Penggunaan Rambut manusia dalam makanan

Zainal Samicho (Prof. Madya Dr.)Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah

Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Dan sesungguhnya telah Kami muliakan anak-anak Adam, Kami angkut mereka di daratan dan di lautan, Kami beri

mereka rezeki dari yang baik-baik dan Kami lebihkan mereka dengan kelebihan yang sempurna atas kebanyakan

makhluk yang telah Kami ciptakan

Surah Al-Israa’ 17, Ayat ke 70

Kefahaman

• Kalaulah ada bahagian manusia diproses semula untuk dijadikan bahan makanan manusia apa tah lagi untuk haiwan apalah ertinya kemuliaan dan kelebihan kesempurnaan manusia berbanding dengan makhluk lain ciptaan Allah

• Sebenarnya banyak lagi rezeki yang baik-baik yang Allah telah sedia adakan untuk manusia

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PROTEIN1. A large group of organic compounds found in all living

organisms

2. Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids joined by peptides bonds

3. Proteins are polymers of amino acids and are referred to as polypeptides.

Protein didalam rambut manusia

• Rambut manusia mengandungi amino asid s.p:

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Essential and nonessential amino acids – Dalam rambut manusia

No. Essential amino acids (indispensable)

No. Nonessential amino acids (dispensable)

1 Histidine 1 Alanine

2 Isoleucine 2 Arginine

3 Leucine 3 Serine

4 Lysine 4 Aspartic acid

5 Methionine 5 Cysteine

6 Phenylalanine 6 Glutamic acid

7 Threonine 7 Tyrosine

8 Valine 8 Glycine

9 Proline

(Robbins and Kelly, 1970)

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Essential amino acidA number are termed essential because they must be included in the diet as they cannot be synthesized in the body

Functions of Essential Amino acids

No Essential amino acids Functions

1 Histidine Helps to develop and maintain healthy tissues particularly myelin sheath. Important to normal sexual functioning due to ability to convert into histamine that stimulate sexual arousal.

2 Isoleucine Necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin, major constituent of red blood cells

3 Leucine Beneficial for skin, bone and tissue wound healing. It promotes growth hormone synthesis

4 Lysine Component of muscle protein, and is needed in the synthesis of enzymes and hormones. It is also a precursor for L-carathine which is essential for healthy nervous system function

5 Methionine Is antioxidant. It helps in breakdown of fats and aids in reducing muscle degeneration. It is also good for healthy skin and nail

6 Phenylalanine Beneficial for healthy nervous system. It boosts memory and learning. It may be useful against depression and suppressing appetite

7 Threonine Help to maintain proper protein balance in our body. It also helps keep connective tissues and muscle strong and elastics. Combine with aspartic acid and methionine to functions as lipotropic in liver (digestions of fat and fatty acids)

8 Tryptophan Synthesis of neurotransmitter serotonin. It helps relieve migraine, depression and insomnia.

9 Valine Essential for muscle development. Side effects of high levels of valine in the body include hallucinations

10 Tyrosine Pprecursor of dopamine, norepinephrine and adrenaline. It enhances positive mood. It is also antioxidant precursor of dopamine, norepinephrine and adrenaline. It enhances positive mood. It is also antioxidant

References:Whitney, E.N., Cataldo, C.B., and Rofles, S.R., (2002) Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition.http://www.dietaryfiberfood.com/amino-acids.php. retrieve in 7 January 2011

Logam berat (Heavy metals)

• Pelumbum (Pb)• Kadmium (Cd)

• Logam tersebut di atas adalah toksik dan boleh menghasilkan kesan toksik jika pengambilannya berlebihan (Minna et al, 1995)

• Logam berat berkebolehan membawa mudarat kepada manusia dengan merosakkan saluran otot jantung, buah pinggang, sistem saraf (Miquel, 2003).

Kandungan pelumbum (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) dalam rambut manusia

Bil Hitung panjang (ppm atau mg/kg)

Maximum(ppm atau mg/kg)

Minimum(ppm atau mg/kg)

Pb 3.20 3.88 (umur 61-75 tahun)

2.67 (umur 10 bulan – 15 tahun)

Cd 0.284 0.406(umur 26-50 tahun)

0.152(umur 10 bulan – 15 tahun)

Sumber: (Trojanowski et al, 2010)

Kandungan pelumbum (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) dalam rambut manusia kategori pengambilan makanan

Bil Kawalan makanan/diet(ppm atau mg/kg)

Makanan daging/produk tenusu(ppm atau mg/kg)

Pb 2.08 3.54

Cd 0.141 0.35

Sumber: (Trojanowski et al, 2010)

Kandungan pelumbum (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) dalam rambut manusia kategori kesihatan manusia

Bil Sihat(ppm atau mg/kg)

Penyakit cardiovascular(ppm atau mg/kg)

Pb 3.05 1.73

Cd 0.257 0.182

Sumber: (Trojanowski et al, 2010)

Kadar maksimum yang dibenarkan bagi cemaran logam dalam makanan tertentu

Bil Makanan Pb(ppm atau mg/kg)

Cd(ppm atau mg/kg)

1 Hasil sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan selain dari jus sayur dan jus buah

0.5 1

2 Sos 2 1

3 Minuman terus 0.2 1

Sumber: (Akta makanan & Peraturan-peraturan makanan, 2010)

Kesimpulan

• Kedudukan yang ketidakpastian halalnya menurut Syariah Islam

• Kemudaratannya mengikut kandungan logam beratnya boleh dipertikaikan

• Rujuk Majalah Infinity, Keluaran Mei 2011

Rujukan

Akta Makanan & Peraturan-Peraturan Makanan 1983 (2010). MDC Publishers Sdn Bhd. Kuala Lumpur

Al-Quran dan Terjemahan (2008). Dar El-Fajr, Kuala Lumpur

Minna, T. Sirpa, P., Markku, A. And Henric, W. (1995). Determination of trace elements by graphite furnace and cold vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after acid digestion. Analytical Chemical Acta.

Miquel, G (2003). Cold vapour atomic fluorescence determination of mercury. Analytical Chemical Acta.

Robbins, C.R. And Kelly, C.H. (1970). Amino acid composition of human hair. Textile Research Journal, 40(10), 891-896

Trojanowski, P., Trojanowski, J., Antonowicz, J. and Bokiniec,M. (2010). Lead and cadmium content in human hair in central pomerania (Northern Poland) . J. Elementol.15(2): 363–384

Whitney, E.N., Cataldo, C.B., and Rofles, S.R., (2002) Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition.http://www.dietaryfiberfood.com/amino-acids.php. retrieve in 7 January 2011