PETRONAS TWIN TOWER, KUALA LUMPUR,

MALAYSIA -COBRA TEAM-

Project Manager:Wan MHW Ismail

Team Members:Aernie Othman

Aiza Farina Ainan MarzukiIkhwan Mdtab

KUALA LUMPUR CITY KUALA LUMPUR CITY CENTER, (KLCC) CENTER, (KLCC) MALAYSIAMALAYSIA1) Petronas Twin Tower

2) Concert Hall

3) Suria KLCC Retail Complex

4) Maxis Tower

5) Esso Tower

6) Mandarin Oriental Hotel

7) KLCC Park

8) Mosque

A world landmark in MalaysiaA world landmark in Malaysia

Number of storeys:Number of storeys: 8888 Height:Height: 1,483 feet above 1,483 feet above

street levelstreet level Built-up Area:Built-up Area: 3.7 million 3.7 million

sq. feetsq. feet Design/Architecture:Design/Architecture:

Cesar Pelli, in association Cesar Pelli, in association with KLCC architectswith KLCC architects

Elevators:Elevators: 29 double-deck 29 double-deck high speed passenger lifts in high speed passenger lifts in each tower each tower

Owner : KLCC HoldingsOwner : KLCC Holdings Architects :Architects :

1)1) Cesar Pelli & Associates, IncCesar Pelli & Associates, Inc2)2) Adamson Associates ArchitectsAdamson Associates Architects3)3) RSP Architects Planners & EngineersRSP Architects Planners & Engineers

Main Contractor: Hazama CorporationMain Contractor: Hazama Corporation Planning Manager: Planning Manager: Arlida AriffArlida Ariff Project Managers: Project Managers:

1)1) Hashimah Hashim (Tower 1)Hashimah Hashim (Tower 1)2)2) M.Hilme Hassan (Tower 2)M.Hilme Hassan (Tower 2)

Total Costs of towers : $ 1.6 billionsTotal Costs of towers : $ 1.6 billions

Planning cost : 5 -7 % total costsPlanning cost : 5 -7 % total costs

Everyday costs: $ 0.8 millionsEveryday costs: $ 0.8 millions

Each floor construction costs: $ 2.6 MEach floor construction costs: $ 2.6 M

COSTCOST

March 93 - Excavation work for the foundation began.March 93 - Excavation work for the foundation began. March 94 - Construction began for Tower One. March 94 - Construction began for Tower One. April 94 - Construction began for Tower Two.April 94 - Construction began for Tower Two. 7 Aug 95 - The lifting of the skybridge started.7 Aug 95 - The lifting of the skybridge started. 10 Aug 95 - The skybridge was finally in place.10 Aug 95 - The skybridge was finally in place. 13 Feb 96 – Pinnacles Construction began. 13 Feb 96 – Pinnacles Construction began. 5 Mar 96 – Pinnacle installation completed for Tower 25 Mar 96 – Pinnacle installation completed for Tower 2 11 Mar 96 - Pinnacle installation completed for Tower 111 Mar 96 - Pinnacle installation completed for Tower 1 June 96 - Cladding was completed.June 96 - Cladding was completed. April 96 - Declared as the world's tallest building.April 96 - Declared as the world's tallest building. 31 Aug 99 - Official opening by Prime Minister.31 Aug 99 - Official opening by Prime Minister.

TIMETIME

FoundationFoundation Tower buildingTower building Annex Annex CladdingCladding PinnaclePinnacle

SCOPESCOPEGoal: To be a challenge of the century and to make Malaysia be recognized worldwide

FOUNDATIONFOUNDATION

•Buildings anchored in 55 m of soil for tower basement•Friction piles reinforced by grout •Excavated using combined technique of piling and raft foundation•Bored hole was cleaned and keep intact using water•Concrete was poured to eliminate joints and to get smooth finish

TOWER BUILDINGTOWER BUILDING- Two separate construction teams -> competition- First to use GPS (Global Positioning Satellite)- Built by concrete instead of conventional steel - 1000 people worked on each tower (3 shifts)- Floors up to 73rd Identical & easiest- 4 days to built each floor (Normal – 10 days)

TOWER 1• Led by Japan Hazama Corporation• Started on March 1994 (25 months & 1 week)

TOWER 2• Led by Korea Samsung Engineering Co.• Started on April 1994 (24 months)

ANNEXANNEX Annex construction began Annex construction began

after level 19 (the smaller after level 19 (the smaller part attached to the main part attached to the main tower or a bustle)tower or a bustle)

Build later due to Build later due to difference in weight with difference in weight with the main towerthe main tower

Precision ~ 0.001 mm Precision ~ 0.001 mm 10 levels below was 10 levels below was

checked with every floor checked with every floor completed to make sure completed to make sure how straight the building how straight the building waswas

CLADDINGCLADDING Began as the building Began as the building

reached level 9reached level 9 Materials used- stainless Materials used- stainless

steel extrusion & laminated steel extrusion & laminated glassglass

33000 panels- designed as a 33000 panels- designed as a curtain wall exteriorcurtain wall exterior

Features of the curtain give Features of the curtain give appearance of a flowing appearance of a flowing silver ribbon around the silver ribbon around the buildingbuilding

Constructed using 4-day Constructed using 4-day cycle systemcycle system

PINNACLEPINNACLE 73.5 m high (steel) - The 73.5 m high (steel) - The

world’s tallest buildingworld’s tallest building Tower 1 - building the Tower 1 - building the

pinnacle from both ends, pinnacle from both ends, the pinnacle meet the pinnacle meet halfwayhalfway

Tower 2 - assembled the Tower 2 - assembled the pinnacle piece by piece pinnacle piece by piece until it was completeduntil it was completed

Constructed Constructed simultaneously, Tower simultaneously, Tower Two completed the Two completed the pinnacle six days earlierpinnacle six days earlier

CHALLENGESCHALLENGES Original site plan soil not Original site plan soil not

suitable for foundation – suitable for foundation – irregularities of the Limestone irregularities of the Limestone BedrockBedrock

Leaning tower – based on Leaning tower – based on rumors rumors

Original design was 16 m short Original design was 16 m short than Sears Tower – add than Sears Tower – add pinnaclespinnacles

Completed within the budgeted Completed within the budgeted cost and time scheduledcost and time scheduled

ReferencesReferences

1) http://www.klcc.com.my/Showcase/PTT/ps_ptt_overview.htm

2) http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Petronas_Towers.html

3) http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/cx/?id=100172

4) http://www.skyscraperpicture.com/kualalumpur.htm

5) http://www.structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0000053