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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Xag`nvka# @g`gvnxnk lnk J 82 X R@O

@o|n xgavnkj# xwn|w jacakjnk# xwn|w rnk|no |gvcncw loxonxon`nk# lnkfnm`nk lnk ynkj |oln` fgvxncnmo`w| lo|nkj`nr# lofwkwm lnk

lojnkynkj# n`nk ln|nkj zn`|wkyn igvg`n n`nk fnkj`o| `gifnco lnk

igifncnx lgklnikyn

-Xag`nvka# >8 Lgxgifgv >?57/

\vnjglo rgifnk|nonk lo |nmwk >?57 ynkj lorohw Jgvn`nk 82 Xgr|gifgv fnjo fnkjxn

Oklakgxon igvwrn`nk xgfwnm cw`n xgdnvnm ynkj |n` `wkdwkj xgifwm+ Fg`nx cw`n ynkj fgjo|w

igklncni o|w inxom |g|nr igkjnkjn lnk lnvnmkyn igkjgknj lo lncni `gxnlnvnk xgdnvnm lnk

igiavo `acg`|oe inxynvn`n|+ Cw`n xgdnvnm o|w |gvkyn|n |n` dnvnkj igkoifwc`nk xo`nr)xo`nr

ynkj `ak|vn rvalw`|oe |gvmnlnr rvaxgx rgifnkjwknk rgvnlnfnk fnkjxn+ Rnln |nkjjnc >?57 ynkj lorgv`ovn`nk

igin`nk `avfnk xn|w dw|n avnkj+ Lon`wokyn fnmzn xgfnjonk fgxnv ynkj |wvw| lncni

rgkjjnkynkjnk `nwi `aiwkox rnln |nmwk >?57 nlncnm nkjja|n KW xgv|n wklgvfawzkyn+ On

dwjn igifgvo lw`wkjnk xgrgkwmkyn `grnln rgkygcglo`nk igkjgkno rgifwkwmnk)

rgifwkwmnk inxxnc ynkj locn`w`nk acgm `gcaira`)`gcaira` ynkj inkn rwk lnvo

inxynvn`n| inlnko+

Rgvkyn|nnk o|w `giwlonk locnkdw|`nk lgkjnk xgvwnk |gk|nkj rgvcwkyn lohnfw| `g|g|nrnk IRV

Ka ]]U!>?55 |gk|nkj cnvnkjnk igirgcndnvo# igkygfnv`nk# lnk igkjninc`nk ndnvnk

`aiwkoxig!inv}oxig)cgkokoxig+ Lncni \nr IRV Ka ]]U!>?55# Rvgxolgk Nflwvvnmink

Znmol igcomn| lnvo `nhnin|n Lgia`vnxo lnk Mn` Ntnxo Inkwxon+ Rgvox|ozn o|w xgklovo

|gvdnlo 87 |nmwk ynkj cncw# lncni gvn vgeavinxo xg`nvnkj# xwlnm |ofn xnn|kyn fnjo xgiwn

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

wkxwv wk|w` fgvxn|w igifnkjwk Oklakgxon+ Zwdwl znhnkn ynkj lo|nznv`nk xnkj Rvgxolgk

nlncnm vg`akxoconxo+ Vwrnkyn xgdwicnm `gcaira` inxynvn`n| igkgk|nkj wxwcnk

Nflwvvnmink Znmol xanc rgkhnfw|nk \nr ]]U!IRVX!>?55# ynkj igvwrn`nk rvalw` ynkj

cnmov |oln` cnin xg|gcnm rgvox|ozn |vnjox o|w+ @gkyn|nnk o|w igkwkdw``nk xgfnjno xgfwnm

nkainco vgeavinxo# `g|o`n xgcwvwm gcgigk fnkjxn xglnkj igcn`w`nk wrnyn lg`ak|vw`xo

loxnkn)xoko n|nx xgjncn fgk|w` znvoxnk racn ro`ov lnk xo`nr raco|o` Avlg Fnvw# |gvkyn|n lncni

mnc rgkhnfw|nk |nr ]]U!IRVX!>?55 inxynvn`n| fgvxo`nr xgrgv|o ynkj lo lg`ak|vw`xo+

N`ofn| vnxn `g|n`w|nk ynkj cnmov lnvo xgdnvnm |vnjox `gmolwrnk fnkjxn |gvkyn|n igcnmov`nk

xo`nr ynkj fgvxgfgvnkjnk lgkjnk xginkjn| vgeavinxo ynkj xglnkj lojncn``nk fgvfnjno

xg`|av `gmolwrnk fnkjxn# |gvw|nin wk|w` igifnkjwk `gxnlnvnk molwr fgv`gfnkjxnnk ynkj

fnvw+ Igcomn| rvn`|g` xginhni o|w# |gvkyn|n `gmolwrnk fnkjxn foxn xndn igkdnlo |nigkj

`grgk|okjnk `gcaira` |gv|gk|w ynkj fgvxoen| xgigk|nvn+ Xgigk|nvn gcgigk `aiwko|nx xaxonc

fnkjxn ynkj cnok# ynkj igklnrn| n`ofn| xgfnjno |mg a|mgvlncni xgdnvnm# lonfno`nk )) fnm`nk

iwkj`ok lomocnkj`nk lnvo rnkjjwkj xgdnvnm+ Rgvjacn`nk igiavo xgdnvnm xaxonc)raco|o`

|gvkyn|n igkdnlo hw`wr rgk|okj+ Vgtoi Avlg Fnvw |gcnm igkwkdw``nk xgcnin `g`wnxnnkkyn

igvg`n |gcnm fgjo|w hgvlo` iginkenn|`nk iaigk)iaigk |vnjox `gmolwrnk fnkjxn ))

Rgvox|ozn J 82 X)) wk|w` igcgx|nvo`nk rocnv)rocnv `g`wnxnnk Avlg Fnvw# yn`ko laioknk

ioco|gv |gvmnlnr `gmolwrnk xoroc# xgv|n raco|o` vgrvgxoe ynkj loolgk|o``nk lgkjnk x|nfoco|nx+

Xgdnvnm ynkj lomnxoc`nk acgm lavakjnk cgjo|oinxo igkjnklwkj vg`nynxn)vg`nynxn ynkj

`nlnkj`ncn nmox|avox+ Xgdnvnm ynkj lo|wcox lnvo rgvxrg`|oe |wkjjnc lnk `grgk|okjnk |wkjjnc#

nrncnjo `ncnw londnv`nk xgfnjno in|gvo zndof lo xg`acnm)xg`acnm lnk rgvjwvwnk |okjjo |gk|w

xndn igkdwvwx rnln rgifalamnk xgdnvnm+ Mgjgiaky ae ignkokjigirwkyno `ghgklgvwkjnk

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

igkonln`nk `gnfxnmnk rgv|nkynnk# mnkyn igifgvo`nk `grwnxnk xgiw# |g|nro |oln`

igkacakj lncni wxnmn rgkhnvo `gnvoenk+ Xgdnvnm |n` okjok lnk |oln` igirwkyno mn` wk|w`

igifgvo`nk dnznfnk ynkj eoknc# fnm`nk xgdnvnm cgfom hgklgvwkj igifw`n rgv|nkynnk)

rgv|nkynnk |nkrn mgk|o+ Rgvjacn`nk xgdnvnm xaxonc)raco|o` xwn|w fnkjxn igkdnlo xglgio`onk

rgk|okj+ Rnln xn|w xoxo on igcnmov`nk cgjo|oinxo wk|w` igklw`wkj x|n|wx ~wa+ Lo xoxo cnok on

xgfgknvkyn lnrn| igkdnlo `g`wnxnnk xwn|w fnkjxn wk|w` igifnkjwk `gifnco rgvnlnfnk

fnkjxn+ Rgvxancnkkyn nlncnm fnjnoinkn hnvnkyn 1

Rnln loko mnvo > A`|afgv >?57# `airca|nk rgkhwco` fgvjgvn` igkhwco` xgdwicnm dgklvnc+

Igvg`n igcn`w`nk xgvnkjnk fgjo|w igklnln` xgmokjjn lgkjnk iwlnm igcwirwm`nk

rgkjnznc vwinm rnvn dgklvnc ynkj n`nk lohwco`+ Rnvn dgklvnc o|w lornkjjoc acgm Rvgxolgk

Xag`nvka njnv xgjgvn `g Ox|nkn Igvlg`n+ @airca|nk o|w igkjmnfoxo Nhminl _nko# I\

Mnvyaka# L+ O+ Rnkdno|nk# lnk Xag|aya lofwkwm lo Cwfnkj Fwnyn+ N+ M+ Knxw|oak cacax lnvo

xgvjnrnk lgkjnk igcairn|o rnjnv vwinm lnk igkdn|wm`nk lovo lnvo mncnink `glw|nnk Ovn`+

Nlg Ovin Xwvynko# rw|gvo `glwn Nflwc Mnvox Knxw|oak |gv|gifwx rgcwvw rnln rwkjjwkjkyn

lnk coin mnvw `giwlonk igkokjjnc lwkon+ Cg||w Rogvg \gklgnk# ndwlnk N+ M+ Knxw|oak ynkj

loxnkj`n N+ M Knxw|oak lofnzn `g |vw` lnk lofwkwm lo inv`nx `airca|nk+ Xgdn` rnjo mnvo >

A`|afgv >?57# xo|wnxo lo Dn`nv|n xnkjn| |gjnkj lnk xgvfn |oln` igkgk|w+ Mnkyn xgdwicnm

`ghoc avnkj |nmw xonrn |gcnm igkhwco` rnvn dgklvnc igx`orwk fgfgvnrn rgkhwco` lnrn| lo`gknco

lnvo xgvnjni `gxn|wnk igvg`n rgkjnznc Ox|nkn @grvgxolgknk+ Avnkj)avnkj ynkj igkjg|nmwo

rgkhwco`nk xnin xg`nco |oln` |nmw loinkn rnvn dgklvnc o|w fgvnln# fnjnoinkn knxof igvg`n#

nrncnjo cn|nv fgcn`nkj `gdnlonk ynkj lvnin|ox o|w+ Rgkjwiwink Cg|knk @acakgc Wk|wkj

igifgvo oxynvn| n|nx nrn ynkj |gcnm |gvdnlo+

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Lo cnrnkjnk Igvlg`n lo|girn|`nk lwn fn|ncyak ynkj fgv`g`wn|nk xg`o|nv >222 avnkj+

Igvg`n nlncnm nkjja|n lnvo fn|ncyak 7

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

fnm`nk |oln` |nmw hnvn igkjjwkn`nk xgkdn|n+ Xgfnjonk fgxnv |oln` xgirn| igkjjwkn`nk

xgkdn|n ynkj lofnjo`nk mokjjn igvg`n `nfwv n|nw lo|nkj`nr+ \nkjjnc 6 A`|afgv Mncoi xwlnm

fgvnln lo |nkjnk Nkj`n|nk Lnvn| lnk `g`wn|nk ioco|gv Jgvn`nk 82 xgr|gifgv lo Dn`nv|n

xwlnm lnrn| lorn|nm`nk+

Xgcnkj xgmnvo lnvo jgvn`nk Wk|wkj hx# Lovg`|wv Rgkgvnkjnk NL# Fvojdgk Xwjnklmo igifgvo

ox|ocnm Jgx|nrw |gvmnlnr rgvox|ozn |gvfwkwmkyn xgdwicnm dgklvnc+ Ox|ocnm Jgx|nrw igvwrn`nk

`grgklg`nk lnvo Jgvn`nk 82 Xgr|gifgv+ Ox|ocnm oko igkjokjn|`nk rnln `gdnmn|nk racoxo

vnmnxon Knto Mo|cgv+ Ox|ocnm Jgx|nrw oko lohwvojno `ncnkjnk n`nlgioxo xgfnjno wrnyn `gcaira`

|gk|nvn wk|w` igiada` R@O xgfnjno iaia` ynkj igkn`w|`nk+ Ox|ocnm Jgx|nrw lonkj`n| acgm

rnvn rgigknkj wk|w` igkwkdw``nk ofcox Avlg Cnin# lnvoinkn fnkjxn o|w `giwlonk

loxgcnin|`nk+ Ofcox xnkj iwxwm nlncnm Jgx|nrw!R@O n|nw J 82 X!R@O+ Xgdn` |nmwk >?55+

Ox|ocnm Jgx|nrw iwkhwc wk|w` igknklno inxn `nhnw lnk mwvw mnvn+ Xgfnco`kyn# Xwrgvxginv

igknklno x|nfoco|nx lnk |n|n |gv|of+ Lwn xoxo `nhn -ohakx/ kgjnvn Avlg Fnvw# yno|w Iakwigk

Rnkhnxocn Xn`|o ynkj lofnkjwk lo n|nx xwifgv Cwfnkj Fwnyn |girn| |wfwm |wdwm dgklvnc ynkj

lo|giw`nk rnln A`|afgv >?57# lnk la`wigk Xwrgvxginv xgklovo# igkgjnx`nk mnc oko+

Xag`nvka fgvwxnmn igirarwcgv`nk ox|onm Jgx|a` lnvo rgvox|ozn |gvxgfw|+ Nln ynkj igklwjn

ox|ocnm Jgx|a` `nvgkn Xag`nvka okjok igkjjnk|o`nk n`vakoi Jgx|nrw lgkjnk in`xwl

igkonln`nk rgkyninnk nk|nvn |gvav Knto ynkj igifgho`nk o|w+ \g|nro xgfnf o|w `wvnkj

rgk|okj lofnklokj`nk lnvo |oifwckyn `gxnk nlnkyn Hawr -Jgx|nrw/ lnk Hawr fncnxnk

-Jgx|a`/ lnk Xag`nvka xgklovo xgfnjno rgkak|ak ynkj |oln` fgvxncnm+ Xag`nvka igkjndw`nk

fw`|o fnmzn `nvgkn rgvox|ozn o|w |gvdnlo rnln |nkjjnc > A`|afgv in`n xgxwkjjwmkyn

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

rgvox|ozn |gvxgfw| mnvwx loknin`nk Jgvn`nk Xn|w A`|afgv+ Xghnvn |g`kox Xag`nvka fgknv#

|g|nro `airca|nk o|w xgklovo ynkj igknin`nkkyn Jgvn`nk 82 Xgr|gifgv xgrgv|o lncni

rgkjwhnrnk lnvo Wk|wkj hx+ Ox|ocnm Jgx|a` foxn igifgvo rgknexovnk rnln rgvgfw|nk

`g`wnxnnk ynkj locn`w`nk \KO)NL# |gvw|nin acgm Xagmnv|a# rnln |nkjjnc > A`|afgv yno|w

Hawr fncnxnk+ Ox|ocnm Jgx|a` |oln` rgvknm lorn`no xgdn` Xagmnv|a igkgvnkj`nk rgv|nvwkjnk

raco|o` `nvgkn fgv`aka|nxo Xagmnv|a igcn`w`nk Hawr fnvw+

Ugvxo ynkj fgvxwifgv lnvo Xagmnv|a lnk Rgigvok|nm NX igkgvnkj`nk fnmzn |nmwk >?57

jacakjnk `ovo igkygvnkj jacakjnk `nknk -loknin`nk `wlg|n Jgx|nrw/# ynkj igifnzn

rgvwfnmnk `g`wnxnnk lnk `giwlonk igifgvxom jacakjnk `ovo xgfnjno mw`wink acgm

jacakjnk |gkjnm+ Xgfnco`kyn ugvxo ynkj fgvfgln igkyn|n`nk rgvox|ozn |gvxgfw| |gvfnjo

lncni 8 |nmnr+ Jgx|nrw -`wlg|n xnynr `ovo jnlwkjnk/# @NR Jgx|nrw ynkj igvwrn`nk

|okln`nk fncnxnk lgkjnk igifwkwm R@O xghnvn inxxnc lnk rgkjo`oxnk xghnvn |gvwx igkgvwx

`g`wnxnnk Xag`nvka ynkj inxom |gvxoxn+ Jgx|nrw mnkyncnm |nmnr rgv|nin `wr jacakjnk

rgv|nin -Xagmnv|a hx/ lnvo xwn|w jacakjnk `nknk+ Lgkjnk hnvn fgvrwvn)rwvn# igcn`w`nk

`wlg|n Jgx|nrw jacakjnk `nknk Nkj`n|nk Lnvn| -Xagmnv|a hx/ |gcnm igcgkynr`nk vounc

igvg`n lo `ncnkjnk Nkj`n|nk Lnvn| -Nminl _nko hx/+ Igvg`n igvok|ox dncnk igkwdw

rgkwirnxnk jacakjnk `ovo ynkj |gcnm cnin lorgvxonr`nk+

Ox|ocnm J 82 X!R@O igvwrn`nk ox|ocnm vgxio ynkj lorgvjwkn`nk rgigvok|nm vgxio Avlg Fnvw+

Fnm`nk lofn`w`nk lncni fw`w xgdnvnm vgxio+ Nln ynkj igkjnkjjnr ox|ocnm |gvxgfw| cgfom

igvwrn`nk wrnyn igiuakox Jgvn`nk Wk|wkj hx xgfnjno xgfwnm jgvn`nk vgxio lnvo R@O ynkj

igzn`oco okx|o|wxo rnv|no+ Fgvlnxnv`nk rgkgco|onk lo`g|giw`nk fnmzn xgcnok `gfcokjgvnk

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

rgioirok R@O -xgfnjnoinkn lo`n|n`nk Xag`nka/ |gvkyn|n nln xgfwnm `akxrovnxo iw|wncox

LK Nolo| lnk Xdni lgkjnk `gcaira` rgvzovn NL+ Rgigvok|nm Avlg Fnvw |gcnm igkgvfo|`nk

xgdwicnm fw`w ynkj igkdgcnx`nk |gk|nkj rgvox|ozn fgvlnvnm+ Ugvxo rgigvok|nm Avlg Fnvw

lgkjnk |gjnx igkyn|n`nk fnmzn lncnkj Jgvn`nk 82 Xgr|gifgv nlncnm R@O+ Igkwvw| fw`w

rw|om Avlg Fnvw# rgkjjgvn` w|nin nlncnm Fova `mwxwx R@O ynkj lofgk|w` acgm HH R@O rnln

|nmwk >?5< lgkjnk |gjnx |gvw|nin igcn`w`nk rgkywxwrnk `g lncni |wfwm NFVO+ Fova

`mwxwx oko fgvxoen| vnmnxon xgmokjjn lo`ncnkjnk R@O xgklovo |oln` igkjg|nmwo xghnvn |gvfw`n

`gfgvnlnnk fova oko+ Fova `mwxwx oko loroirok acgm Xdni nconx @niwvvntnink fok Iw|ncof

ynkj fgv|nkjjwkj dnznf `grnln `g|wn HH R@O# LK Nolo|+

Xgfgknvkyn Xdni xgvokj lo|wlwm xgfnjno njgk \KO)NL ynkj igkywxwr `glncni |wfwm R@O

n|nw njgk jnkln \KO)NL lnk R@O+ \gvcgfom @niwvvntnink fok Iw|ncof# Xagmnv|a lnk LK+

Nolo| nlncnm nkjja|n lox`wxo `gcaira` Rn|ma` ynkj fgvncovnk Xaxoncox rnln |nmwk >?

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?

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

@g`gvnxnk inxxnc ynkj |gvdnlo fgjo|w igkgk|w`nk fnjo `akxacolnxo lnk rgvcwnxnk `g`wnxnnk

kgjnvn lo fnznm vgdoi Avlg Fnvw ynkj igkjokjok`nk inxynvn`n| ynkj cgfom |gvn`mov lnk

cgfom rgk|okj igkwdw `g rgifnkjwknk g`akaio+ On igioco`o |ojn |wdwnk rgk|okj+ ->/

Rgkjmnkhwvnk roioroknk R@O lnk rgkjmnkhwvnk x|vw`|wv)x|vw`|wv `nlgv inxxnkyn# -6/ On

igkjgcwnv`nk rgvokjn|nk |n` nln |nklokjnkkyn `grnln igvg`n ynkj okjok igkgk|nkj gco|g

rgkjwnxn fnvw oko lnk -8/ On igkhor|n`nk rgiw|wxnk xgdnvnm xghnvn lvnin|o`# rgiw|wxnk

xgfnf olgacajo mgjgiako`+ Xox|gi kgjnvn lgkjnk xghnvn vgxio igvnyn`nk > A`|afgv xgfnjno

Mnvo @gxn`|onk Rnkhnxocn+ Rgifnk|nonk igifgvo`nk ioco|gv `g`wnxnnk kgjnvn ynkj nirwm

lnk `gdo+ Rgkjn`wnk `g`gvnxnk nlncnm rgk|okj njnv `akxacolnxo `g`wnxnnk kgjnvn lnk

lo|nkjnk vgdoi Avlg Fnvw rnx n Jgx|nrw+ Wxnmn igvgfw| `g`wnxnnk rnln 82 Xgr|gifgv

>?57 lnk rgifwkwmnk : rgvzovn iocco|gv igifgvo`nk `gnfxnmnk wk|w` xghnvn eoxo`

igifoknxn`nk R@O lnk xg`w|wkyn+ On `giwlonk igkjmnxoc`nk rgifnk|nonk xgfnjno fncnx

lgklni wiwi+ Oko xgiwn igkdnlo rvaxgx ynkj igifw`n dncnk loinkn rgifnk|nonk ynkj

lojncnkj acgm kgjnvn lnk locn`xnkn`nk acgm jnfwkjnk rgkjnvnmnk kgjnvn lnk xgk|oigk

inxynvn`n|+ @nvgkn o|w# x`ncn `g`gvnxnk inxxnc n|nx nkjja|n R@O fgvxgv|n xoirn|oxnkkyn o|w

xgn`nk)n`nk xgfnjno rgkj`monkn|nk lnk `nvgknkyn on mnvwx fgv|nkjjwkj dnznf xgklovo

`g`gvnxnk o|w+ N`movkyn# `g`gvnxnk rnln jocovnkkyn igkjmnxoc`nk kgjnvn ynkj fgvjnk|wkj

rnln ioco|gv wk|w` igkdnjn |n|n |gv|of lnk igiwkj`ok`nk `g`wnxnnk kgjnvn fova`vn|o`

ioco|gv+

Dwcog Xaw|zaal lnk Rn|voh` Ecnknjnk# Oklakgxon4 Cnz# Rvarnjnkln nkl \gvav->?=6/# xgfwnm

x|wlo igkjgkno `g`gvnxnk raco|o` lo Oklakgxon lnk igkyn|n`nk4

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>2

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Rgifnk|nonk Oklakgxon rnln lnxnvkyn igvwrn`nk rvayg` rgifwkwmnk xghnvn

xox|gin|o` |nkrn rnklnkj fwcw+ Xwn|w rvayg` fgvnv|o igioco`o |wdwnk# hnvn lnk

rgv|nkjjwkj dnznf+ On xox|gin|o` `nvgkn roiroknk ioco|gv xghnvn dgcnx

igvwiwx`nk xg`gcaira` `avfnk R@O lnk xoirn|oxnkkyn+ On |n` rnklnkj fwcw

`nvgkn lncni `n|gjavo `avfnk ynkj lo|wdw# xgiwn nkjja|n lofwkwm# |n` rgvlwco

wiwv# |okj`n| `gxncnmnk lnk w`wvnk+

Rgvkyn|nnk rgifnk|nonk fgvcnkjxwkj xgfnjno rvayg` xox|gin|ox lnk |nkrn rnklnkj fwcw

foxn lorgvlgfn|`nk `gkln|o Dnzn lnk Fnco igvwrn`nk |girn|)|girn| loinkn `g`gvnxnk ynkj

rncokj `gdo |gvdnlo lncni `gcwnvjn# |g|nro xgdwicnm ln|n ynkj |gvxgvlon igkdgcnx`nk fnmzn

`nwi znko|n lnk nkn` fw`nk igvwrn`nk xnxnvnk w|nin+ Lo Xwin|vn W|nvn# lncni fgfgvnrn

mnvwx fgvmwfwkjnk lgkjnk znvjn igkygcnin|`nk avnkj)avnkj lnvo `g`gvnxnk+ Fgvlnxnv`nk

`grgk|okjnk `gcnx# xgk|oigk njnin# `gfgkhonk `aiwko|nx lnk rgvfglnnk olgacajox ynkj

igklncni# `g`gvnxnk nk|o `aiwkox lnrn| lo`n|n`nk xgfnjno `gjon|nk ynkj |gvgkhnkn# loinkn

vofwnk `gcaira`uojocnk|g lolavakj lnk lonvnm`nk acgm `ainklnk)`ainklnk ioco|gv ca`nc+

Igvg`n ynkj nln lo rwxn| `g`wnxnnk kgjnvn igkyglon`nk xynvn|)xynvn| wk|w` `g`wnxnnk

xghnvn xnlnv |oln` igkgk|w`nk dwicnm ynkj mnvwx lofwkwm+ Igvg`n igiwcno lnk

igkjjncnkj xgk|oigk `g`gvnxnk nk|o `aiwkox ynkj igklnxnv lnk igkjjgvn``nk xgfnjonk

fgxnv rgviwxwmnk+ Igvg`n fgvwvwxnk lgkjnk rgkwirnxnk eoxo` cnznk)cnznk raco|o`kyn lnk

igvg`n igkyglon`nk rgvnkj`n| wk|w` o|w+ Igx`orwk Wce Xwklmnwxgk fgvwxnmn igirgv`ghoc

rgvnknk Nkj`n|nk Lnvn| lncni igirgvxgkdn|no rnvn jgvaifacnk rgifwkwm vn`yn|# on |gcnm

igkyoirwc`nk fnjnoinkn `wn|kyn vnxn fokn lnk |n`w| |gvmnlnr R@O |g|nro |nkrn rvarnjnkln

nk|o R@O acgm Nkj`n|nk Lnvn| rgifwkwmnk inxxnc o|w |oln` |gvdnlo+

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Xgfnjnoinkn lo`n|n`nk Iohmngc unk Cnkjgkfgvj# rgifnk|nonk |gvdnlo `nvgkn `akugvjgkxo

`gfgkhonk `aiwknc xgv|n nvnmnk `g`gvnxnk acgm kgjnvn+ Kgjnvn igkjjwkn`nk lnk

igkjnvnm`nk xrak|nko|nx `gfgkhonk o|w+ Xgfgknvkyn nln dnvn` nk|nvn x`ncn lnk racn)racn

`g`gvnxnk nk|nv fgvfnjno zocnynm+ Xgdwicnm `nxwx igkjjnifnv`nk ok|gkxo|nx `akeco` xaxonc

lnk raco|o` ca`nc ynkj fgvfgln+ Lo fgfgvnrn zocnynm |a`am xoroc lnk ioco|gv cgfom okjok

igkjgvgi `g|oifnkj lo |girn| cnok+ Lo |girn| cnok# |a`am)|a`am ca`nc dwx|vw fgvknexw

igifgxnv`nk knexw `g`gvnxnk+ \oln` nln `gfodn`xnknnk rgiwxknmnk cnznk)cnznk raco|o`

ynkj `amgvgk lnk |gvrwxn| lo`gcwnv`nk acgm rgigvok|nm+ \g|nro lgkjnk nlnkyn `gfgkhonk

ca`nc nk|o `aiwkox ynkj igcwnx# igkdnlo jnirnkj loxwxwc lncni fgk|w` `akeco` lnk lgkjnk

jnirnkjkyn lofn`nv igkdnlo `g`gvnxnk inxxnc cgzn| hnirwv |nkjnk kgjnvn Grocaj Rgvox|ozn

82 Xgr|gifgv xnvn| lgkjnk nlgjnk fncnx lgklni+

Rgvxancnk fncnx lgklni |oln` foxn locgrnx`nk lnvo inxncnm Cnkl vgeavi ynkj igkoifwc`nk

`ak|vaugvxo lorglgxnnk+ @akeco` ynkj |gvdnlo fw`nk xndn igkynkj`w| inxncnm lox|vofwxo |nknm

|g|nro dwjn a|avo|nx lgkjnk inkn lox|vofwxo |nknm o|w mnvwx locn`w`nk+ Inxynvn`n| rg|nko

xgklovo lnvo igvg`n ynkj igkjokjok`nk x|n|wx ~wa |gv|gk|w lgkjnk ynkj igkjokjok`nk

rgvwfnmnk njvnvox ynkj vnlo`nc+ X|vw`|wv xaxonc inxynvn`n| njvnvox fw`nk |gvfnjo lncni `gcnx

|g|nro fglnxnv`nk ncovnk ynkj fgvavogk|nxo `gnjninnk n|nw x|n|wx ~wa ioklgl lnk kak

vgcojowx n|nw `gcaira` vnlo`nc+ X|vw`|wv `g`wnxnnk lnk x|vw`|wv njvnvox ynkj nln

igkwkdw``nk `gnlnnk ynkj igkg|w`nk racn `gvdnxnin)`gvdnxnin lnk xncwvnk lgkjnk inkn

`akeco` lnrn| log`xrvgxo`nk+ Xgfgknvkyn Cnkl vgeavi |gcnm igkdnlo |nknm rgvfokhnkjnk

xgdn` |nmwk >??72)nk+ \g|nro

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>6

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

vgx|vofwxo |nknm xghnvn wiwi fgcwi rgvknm locn`w`nk acgm rgigvok|nm inknrwk+ Rgigvok|nm

igkynlnvo fg|nrn fnmnyn igcn`xnkn`nk rvajvni Cnkl vgeavi xghnvn vnlo`nc lnk lvnx|ox

`nvgkn |nknm lnk `nvgkn rgigvok|nm igkjwn|ov`nk `gxg|onnk igvg`n# rgigvok|nm |n` lnrn|

igknznv`nk rvajvni xginhni o|w+

@g|o`n xwnxnkn vnlo`ncoxig lo|niroc`nk Xag`nvka rnln fwcnk Xgr|gifgv >?58 lgkjnk

`akeco` cnkjxwkj lgkjnk Eglgvnxo Incnyxon# ynkj lolw`wkj Nkj`n|nk Fgvxgkdn|n Okjjvox+

R@O igkjnifoc `gxgirn|nk wk|w` igirgvacgm `g`wnxnnk ynkj cgfom fgxnv ynkj

`giwkj`oknk |gv|w|wr xnin xg`nco+ Do`n Xag`nvka igkokjjnc n|nw igkjwklwv`nk lovo+ R@O

igvwiwx`nk xwn|w aeegkxoug vguacw|oak wk|w` igiada``nk lnk igkjmnkhwv`nk `g`wn|nk)

`g`wn|nk nk|o `aiwkox lnk igifwnkj vnk|no ynkj igkjmnifn| igvg`n |wvw| xgv|n lncni

rgigvok|nmnk+ Xnvo rn|o lnvo wxnmn R@O lo|wdw`nk `grnln rg|nko# lnk inxncnm ynkj

lo|inroc`nk nlncnm Cnkl vgeavi+ Lo lncni igirgvcwnx `g`wnxnnk R@O mnvwx igkdncnk`nk

x|vn|gjo fgvjnkln lo xn|w romn`4 on mnvwx rwnx lgkjnk raco|o` knxoaknc rgigvok|nm fgvjnyn

kga)|vnloxoaknc lnk igcwkn``nk x|vn|gjokyn ynkj vnlo`nc lnk lo cnok romn` on mnvwx

igkokj`n|`nk `akeco` lo rglgxnnk+ Fgvlnxnv`nk `gjnjncnk)`gjnjncnk rgigvok|nm lncni

igcn`xnkn`nk Wklnkj)Wklnkj Cnkl vgeavi |nmwk >?7? lnk >?52# rnln fwcnk)fwcnk rgv|nin

|nmwk >?5

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>8

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

o|w oncnm igkoifwc`nk vnlo`ncoxig lnk loxorcok lo `ncnkjnk rgkjo`w| igvg`n xgmokjjn lnrn|

|gvdnlo `gxnlnvnk `gcnx lnvo `g`wn|nk)`g`wn|nk rg|nko iox`ok lnk rg`gvdn ynkj |oln`

igioco`o |nknm+

@g`wn|nk `aiwkox igirgvacgm rgvcnznknk lnvo rnv|no knxoakncox inwrwk njvnvox ynkj

igklnxnv`nk rnln `g`wnxnnk gco|g cnin# fno` gco|g `gnjninnk inwrwk gco|g |vnloxoaknc# ynkj

igkjmoirwk rgkjo`w| xg|on lofgcn`nkjkyn+ Jgvn`nk oko igifnkj`o|`nk o`n|nk ca`nco|nx#

njnin lnk fnrn`oxig wk|w` igcnznk lnk igcwirwm`nk nkhnink `aiwkox+ Xgfgknvkyn

jgvn`nk igcnznk `aiwkox fgvmwfwkjnk gvn| lgkjnk `gcgx|nvonk `g`wnxnnk egalnc+ R@O

igkjnln`nk xgvnkjnk cnkjxwkj |gvmnlnr gco|g |vnloxoaknc lnk igiw|wx`nk o`n|nk |vnloxoaknc

ynkj igkdnlo rgv|nmnknk igvg`n igcnznk `aiwkoxig+ Rgioco` |nknm ynkj nk|o `aiwkox

igiafocoxnxo rgkjo`w| igvg`n wk|w` igirgv|nmnk`nk mn`)mn` igvg`n+ Lwn romn` ynkj

fgv`akevak|nxo o|w nlncnm `nwi |nko ynkj igkjo`w|o roiroknk R@O ynkj igkjjwkn`nk

|okln`nk ynkj vnlo`nc wk|w` igcn`xnkn`nk Wklnkj)Wklnkj Cnkl vgeavi lo xn|w romn` lnk lo

cnok romn` nlncnm igvg`n ynkj fgv`grgk|okjnk wk|w` igcnkhnv`nk x|n|wx ~wa ynkj

`g`wnxnnkkyn fgvn`nv lncni raco|o` ca`nc igirwkyno `ginirwnk ynkj dgcnx wk|w`

igkjmncnkjo n|nw fnm`nk igkjncnm`nk jgvn`nk ynkj igkjnvnm rnln lox|vofwxo |nknm+

Rgklovonk R@O |gk|nkj Cnkl vgeavi dgcnx lnk vnlo`nc# |n` facgm lo|wkln)|wkln lnk |n` nln

`airvaio# |n` nln |okln`nk xgrnvwm)xgrnvwm+ Fnvoxnk |nko Oklakgxon fw`nk xndn mnvwx

igirgvacgm |nknm wk|w` `nwi |nko# |g|nro dwjn mnvwx igkokj`n|`nk `gxgjonk vguacwxoakgv

inxn rglgxnnk# igvg`n mnvwx igkjmnkhwv`nk `g`wnxnnk `akxgvun|oe# nrn ynkj loknin`nk

|wdwm xg|nk lgxn yno|w |wnk |nknm# |w`nkj vofn# |w`nkj yak# |gkj`wcn`# `nwi `nro|ncox# `nwi

fova`vn|# fnklo| lgxn+ Xgifaynk)xgifaynk xgrgv|o \nknm wk|w` `nwi |nko# Rgifnjonk

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>7

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

vnlo`ncoxnxo lnk rgkokj`n|nk rgv|gk|nkjnk nk|nv rnv|no xgcnin fgfgvnrn |nmwk igkdgcnkj

rgvox|ozn J 82 X igkdnlo en`|av ynkj |oln` foxn lonfno`nk |gvdnlokyn rgvox|ozn ynkj rncokj

igkjgvo`nk lncni xgdnvnm `g`gvnxnk lo Dnzn+

Xgfgknvkyn |gvdnlokyn rgifnk|nonk |oln` nln rg|wkdw` nlnkyn racn |wkjjnc rgifnk|nonk

ynkj lnrn| lo|gvnr`nk xghnvn vnxoaknc+ Rgifwkwmnk lo Dnzn \gkgjnm |gvw|nin xgfnjno n`ofn|

lnvo argvnxo ioco|gv# fw`nk `akeco` xaxonc ynkj rgkwm `g`gvnxnk+ Xgfnco`kyn lo Fnco

igkwkdw``nk nlnkyn argvnxo jnfwkjnk nk|nvn ioco|gv lgkjnk `gcaira` rgiwln xg|girn|+

LO Dnzn \oiwv# rgvnknk |gk|nvn ynkj vgcn|oe rnxoe igkyglon`nk nvgkn rgv|nvwkjnk fnjo `nwi

rva|njakox wk|w` igkygcgxno`nk `akeco` `g`gvnxnk+ R@O |gvcgfom lnmwcw loxgvnkj lnk

lomnkhwv`nk+ \nkrn znxo|# rgifnk|nonk fgvcnkjxwkj |nkrn `aavloknxo lnk nhn`# `g|o`n

`gcaira`)`gcaira` rgiwln Iwxcok xg|girn|# lgkjnk rgvxg|wdwnk loni)loni lnvo cwnx

|gv|gk|w# igirgvacgm `gxgirn|nk wk|w` igifwkwm iwxwm igvg`n+ Nln rgkdgcnxnk ynkj

igkyn|n`nk fnmzn rgifnk|nonk xgfnjno `akeco` njnin Iwxcok ynkj |nn| igkdncnk`nk

njninkyn lnk rnvn `avfnkkyn nlncnm Iwxcoi kaioknc -do`n fw`nk nk|o Iwxcoi/+ Xgn`nk)

n`nk igkyovn|`nk fnmzn rnvn xnk|vo igkjnkjjnr |okln`nk igvg`n xgdncnk lgkjnk domnl+

\gk|nkj inxncnm lgkjnk oko Damk Mwjmgx igkyn|n`nk fnmzn fnkyn` rgioirok Iwxcoi

igkjmnxw| igvg`n lgkjnk igifgknv`nk rgifwkwmnk o|w xgfnjno `gmgkln` Nccnm+ Igvg`n

igkjn|n`nk `grnln rnvn rgkjo`w|kyn fnmzn lgkjnk igifwkwm `nwi `aiwkox fgvnv|o rnvn

rgkjo`w| |gvxgfw| |gcnm igkjnflo `grnln Oxcni lnk kgjnvn+ Iginkj nln `akeco` n|nx

rnklnkjnk molwr lnk avogk|nxo `wc|wvnc# |nro fnkyn` `avfnk ynkj igkdncnk`nk vw`wk Oxcni+

@akeco` njnin fw`nk igvwrn`nk unvonfgc ynkj rgk|okj lo Fnco lnk mnkyn |oln` nln lo Dnzn

\gkjnm+

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Njnin ynkj igkjndnv`nk kocno)kocno `ginkwxonnk# |oln` fgvlnyn igkhgjnm rgifnk|nonk

|gvmnlnr `nwi `aiwkox+ Xgxnin win| Moklw lo Fnco igvg`n xncokj fwkwm# lgio`onk rwcn

wk|w` win| Iwxcoi lo Dnzn \gkjnm lnk Dnzn \oiwv+ Xnkj ncjada rwk foxn |gvlovo lnvo

fgvfnjno njnin+ Nln dwjn ynkj dnlo ncjada `nvgkn wvwxnk rvofnlo+ Lncni fgfgvnrn `nxwx#

njnin incnm dnlo ncnxnk wk|w` igifwkwm+ Igvg`n igiwcno n`xokyn lgkjnk igkdgirw|

nkjja|n R@O |gv`giw`n lnvo vwinm)vwinmkyn n|nw lnvo rgkdnvn# `nvgkn lncni fgfgvnrn

`nxwx racoxo xwlnm `gfwvw igknkj`nr rnln roiroknk R@O+ Fnkyn` |gvdnlo avnkj)avnkj oko

lofwkwm xghnvn |gvnkj)|gvnkjnk n|nw xg`o|nv lgxnkyn+ \g|nro `giwlonk rnvn rgiwln igiwcno

rgifnk|nonk xghnvn xox|gin|ox+ Xg|onr incni igvg`n igkjnln`nk rn|vaco+ Igvg`n

igigvo`xn xg|onr vwinm# lnk igknkyn`nk olgk|o|nx xg|onr rgkjmwkokyn+ Lo Dnzn \oiwv# nln

fgvfnjno hnvn rgifnk|nonk nln `avfnk ynkj londn` lwgc xn|w cnznk xn|w lgkjnk xgkdn|n

|ndni0 nln `avfnk ynkj lofwkwm `g|o`n lorgvja`o lo dncnk# |gvioknc# n|nw rnxnv# nln dwjn ynkj

lo`wirwc`nk cncw lo fnzn `g xwn|w |girn| ynkj xwkyo wk|w` log`xg`wxo+ Rnvn ncjada

igifnzn hncak `avfnk `g |girn| ynkj xwkyo xgrgv|o |gro xwkjno+ Lncni fgfgvnrn `nxwx

`avfnk nln ynkj iok|n lorgv`gknk`nk Xmncn| lwcw+ @g|o`n zn`|w g`xg`wxo |ofn `avfnk lo|n|n

lncni fgk|w` fnvoxnk ynkj |gvn|wv lnk rgifnk|nonk rwk loiwcno+ Ncjada fonxnkyn

igkjjwkn`nk rglnkj# jaca`# hgcwvo|# n|nw rorn fgxo wk|w` igifwkwm `avfnk+ Dnvnkj nln

ynkj igkjjwkn`nk xgkdn|n nro+ Ncjada ynkj igkjjwkn`nk rorn fgxo igkjokhnv |gkj`w`

`avfnk+ @ncnw igirgvjwkn`nk xgkdn|n |ndni# fnjonk |wfwm ynkj lookhnv nlncnm cgmgv fnjonk

iw`n+ Lncni fgfgvnrn `nxwx# nln ncjada ynkj igia|akj fgfgvnrn fnjonk |wfwm `avfnk

-iw|ocnxo/ xgfnjno |nkln `gfgvnkonk+

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Dnxnl `avfnk fonxnkyn lo cgirnv `g xwkjno n|nw lo`wfwv fgvxnin)xnin lncni xn|w cwfnkj

ynkj igvg`n jnco xgklovo+ Fnkyn` lo nk|nvn igvg`n ynkj |nkrn `grncn+ Xwkjno igkjmnk|nv`nk

inyn|)inyn| `avfnk `g cnw| xgfnjno |girn| rgvox|ovnmn|nk ynkj |gvn`mov+ @grwx|n`nnk

igkjgkno Fnco lorgkwmo acgm rnklnkjnk inxynvn`n| ynkj mnviakox |g|nro vgnco|nx `g`gvnxnk

ynkj |gvdnlo lo rwcnw lgzn|n o|w+ Lo xnkn `avfnk lofwkwm n|nw lo|gifn` igkdgcnkj g`xg`wxo#

`avfnk fonxnkyn igklnrn| `gxgirn|nk wk|w` igiocom hnvn wk|w` loin|o# lo|gifn` n|nw

kywrn|+ Kywrn| nlncnm ox|ocnm wk|w` igkywlnmo molwr xgxgavnkj xwrnyn fgfnx lnvo lgvo|n+

Lgkjnk hnvn o|w `avfnk igklnrn| `gxgirn|nk wk|w` cnmov `gifnco -vgok`nvknxo/ xgfnjno

igkdnlo avnkj ynkj cgfom fno`+ Hnvn oko nln lncni rgviok|nnk Vnkjln# rgkyomov ynkj dnlo

xoifac `gdnmn|nk lncni Fnvakj `g|o`n igiok|n Xwlgzn wk|w` igkjn`omovo molwrkyn+ Fno`

lo Fnco lnk Dnzn \oiwv# dnvnkj xg`nco `avfnk ynkj igcnznk xgfgcwi lo fwkwm+ Igvg`n

iwkj`ok rgvhnyn fnmzn lnvnm igvg`n n`nk igkjgifnco`nk `gxg|oifnkjnk `axiox rvnkn|n

`axiox+ Lo daifnkj n|nw `glovo# fonxnkyn `gcwnvjn `avfnk |oln` xwkj`nk igkjwklnkj

ink|nk ncjada o`w| xcnig|nk wk|w` igklan`nk `avfnk rgifnk|nonk+ \oln` knirn` vnxn

lgklni `grnln rnvn ncjada lo nk|nvn igvg`n+

Igcomn| `gkyn|nnk vnkjxnkjnk mnwx lnvnm ynkj |oln` foxn igkjg`nkj lovo+ Xnvza Glmo

Zofaza ynkj igifnjo)fnjo`nk xgkdn|n `grnln rnxw`nk xw`nvgcn# xgfnjnoinkn lo`n|n`nk

Mnvcal Hvawhm# lofwn| hw`wr kjgvo acgm niw`nk igvg`n xgmokjjn igifgvo rgvokjn|nk `o|n

|oln` facgm igkdnznf |gvav lgkjnk |gvav# `nvgkn Nc)^wvnk xgklovo igirgvokjn|`nk `o|n

wk|w` |oln` igcnirnwo fn|nx `o|n xgiwn nlncnm inkwxon ynkj rgvhnyn `grnln \wmnk#

Rgvo`ginkwxonnk lnk `gcoin xocn -lnvo Rnkhnxocn/+ Acgm xgfnf o|wcnm |oln`cnm fno` `o|n

igifncnx `gdnmn|nk lgkjnk `gdnmn|nk+ @g|o`n rgifwkwmnk ynkj `gcgzn| fn|nx |g|nr

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

fgvcnkjxwkj+ Rvgxolgk Xag`nvka igkgk|nkj `gdnlonk)`gdnlonk ynkj igvwrn`nk grocaj

Jgvn`nk 82 Xgr|gifgv lnk Xag`nvka igkyn|n`nk# Grocaj oko |gcnm igkjjnkjw xw`in`w#

|gcnm igifwn|`w xglom# igifwn|`w `zn|ov+ Lgkjnk |gvwx |gvnkj `w`n|n`nk n`w igvn|nr

`grnln Nccnm# fgv|nkyn `grnln \wmnk# fnjnoinkn yn Nccnm# Vaffo# fnjnoinkn xgiwn oko

lnrn| |gvdnlo 1 Rvgxolgk Xag`nvka fgknv)fgknv kjgvo igcomn| xwn|w fnkjxn ynkj fgvxn|w lnk

hok|n lnino lovgiw``nk acgm rginklnkjnk loinkn avnkj)avnkj Oklakgxon igifwkwm xghnvn

`gdni avnkj Oklakgxon cnokkyn+

Rgifnk|nonk ynkj `gcgzn| fn|nx foxn lo|nexov`nk xgfnjno Nia` ynkj fgvxoen| `acg`|oe+ Lncni

ox|ocnm Igcnyw Nia` igvwdw` rnln rgvwfnmnk rgvocn`w ynkj lo`gknc fno` lnk |gknkj xghnvn

igklnln` igifwkwm n|nw igcw`no avnkj cnok |nkrn rgvnxnnk+ Nvkacl Fvnh`ink lofwkwm

`nvgkn fncnx lgklni `g|o`n kgjgvo o|w lncni nv|o mnveonm# igkjncnio nia` )) `axn`n|n

Igcnyw ynkj `gfg|wcnk nxco `grwcnwnk |gvxgfw|# wk|w` igkjjnifnv`nk nlnkyn xgvnkjnk

`gjwjwrnk igklnln` wk|w` igklavakj xgavnkj igifwkwm xghnvn jocn)jocnnk+ Xgdnvnm |gcnm

igkdnlo ncn| cgjo|oinxo lnvo xgfwnm `g`wnxnnk lon|nx `cnoi mox|avox ynkj loxgfnv`nk igcncwo

fgvfnjno xncwvnk+ Xgdnvnm vgxio Avlg Fnvw |gcnm igkyglon`nk xgfwnm |nexovnk n|nx rgvox|ozn

Jgvn`nk 82 Xgr|gifgv ynkj igiohw rgifwkwmnk `gcgzn| fn|nx lnk fgv`grnkdnkjnk lnk

rgvcw lofgkni`nk lncni `gxnlnvnk znvjn kgjnvn fnmzn R@O igvwrn`nk lncnkj w|nin lnvo

rgvox|ozn Jgvn`nk 82 xgr|gifgv+ \g|nro |gxox lnvo ugvxo rgigvok|nmnk Avlg Fnvw igirgvacgm

|nk|nkjnk lgkjnk |gvxglonkyn xgdwicnm x|wlo)x|wlo ynkj igifgvo rgkdgcnxnk fgvfgln fnm`nk

fgv|acn` fgcn`nkj+

->/ Rnv|no @aiwkox Oklakgxon

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>?

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

@gfgvnlnnk rgioirok R@O -L+ K+ Nolo|/ fgvnln lo rnkj`ncnk wlnvn lnk fnmzn

avjnkoxnxo)avjnkoxnxo R@O mnlov lo Cwfnkj Fwnyn# loinkn |gvdnlo rgifnk|nonk xgv|n

rgkjwfwvnk# igvwrn`nk fw`|o `g|gvcofn|nk R@O+ Cnjo rwcn rgkjnlocnk igkjwkj`nr`nk

fnmzn Fova @mwxwx R@O igkjnln`nk `ak|n` lgkjnk rnvn rgvgkhnkn `wlg|n+ Nln

xgdwicnm fw`w ynkj igklw`wkj rgknexovnk |gvxgfw| lnk fonxnkyn fw`w)fw`w |gvxgfw|

xgfnjno fw`w rw|om rgigvok|nm `nvgkn igifwn| |nexovnk xgxwno lgkjnk `gokjoknk

rgigvok|nm Avlg Fnvw+ Kwjvama Ka|axwxnk|a# ?57/0

Kwjvama Ka|axwxnk|a# Lwvinvzgcc Nhminl lnk Invzn|o Ldagkgl Ragrakgjava#Fw`w

Rw|om J 82

X!R@O->?55/0 Kwjvama Ka|axwxnk|a lnk Oxinoc Xncgm# \mg Hawr N||gir| ae

|mg 82 Xgr|gifgv Iaugigk| ok Oklakgxon ->?5=/# Rgifgvak|n`nk R@O lnk

Rgkwirnxnkkyn -Loknx Xgdnvnm Nkj`n|nk Lnvn|# >?:?:=/ lnk Jgvn`nk 82 Xgr|gifgv# Rgifgvak|n`nk @aiwkox

Oklakgxon4 Cn|nv Fgcn`nkj# N`xo lnk Rgkwirnxnkkyn -Xg`vg|nvon| Kgjnvn VO# >???55 |oln`

xnirno |ojn fwcnk xg|gcnm rgvox|ozn |gvxgfw| |gvdnlo lnk xghnvn vnmnxon igkjglnv`nk nrn

ynkj knk|okyn lo`gknc xgfnjno Havkgcc Rnrgv+ Lncni |nmwk >?:> la`wigk oko lo|gvfo|`nk

lgkjnk dwlwc#N Rvgcoioknvy Nkncyxox ae |mg Ah|afgv ># >?57 Hawr ok Oklakgxon# -Havkgcc

Ialgvk Oklakgxon Rvadgh| Ok|gvoi Vgrav| Xgvogx/+ Loxgfw|`nk lncni fw`w o|w fnmzn R@O

xnin xg`nco |oln` fgvrgvnk lncni rgvgkhnknnk `wlg|n lnk `wlg|n igvwrn`nk inxncnm

ok|gvk Nkj`n|nk Lnvn|# lo inkn rgdnfn|)rgdnfn| |gk|nvn rvajvgxoe fgvkon| igifgvxom`nk

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

rnvn dgklvnc ynkj `avwr lnk molwr igznm lncni igkygcnin|`nk kgjnvn+ R@O xg|wdw

lgkjnk jgvn`nk oko lnk acgm `nvgkn o|w `giwlonk locofn|`nk+ Rnvn rgvgkhnknkyn xgklovo

igkjgiw`n`nk |gavo fnmzn Lgznk Dgklvnc igvgkhnkn`nk wk|w` igkjnln`nk `wlg|n

rnln 7 A`|afgv >?57 lnk avnkj)avnkj `aiwkox oko okjok igklnmwcwo+ Wk|w` nvjwigk)

nvjwigk lnvo igvg`n ynkj igkjo`w|o dncnk ro`ovnk Havkgcc Rnrgv# Comn| Lnkogc X Cgu#

Oklakgxon >?57# \mg _gnv ae |mg Hawr# Nxonk Xwvugy# Egfvwnvo >?550 Cwhonk Vgy#

Laxxogv ae |mg Oklakgxon Lvgni# Kgz Cge| Vguogz# Invg|!Nrvoc >?55 lnk ZE Zgv|mgoi#

Oklakgxon Fgeavg nkl Ne|gv |mg Wk|wkj HawrRnxoeo Neenovx# Xrvokj!Xwiigv >?55+

Fw`w Fgk Nklgvxak lnk Vw|m IhUgy igirwkyno rgkjnvwm fgxnv lncni igifnkjwk

aroko inxynvn`n| cwnv kgjgvo igkjgkno rgigvok|nmnk Oklakgxon+ @nvyn Fgk Nklgvxak

lnk Vw|m IhUgy xgknk|onxn lo`w|or acgm xnvdnkn)xnvdnkn Fnvn| ynkj igkwcox fgv`no|nk

lgkjnk Rgvox|ozn J 82 X+ Nkncoxn Fnvn| Fgk Nklgvxak lnk Vw|m IhUgy lolnxnv`nk rnln

fgvo|n lnk aroko ynkj lonifoc lnvo xwvn| `nfnv ynkj |gvfo| xgfgcwi lnk igkdgcnkj# fnm`nk

rnln zn`|w |gvdnlokyn Rgvox|ozn 82 Xgr|gifgv+ Rgv|nkynnk ynkj londw`nk acgm Fgk

Nklgvxak lnk Vw|m IhUgy ynkj inxom fgcwi igirgvacgm dnznfnk+

>+ Igkjnrn R@O |oln` igklw`wkj Jgx|nrw rnln xnn| rgvox|ozn o|w |gvdnlo# `giwlonkxghnvn jgjnfnm igifwn| |ndw` vgkhnkn igklw`wkj Jgx|nrw xg|gcgm @wr o|w

lomnkhwv`nk 16+ Igkjnrn R@O# ynkj |ndw` vgkhnknkyn |gcnm igifgvo lw`wkjnk `grnln Jgx|nrw#

kniwk |oln` igiafocoxnxo`nk rgkjo`w|kyn xwrnyn fgv|okln` lgio `grgk|okjnkJgx|nrw 1

8+ Igkjnrn Xagmnv|a ynkj xgigkg|nvn o|w igkjwnxno Dn`nv|n |gcnm igcnvnkj rgkgvfo|nkxgiwn xwvn| `nfnv `ghwnco mnvonk oko xgv|n xn|w mnvonk cnokkyn ynkj fgvncovnk `ovo ynkj

dwjn igcnynko |wdwnk rvarnjnkln)rvarnjnklnkyn+ Lgkjnk `n|n cnok# IgkjnrnXagmnv|a rnln |nkjjnc 6 A`|afgv igkjotok`nk |gvfo|kyn 6 fwnm mnvonk Dn`nv|n yno|w

lwn `avnk ynkj locnvnkj wk|w` |gvfo| xgcnin)cninkyn 1Nlnkyn Lgznk Dgklvnc |gvkyn|n |oln` foxn lofw`|o`nk cgzn| rgkjnlocnk lnk igx`orwk

xnkjn| iwkj`ok fnmzn rgdnfn|)rgdnfn| |gk|nvn ynkj fgvavogk|nxo raco|o` xgcncw

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6>

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

fgvxnin)xnin lnvo zn`|w `g zn`|w wk|w` igifnmnx xo|wnxo+ Igcncwo fw`w# \mg Nviy

nkl Raco|oh ok Oklakgxon ->?:=/# Mnvcal Hvawhm igkjn|n`nk fnmzn `gxn`xonk lnvo

rnvn rgioirok R@O lo rgkjnlocnk xgv|n rnklnkjnk)rnklnkjnk ynkj lo`giw`n`nk

acgm rgcnvonk)rgcnvonk R@O lo cwnv kgjgvo |gcnm igifwn| |gxox Havkgcc Rnrgv xnkjn|

xwco| wk|w` lorgv|nmnk`nk lncni fgk|w` nxcokyn+ R@O iginkj |gvcofn| mnkyn xndn

vwnkj lnk cokj`wr `g|gvcofn|nkkyn inxom `nfwv+ Havkgcc Rnrgv xwlnm loxnkj`nc

lgkjnk fw`w ynkj fgvdwlwc \mg Hawr N||gir| ae \mg 82 Xgr|gifgv Iaugigk| ok

Oklakgxon ->?5=/+

-8/ Rvgxolgk Xag`nvkaXag`nvka fw`nk xndn |gvcofn| |g|nro dwjn igkjwxwc`nk `wlg|n `nvgkn Xag`nvka

fgv`gokjoknk igighn| dgklvnc)dgklvnc ynkj xgcncw igcnznkkyn+ Rgknexovnk oko |gvlnrn|

lncni fw`w Nk|akog H+ N+ Ln`g# Ok |mg xrovo| ae |mg Vgl Fnk|gkj4 Oklakgxonk

Haiiwkoxi4 Fg|zggk Iaxhaz lnk Rg`okj ->?:=/+ \wcoxnk Nk|akog H+ N+ Ln`g oko

lolnxnv`nk rnln fw`w @nvko Vnmnlo X# \mg Lguoawx Lncnkj xw`nvka nkl |mg xa)hnccgl

Wk|wkj Hawr4 Gygzo|kgxx Nhhawk| fy Fnifnkj X+ Zoldnknv`a ->?:+ Lncni fgvfnjno `gxgirn|nk# Fnifnkj Zoldnknv`a igkjn`w igklgkjnv RvgxolgkXag`nvka igkywvwm Fvojdgk Xnfwv# @ainklnk Hdn`vnfovnzn# Vgxoigk Rgkjnznc

Rvgxolgk lnk Cg|`ac Wk|wkj# xncnm xn|w @ainklnk Fn|ncyak \dn`nvnfovnzn njnvigkokln` dgklvnc)dgklvnc ynkj |oln` caync `grnlnkyn+ Whnrnk ynkj xnin# igkwvw|Fnifnkj Zoldnknv`a# loxnirno`nk Xag`nvka lo Ox|nkn \nirn` Xovokj# Fnco# `grnln

Fvojdgk Xyneowllok# Rnkjcoin @alni lo xnkn+ Dwjn `grnln Cn`xninkn Inlyn AinvLmnko# Rnkjcoin Nkj`n|nk Cnw|+

6+ Igkwvw| Fnifnkj Zoldnknv`a# fnmzn rnln |nkjjnc 8 A`|afgv >?57# Xag`nvkaigklnrn| okeavinxo |g|nkj lo`wfwvkyn rnvn dgklvnc lo xwiwv |wn Cwfnkj Fwnyn+

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66

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Xag`nvka cncw igigvok|nm`nk @acakgc Xngcnk# @grncn X|ne Vgxoigk \dn`nvnfovnzn#njnv igkyokj`ov`nk inyn| o|w wk|w` igkjmocnkj`nk fg`nx+

8+ Xgmnvo xgfgcwi rgvox|ozn# igkwvw| Fnifnkj Zoldnknv`a# Cn`xninkn Ainv Lmnkolnk Fvojdgk Xagrnvlda igkjmnlnr Xag`nvka+ @g|o`n o|w# Xagrnvlda igcnrav`nk

|gk|nkj xgdwicnm dgklvnc ynkj |n` caync `grnln Xag`nvka+ Lnk Xagrnvlda igkjn|n`nk

`grnln Xag`nvka fnmzn on fgvxnin rnxw`nk Nkj`n|nk Lnvn| ynkj rvajvgxoe |gcnmxonr wk|w` fgvjgvn` igkokln` dgklvnc)dgklvnc o|w+?57# `g|o`nXag`nvka igkjmnlovo Iwfgx \gmko` lo xnkn+ Xwvn| Wk|wkj o|w igvwrn`nk

rgifgvo|nwnk Wk|wkj `grnln Xag`nvka fnmzn incni o|w# on lnk rnxw`nkkyn n`nkfgvjgvn` igkokln` rnvn dgklvnc ynkj |n` caync+

Damk Mwjmgx# \mg Gkl ae Xag`nvka ->?5:/# igkyoirwc`nk fnmzn Xag`nvkacnm

lncnkj J 82 X+ Mwjmgx igkocno |okln`nk Cg|`ac Wk|wkj |gcnm igklnrn| vgx|w

Xag`nvka+ @g|o`n Fvojdgk Xwrnvlda igcnrav |gvfwkwmkyn rnvn dgklvnc Xag`nvka |oln`

fgvgn`xo+ Rnln fwcnk Xgr|gifgv >?==# vnino igifohnvn`nk fw`w ynkj fgvdwlwc

Xonrn Igknfwv Nkjok N`nk Igkwno Fnlno ynkj lo|wcox acgm Xagjonvxa Xagvada+ Lo

lncni fw`w ynkj igkjjgirnv`nk o|w lowkj`nr`nk Xag`nvka xgfnjno `aiwkox

xg`ncojwx avnkj ynkj igklncnkjo Jgvn`nk 82 Xgr|gifgv+ Xgfnjnoinkn rgkjn`wnk

Xagjonvxa Xagvada# |wcoxnkkyn fgvlnxnv`nk mnxoc okugx|ojnxo vgrav|okj# ynkj

igkjjwkn`nk cajo`n mnkyn 7 rgvxgk lnk eggcokj ?7 rgvxgk+ Xgfgknvkyn |gk|nkj

`g|gvcofn|nk Xag`nvka lncni Rgvox|ozn J 82 X lncni fw`w Igigkwmo Rnkjjocnk

\wjnx Docol UO acgm N+ M+ Knxw|oak lnk lncni Fw`w Rw|om ynkj lo|wcox @ar`ni|of+

Igcncwo fw`w ynkj fgvdwlwc @gmavin|nk Fnjo _nkj Fgvmn`4 Fwkj @nvka |oln`

|gvcofn| J 82 X!R@O# Inkno Xarmonk igkhafn igknkj`ox fgvfnjno |wlwmnk ynkj

lo|oirn`nk `grnln Xag`nvka+ Inkno Xarmonk igvnkj`no nvxor# la`wigk# mnxoc

znznkhnvn lnk fgvfnjno fw`w xgdnvnm# lnk `giwlonk igkyoirwc`nk fnmzn Xag`nvka

|oln` xnin xg`nco fgvxom J 82 X!R@O+ Xag`nvka dwx|vw igkdnlo `avfnk lnvo romn`)

romn` ynkj okjok igin|nm`nk `g`wnxnnkkyn+

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6?5=# Xg`nvnkj fnvw xnyn xnlnvo fnmzn Cn|oge `g vwinm xn`o|

|oln` wk|w` igkdgkjw` nkn` xnyn# |g|nro wk|w` igkhnvo |nmw xnyn |gk|nkj xnyn+

Znznkhnvn |gvxgfw| igkdnlo lnxnv fnjo fnjo Z+ E+ Zgv|mgoi fgvrgklnrn|+ Xglo`o|kyn

nln ncnxnk wk|w` igkjnkjnr fnmzn igcncwo rgv|giwnk o|w Xagmnv|a igklnrn| okeavinxo

rgk|okj fnm`nk mwfwkjnk ynkj xgfgknvkyn nk|nvn Xagmnv|a lgkjnk rnvn nkjja|n

`airca|nk cgfom lg`n| lnvornln on Z+ E+ Zgv|mgoi lgkjnk knln fgv|nkyn+ Fnjnoinkn

do`n lnrn| lofw`|o`nk fnmzn rgifwkwmnk rnvn dgklvnc lnk rgifnk|no R@O xghnvn inxxnc

nlncnm avnkj ynkj xnin+

Igkwvw| Mnvcal Hvawhm# xg|gcnm lo|gvfo|`nk in`ncnm Z+ E+ Xagmnv|a iwcno igkjn|n`nk

`grnln rnvn lorcain| nxokj fnmzn on |gcnm lo|wcox lncni lne|nv# |g|ro lnrn| cacax `nvgkn

rnvn nkjja|n `airca|nk fokjwkj igkgk|w`nk loinkn lon fgvnln+ Hgvo|n lnvo Xagmnv|a oko

fgvcnoknk lgkjnk nrn ynkj lo`giw`n`nk Xagmnv|a xgfgcwikyn rnln Vaglgv# rgkwcox

voznyn| molwrkyn lnk `gxn`xonk)`gxn`xonk lo rgkjnlocnk Inmiocwf |oln`

igirgvcomn|`nk fw`|o xgfnjnoinkn ynkj lo`n|n`nk Xagmnv|a rnln lorcain| nxokj+

Xgavnkj ynkj fgvlaioxoco lo Dn`nv|n# Xwknvlo XM igkjovoi xwvn| `grnln 722 rgdnfn|

|okjjo# |gvinxw` Xagmnv|a+ Xwvn| \gv|nkjjnc >2 Lgxgifgv >??> fgvoxo |wlwmnk fnmzn

Xagmnv|a |gvcofn| J 82 X+ Igkwvw| Xwknvlo# `wlg|n Jgvn`nk 82 xgr|gifgv >?57 ynkj

lo`n|n`nk dwx|vw fgvmnxoc jgiocnkj xgxwno vgkhnkn# yno|w igkdn|wm`nk Rvgxolgk Xag`nvka

xgfnjno rgigjnkj `g`wxnnk rgigvok|mnk ynkj xnm+ \wlwmnk Xwknvlo |gvxgfw| lolnxnv`nk

rnln rgvnlocnk rnln rgkjn`wnk N+ Nc|oge# @ainklnk Fvojnlg Okenk|vo O @alni U!Dnyn

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

lncni rvaxgx rgvnlocnk n|nx lovokyn+ Igkwvw| N+ Cn|oge# lwn mnvo xgfgcwi J 82 X!R@O

rghnm on igkjmnlnr Xagmnv|a wk|w` igcnrav`nk fn`nc |gvdnlo jgvn`nk fgvxgkdn|n+

Cnravnk o|w lonkjjnr |oln` xgvowx+ Rnln |nkjjnc 82 Xgr|gifgv >?57 xg`o|nv rw`wc 66+22

Cn|oge ln|nkj cnjo igkgiwo Xagmnv|a lo VXRNL ynkj xglnkj igkwkjjw rw|vnkyn#

\aiiy ynkj xn`o|+ N+ cn|oge igifgvo |nmw Xagmnv|a fnmzn incni o|w n`nk |gvdnlo

jgvn`nk fgvxgkdn|n+ Kniwk# igkwvw| N+ Cn|oge# Xagmnv|a mnkyn loni xndn+

@gkyn|nnk fnmzn N+ cn|oge |oln` lomnlnr`nk `g rgkjnlocnk# igkwvw| Mnvcal Hvawhm#

|gcnm igkoifwc`nk `gvnjwnk cgfom cnkdw|+ @gkln|o N+ Cn|oge |gv|nkj`nr fgfgvnrn mnvo

xg|gcnm Rgvox|ozn J 82 X# kniwk on |oln` lorgvfacgm`nk |niroc xg`ncorwk mnkyn xgfnjno

xn`xo rnln rgkjnlocnk)rgkjnlocnk rnvn nkjja|n `airca|nk cnokkyn xnirno fwcnk Dnkwnvo

>?:6+ Fgvlnxnv`nk dwvw fohnvn ioco|gv# Cn|oge lgkjnk xgkjndn |oln` igin|wmo rgvok|nm)

rgvok|nm la`|gvkyn xgmokjjn on |oln` n`nk hw`wr xgmn| wk|w` iwkhwc lncni xolnkj

rgkjnlocnk -@airnx# 65 Invg| >?55/+ Zoinkldndn igcncwo fw`wkyn fgvdwlwc Rvoinlaxn

->??8/ xghnvn |gvnkj)|gvnkjnk igkwlwm Xagmnv|a xgfnjno lncnkj J 82 X+ Fw`w |gvxgfw|

lofgvnkjwx @gdn`xnnk Njwkj lnk Zoinkldndn |oln` lonrn)nrn`nk# xgfnjnoinkn ynkj

rgvknm loncnio Xwknvlo ynkj loxgvg| `g igdn modnw lnk lodn|wmo mw`wink rgkdnvn < |nmwk

5 fwcnk+ Fgcwi mocnkj `g|gv`gdw|nk inxynvn`n| n|nx fw`w Zoinkldndn ynkj lonkjjnr

Rvgxolgk Xag`nvka xgfnjno igiw|nvfnco`nk en`|n# in`n rnln fwcnk Egfvwnvo >????

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Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Lncnkj w|nin J 82 X nlncnm HON ynkj okjok igkdn|wm`nk Xag`nvka lnk `g`gwnxnnk

@aiwkox -|gavo Laioka/# HON fg`gvdnxnin lgkjnk xgfwnm `coc NL wk|w` igirvaua`nxo

R@O+ Rg|gv Lncg Xhaa|# WX nkl |mg Augv|mvaz ae Xag`nvka >?57 >?5:# Rnxoeoh Neenovx

>?=7 lnk Jgaeevgy Vafakxak# Xaig Nvjwigk|x Hakhgvkokj WX okecwgkhg nkl

Haircoho|y ok |mg Oklakgxon Hawr ae Ah|afgv ># >?57+ Rg|gv Lncg Xhaa| fgvfohnvn |gk|nkj

lw`wkjnk NX |gvmnlnr En`xo Xagmnv|a xgfgcwi Jgx|nrw+

\gcnm lo`g|nmwo fnmzn fgfgvnrn fwcnk xgfgcwi Jgx|nrw# xgavnkj w|wxnk Xagmnv|a

ynkj igirwkyno mwfwkjnk cnin lgkjnk HON -@ac+ Zncnklawi/ |gcnm

igkjmwfwkjo rgigvok|nm NX+ Xgdn` nznc >?57 rnvn rginxa` ioco|gv NX ynkj

igirwkyno mwfwkjnk lgkjnk HON -|gvw|nin Cah`mggl/ xglnkj igvwklokj`nk

rgkdwncnk rgvcgkj`nrnk cgzn| avnkj rgvnk|nvn# xgmokjjn xgn`nk igkhor|n`nk

mnlonm fnjo avnkj)avnkj nk|o _nko lnk Knxw|oak -rgioirok vgxio NL/+ Rnlnmnc#

ynkj xgfgknvkyn |gvdnlo nlncnm wk|w` igklw`wkj en`xo `g|ojn lo lncni NL ynkj

mokjjn xnn| o|w `wvnkj lo`gknc# yn`ko Inydgk Xagmnv|a+

Igkwvw| Mnvcal Havwhm igkdgcnkj >?57# \KO NL |gvfnjo lncni lwn en`xo4

>+ @wfw `gcaira` |gkjnm nlncnm Nhminl _nko lnk `nznk)`nznkkyn ynkj igkgk|nkjXag`nvka fgv`no|nk inxncnm rgvxn|wnk knxoaknc lgkjnk R@O lo lncnikyn+

6+

@wfw `gcaira` `nknk ynkj lolncnikyn nln N+ M+ Knxw|oak# Xagmnv|a lnk cnok)cnokynkj igkgk|nkj `gfodn`xnknnk Nhminl _nko ynkj fgvknenx`nk Xag`nvkaoxig+

Rg|gv Lncg Xhaa| igkyn|n`nk `airca|nk ynkj igkhafn igvgfw| `g`wnxnnk rnln |nkjjnc

82 Xgr|gifgv lgkjnk lncom wk|w` igkygcnin|`nk Xag`nvka# xgfgknvkyn dwx|vw lo|wdw`nk

`grnln `gcaira` _nko ynkj rncokj caync# rgklw`wkj Xag`nvka+ On igifnk|nm

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6=

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

rnklnkjnk ynkj fgvxwifgv lnvo Xagmnv|a lnk rgigvok|nm Nigvo`n Xgvo`n| ynkj

igkgyn|n`nk fnmzn |nmwk >?57 jacakjnk `ovo igkygvnkj jacakjnk `nknk -loknin`nk

`wlg|n Jgx|nrw/# lnk `giwlonk jacakjnk `nknk igifgvxom`nk xgfnjno jacakjnk `ovo

xgfnjno mw`wink+

Xgfnco`kyn# rgkwcox fgvrgklnrn| fnmzn lgkjnk hnvn rwvn)rwvn igcn`w`nk `wlg|n+

Jgx|nrw# jacakjnk `nknk Nkj`n|nk Lnvn| Oklakgxon |gcnm igcgkynr`nk vounc

igvg`n lo `ncnkjnk |gkjnm Nkj`n|nk Lnvn|+ Lgkjnk lgio`onk# igvg`n igvok|ox

dncnk igkwdw rgkwirnxnk jacakjnk xoroc fgvmncwnk `ovo ynkj |gcnm cnin

lorgvxonr`nk lnk n`movkyn igkwdw rgkjw`wmnk lnk rgkgjn`nk xwn|w lo`|n|av

ioco|gv rnln rgvoalg fgvo`w|kyn+ Lgkjnk `n|n cnok# Jgx|nrw mnkyncnm xwn|w |nmnr

rgv|nin `wr jacakjnk rgv|nin lnvo xwn|w jacakjnk `nknk ynkj igirwkyno |ojn

|nmnr# xwn|w `wr ynkj xghnvn |gvfw`n lo`afnv`nk lnk xghnvn vnmnxon lofnk|w acgm

dwvw fohnvn lnk rgdnfn|)rgdnfn| WXN+

-:/ OkjjvoxLncnkj w|nin nlncnm Okjjvox ynkj fgv`grgk|okjnk wk|w` igkjnink`nk nxg|)nxg|kyn

lgkjnk hnvn igkjmgk|o`nk raco|o` Aeegkxoe Xag`nvka+ @gfg|wcnk vgkhnkn oko fgv|giw

lgkjnk x`gknvoa fgxnv NL lncni vnkj`n Rgvnkj Lokjok+ Jvgj Rawcjvnok# \mg Jgkgxox ae

Hakevak|n|oak Incnyxon# Fvwkno nkl Oklakgxon >??57 ->??8/+ Jvgj Rawcjvnok

igkyn|n`nk fnmzn Okjjvox xnkjn| fgv`grgk|okjnk lgkjnk dn|wmkyn Xag`nvka ynkj

lonkjjnr igifnmnyn`nk `gfodn`nk Okjjvox lo Incnyxon lnk Fvwkno+ Igcncwo fw`w ynkj

fgvdwlwc \KO Lncni Raco|o` Cwnv Kgjgvo X|wlo @nxwx Rgkygcgxnonk @akevak|nxo

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6?

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Oklakgxon Incnyxon ->??>/# Molnyn| Iw`iok igirgvcomn|`nk nlnkyn `ak|n` vnmnxon

nk|nvn Xagmnv|a)Nco)_ajn lnk \wk Nflwc Vntn` lgkjnk fnk|wnk xgdwicnm avnkj RVVO lo

rgkjnxokjnk wk|w` igkjmnifn| raco|o` Aeegkxoe Xag`nvka cgzn| Lzo`avn+

Xn|w |nmwk |gcnm fgvcnkjxwkj rgifnk|nonk inxxnc >?57 >?55# igvwrn`nk |nmwk ynkj |n`

|gvcwrn`nk lncni xgdnvnm Oklakgxon lnk dwjn xgdnvnm lwkon# |gk|nkj `g`gdnink ynkj cwnv

fonxn# rgifnxionk# rgifnk|nonk ynkj xox|gin|ox lnk dgkox rgifwkwmnk inxxnc cnokkyn+

Xgdnvnm vgxio Avlg Fnvw mnkyn igkjwkj`nr`nk fnmzn rnln fwcnk Xgr|gifgv >?57#

Xagmnv|a fgvmnxoc igkjjnjnc`nk `wlg|n `aiwkox+ Avnkj)avnkj `aiwkox |gcnm igifwkwm 5

dgklvnc lnk girn| rgvzovn |okjjo cnokkyn ynkj `giwlonk igkdnlo rnmcnznk)rnmcnznk

Oklakgxon ynkj knin)knin dncnk lofgfgvnrn |girn|+ Xnirno loxoko hgvo|n fgvn`mov+ \oln`

rgvknm loxgfw| fnmzn vn|wxnk vofw avnkj |gvfwkwm `nvgkn vgdoi oko+ @nvgkn `gfwkj`nink oko

igkygfnf`nk `vglofoco|nx mox|avoajvneo Oklakgxon ynkj lovnjw`nk lnk mnkyn lnrn| lorgvfno`o

do`n `avfnk Avlg Fnvw loinxw``nk `g lncni mox|avoajvneo Oklakgxon+ Xnkj rgigknkj ynkj

lozn`oco acgm |gk|nvn# igioco`o xgdnvnmkyn xgklovo lnk igkdnlo xn|w)xn|wkyn xgdnvnm >?57

>?55+ Xglnkj`nk igvg`n ynkj `ncnm# `avfnk Avlg Fnvw mnkyn igioco`o vgigifgv mox|avy#

xgrgv|o igianv ynkj lo|wcox acgm avnkj `ncnm lnk `nvyn xnx|vn ynkj fgvfohnvn |gk|nkj avnkj

`ncnm+

Rgifnk|nonk >?57 >?55 igvwrn`nk |nmwk)|nmwk ynkj |n` |gvcwrn`nk lncni xgdnvnm

Oklakgxon `nvgkn lomnlnr`nk acgm xgdwicnm en`|av# iwcno lnvo cnkj`nkyn xwifgv)xwifgv

cnravnk xn`xo in|n ynkj `vglofgc# okeavink ynkj gkjjnk fgvfohnvn lnk igkwcox# mnirov |oln`

nln ea|a# `ak|vac rgigvok|nm ynkj xo`nr xgce nkhavxmor+ Xnirno xnn| oko mnkyn nln |ojn x|wlo

xgvowx |gk|nkj rgvox|ozn fgvlnvnm)lnvnm oko+ Jgaeeogy Vafokxak \mg Lnv` Xolg ae Rnvnloxg4

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8>

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

igiwkj`ok`nk avnkj cnok igkjmw`wi igvg`n xghnvn fgfnx+ Rnln n`movkyn# rnvn rgigjnkj

`g`wnxnnk fnvw igklnrn|`nk rgkjgxnmnk xghnvn loni)loni lnvo `g`wn|nk)`g`wn|nk

ok|gvknxoaknc ynkj fgvrgkjnvwm+

Lavakjnk Lgx|vw`|oe wk|w` igcn`w`nk rgifgvxomnk xghnvn |a|nc oko igvwrn`nk zn|n` lnvo

fgvfnjno inhni fgk|w` `g`gvnxnk lnk lnrn| dwjn lo|giw`nk rnln rgifnk|nonk inxxnc lo

Oklakgxon+ Lo`aifoknxo`nk lgkjnk hgvo|n inxn cncw ynkj igkjjnifnv`nk nkhnink

`gvwxn`nk |a|nc# `g`gvnxnk rgifgvxomnk lojnifnv`nk xgfnjno cnkj`nm ynkj lorgvcw`nk

igkwdw cokj`nvnk rgv|wifwmnk# `gninknk lnk `gxgdnm|gvnnk ynkj fnvw+ In`kn rgifnk|nonk

acgm `nvgkn o|w mnvwx lohor|n`nk lncni dwicnm ynkj inxoe+ Kgjnvn ialgvk igioco`o

`g`wnxnnk lnk ncn| `aiwko`nxokyn xgklovo |oln` wk|w` igzwdwl`nk hgvo|n)hgvo|n cnin lgkjnk

hnvn ynkj igkjgvo`nk igcncwo rgifgvxomnk xghnvn |a|nc# igklncni lnk geeoxogk+ Xgdnvnm

iginkj loioco`o |onr inkwxon+ Kniwk# |oln` mnkyn xgavnkj inkwxon# xg|onr fnkjxnrwk dwjn

igioco`o xgdnvnkyn inxokj)inxokj Gvkx| Hnxxovgv igkyn|n`nk fnmzn xgdnvnm `gxn`xonk

guacwxo avjnkoxig rgvnlnfnk xwn|w inxynvn`n|+ Lgkjnk fgjo|w# xgdnvnm xgfgknvkyn lnrn|

lojwkn`nk xgfnjno ialnc nznc wk|w` igkjg|nmwo rvaxgx rgifgk|w`nk xwn|w fnkjxn+ Dnlo

lorgvcw`nk rgifnhnnk wcnkj |gvmnlnr znvoxnk xgdnvnm# |vnjox `gmolwrnk fnkjxn nln lncni

`gvnkj`n rgviwxnk olgk|o|nx `gfnkjxnnk# yn`ko wk|w` iginmnio rvaxgx guncwnxo rgvnlnfnk

fnkjxn Okllakgxon+ Dnkj`nwnk inxn lgrnk ynkj lomnvnr`nk nlncnm |gvfgk|w`kyn xwn|w

`gnvoenk xgdnvnm lnk rnln jocovnkkyn igkwdw fwlnyn raco|o` lgia`vn|ox+

Lgkjnk `gvnkj`n fnhn xgrgv|o o|w# in`n rvaxgx rgifnhnnk |vnjglo rgifnk|nonk lnrn| locomn|

lncni lwn `n|gjavo+ ->/ @n|gjavo Afyg`|oe+ Xgdnvnm |vnjglo `ginkwxonk lo`ndo lnk

lo`cnvoeo`nxo lgkjnk igkjjwkn`nk `n|gjavo afyg`|oe)girovox+ Xoxo rgifnhnnk oko

igkjnklnc`nk nlnkyn `g|gvfw`nnk en`|wnc lnvo afyg` `ndonk ynkj lorgcndnvo+ Iglnk znvoxnk

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88

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

fnkjxn Oklakgxon lnrn| loin`kno xghnvn rvalw`|oe# lgkjnk in`xwl njnv o|w xgiwn lnrn|

igkgdnlo |o|o` |acn` `gxnlnvnk wk|w` igifnkjwk rgvnlnfnk fnkjxn ynkj cgfom fno` lo inxn

lgrnk+ Mollgk Mox|avy ynkj lo|nexov`nk cgzn| `vgn|ouo|nx lgkjnk in`xwl njnv |vnjglo

`ginkwxonk o|w |gvdnlo+

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8?5?+

Hvawhm# Mnvcal#Ioco|gv lnk Raco|o` lo Oklakgxon# Dn`nv|n# Xoknv Mnvnrnk# >?=8+

Ln`g# N+H#Ok |mg Xrovo| ae |mg Vgl Fnk|gkj# Lgk Mnnj 4 \mg Mnjwh# >?:8+

Mgvinznk# H+ Xvo X|ya`a#@voxox Inxynvn`n| Njvnvox#@airnx# > Lgxgifgv 6222+

Iwxm|mnen# I+#Igkjgcacn Cw`n Xgdnvnm \vnjglo Fnkjxn#@airnx# > A`|afgv 622>+

Kavlmac|# Mgk` Xhmwc|g# Jgkgacajo @g`gvnxnk# Lgia`vnxo lnk MNI# uac+ 8# Ka+ ># Egfvwnvo

Invg| 6226# mnc+ =5 >2?+

Xoxzaya# R+ Fnifnkj# Igkgcwxwv Rgvnk Xag`nvka lncni J)82)X!R@O# Xaca4 WL Inynxnvo#

>?=?+

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87

Zgf4 zzz+rg|gv`nxgkln+zavlrvgxx+hai

Ginoc4 iv+`nxgklnBjinoc+hai

Xwcox|ya# Mgvinznk#Rncw Nvo| Lo Cnlnkj \gfw# Dn`nv|n4 @grwx|n`nnk Rarwcgv Jvniglon+ 6222+

Xwklmnwxgk# Wce# Raco|o` Ioco|gv Oklakgxon >??5: Igkwdw Lzo Ewkjxo NFVO# Dn`nv|n 4

CR8GX# >?=5+

Cgjjg# Dmak L# Xag`nvka Xgfwnm Foajvneo Raco|o`# Dn`nv|n 4 Xoknv Mnvnrnk# >?=7+

\oi OXNO#Fnynkj)Fnynkj R@O# Dn`nv|n 4 Okx|o|w| X|wlo Nvwx Okeavinxo# >??7+

Iohmngc unk Cnkjgkfgkj g|+nc# Jgx|nrw# in|okyn rnvn dgklvnc lnk rgvnk HON+ _ajyn`nv|n 4

Hgviok# >???+

Tgl# Iwx|o`n# Mollgk Mox|avy+ Xgdnvnm @gfvw|ncnk lnk @gdnmn|nk Kgjnvn Igcnznk

@ginkwxonk+ Oxw)oxw lnk X|vn|gjo Lncni @ak|g`x Xgdnvnm Oklakgxon# Lgia`vnxo lnk

MNI# kac+ 6# Ka+ ># Egfvwnvo Invg| 6226# mnc 5 8:+

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