4531/3 SULIT 1

Section A

[28 marks]

Answer all questions.

1 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the resistance,

R, of a wire and the length, L, of the wire.

Diagram 1.1 shows the circuit used in the experiment.

Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan rintangan, R,

bagi seutas dawai dengan panjang, L, bagi dawai itu.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan litar yang digunakan dalam eksperimen itu.

DIAGRAM 1.1 / RAJAH 1.1

The position of the sliding contact is adjusted until the length of the wire in the circuit is, L

= 20.0 cm. The rheostat is adjusted to obtain a suitable current. The current, I and the

potential difference, V across the wire are measured by an ammeter and voltmeter

respectively. Diagram 1.2 shows the readings of the ammeter and voltmeter.

The procedure is repeated for lengths of the wire, L = 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm and 60.0

cm. The corresponding readings of the ammeter and voltmeter are shown in Diagrams 1.3,

1.4, 1.5 and 1.6.

Kedudukan bagi sesentuh gelongsor dilaraskan sehingga panjang dawai dalam litar ialah

L = 20.0 cm. Reostat dilaraskan untuk memperoleh satu nilai arus yang sesuai. Arus, I dan

beza keupayaan, V merentasi dawai itu masing-masing diukur oleh ammeter dan voltmeter.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan bacaan ammeter dan voltmeter.

Prosedur itu diulang bagi panjang dawai, L = 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm dan 60.0 cm.

Bacaan-bacaan sepadan bagi ammeter dan voltmeter ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.3, 1.4,

1.5 dan 1.6.

A

V

Sliding contact / Sesentuh gelongsor

L Wire / Dawai

4531/3 SULIT 2

L = 20.0 cm

DIAGRAM 1.2 / RAJAH 1.2

L = 30.0 cm

DIAGRAM 1.3 / RAJAH 1.3

A

V

V

A

4531/3 SULIT 3

L = 40.0 cm

DIAGRAM 1.4 / RAJAH 1.4

L = 50.0 cm

DIAGRAM 1.5 / RAJAH 1.5

A

V

A

V

4531/3 SULIT 4

L = 60.0 cm

DIAGRAM 1.6 / RAJAH 1.6

(a) For the experiment described on page 3, identify:

Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan di halaman 3, kenal pasti:

(i) the manipulated variable,

pembolehubah dimanipulasikan,

……………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

(ii) the responding variable,

pembolehubah bergerak balas,

……………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

(iii) a fixed variable.

satu pembolehubah dimalarkan.

……………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

A

V

4531/3 SULIT 5

(b) What is the use of the strip of mirror next to the scale of the voltmeter?

Apakah kegunaan jalur cermin di sebelah skala voltmeter itu?

…….……………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

(c) Based on Diagrams 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 on pages 4 and 5, determine the current,

I and potential difference, V for the corresponding lengths of wire, L.

For each value of L, calculate the resistance, R of the wire.

The resistance, R, is calculated using the formula, I

VR

Tabulate your results for L, I, V and R in the space below.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6 di halaman 4 dan 5, tentukan arus, I,

beza keupayaan, V, yang sepadan dengan panjang dawai, L.

Rintangan, R, dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus, I

VR

Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi L, I, V dan R pada ruang di bawah.

[5 marks]

(d) On the graph paper on Page 7, plot a graph of R against L.

Pada kertas graf di halaman 7, lukiskan graf R melawan L.

[5 marks]

(e) Based on your graph, state the relationship between R and L.

Berdasarkan graf anda, nyatakan hubungan antara R dan L.

…….……………………………………………………………………………….

4531/3 SULIT 6

[1 mark]

(f) State one precaution that should be taken to obtain accurate readings of V.

Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk mendapatkan bacaan

V yang lebih jitu.

…….……………………………………………………………………………….

…….……………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

4531/3 SULIT 7

2. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the

velocity of sound wave, v and air temperature ,T.

Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan diantara

Halaju bunyi , dengan suhu udara T.

The results of the experiment are shown in the graph of v 2 against T in Figure 2.1.

Keputusan eksperimen itu ditunjukkan oleh graf v 2 lawan T, pada Rajah 2.1

(a ) Based on the graph in Diagram 2.1.

Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 2.1

(i) State the relationship between v and T ?

Nyatakan hubungan antara v dengan T?

………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

(ii) determine the value of v when T = 0 C

Show on the graph , how you determine the value of v

Tentukan nilai v apabila T =0 C

Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan nilai v

v = …………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

4531/3 SULIT 8

DIAGRAM 2.1

b) The specific heat capacity of air c , is given by the formula c = k

1

where k is the gradient of the graph.

Muatan haba tentu bagi udara,c diberi oleh rumus c = k

1

dimana k ialah kecerunan graf.

i) Calculate the gradient of the graph , k, of v 2 against T.

Show on the graph how you determine the gradient.

Hitungkan kecerunan bagi graf, k , v 2 melawan M.

Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan kecerunan itu.

4531/3 SULIT 9

k = …………………………………….

[3 marks]

(ii) Determine the value, c, of the air

Tentukan nila c bagi udara.

c =………………………….. [2 marks ]

(c) Determine the sound wave velocity in the air , v, if the temperature of air = 300C

Show on the graph , how you determine the value of v.

Tentukan halaju gelombang bunyi di udara , v, jika suhu udara = 300C

Tunjukkan di atas graf bagaimana anda menentukan nilai v.

[ 3 marks]

(c) Determine the sound wave velocity in the air , v, if the temperature of air = 300C

Show on the graph , how you determine the value of v.

Tentukan halaju gelombang bunyi di udara , v, jika suhu udara = 300C

Tunjukkan di atas graf bagaimana anda menentukan nilai v.

[ 3 marks]

(d) State one precaution that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the readings in this

experiment.

Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga- jaga yang boleh diambil untuk memperbaiki ketepatan

bacaan dalam ekperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

4531/3 SULIT 10

Section A

Bahagian A

[28 marks]

[28 markah]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between object distance, u

and image distance, v, of a convex lens of focal length, f,. The apparatus is set up as shown in

Diagram 1.1

Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara jarak objek,

u dan jarak imej, v bagi kanta cembung yang mempunyai panjang fokus, f. Radas

disediakan seperti Rajah 1.1.

At first, an object is placed at an object distance, u = 20.0 cm. The bulb lights up. The screen is

adjusted until a sharpeimage is formed.

Pada mulanya satu objek diletakkan pada jarak objek, u = 20.0 cm. Mentol kemudiannya

menyala. Skrin dilaraskan sehingga satu imej yang tajam terbentuk.

The step is repeated using u = 25.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 35.0 cm and 40.0 cm. The image distance, v is

determined by reading directly from the metre rule as shown in Diagram 1.2.

Langkah ini diulangi dengan u = 25.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 35.0 cm dan 40.0 cm. Jarak imej, v

kemudiannya dibaca terus dari pembaris meter seperti dalam Rajah 1.2.

DIAGRAM 1.1

RAJAH 1.1

Convex lens

Kanta cembung

Light bulb

mentol

Sharp image

Imej tajam

screen

skrin

Metre rule

Pembaris meter

Object

Objek

v

u

4531/3 SULIT 11

Image distance, v for different object distance, u is shown in the Diagrams 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 1.6 and

1.7.

Jarak imej pada jarak objek berlainan ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 dan 1.7.

0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

v

Diagram 1.2

0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 57 58 59 60 62 63 64 65 66 21

Diagram 1.3

Object distance, u = 20.0 cm Image distance, v = …………………..

Jarak objek, u = 20.0 cm Jarak imej, v = ..…………………

screen

skrin

screen

skrin

Convex lens

Kanta cembung

Convex lens

Kanta cembung

4531/3 SULIT 12

0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 34 35 36 37 38 40 41 42 43 21

Diagram 1.4

Object distance, u = 25.0 cm Image distance, v = …………………..

Jarak objek, u = 25.0 cm Jarak imej, v = ..…………………

Convex lens

Kanta cembung

0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 21

Diagram 1.5

Object distance, u = 30.0 cm Image distance, v = …………………..

Jarak objek, u = 30.0 cm Jarak imej, v = ..…………………

screen

skrin Convex lens

Kanta cembung

4531/3 SULIT 13

(a) For the experiment described above, identify:

Daripada penerangan eksperimen di atas, kenalpasti:

(i) The manipulated variable

Pembolehubah manipulasi

…………………………………………………………………………

screen

skrin

0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 19 20 21

Diagram 1.6

Object distance, u = 35.0 cm Image distance, v = …………………..

Jarak objek, u = 35.0 cm Jarak imej, v = ..…………………

Convex lens

Kanta cembung

0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21

Diagram 1.7

Object distance, u = 40.0 cm Image distance, v = …………………..

Jarak objek, u = 40.0 cm Jarak imej, v = ..…………………

screen

skrin Convex lens

Kanta cembung

4531/3 SULIT 14

[1 mark]

(ii) The responding variable

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

……………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(iii) The constant variable

Pembolehubah dimalarkan

……………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(b) Based on the methods shown in Diagram 1.2, determine the image distance, v, in

Diagrams 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7.

Berdasarkan kaedah yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.2, tentukan jarakimej, v, pada

Rajah 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 dan 1.7.

Tabulate your results for u, v, u

1 and

v

1in the space below.

Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi u, v, u

1 dan

v

1 pada ruang di bawah.

[7 marks]

(c) On the graph paper, plot a graph of v

1against

u

1.

Pada kertas graf, lukiskan graf v

1melawan

u

1.

[5 marks]

(d) Based on your graph, state the relationship between v

1 and

u

1.

Berdasarkan graf anda, nyatakan perhubungan di antara v

1 dan

u

1.

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(a)(i)(ii)(iii)

(b)

(c)

(d)

4531/3 SULIT 15

Graph of v

1 against

u

1 / Graf

v

1 lawan

u

1

4531/3 SULIT 16

2 A student carries out an experiment to study the interference of sound waves. He wants to

investigate the relationship of the distance between two coherent sources of sound waves, a,

and the distance between two consecutives of constructive interference, x. The distance

between the location where the sound is detected, D, is 5 m. The results of the experiment is

shown in the graph of x against a

1as in Diagram 2.1.

Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji fenomena interferens

gelombang bunyi. Beliau ingin mengkaji hubungan antara jarak antara dua sumber

gelombang bunyi yang koheren, a dan jarak pemisahan dua garis antinod yang

bersebelahan, x. Jarak di antara dua sumber gelombang koheren ke tempat yang diukur, D

ialah 5 m. Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam graf x melawan a

1 seperti ditunjukkan

dalam Rajah 2.1.

(a) Based on the graph in diagram 2.1.

Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 2.1

.

(i) State the relationship between x and a.

Nyatakan hubungan antara x dan a.

………………………………………………………………………………...

[ 1 mark]

(ii) Determine the value of x if a = 4 m.

Show on the graph, how you determined the value of x.

Tentukan nilai x jika a = 4 m.

Tunjukkan pada graf, bagaimana anda perolehi nilai x.

[3 marks]

(b) The wavelength of sound waves, λ, is given by the equation

Panjang gelombang, λ bagi gelombang bunyi yang digunakan, boleh diperolehi melalui

persamaan

(i) Calculate the gradient of the graph x against a

1.

Show on the graph how you determine the gradient.

λ = D

ax

(a)(i)

(a)(ii)

4531/3 SULIT 17

Kira nilai kecerunan graf x melawan a

1.

Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda memperolehi nilai kecerunan.

[ 3 marks]

(ii) By using equation λ = D

ax and the value of the gradient obtained in b (i), calculate

the wavelength of sound waves, λ, used in this experiment.

Dengan menggunakan persamaan dan nilai kecerunan yang diperolehi di b(i),

kira panjang gelombang, λ bagi gelombang bunyi yang digunakan dalam

eksperimen.

[3 marks]

(c) State two precaution steps that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment.

Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil bagi meningkatkan kejituan

keputusan eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 2 marks]

(b)(i)

(b)(ii)

(c)

4531/3 SULIT 18

Graph of x against a

1

x / m

a

1/m

-1

0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

4531/3 SULIT 19

3 A customer at a pet shop was observing the bubbles of air coming out of an air stone. He

noticed that the bubbles were smaller in size when they emerged from the stone but

become larger as they approached the surface of the water as shown in Figure 3.

Seorang pelanggan di kedai menjual ikan hiasan memerhatikan gelembung-gelembung

udara keluar daripada batu udara. Beliau mendapati, gelembung-gelembung udara

tersebut bersaiz kecil semasa keluar daripada batu udara, tetapi semakin membesar

apabila mendekati permukaan air ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah 3.

DIAGRAM 3.1

(c) With the use of apparatus such as a Bourdon gauge, syringe and other apparatus,

describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b).

Dengan menggunakan radas seperti tolok Bourdon, picagari dan lain-lain radas,

terangkan satu rangka eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 3(b).

4. Diagram 3.1, shows a man in the boat observed an object in the water during low tide.

Diagram 3.2 shows the man observed the same object during high tide. He discovered that

the distance of the image of the object from the surface of the water had decreased. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan seorang lelaki memerhati satu objek didalam airketika air surut.

Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan lelaki yang sama memerhati satu objek didalam air ketika air pasang. Dia

mendapati jarak imej bagi objek dan permukaan air telah berkurangan.

Diagram 3.1

Diagram 3.2 Rajah 3.1

Rajah 3.2

4531/3 SULIT 20

(c) With the aid of apparatus and materials such as a tall beaker, pin, metre rule and other

apparatus describe the experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in

3(b).

Dengan menggunakan radas seperti sebuah bikar yang tinggi, pin-pin dan radas lain,

terangkan eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 3(b)

5. Diagram 4.1 shows a filament lamp with thick and coiled tungsten wire.

Diagram 4.2 shows a filament lamp with thin and coiled tungsten wire which produced

brighter light. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan lampu filamen dengan dawai tungsten yang nipis dan bergegelung.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan lampu filament dengan dawai tungsten yang tebal dan bergegelung yang

menghasilkan cahaya yang lebih cerah.

Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2 Rajah 4.1 Rajah 4.2

(c) With the use of apparatus such as a rheostat, constantan wire and the other apparatus,

describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4 (b). Dengan menggunakan radas seperti reostat, wayar konstantan dan lain-lain radas yang

sesuai, terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan

dalam 3(b).

6 Diagram 3 shows two similar catapults A and B which are applied with the force of 10 N

and 20 N respectively.

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3 c) With the use of apparatus such as spring, retort stand and the other apparatus, describe an

experimental framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b).

Nitrogen gas at

low pressure

Tungsten wire ,

thick and coiled

Tungsten wire ,

thin and coiled

Nitrogen gas at

low pressure

Catapult A / Lastik A Catapult B / Lastik B