JMK 214/4 KAJIAN TEKS MELAYU KLASIK

TERPILIH

Telesidang 1 drpd 3 (SA 2014/2015)

Fasilitator:

Dr. Md Khalid B Md Taib

(eMel: khalidtaib456@gmail.com)

TUJUAN KURSUS

Memberi faham tentang pendekatan intrinsik ilmu sastera yg sewajarnya diterap terhadap genre sastera sejarah;

Membezakan antara pendekatan historis yg telah diguna pakai oleh sarjana Orientalis & pendekatan intrinsik yg merujuk kpd worldview pengarang;

Mengapresiasi betapa tingginya bakat kepengaran gan pengarang/ penyususun karya sastera sejarah.

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OBJEKTIF KURSUS Mendedahkan kpd pelajar pendekatan historis

yg telah diterapkan oleh sarjana Orientalis Barat (& mengetahui masalahnya) Rujuk Modul JMK214 (Bab 1, hlm. 1-12, dan Bahan Rujukan yg tersenarai);

Membolehkan pelajar membuat perbandingan antara pendekatan historis & pendekatan intrinsik ilmu sastera perbincangan akan dibawa ke dlm Kursus Intensif;

Supaya pelajar memahami pertalian antara sastera sejarah & kewujudan Islam di Alam Melayu-Nusantara -- perbincangan akan dibawa ke dlm Kursus Intensif

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TEKS-TEKS PILIHAN (i)

1) Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai , hasil resensi oleh Russell Jones (Fajar Bakti, K.L., 1987) berasaskan Raffles Manuscript 67 (1814).

2) Sejarah Melayu, hasil resensi oleh W.G. Shellabear (Fajar Bakti, K.L., 1977) selenggaraan asal disiapkan pd 1896.

3) Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, hasil resensi oleh Siti Hawa Salleh (Penerbit Universiti Malaya, K.L., 1991) selenggaraan asal disiapkan pd 1970.

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TEKS-TEKS PILIHAN (ii)

4) Tuhfat al-Nafis oleh Raja Haji Ali Bin Haji Ahmad (Penyengat, Riau, 1896); disunting oleh Virginia Matheson, berasaskan Maxwell Manuscript 2 & resensinya dalam tesis PhD beliau (di Australian National University).

5) Hikayat Banjar, hasil resensi oleh J.J. Ras, terjemahan Siti Hawa Salleh (Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka,K.L., 1990).

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TEKS-TEKS PILIHAN (iii)

6) Syair Sultan Maulana, diselenggarakan oleh Muhammad Yusoff Hashim (Penerbit Universiti Malaya, K.L., 1980).

7) Hikayat Hang Tuah, diselenggarakan oleh Kassim Ahmad (Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka, K.L., 1976).

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TARIKH-TARIKH PENTING KEDATANGAN ISLAM KE ALAM MELAYU/NUSANTARA (i)

Petikan drpd kajian berjudul Sastera Sejarah in the Malay World: A Structural and Contextual Study of Folkloristic Elements in a Transitional Genre oleh M. Khalid-Taib (University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1981)

A.D. 674 (A.H. 55) Earliest Muslim setlement in East Sumatra (San-Fu-Chi in the Chinese Annals);

A.D. 878-89 (A.H. 265-76) Massacre of Muslims & their Exodus from Canton to peninsular Southeast Asia (Kalah or Kedah in Arabic records);

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TARIKH-TARIKH PENTING KEDATANGAN ISLAM KE ALAM MELAYU/NUSANTARA (ii)

A.D. 1039 (A.H. 431) Champa Kingdom (at Phan-rang) became seat of Java (Leran inscription at Gresik);

A.D. 1112 (A.H. 506) Acheh was Islamized by Sheikh Abdullah Arif (an Arab mubaligh);

A.D. 1204 (A.H. 601) Islam came to northern Sumatra;

A.D. 1282 (A.H. 682) Islam established at Perlak & Samudera (tombstone of Sultan Malik al-Salih);

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TARIKH-TARIKH PENTING KEDATANGAN ISLAM KE ALAM MELAYU/NUSANTARA (iii)

A.D. 1302 (A.H. 702) Islam established at Trengganu (Batu Bersurat Trengganu, bertarikh 22 Februari 1303 Masehi, bersamaan 4 Rejab 702 Hijri);

A.D. 1310 (A.H. 710) Jolo in Sulu Islamized;

A.D. 1345-46 (A.H. 746-47) Ibn Battutas visit; confirmed that Pasai had become Centre of Islamic Learning;

A.D. 1400 (A.H. 803) Java was Islamized by Arab & Persian mubaligh;

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TARIKH-TARIKH PENTING KEDATANGAN ISLAM KE ALAM MELAYU/NUSANTARA (iv)

A.D. 1409 (A.H. 812) Islam established at Melaka;

A.D. 1419 (A.H. 822) Islam strengthened at Gresik (effort of Maulana Malik Ibrahim);

A.D. 1447-51 (A.H. 851-55) Fall of Majapahits Hindu dynasty through conversion of the King & members of his court;

A.D. 1526 (A.H. 933) Complete Islamization of Central-to-Western Java;

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TARIKH-TARIKH PENTING KEDATANGAN ISLAM KE ALAM MELAYU/NUSANTARA (v)

A.D. 1474 (A.H. 874) Melaka & Pasai consolidated as Centres of Islamic Learning & Dakwah activities;

[A.D. 1511 (A.H. 918) ] Fall of Melaka to the Portuguese & dispersal of the Melaka Sultanate;

A.D. 1600 (A.H. 1009) Spread of Islam to the Philippines Archipelago though the efforts of Javanese mubaligh.

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TEKS SASTERA SEJARAH & KONTEKS SEJARAHNYA (i)

Petikan drpd kajian berjudul Sastera Sejarah in the Malay World: A Structural and Contextual Study of Folkloristic Elements in a Transitional Genre oleh M. Khalid-Taib (University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1981)

the sastera sejarah... emerged as part of a literary tradition which flourished between 1350 and 1865 A.D. (p. 119)

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TEKS SASTERA SEJARAH & KONTEKS SEJARAHNYA (ii)

the Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai is possibly the oldest Malay language historiography known to scholars (p. 124)

all in all, 29 manuscripts of the Sejarah Melayu have been identified (p. 125)

the Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa originally existed or was transmitted in the form of 5 manuscripts (p. 132)

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TENTANG KREATIVITI PENGARANG ISTANA DLM MENGHASILKAN KARYA SASTERA SEJARAH

Petikan drpd ABSTRAK kajian berjudul Sastera Sejarah in the Malay World: A Structural and Contextual Study of Folkloristic Elements in a Transitional Genre oleh M. Khalid-Taib (University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1981)

Their manner of using the traditional epithets and nuances of Malay court language reflects a high degree of artistry They subtly included moral lessons and tokens for feudal Malay kings by means of religous (Islamic) visions on the ephemeral nature of this world. Herein lies the enduring message of the sastera sejarah, a genre falling between traditional Malay folklore and creative literature. (p. iv)

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PENDEKATAN INTRINSIK (UMUM) BERASASKAN ILMU SASTERA

Butiran Fakta dalam Naratif yg disampaikan:

o Peristiwa-peristiwa utama & sampingan

o Tempat & Persekitaran (di mana Peristiwa-peristiwa berlaku)

o Waktu & Masa (berlakunya Peristiwa)

Tema & Persoalan

Struktur Naratif

Watak & Perwatakan

Bahasa & Teknik Penceritaan

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ANALISIS INTRINSIK & PERBINCANGAN:

Semasa Telesidang 2 drpd 3 Terhadap/tentang Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai :

Rujuk Modul JMK 214, hlm. 13-33.

Terhadap/tentang Sejarah Melayu :

Rujuk Modul JMK 214, hlm. 34-72.

Terhadap/tentang Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa : Rujuk Modul JMK 214,

hlm. 73-93.

Terhadap/tentang Tuhfat al-Nafis :

Rujuk Modul JMK 214, hlm. 94-127. 16

ANALISIS INTRINSIK & PERBINCANGAN : Semasa Telesidang 3 drpd 3

Terhadap/tentang Hikayat Banjar :

Rujuk Modul JMK 214, hlm. 128-139.

Terhadap/tentang Syair Sultan Maulana :

Rujuk Modul JMK 214, hlm. 140-164.

Terhadap/tentang Hikayat Hang Tuah :

Rujuk Modul JMK 214, hlm. 165-208.

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