

es anahdrawardnairiG ubarP naasaukek gnatnanem tihapajam ajaR iagab

.urab gnay

.2 nanipmimepek surenep iagabes mialkgnem hataP nedaR nainarebeK

athat sirawep helo gnatnetid naka raseb nanikgnumek V ayajiwarB ubarP


301

V ayajiwarB ubarP amatrep irtup ,nuynabmep onteR irtup artup irad imser

aR irusiamrep nagned helo ihakinid nuynabmeP onteR .itawarawD uyA ut

.gniggneP id targninayadnaH ajaR

.3 kaynab ialinid hataP nedar helo orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naisaralkedeP

hanebreb gnades taykar igalapa iribret nakadnit iagabes nagnalak

gnay naimonokerep napudihek ikiabrepmem gnarep tabika rucnah tapmes

.4 tapad surah tutnutid natluS iagabes aynnakududek malad hataP nedaR

nakududek ini lah malaD .ayntaykar nakarethajesnem nad nakujamem

nakarethajesnem malad raseb bawaj gnuggnat ikilimem gnay ajaR

.ayntaykar

.5 T ,itapidA arap kaynaB isnetsiske nakaynatrepmem gnay gnuggnemu

uti taas nimilsum muak halmuj tagnignem malsI amaga kulemep nataukek

.satironim hisam gnologret

nanatlusaK awhab takapes halet agnaS ilaW arap amasreb hataP nedaR

anaT id amatrep malsI naajareK iagabes orotniB kameD naksafanreb awaj h

igab )malsI mukuh( tairays naparenep nakukalrebmem nagned inkay ,malsI

agabmel nakapurem agnaS ilaW ini lah malaD .malsI amaga kulemep

id naamagaek nasuru malad iggnitret isamitigel ikilimem gnay naamagaek

neraK .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK sisabreb orotniB kameD nanatlusaK a

uata lobmis nagned latnek aynutauses alages aggnihes ,malsI amaga

nataluadek naisaralkednep uata nararkignep taas adaP .malsI nagnabmalrep

nanuS inkay kameD nanatlusaK tahisanep ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK hunep


401

m agajilaK naajarek nagned ilakes amas adebreb gnay atok gnaur atat taubme -

naajarek ,awaJ hanaT id nial naajarek - amaturet ,duskamid gnay naajarek

udniH amaga sisabreb gnay naajareK nad tihapajaM - .ahduB

kameD naatlusaK ajaratoK atat utaus gnacnarem agajilaK nanuS

tniB ,narikimep isaripsniret agajilaK nanuS amatrep ,kinu tagnas gnay oro

aggnihes ,ayntaykar nagned natakedek ikilimem surah natluS gnas awhab

iagabes nakanugrepid tapad gnay tapmet utaus gnacnarem agajilaK nanuS

raD .ayntaykar nagned nipmimep aynumetreb gnaja aynrihka uti nasagag i

nula hallucnum - katelret tapme igesreb nad saul gnay gnapal hanat inkay nula

nulA .ajaratoK gnutnaj id - saul gnay gnapal hanat radekes aynah nakub nula

lobmis nagned taras ipatet ,ajas - nula ,agajilaK nanuS turuneM .lobmis - nula

aynupmem fitkepserp tapme iagabes itra ikilimem gnay urujnep tapme i

inkay ,satilautirips tafirkam ,takikah ,takerat ,tairays nanuS uti nialeS .

nula halebes id anatsi aktapmenem agajilak - natales ek padahgnem nad nula

apel kat ini kaH .nagnunugep ignakalebmem nagned malsI hafaslaf irad s

ardumas itrepes saul nan gnapal itahreb nipmimep raga ardumas padahgnem

pakisreb kadit nipmimep duskam nagned gnunug ignakalebmem atres

irahes napudihek malad gnobmos - nohop aud imanat id anatsI naped iD .irah

akgnabmalem gnay nignireb aud adap gnagepreb asaitnanes natluS awhab n

lA utiay kokop lah - .WAS dammahuM ibaN sidah nad na’ruQ

luduj bus malaD atic ,tigal iggnites - awahbarparuS hayD atic ,

arE tihapajaM naajareK nakgniluggnem ahasureb orotniB kameD nanatlusaK


501

.anahdrawardnairiG ubarP P adapek kameD natluS nagnareyne M tihapaja

arap nad hataP natluS .nanipmimepek huragnep natuberep nakbabesid hibel

nanipmimepek iujuteynem kadit akerem awhab takapes halet agnaS ilaW

non amaga kulemem gnay anahdrawardnairiG ubarP - akerem ,milsum

d gnarepreb nanipmimepek irad nimilsum muak naktamaleynem nasala nagne

ritawahk akerem aynranebes aumes uti gnipmas iD .anahdrawardnairiG ubarP

kameD nataluadek macnagnem naka akam tasep gnabmekreb tihapajaM alib

suM muak nakkareggnem orotniB kameD nanatlusaK .orotniB kutnu mil

gnarep nakamansatagnem nagned tihapajaM padahret nagnarepep nakukalem

gnarep iagabes tubesret dahij . ,malsI mukuh nakamansatanagnem nagneD

akerem natamalesek macnagnem gnay rifak muak ignaremem awhab

.amaga nakranebid gnay icus gnarep nakapurem audek ,uti nagnarepep malaD

amas ubuk - gnay utkaw nakamem uti nagnarepeP .raseb halmujreb amas

.ayngnanemep iagabes orotniB kameD kahip nagned amal fitaler

luduj bus malaD alelabM agnaneK obeK iK nad ranej itiS hkiayS .

p ayapu kutnu orotniB kameD nanatlusaK gnay inkay malsI tairays nakkagene

lA ;ralip tapme naksadnalreb - kamij’i ,WAS dammahuM ibaN sidah ,na’ruQ

ilaW arap help nakkalagid gnay naamagaek kitkarp uti nialeS .sayiq nad

inkay ,lautirips fitkepsrep tapme nakparenem nagned utiay agnaS

naksadnalreb ays takerat ,ta’ir , takikah nad .tafirkam aumes uti ayapU

itiS hkiayS irad nagnatnat tapadnem rem ,agnaneK obeK iK nad raneJ e ak

hkiayS anerak orotniB kameD nanatlusaK ek nawos kadit kutnu naksutumem


601

isisop itrareb ,nawos gnay gnaro awhab paggnagnem raneJ itiS hibel ayn

paggnagnem raneJ itiS hkiayS lahadap ayninawosid gnay gnaro irad hadner

ada aynirid l ha r .lautirips aja

naraja huragnep anerak ritawahk asarem agnaS ilaW nad hataP nedaR

gnay naraja adapirad amiretid hibel mumu takaraysam ek raneJ itiS hkiayS

epid hataP nedar helo asarid tubesret laH .kameD nanatlusaK helo huget gnag

surah atres malsI tairays nakkagenep aynnalaj uggnagnem agnaS ilaW nad

gnay hawkad ra’iys uggnagnem nad kasurem naka anerak nakitnehid

.agnaS ilaw helo nakukalid

luduj bus malaD nakareG obeK gnegA iK nad raneJ itiS hkiayS

?sitiloP nagnitnepek ignaggnutiD agnaneK d nad agnaS ilaW araP nakatireci

nagnitnepek ikilimem raneJ itiS hkiayS awhab ritawahk ialum hataP nedaR

gnusgnal ucuc nakapurem gnay dirum ikilimem ai atres sitilop ubarP

ajiwarB P rulaj irad V ay re tukigneP .agnaneK obeK gnegA ik utiay irusiam

.noluk apiwdawaJ haread ek iapmas kaynab nikgnames raneJ itiS hkiayS

raneJ itiS hkiays raga orotniB kameD nanatlusaK helo nakirebid gnay utkaW

nagnatnetreb kadit gnay aynnaraja haburem kutnu agnaS ilaW naraja nagned

hadus nuhat 1 amales orotniB kameD nanatlusaK helo huget gnagepid gnay

adnat ada kadit ipatet ,sibah ripmah - itiS hkiayS irad naraja nahaburep adnat

naraja nakrabeynem kutnu racneg nikgnames aid nahalam raneJ - .aynnaraja

mas gnay laH hkiayS dirum helo nakukalid aguj a utiay ,gniggneP id ranej itiS

K gabeS agnaneK obeK gnegA i a uam kat patet gnay aynlautirpS uruG anami


701

ek nawos I ,orotniB kameD anats K hanrep kadit ilakes amas gniggneP gnegA i

d raneJ itiS hkiayS .hataP nedaR padahret nawos nad nuhat 1 utkaw sata irebi

.nuhat agit iapmas utkaw satab irebid agnaneK obeK gnegA iK

iK nad raneJ itiS hkiayS nakukalid gnay nagnakgnabmep anemoneF

ilaW naweD nad orotniB kameD natluS padahret agnaneK obeK gnegA

nitret nataluadek gnagemep iagabes agnaS id naamagaek nasuru malad igg

nedaR nad agnaS ilaW arap naaracibmep idajnem aynah nakub ,awaJ hanaT

gnay aynmumu adap kilup naitahrep gnadnamugnem aguj ipatet ,hataP

macamreb ialinem - pS uruG nainarebek ianegnem acam itiS hkiayS lautiri

nasd raneJ w K aynlika raneb irad sapelreT .agnaneK obeK gnegA i - aynkadit

mahap aratna utiay raneJ itiS hkiayS helo nakgnabmekid gnay naraja

aluwak gnilaggnunaM uata dujuW lutadhiW - narila nagned awaJ ala itsug

agnas gnay utauses iagabes agnaS ilaw ialinid gnay aisreP irad ha’iyS t

.aynsitilop isis ialinem gnay aguj ada ipatet ,hayimalsI hadika nakayahabmem

upmam nakhab ,awaJ hanaT id raseb utigeb gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS huragneP

iskaer gnadnuignem aggnihes ,haread iagabreb irad irtnas naubir todeynem

saK kahip irad sarek pukuc gnay nup isalukepS .orotniB kameD nanatlu

;inkay ,uti nahalasamrep ratupes ianegnem nalucnumreb

.1 utnet awaJ hanaT id raneJ itiS hkiays kitanaf tukignep aynraseb ,amatreP agnaS ilaW naweD narep naawaiwek ignarugnem tapad nakritawahkid

t satiroto gnagemep iagabes id naamagaek nasuru malad iggnitreracneg gnades uti taas igalapa ,orotniB kamed nanatlusaK - aynracneg

adapek taredom nad rutnel araces hayimalsI hawkad ra’iys naknalajnem.apiwdawaJ taykar


801

.2 habmatid raneJ itiS hkiayS kitanaf tukignep halmuj aynraseb ,audeK naka nakritawahkid agnaneK obeK gnegA ik huragnep nagned nakkaregid naka taas utaus ualak anamiagab ,sitilop hanar ek nakkolebid naabiwek gnorgnorem uata ,ateduk ,rakam nakadnit nakukalem kutnu

ucuc halada agnaneK obeK gnegA ik igal hibelreT ?orotnib kameD ubarP ,notareK imser naruta araces ,aynitrA .irusiamreP rulaj irad V ayajiwarB surenep nad notareK athat sirawep iagabes kahreb hibel salej

.aynadnamaR anipmimepek .3 adapek nagnakgnabmep nakukalem ranej itiS hkiayS nainarebek ,agiteK

ad orotniB kamed natluS utaus nakapurem agnaS ilaW naqweD n halada agnaS ilaW naeD haknakuB .iridnesret kiranem nad kinu awitsirep ipatet ;naamagaek nasuru malad hunep satiroto nad iggnitret agabmel agnaS ilaW putunep iagabes enebaton gnay raneJ itiS hkiayS apagnem

uk tagnas gnay aid awhab naktaraysignem uti lah ,huragnepreb nad ta nagned aynlah naikimeD .alup huragnepreb nad tauk gnaro halada ,kameD natluS adapek alelabm gnay agnaneK obeK gnegA iK nainarebek

.hataP nedaR nagned salekes ai itrareb

gnay gnaro kaynab ,ini lah malaD aynatreb - haktabeh utigebes ;aynat

naweD nakajibek kitirkgnem nad nawalem inareb ranej itiS hkiayS iapmas

ilaW arap awhab mumu nauhategnep idajnem hadus haknakuB ?agnaS ilaW

ikilimem saul lanekid gnay hallA hisakek arap nalupmuk halada agnaS

raul naitkasek inomegah ikilimem agnaS ilaW naweD haknakuB .asaib

haknakub ,naikimed akiJ ?orotniB kameD nanatlusaK id iggnitret naasaukek

alup asaib raul gnay naitkasek ikilimem gnay gnaroes halada raneJ itiS hkiayS

nagnaj uatA ?agnaS ilaW arap anamiagabes - itajes nagnaj ini lah malad ayn

kutnu agnaS ilaW arap aynagelok utabmem ahasureb aynah raneJ itiS hkiayS

nanatlusaK id isasitarkomed halitsi nagned tubesid gnay apa nakatpicnem

iagabes paggnaid agnaS ilaW naweD kalek iapmas nagnaj ;orotniB kameD

ad rotkatid gnay agabmel gnades igalapa ,aynnanipmimepek malad retiroto n

uatA .awaj hanaT id lawa asam adap haimalsI hawkad ra’iys nakalagid


901

kutnu nakulrepid tagnas uti raneJ itiS hkiayS itrepes kosos halnakatak

id iggnitret naasaukek ignabmignem kutnu uata nagnabmiesek agajnem

t .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK id agnaS ilaW arap nagna

2.2.3 isautiS laisoS - gnajaP naajareK kitiloP d levoN mala sV teberaK

gnasgnaneP

idajnem akiteK A luduj bus malad ,gnajaP itapid nabiteK rikgniT akaJ

notareK uyhaW K .ayajiwidaH natluS ralegreb rikgniT akaJ gnajaP naasauke

urah ai aggnihes ,orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naasaukek hawab id adareb

iridahgnem nanawosip nitabmem rikgniT akaJ .ilakes nuhates kameD ek

uka apagnem naikimed akiJ ”?notarek uyhaw amirenem halet uka hakraneb“

D hawab id itapidA idajnem aynah asam malaD .)503 mlh( !?orotnib kame

gnajaP netapidaK awhab ridkat natarus nagned iauses ,aynnanipmimepek

natubes nagned lanekid aggnih tasep naujamek imalagnem hol hapir hameg

iwanij .

amal kat ,tikas hutaj aut hadus gnay anaggnerT natluS uti taas adaP

ek malA hayS natluS gnejnaK ralegreb gnay anaggnerT natluS .tafaw naidum

1251 nuhat edoirep adap orotniB kameD nanatlusaK nipmimem III rabkA -

atic nakdujuwem kutnU .6451 - es ajaR idajnem aynatic - iagabes awaJ hanaT

p id anaggnerT natluS itnaggne K kameD nanatlusa natluS aynkadites ,orotniB

:inkay ,gnitnep lah agit nakukalem ayajiwidaH


011

.1 arap atres gnuggnemuT nad itapidA arap nakkulkanem ayajiwidaH natluS

akerem akiJ .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK naasaukek hawab id nial ajaR

nages kat ayajiwidaH natluS ,nawalem inareb - es ,aynignaremem kutnu nag

natluS adapek aynnakkudnutek nakataynem aumes ripmah aggnihes

.asaib raul gnay aynnaitkasek padahret tukat asarem anerak ayajiwidaH

.2 iagabes has gnay naukagnep uata isamitigel iracnem ayajiwidaH natluS

kameD natluS gnaidnem itnaggnep nagned )anaggnerT natluS( orotniB

,agnaS ilaW itfuM natnam ,iriG nanuS gnejnaK adapek utser atnimem

natluS hupmetid gnay apA .kiserG id nakududekreb uti taas adap gnay

iracnem ai anerak ,iggnit takgnit kitilop nagned kitnedi ini ayajiwidah

aj adapek utser gnilap gnay agnaS ilaW naraj hupes nanuS alib aynitrA .

nanuS akam ,ayajiwidaH natluS adapek aynutser nakirebmem kat iriG

gnajaP nanatlusak iutserem naka kat nup suduk nanuS nad agajilaK

iriG nanuS aneraK ,ipaT .orotniB kameD nanatlusaK nakitnaggnem

irebmem suduK nanuS nupuam agajilaK nanuS sitamoto aynutser nak

.ajas tukignem aynah

.3 natluS aynmulebeS H ibol nakukalem ayajiwida - arap adapek kitilop ibol

ner gnukudnem uam raga nial ajaR uata natluS ,gnuggnemuT ,itapidA anac

K nanatlusa P anatlusaK nakitnaggnem gnaja inkay orotniB kameD n

nakhadimem ayajiwidaH natluS akaM .apiwdawaJ id laggnut asaugnep

ai uti haduseS .gnajaP nanatlusaK ek orotniB kameD nanatlusaK anatsi


111

kameD nanatlusaK surenep iagabes aynirid nakisaralkednem areges

.orotniB

luduj bus malaD K irahataM e gnajaP nanatlusaK id rabm idajret ,

amas gnay gnasgnaneP ayrA nagned teberaK saM aratna nagniasrep - amas

.orotniB kameD nanatlusaK athat sirawep iagabes kayal nad satnap asarem

adeS naregnap irad artup nakapurem gnasgnaneP ayrA irusulet atik akiJ

artup nepeL nanatluseK athat hataP natluS laggninepes ,agiteK hataP natluS

sunU nedaR utiay aynaudek artup helo naksuretid gnamem orotniB kameD

itaP ayntafaw haduseS .roL gnarbaS naregnaP ralegreb gnay sunU itaP saila

naP halada itnaggnep idajnem gnay aynitsemes sunU ipatet nepeL adeS nareg

natluS gnaidnem tapmeek artup ,anaggnerT natluS halada athat kian gnay

haya uata nepeL adeS naregnaP anerak arakrep idajnem gnay halinis iD .hataP

artup atawarP nedaR nasutu gnaro ,ataY aruS helo hunubid gnasgnaneP ayrA

natluS audek alib rikgniT akaJ saila teberaK saM nakgnades ,anaggnerT

teberaK saM anam id orotniB kameD nanatlusaK mulebes athat irad uajnitid

ayajiwarB ubarP )tapmeek isareneg( ticic nakapurem ayajiwidaH natluS saila

J ,itawarawD iweD uyA utaR irusiamreP rulaj irad V artuP halada rikgniT aka

amatrep irtup halada nuyabmeP onteR gnades ,agnaneK obeK gnegA iK

athat tapadnem kutnu kahreb hibel teberaK saM akam ,V ayajiwarB ubarP

ubarP irad gnusgnal nanurutek sirag nakapurem teberaK sam anerak

ajaM rihkaret ajaR V ayajiwarB .tihap


211

ayajiwidaH natluS nagned gnasgnaneP ayrA aratna tulemeK

hibel suduK nanuS .suduK nanuS lidna tapadret aumes uti gnakalebid

ayrA naamagaek sketnok malad nakanerakid gnasgnaneP ayrA kahimem

mahap tukignep halada gnasgnaneP ha’amaJ laW hannuS sulhA sa( )ajaw

natluS nakgnades ,orotniB kameD nahatniremep amales iggnit gnujnujid gnay

naraja mahapreb hibel ayajiwidaH aluwaK gnilaggnunaM - itsuG gnay

hutuB gnegA iK itrepes ,aynadnamaR naurugrepes araduas helo nakmanatid

narajagnep kusamret ,gnaregN gnegA iK nad iK nad uriB uynaB tuyuB iK

ialum gnajaP nanatlusaK nahatniremep kajes nakatirecid atres oleS gnegA

lahadaP .nataleS tual asaugnep ludiK oroR iyN nagned nagnubuh tapadret

.iridnes suduK nanuS irad dirum nakapurem aynaudek

tna nauretesrep amard irad rihkA ayrA nagned ayajiwidaH natluS ara

)ayajiwidaH natluS( gnajaP natluS akitek bawajret uti gnasgnaneP

ayrA hunubmem asib gnay apais gnarab“ arabmeyas nakadagnem

hanaT nad itaP hanaT haidah naktapadem naka aid akam ,gnasgnaneP

gnarO .koatneM hanaT uata marataM ayrA hunubmem tapad gnay

artup ayajiwatuS gnanaD utiay ,gnajaP natluS natuyubeb husum gnasgnaneP

gniroL ihebagN nedaR saila ayajiwatuS gnanaD utiay nahanameP gnegA iK

numan adum hisam ikseM .ayajiwidaH natluS takgna artup nakapurem ,rasaP

yajiwatuS gnanaD ratneg kat ai aggnihes ,tabeh gnay nainarebek ikilimem a

gnanaD aynhuggnuses ini lah malaD .gnasgnaneP ayrA ipadahgnem

nakujaid gnay iwajneP iK nad nahanameP gnegA iK ogaj halada ayajiwatuS


311

narepreb kadneh ayajiwatuS gnanaD akiteK .ayajiwidaH natluS adapek g

artup ilakebmem ayajiwidaH natluS akam ,gnasgnaneP ayrA nagned gnidnat

gnay terelP iaiK kabmot utiay aynnaladna akasup nagned ayntakgna

.gnasgnaneP ayrA nakhalagnem lisahreb naidumek

nalamar ianegnem retnas pukuc gnay rabak ragnedret uti haleteS

iG nanuS koatneM hanat id asaugnep idajnem gnay apais gnarab awhab ir

naka aid akam ,)marataM( ajar naknurunem - id raseb ajar T .awaJ hana

hunubmem tapad gnay gnaro awhab ijnajreb halet ayajiwidaH natluS ,lahadaP

hanat haidah naktapadnem naka aid akam gnasgnaneP ayrA koatneM nad itaP

ajar naknurunem kadneh naasarep utaus helo gnorodiD .)marataM( - raseb ajar

iK adapek itaP hanaT nakirebmem aynah ayajiwidaH natluS ,awaJ hanat id

aynkapmat ,haidah helorepmem moleb nahanamaP gnegA iK gnades ,iwajnaP

ugnem ayajiwidaH natluS marataM hanat haidah nakirebmem utkaw rul

ucuc halada nahanameP gnegA iK lahadaP .nahanameP gnegA iK adapek

.aleS gnegA iK iridnes aynurug

.nahanameP gnegA ik tahisanep utiay inatraM uruJ iK naras iulaleM

S nautnab atnimem iwajnaP iK nad nahanameP gnegA iK .agajilaK nanu

dirum naktagnignem kutnu gnajaP ek gnatad naidumek agajilak nanuS

aynnagnayasek

iK adapek umijnaj irakgnignem uakgne apagnem ,natluS heH“ adapek itaP hanaT rajnaggnem hadus natluS haknakuB !?nanahameP

hanaT haidah apagnem ipatet ,iwajnep iK iK adapek marataM ?nakireb uak muleb nahanameP


411

:hiladreb ayajiwidaH natluS ,agajilaK nanuS aynurug adapeK

utkaw rulugnem duskamren kadit ayas aynranebes ,nanuS gnejnaK“ .nahanameP gnakaK adapek marataM hanat haidah nakirebmem

id hanat naadaek ajas aynaH natuh apureb nad sudnat hisam marataM duskamreb ayas akam ,tikides hisam aynkududnep atres aratnaleb kaynab nad iamar ,ujam hadus gnay nial hanat itnaggnem

”.aynkududnep ?gnohobmep ajaR iagabes nakatakid asib natluS adnana ,utigeb akiJ“

halet natluS ,babeS halagaJ .nakpacuid hadus gnay ijnaj irakgnignem ,haN .aynitah itikasret gnay ada iapmas nagnaj nailaK naaraduasrep ”,nahanameP gnegA iK adapek marataM hanat halnakireb gnarakes

.agajilaK nanuS sadnat raneb aynitah ,maidret hisam ayajiwidaH natluS - ug raneb aai anerak hadn

suretreb ayajiwidaH natluS aynrihkA .iriG nanuS nalamar iayacrepmem

agajilaK nanuS adapek rujuj araces gnaret

ayas itah natarebek aynranebes ,nanuS gnejnaK nupma nohoM“ nanuS nalamar ragnednem ayas anerak marataM hanaT nakhareynem

whab iriG ajar naknurunem naka kalek marataM asaugnep a - raseb ajar.awaJ hanat id

”,ajas gnapmag uti lah ,samec natluS itah taubmem gnay uti lah akiJ“.agajilaK nanuS atak

’?nanuS gnejnaK duskaM“ aites ijnajreb ayapus nahanameP umaraduas adapek halatniM“

ab umadapek naka kadit nad umadapek aites ulales naka aid awh ,han“ ,hagnenep idajnem agajilaK nanuS ”,gnajaP gnareynem gnay uka gnades ,natluS adapek halijnajreb gnarakes ,nahanameP

”.aynnakiskaynem

:ijnajreb areges nup nahanamaP iK

natluS adniD nad nanuS gnejnaK“ tainreb naka kadit ijnajreb ayas kadit ayas agomes ,nakukal ayas akij ,gnajaP nanatlusak nakkulkanem

”.tamales

laH .aynijnaj ihunemem ayajiwidaH natluS aynrihka itah tareb nagneD

raseb natluS gnaroes iagabes ayajiwidaH natluS isneukesnok nakapurem uti

nay ‘ napakgnu ihunemem surah g nat idaD nasipeS utaR atihdnap adbaS


511

aloW aneK - ’ilaW . hanat natuh akubmem naidumek nahanameP gnega iK

naasaukek rasad katelep halada aiD .aynhaub kana utnabid nagned marataM

b nad ujam nikgnames maratam amal nikgnames ,maratam id gnabmekre

helo nipmipid marataM nanipmimepek kupmat haletes amaturet ,tasep

ralegreb gnay ayajiwatuS gnanaD .agalagN gnI itaponeS nahabmenap halateS

ayajiwidah natluS ,nobarpek resgnel irad resegreb nup naasaukek akam

anipmimepek hawab id marataM ek gnajaP iauses ayajiwatuS gnanaD n

.iriG nanuS iskiderp nagned

3.3 naajareK nagned kameD naajareK aratnA nagnubuH natiakreteK

gnajaP

awaJ ualuP id amatrep malsI naajareK nakapurem kameD naajareK

nakapurem gnay hataP nedaR helo ,M 0051 nuhat adap nakiridid gnay

ek ,awaJ id amatrep malsI naajareK iagabeS .imuhbatreK ajaR irad nanurut

ti asam adap isasimalsI sesorp malad huragnepreb tagnas kameD naajareK ,u

arap nautnab nagned igalapa W ila S malad raseb narepreb tuki aguj gnay agna

naayajek asam nagned gnajaP nanatlusaK orotniB kameD nanatlusaK

ajaR ,V ayajiwarB ubarP hart surenep nakapurem gnay naajarek nakapurem

nedaR kameD asam adaP .aynnaadebrep ilakes kapmat ipatet ,tihapajaM

hawkad edotem nagned malsI tairays nakkagenep nakamatugnem hibel hataP

helo taredom araces larutkurtS natakednep nagned kiab ,agnaS ilaW arap

.larutluK nupuam


611

amales nanipmimepek naitnagrep sesorp imalagnem kameD naajareK

0051( hataP nedaR inkay ,ilak 4 – 8151( sunU itapidA ,)8151 – natluS ,)1251

1251( anaggnerT – ( atawarP nedaR ,)6451 6451 – 51 ,ayngnayas numaN .)94

K eS .gnajnap rumureb kadit kameD naajare ,iridreb nuhat 05 ripmah halet

K aparebeb helo naktabikaid gnay nahutnurek imalagnem kameD naajare

.rotkaf

aynada halada kameD naajareK aynhutnur rotkaf babeynep utas halaS

na naasaukek natuberep aneP ayrA arat n gnay uata ayajiwidA nagned gnasg

lanekid hibel rikgniT akaJ .rikgniT akaJ natubes nagned gnaroes halada

nerT natluS utnanem ( gnajaP id asaukreb gnay onogg iD .)ilaloyoB haread

narupmetrep malad - upmam aynrihka rikgnit akaJ uti narupmetrep

gnem meD naajareK tasup nakhadnimem nad gnasgnaneP ayrA nakhala ek ka

( .8651 nuhat adap gnajaP .)5002 :anajluM

gnajaP naajareK awhab naklupmiynem asib atik ,sata id naiaru iraD

elo nakiridid gnay kameD naajareK irad natujnal nakapurem h akaJ T rikgni

ek hisam gnay natluS irad utnanem halada nial kat gnay ,kameD irad nanurut

naajareK awhab naksalej id anajluM aynukub malad nupualaW .onoggnerT

raneb halet kameD - rikgniT akaJ akitek ipat ,6451 nuhat adap hutnur raneb

ai ,gnasgnaneP ayrA nakhalagnem lisahreb halet m ulal K nakhadnime notare

nagned tubesid gnay urab naajareK nakiridnem nad ,gnajaP ek kameD

.gnajaP naajareK


711

utnanem ,rikgniT akaJ natluS tasup nakhadnimem ,anaggnerT

,gnajaP ek kameD irad nahatniremep nakiridnem naidumek nad K naajare

trep ajar idajnem nad gnajaP akaJ .ayajiwidaH raleg nagned gnajaP id ama

naajarek padahret nakulkanep nakukalem rikgniT - awaJ id licek naajarek

ai ,lisahreb haleteS .rumiT halet gnay gnaro aud adapek haidah nakirebmem

gnay nahanamaP gnegA iK halada akerem ,nakulkanep amales asajreb

tid .iwajnaP id naktapmetid gnay iwajnaP gnegA iK nad marataM id naktapme

K nakapurem gnajaP naajareK id katelret gnay amatrep malsI naajare

naajarek itrepes kadiT .namaladep - id adareb aynasaib gnay aynnial naajarek

rek idajnem amlejnem mulebeS .risisep ratikes nakapurem gnajaP ,naaja

reb gnay haread a haread id katelret aynisakoL .kameD naasaukek malad ad

itapida idajnem gnay uti utkaw adaP .)oloS( atrakaruS taked ,arusatraK

es( akaJ halada gnajaP id )itapub macam .rikgniT

akaJ M uata saM ijnaP aguj tubesid rikgniT nakapurem aI .teberaK sa

ini gniggneP .targninoyodnaH amanreb gnay gniggneP ajaR nanurutek

haletes haleteS .hagneT awaJ ,ipareM gnunuG araggnet gnerel id katelret

isahreb akaJ ,gnasgnaneP oirA isibahgnem l natlus idajnem athat kian rikgniT

b ,gnajaP amatrep .ayajiwidaH nedaR ralegre

taked ,arolB haread tuberem ayajiwidaH natluS ,4551 nuhat adaP

tapadret gnay tihapajaM narasebek takgnarep aumes ,8651 nuhat adaP .gnapiJ

payas nakrabelem anug ,ayntujnaleS .gnajaP anatsI ek nakhadnip ai kameD


811

ynem ai aynnaasaukek ,uti haletes nuhat agiT .7751 nuhat adap irideK gnare

ajar - .gnajaP nataluadek iukagnem rumiT awaJ id ajar

aI .hutuB aseD id nakmakamid ,7851 nuhat adap tafaw ayajiwidaH

aretup halada iridnes irignaP ayrA .irignaP ayrA ,aynutnanem helo nakitnagid

warP nanuS awaneB naregnaP takgnagnem ulal irignaP ayrA .kameD irad oto

.gnapiJ id itapida idajnem ,ayajiwidaH kana ,)owoneB(

awaneB naregnaP ,gnajaP athat sata kahreb hibel asarem aneraK

tabajep halmujes helo utnabid aI .irignaP padahret nakatnorebmep nakukalem

ameD D nialeS .k A helo utnabid aguj awaneB ,kame ,marataM itapid

hibel gnay nataukek gnukudid aneraK .)ayajiwatuS( itaponeS nahabmenaP

hisam nial kat gnay ,irignaP nakhalagnem lisahreb awaneB naregnaP ,raseb

gnajaP natlus idajnem awaneB .iridnes aynrapi araduas .8851 nuhat adap

hilimem hibel awaneB naregnaP ,ayntujnales nagnabmekrep adaP

asaukreb gnay ,uti aneraK .gnajaP isurugnem adapirad malsI raiynep idajnem

awaneB naregnaP 9851 nuhat adaP .marataM halada ayntujnales awaJ sata

sata gnineB kagaG helo nakitnagid ,1951 nuhat adaP .ayajiwatuS nakajibek

uti akitek gnay ,awaneB kana helo nakitnagid nad laggninem gnineB kagaG

.marataM nahawab idajnem halet

natluS padahret katnorebmem awaneB aretup ,8161 nuhat adaP

gnugA natluS ,gnabmies kat aneraK .marataM ajaR ,gnugA hadum nagned

idbA .ini gnajaP asaugnep nanawalrep nakhupmulem - gnay gnajaP idba

luteb nakatnorebmep haleteS .ayabaruS nad iriG ek irid nakiralem tamales -


911

kutnu marataM ek gnajaP kududnep nakmirignem gnugA natluS ,mader luteb

agneD .askap ajrek hurub idajnem gnay gnajaP tayawir haltamat ,naikimed n

ek nakhadnipid gnajaP ulal naajarek akasup huruleS .nuhat 54 aynah asaukreb

marataM .

4.3 levoN nagned harajeS skeT nagnidnabreP gnasgnaneP sV teberaK

tsirep ,harajes awitsirep irad rebmusreb tapad aguj artsas ayraK awi

ayrak nakatpicnem kutnu gnaragnep gnaroes isartsuli nakapurem harajes

.artsas ,satilaer halada artsas ayrak kejbo ,)171 :6002( ayajiwotnuK turuneM

uti satilaer alibapa gnaragnep helo satilaer nagned duskamid gnay nup apa

akam ,harajes awitsirep apureb abocnem amatrep ,tapad artsas ayrak

duskam nagned renijami gnay asahab malad uti awitsirep nakhamejrenem

.gnaragnep naupmamek radak turunem harajes awitsirep imahamem kutnu

kutnu ayngnaragnep igab anaras idajnem tapad artsas ayrak ,audeK

aynem m rikip nakiap awitsirep utaus ianegnem napaggnat atres ,naasarep ,na

idajnem tapad artsas ayrak ,harajes ayrak aguj itrepes ,agiteK .harajes

nad nauhategnep nagned iauses harajes awitsirep haubes ilabmek naatpicnep

.gnaragnep isanijami ayad


021

1.4.3 lebaT T nagnidnabreP levoN nagned kameD naajareK harajeS ske

gnasgnaneP sV teberaK

oN nagnareteK harajeS

temalS ,duegiP n faarG(

)anajluM

levoN

( sV teberaK

gnasgnaneP )

1 nanatlusaK halisliS

orotniB kameD

kameD naajareK halisliS

salej nagned rabmagret

nanuS adap iapmas

awarP asam adaP .at

nanuS nahatniremep

kameD atawarP

narudnumek imalagnem

nalipmartek nakanerakid

nanuS kitilopreb

utigeb kadit atawarP

pudih akus hibel ai ,kiab

nanuS .amalu iagabes

kubis hibel atawarP

amaga ilha iagabes

adapirad

nanuS levon malaD

ulalret kadit atawarP

levon isI .gnuggnisid

ek haragnem hibel

itaP ,hataP nedaR

natluS nad sunU

.anaggnerT nuS na

aynah atawarP

tikides gnuggnisid

levon malad id ilakes

.ini


121

naknahatrepmem

aS .aynnaasaukek rep ut

aynnahawab haread utas

,noberiC ,netnaB itrepes

,kiserG ,ayabaruS

nad sabeb gnabmekreb

upmam kadit kameD

.aynignalahgnem

2 naasaukek natubereP ,anaggnerT natluS aksaP

natuberep idajret

aratna naasaukek

gnI adeS naregnaP

nanuS nad nepeL

odeS naregnaP .atawarP

aynsurahes nepeL

natluS nakitnaggnem

unubid anaggnerT helo h

.atawarP nanuS

halasam kinorK

naasaukek natuberep

adeS naregnaP aratna

nanuS nad nepeL gnI

kadit atawarP

icnir araces sahabid

hibel naknialem

adapek haragnem

madned nasalabmep

gnasgnaneP ayrA

nanuS adapek

halet anerak atawarP

aynhaya hunubmem


221

utiay adeS naregnaP

.nepeL

3 naajareK isisoP

tihapajaM

kinork natatac turuneM

aohgnoiT gnetnelK irad

naajareK .gnoK oP maS

tuberid halet tihapajaM

helo aynnaasaukek

kameD nanatlusaK

naajareK .orotniB

idajnem halet tihapajaM

nakulkat naajareK

edaR aggnihes kameD n

oojN takgnagnem hataP

iggnitep iagabes aW yaL

hawab id tihapajaM

haleteS .orotniB kameD

aW yaL oojN naitamek

hataP nedar naidumek

igal takgnagnem

anahdrawardnairiG

iggnitep iagabes

ubarP nakhasikiD

anahdrawardniriG

ajaR nakapurem

gnay irideK naajareK

atedukgnem

ubarP nahatniremep

nad V ayajiwarB

naasaukek tuberem

.tihapajaM

ubarP naidumeK

anahdrawardnairiG

aynirid takgnagnem

iagabes ubarP

iagabes IV ayajiwarB

athkat sirawep

tihaphajaM naajareK

ayajiwarB ubarP irad

.V


321

nupualaw tihapajaM

aynrihka

anahdrawardnairiG

gnaresid aynrihka

o ilabmek kameD hel

nagnubuhreb aneraK

.sigutroP nagned taked

4

adap gnisa gnaro isidnoK

kameD naajareK asam

. amuS natatac malaD

nagnarak latneiro

.sigutroP gnalautep

naksikulem seriP emoT

asam adap awaJ naadaek

y kameD naajarek ,utia

gnaro - gnay gnisa gnaro

irad ,malsI amagareb

macamreb - macam

tapmetreb ,asgnab

,gnupmak id laggnit

radnab - taubmem ,radnab

idajnem akerem hamur

.nanahatrep ubuk

arap nakatireciD

racneg agnaS ilaW

nakukalem

amaga narabeynep

nagned malsI

ek ra’iys nakukalem

haread - atres haread

nagnukud tapadnem

nedaR irad hunep

kameD natluS hataP

orotniB


421

nakadagnem akereM

nagnares - nagnares

nagnupmakrep padahret

“ ”rifak akerem aynrihka

es tuberem hurul

radnab nahatniremep

kutnu sugilakes

amaga nakrabeynem

.malsI

5 p natabaJ non asaugne -

milsum

asaugnep nanuruteK

amagareb nakub gnay

kutnu askapid malsI

nakhareynem

adapek aynnaasaukek

amagareb gnay gnaro

ini ajas utneT .malsI

tapadnem aumes

irad nagnukud

kameD nanatlusaK

habmanem kutnu

naasaukek huragnep

asaugnep nanuruteK

muleb gnay

malsI amagareb

nakirebid aynah

kutnu naharecnep

amaga itukignem

uti aumeS .malsI

nagned nakukalid

aynada apnat iamad

naaskap nad gnarep

gnay tamu padahret

a nanialreb .amag


521

enebaton gnay kameD

usaK kameD nanatl

naajareK nakapurem

id amatrep gnay malsI

.awaJ

6 sunU itapidA hasiK nakhasikid sunU itapidA

aynnagnareynep gnatnet

sigutroP risugnem kutnu

.lagag ipatet akalaM irad

itaP naidumek amal kaT

tabika laggninem sunU

urap kakgneb tikas - .urap

nakukalem sunU itaP

I dahij isidepske

gnareynem kutnu

igutrop akalaM id s

itaP .lagag ipatet

ulal sunu

nupmihgnem

kutnu nataukek

nakukalem

audek nagnareynep

gnay adamra nagned

nagned raseb hibel

dahij isidepske aman

id rugug ai ulal ,II

.anas

7 anaggnerT natluS hasiK atireb skeT - atireb natluS nakatireciD


621

nakrabagnem sigutroP

rT natluS rugug anaggne

ek isidepske malad

gnuju id ,nakuranaP

aynahasU .awaJ rumiT

nakgnubaggnem kutnu

gnay nahubalep atok

ek uti ”rifak“

nagned aynhayaliw

ataynret nasarekek

turuneM .lagag

akitek seriP naarikrep

nahab naklupmugnem

nusuynem kutnu

aynukub eirO amuS latn ,

ulalret tubesret ajar

nakkubiynem kaynab

nagned aynirid

.nertupek id natamkinek

,hawem pudih aI

ayofreb - nad ayof

adap anaggnerT

asam

ai ,aynahatniremep

lisahreb halet

nad nakhalagnem

nakkudnunem

jareK tihapajaM naa

ayajiwarB ubarP are

ubarP ,utiay IIV

.ayajiwanaR hayD

kaynab naidumeK

natluS ,itapidA arap

id ajaR atres

iukagnem apiwdawaJ

isnetsiske

nanipmimepek

.anaggnerT natluS

natluS nakhasikiD

gnay anaggnerT

tikas hutaj aut hadus

amal kat nad


721

nasuru nakiabagnem

.naaragenek

naidumek .tafaw

2.4.3 lebaT levoN nagned gnajaP naajareK skeT nagnidnabreP teberaK

gnasgnaneP sV

oN nagnareteK harajeS

temalS n duegiP ,faarG(

)anajlum

levoN

sV teberaK(

)gnasgnaneP

1 naasaukek natubereP

teberaK saM aratna

ayrA nagned

.gnasgnaneP

sket malaD harajes

ayrA awhab nakatirecid

tutnunem gnasgnaneP

aynhaya naitamek salab

nepeL adeS naregnaP

.atawarP nanuS adap

ayrA naidumeK

hunubmem gnasgnaneP

imaus( iridaH naregnaP

anerak )tamaynilaK utaR

paggnaid iridah naregnaP

gnalahgnep iagabes ayrA

teberaK levoN V s

gnasgnaneP ayrA

akatirecnem malad n

naasaukek natuberep

aratna idajret gnay

gnasgnaneP ayrA

rikgniT akaJ nagned

naadebrep tahilret

utiay lubmit gnay

halet teberaK sam

iasaugnem lisahreb

kameD atkhat


821

gnasgnaneP kutnu idajnem

kameD natluS haleteS .

nanuS hunubmem

gnukudnep nad atawarP -

akam ayngnukudnep

tapad gnasgnanep ayrA

augnem hat ias .kameD at

atreseb gnasgnaneP ayrA

halet aynnakusap

kameD gnareynem

rakabmem nad orotniB

.orotniB kameD atok

ayrA aynkiaN

nasgnaneP athat ek g

tapadnem naajarek

naregnaP helo nagnalah

utnanem ayajiwidaH

ayrA .anaggnerT natluS

aynrihka gnasgnaneP

helo nakhalakid tapad

aggnihes rikgniT akaJ

kitilop kitkat nagned

nakukalid gnay

ayrA ipatet

asarem gnasgnaneP

nad gnanes kadit

atnanem akaJ gn

rikgniT .


921

gnay halrikgniT takaJ

.gnajaP id natluS idajnem

2 nedaR nagnakgnabmeP

gnanaD( ihebagN saM

)ayajiwatuS padahret

natluS(ayajiwidaH natluS

)gnajaP

harajes sket malaD

halet awhab nakatirecid

aratna nagnagetek idajret

nagned gnajaP naajareK

nedaR are marataM

.rasaP gnI roL ihebagN

m marataM nakukale

padahret nagnakabmep

gnajaP nanatlusaK

natluS aggnihes

nakukalem ayajiwidaH

padahret nagnareynep

lagag ipatet marataM

nakukalem idaj kadit uata

id anerak nagnares

natluS nanalajrep hagnet

.tikas hutaj ayajiwidaH

uti haletes amal kaT

jiwidaH natluS aya

idajnem marataM

ujam gnay haread

napakgnu itrepes

hol hapir hameg

iwanij hawab id

nanipmimepek

ihebagN nedaR

nedaR .rasaP gniroL

satnilret ihebagN

kutnu nanigniek

nakukalem

nagnakabmep

nanatlusak padahret

ipatet gnajaP

iK helo nakhugatid

deG nahanameP e

nedaR aggnihes

hisam ihebagN

nawos ek


031

.laggninem .gnajaP nanatlusaK

3 irignaP ayrA hasiK nanuS irad tasais satA

natluS haletes iriG

idaH akam tafaw ayajiw

hat kian gnay halada at

itapidA irignaP ayrA

natluS utnanem kameD

irignaP ayrA .gnajaP

nakrikgniynem naregnaP

natluS artup owoneB

aguj ayajiwidaH

takgna kida nakapurem

asaugnep ihebagN nedaR

.marataM

kadit levon malaD

tirecid naka

ayrA ianegnem

races irignaP .liated a


131

4 owoneB naregnaP hasiK owoneB naregnaP

,ajar idajnem aynrihka

ihebagN nedaR anerak

agnem ayrA nakhal

naregnaP .irignaP

nagnubuhreb owoneB

nagned kiab araces

aggnihes ihebagN nedaR

namaz kajes

naregnaP nanipmimepek

idajret owoneB

nagned naiamadrep

marataM .marataM

gnabmekreb nikgnames

nakmaleggnenem nad

.gnajaP aman

nakatirecid kadiT

P ianegnem naregna

atireC .owoneB

naksukof id hibel

saM nanalajrep adap

natluS saila teberaK

.ayajiwidaH


231

VI BAB

PUTUNEP

nalupmiseK 1.4

nalupmisek kiranem silunep ,nakukalid halet gnay sisilana nakrasadreB

levon awhab gnasgnaneP sV teberaK aytesuS nawaW ayrak narabmaggnep ikilimem

laisos isautis ianegnem - laisos isautiS .gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK kitilop -

rotkaf atres ayntakaraysam malad id kapmat gnay laisos rotkaf irad kutnebret kitilop

gnisam helo ikilimid gnay gnay kitilop - ukreb gnay naajarek gnisam kutnU .asa

ini sisilanA .artsas igoloisos naijak nakanuggnem silunep ini naitilenep nakukalem

kisirtni rusnu uata larutkurts sisilana nagned ilawaid rula utiay malad naksalejid gnay

sisilana naidumek II baB nagnidnabrep laisos isautis - kitilop ameD naajareK nad k

laisos isautis nagned harajes isrev gnajaP naajareK - levon malad tapadret gnay kitilop

gnay aytesuS nawaW ayrak gnasgnaneP sV teberaK .III baB malad naksalejid

larutkurts naijak nakanuggnem ini naitileneP utiay II bab malad akam ,rula

alem itilenep levon malad rula sisilana nakuk teberaK gnasgnaneP sV rusnu atres

irtni laisos isautis sisilanagnem mulebes kis - naajareK nad kameD naajareK kitilop

.gnitnep gnay iskif rusnu nakapurem rula anerak itilenep nakukalid ini laH .gnajaP

padahret larutkurts naijaK naaracibmep adap naknaketid hibel gnires nup iskif ayrak

laisos isautis nakrabmaggnem laisnetop tagnas gnay halatirec rula akam ,rula - kitilop

sV teberak levon malad tapadret gnay gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK

awitsireP .surul rula halada gnasgnaneP -p nalajreb idajret gnay nalajreb awitsire


331

awitsirep nakanerakid inI .fisergorp uata sigolonork araces - id idajret gnay awitsirep

levon malad gnasgnaneP sv teberaK naajareK kajes ,naturureb nad surul nalajreb

pajaM naajareK ek V ayajiwarB ubarP acsap tihapajaM ek isrev tiha - aynajar nagned 2

naajareK ek naidumek kameD naajareK naktujnalid anahdrawardnairiG ubarP

lawa luduj bus irad kapmat tubesret naturU .gnajaP naasaukeK ilabmeK tujareM

tihapajaM kayokreT gnay rihkaret luduj bus iapmas tlusaK id rabmeK irahataM nana

.gnajaP

nakispirksednem silunep ,III baB malaD nagnidnabrep isautis laisos - kitilop

gnajaP naajareK nad kameD naajareK laisos isautis nagned harajes isrev - kitilop gnay

levon malad tapadret gnasgnaneP sV teberaK idajreT .aytesuS nawaW ayrak

ep aparebeb levon malad tapadret gnay isi nagned harajes sket aratna naadebr teberaK

gnasgnaneP sV . levon isI gnasgnaneP sV teberaK malsI amaga hawkad isireb anerak

gnay ipatet nawalhap iagabes nakhasikid malsI amagareb gnay atirec hokot aumes

nakhasikid nagnatnetreb gnay hokot uata katnorebmep iagabes .rifak

levon malad tapadret gnay atirec tahilreT gnasgnaneP sV teberaK kadit

idajret gnay malsI amaga narabeynep ianegnem icnir araces naksalejnem , ipatet

ynada naktubeynem harajes skeT .hawkad iulalem nakatirecid aynah rusnu a

napakgnu aynada atres aynnarabeynep sesorp malad idajret gnay nasarekek rifak igab

gnaro - nad udniH amaga utiay ini lah malad malsI niales amaga kulemem gnay gnaro

gnay nawasgnab nawalem kutnu dahij gnarep halitsi aynada nagned tahilreT .ahduB

limem kitilop nagnitnepek tapadret uti aynranebes ualaw malsI niales nanikayek iki

.aynmalad id gnudnakret


431

gnaro ,anugardnam itkas gnay gnaro iagabes paggnaid agnaS ilaW naweD

ini levoN .raneb ilaW naweD paggnaid gnay lah alages naklagelem aggnihes icus

libret gnay gnaro iagabes paggnaid akerem aggnihes agnaS ilaW hara ek kahipreb gna

atak nad ,anaskajib nakatakid - apnat raneb paggnaid ulales nakpacu akerem gnay atak

.agnaS ilaW arap nakadnit paitesid sitilop rusnu ada hakapa tahilem

ad levon nakapurem ini levoN nakatirecnem gnay malsI amaga hawk araces

hasik icnir - .asaukreb tubesret naajareK asam adap lanekret gnay ajar hasik hokoT -

haloes anaskajib ,kiab ulales gnay gnaro nakhasikid malsI amagareb gnay hokot - halo

.alec apnat awitsireP - sirep d gnay awit i t nakatirec aggnihes icnirepret gnaruk gnalibre

laisos isautis narabmag tahilem asib aynah acabmep - asam adap idajret gnay kitilop

ajar ipatet ajas lanekret gnay ajar nahatniremep - salikes araces sahabid aynah nial ajar

.ajas

naraS 2.4

levoN K gnasgnaneP sV tebera amrep malad sahabid tapad gnay nahalas

lalem igal itiletid tapad ini levoN .naitilenep u ini natakedneP .sirotsiH naijak i

awitsirep silanagnem - s aynnamaj adap idajret gnay harajes awitsirep gnay atre

ratalreb levon silunep nolac arap aggnihes levon malad tapadret naknarasid ,harajes

raga aynlevon naksilunem mulebes uluhad hibelret harajes naijak nakukalem raga

pakgnatid halas gnay harajes nakkolebmep uata napakgnanep halas idajnem kadit

.tubesret levon acabmep helo


531

AKATSUP RATFAD

liF sumaK .6991 .tneroL ,sugaB .atrakaJ .amatU akatsuP aidemarG TP .tafas

.8791 .okojD idrapaS ,onomaD artsaS igoloisoS nad naanibmeP tasuP : atrakaJ .asahaB nagnabmegneP

.0991 .lasruM ,netsE naartsasuseK : harajeS nad iroeT ratnagneP tibreneP :gnudnaB ..asakgnA

.4991 .kuraF oS ratnagneP tsoP iapmas kiteneG emsilarutkurtS irad artsaS igoloisisasinredoM ayaJ akatsuP :atrakaJ .

.5891 .duaegiP nad faarG naajareK - malsI naajareK sserP itifarG .atrakaJ .awaJ id

.8891 .treB F ,tlesoH umlI rasaD naudnaP - laisoS umlI ilawajaR VC .atrakaJ .

yojiwotnuK 6002 ,o takaraysaM nad ayaduB . .anacaW araiT : atrakaygoY .

kciD helo nakaisenodnIid .artsaS umlI ratnagneP .6891 .kkd naV naJ ,grubmexuL aidemarG :atrakaJ .onotraH

.9791.temalS ,anayluM udniH naajareK aynhutnuR - arageN aynlubmiT nad awaJ -uN id malsI arageN aratnas sikL :atrakaygoY .

.2002 nahruB ,orotnaigruN iskiF naijakgneP iroeT adaM hajaG :atrakaygoY ..sserP ytisrevinU

6991 ideR ,ujunaP naayadubeK nad rasaD ayadub umlI . UPG .TP :atrakaJ .

.9991 .asahaB nagnabmegneP nad naanibmeP tasuP nI asahaB raseB sumaK .aisenod:atrakaJ akatsuP ialaB

.4002 ahtuK namoyN ,antaR .artsaS naitileneP kinkeT nad ,edoteM ,iroeT ayaJ akatsuP :atrakaygoY

apeD nad asahaB tasuP 8002 .lanoisaN nakididneP nemetr . sumaK raseB asahaBaisenodnI . atrakaJ : amatU akatsuP aidemarG TP

onojdraS :awaJ mahaP .2991 .A .airaM , awaJ aisunaM pudiH hafaslaF kaugneM.aisenodnI rihkatuM iskiF ayraK taweL naparaH raniS :atrakaJ


631

.5891 .onojraS ,otnakeoS igoloisoS sumaK .ilawajaR VC .atrakaJ .

.3002 .)de( ydneD ,onoguS nredoM aisenodnI artsaS aidepolkisnE . tasuP :atrakaJ.asahaB

.9791 .bocoY ,ojdramuS .aisenodnI artsaS nad takaraysaM ruN .VC :atrakaygoY.ayahaC

.1102 .idrapuS rasaD - laisoS umlI rasaD kabmO :atrakaJ .

.1102 .nawaW ,aytesuS gnasgnaneP SV teberaK .ainamI :atrakaJ .


731

SILUNEP ATADOIB

nakapurem ,ini 7891 teraM 62 atrakaJ narihalek airP

aumes nalutebek gnay araduasreb agit irad usgnub

ikal aynaraduas - aman irebid silunep aggnihes ikal

AMS inmulA nakapurem siluneP .owobarP ihdairtaS

,5002 nuhat natamat atrakaygoY ruhuL idugnaP

bek ikilimem gnay onilaeR nagnapal halebes nakam gnuraw id gnorkgnon naasai

tubesid asaib onilaeR skneoraW isnatnukA nakididneP iduts naktujnalem naidumek .

padahret silunep nagnanesek nad nakiratretek aneraK .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

iduts ek refsnart ai akam ,artsas id gnarakes aggnih 6002 nuhat adap aisenodnI artsaS

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,artsaS satlukaF ,aisenodnI artsaS nasuruJ


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