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Transcript of Tanaman Beracun Di Sekitar Kita
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Poisonous Plants
Ronald Smith, Ph.D.
Extension Horticulturist & Turfgrass Specialist
Created by Andrea Carlson
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Common Poisonous House Plants
Flamingo Flower Anthurium All plant parts containcalcium oxalate
Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips and palate.
Caladium Caladium All plant parts contain
calcium oxalate
Intense irritation of the mucous
membranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips and palate
Clivia Clivia All plant parts containlycorine
Ingestion produces nausea &diarrhea
Dumb Cane Dieffenbachia All plant parts containcalcium oxalate
Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips and palate
Devil's Ivy Epipremnumsyn.Scindapsus
All plant parts containcalcium oxalate
Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips and palate
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Dieffenbachia
Dumb Cane
Common Poisonous House Plants
Caladium
Caladium
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Common NameScientific
NameToxic Parts Symptoms Produced
Poinsettia Euphorbiapulcherrima
Milky latex sap containsterpenes & diterpenes
If swallowed =nausea, diarrhea,vomiting & irritation.
Skin contact = severe irritation
Ivy Hedera Leaves & berries contain
hederin, a saponin
Ingestion produces burning
sensation in throat &gastroenteritis
Amaryllis Hippeastrum Bulbs contain licorine Ingestion causes nausea &diarrhea
Myrtle Myrtuscommunis
Plant parts contain tannin& volatile oils
Ingestion causes nausea &vomiting
Swiss Cheese Plant Monstera Leaves contain calciumoxalate
Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swellingof the tongue, lips & palate
Common Poisonous House Plants
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Hedera spp.
Common Poisonous House Plants
Myrtus communis
Myrtle
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Poinsettia
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Common Name Scientific Name Toxic Parts Symptoms Produced
Oleander Nerium oleander Plant parts containglycosides
One leaf is fatal & will disrupt heartfunction, trigger circulatory failure &lead to death
Oxalis Oxalis Plant parts containoxalic acid
Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting,& kidney inflammation
Heart-LeafPhilodendron
Philodendronscandens
Plant parts containcalcium oxalate
Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips & palate
Aralia Polyscias Plant parts containsaponins Ingestion causes gastrointestinalirritation, nausea, vomiting &diarrhea
Common Poisonous House Plants
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Philodendron scandens
Heart Leaf, Sweetheart Plant
Common Poisonous House Plants
Oxalis spp.
Oxalis
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Common NameScientific
NameToxic Parts Symptoms Produced
AustralianUmbrella Tree
Schefflera syn.Brassaia
All plant parts containoxalic acid & saponins
Ingestion = vomiting, loss ofcoordination, & other symptoms
Jerusalem Cherry Solanumpseudocapsicum
Fruit contains solanine, ahighly toxic glyco-alkaloid
Ingestion = burning sensation inmouth & throat, followed bygastric irritation, fever & diarrhea
Peace Lily Spathiphyllum All plant parts containcalcium oxalate
Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips & palate
Arrowhead Vine Syngonium All plant parts containcalcium oxalate
Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips & palate
Common Poisonous House Plants
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Spathiphyllum wallisiiPeace Lily
Common Poisonous House Plants
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Herbal medicine is the use of drugs found in plants forprevention and cure of disease. Some are safe but others mayproduce harmful side effects.
FDA approval is not required for package or marketing claims.
Unlike approved drugs, herbs are almost entirely unregulatedfor safety, uniformity of contents, and contamination.
Herbal remedies may have other unlabeled medicines or
materials mixed in with them.
Many herbal medicines are taken by drinking a tea. Avoidconcentrating or over-steeping a tea remedy.
Herbal extracts, tablets, and powders are also used.
Herbal Medicines
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The correct dose of herbal products is often hard to determine.
When herbs are taken with a prescribed or over-the-counter drug,health problems may occur. It is wise to check with your doctor.
Because scientific studies have not been done on man herbs,pregnant women, breast feeding mothers, infants and young childrenshould probably not use herbs. Older people with serious healthconditions should also be careful about the use of herbs.
An herbal treatment that does not work, even if it won't hurt you, coulddelay getting necessary medical treatment.
A "natural" product from a plant is not necessarily better than thesame chemical produced in a laboratory.
Some herbal products contain active ingredients that can produceunexpected side effects (for example, Saw palmetto contains
estrogen, a female hormone).
Herbal Medicines
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Examples of potentially harmful plant remedies:
Herbal Medicines
Herb Scientific Name Potential Toxic Effect
Borage Borago officinalis Skin irritation
Calamus Acorus calamus Skin irritation, stomach upset, may cause cancer
Chaparral Larrea indentata Liver damage
Comfrey Symphytum officinale Liver damage
Ephedra;Ma-huang
Ephedra sinica) Agitation, high blood pressure, rapid heart beat,convulsions
Germander Teucrium chamaedrys Liver damage
Life root Senecio aureus Liver damage
Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium Liver damage. Concentrated oil can causeconvulsions, shock, & multi organ failure
Sassafras Sassafras albidum Liver damage. Concentrated oil can causehallucinations, trembling, shock, & possiblycancer
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Harmful Herbal Medicines
Borago officinalisBorage
Mentha pulegium
Pennyroyal
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Mushrooms
Eating any mushrooms collected outdoors should beconsidered dangerous. Call the Poison Control Center even ifyou only think that someone has eaten one. Even after aserious poisoning, symptoms may not appear until many hourslater. Do not wait until symptoms appear
Symptoms of severe mushroom poisoning can include intensevomiting and diarrhea and can lead to liver failure and death
Eating mushrooms collected outdoors can be very risky,because many poisonous mushrooms look and taste like ones
that are safe to eat. There is no easy way to tell the differencebetween safe and unsafe mushrooms
Teach children never to touch or taste outdoor mushrooms
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
Plant Name Botanical Name Toxic Plant Part Symptoms
Air potato Dioscorea bulbifera Raw fruit Abdominal pain, nausea
Algerian Ivy Hedera canariensis All parts Diarrhea, nervousness,labored respiration,convulsions
Allamanda Allamandaspp. All parts Nausea, high temperature,dryness of the mouth
Amaryllis Amaryllis spp. Bulbs & seeds Gastrointestinal problems,vomiting, diarrhea
American Arborvitae Thuja occidentalis Leaves Low blood pressure,convulsions
Angel's Trumpet Daturaspp All parts Blurring of vision, delirium
Anise-tree Illicium floridanum,Illicium anisatum
Leaves Abdominal pain, vomiting,convulsions, death
Azalea Rhododendronspp. All parts Nausea, vomiting, weakness,dizziness, breathing difficulty,coma
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
Rhododendron spp.
AzaleaHippeastrum spp.
Amaryllis
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Plant Name Botanical Name Toxic Plant Part Symptoms
Barberry Berberisspp. All parts Depressant action on theheart muscle
Black Locust Robiniapseudoacacia
bark, seeds Nausea, weakness,depression
Boxwood Buxus sempervirens Leaves Gastric, vomiting
Buckeye Aesculusspp. All parts parts digestive irritant,nausea, vomiting
Caladium, Caladium bicolor All parts Burning in mouth & throat,vomiting
Calla-lily Zante deschiaspp. All parts Burning and inflammation of
the mouth and throat
Castor bean Ricinus communis Seeds Burning in mouth & throat,gastric and intestinalproblems
Century Plant Agave americana Leaves Vomiting, diarrhea
Cherry (all species) Prunusspp. Leaves bark, seeds Gasping, nervous disorder
Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
Berberis spp. Barberry
Zante deschia spp.
Calla Lily
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1205&search=true&resultNo=5http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant3277&search=true&resultNo=2http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1205&search=true&resultNo=5http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1201&search=true&resultNo=1 -
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Plant Name Botanical Name Toxic Plant Part Symptoms
Clematis Clematisspp All parts Gastro-intestinal irritation
Crinum Lily Crinumspp Bulb Vomiting, diarrhea
Delphinium Delphiniumspp. All parts Digestive upset, nervous excitement ordepression
Elderberry Sambucuscanadensis
Root, bark,stem, leaves
Raw berries may cause nausea. Fruitcommonly made into pies, jelly and wine -not harmful when cooked
Elephant Ear Colocasiaesculenta
All parts Intense burning and irritation of the tongue
English Ivy Hedera helix Leaves, stems,fruits
Headache, fever, anxiety, breathingdifficulty, coma
Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
Hedera Helix
English IvyClematis spp. Clematis
Delphinium spp.
Delphinium
Colocasia esculenta
Elephants Ear
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1382&search=true&resultNo=1http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1423&search=true&resultNo=1http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1614&search=true&resultNo=3http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1382&search=true&resultNo=1http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1795&search=true&resultNo=1 -
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Plant Name Botanical Name Toxic Plant Part Symptoms
Eucalyptus. Eucalyptusspp Leaves Vomiting, diarrhea, weakness,respiratory diff iculty, nausea
False Indigo Baptisiaspp. All parts Paralysis
Firethorn Pyracanthaspp Berries Stomach ache, blistering of tongue,
vomiting
Four-o-clock root Mirabilis jalpa Seeds Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Ginkgo (female) Ginkgo biloba Fruit Violent stomach pain, kidney disorders
Gloriosa Lily Gloriosa superba All parts Numbness of lips, tongue and throat,nervous system paralysis
Holly Ilexspp. Berries Vomiting, diarrhea
Honeysuckle, Japanese& Trumpet
Lonicerajaponica,L.sempervirens
All parts Diarrhea, pupil dilation, irregularheartbeat, respiratory failure, coma
Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
Lonicera japonica, L.sempervirens
Japanese & Trumpet Honeysuckle
Illex spp.
Holly
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Plant Name Botanical Name Toxic Plant Part Symptoms
Smooth Hydrangea,Oakleaf Hydrangea,Bigleaf Hydrangea
Hydrangea quercifolia,
Hydrangea macrophylla
Hydrangea arborescens
Leaves, bark Gastric, intestinal,convulsions
Impatiens, balsam Impatiensspp. Stem, leaves, root Vomiting, diarrhea
Iris Irisspp. Underground stems Severe digestive tract
discomfort
Jack-in-the-Pulpit Arisaemaspp. All parts Mouth and throat irritation,vomiting
Juniper Juniperusspp. Berry-like seeds Kidney damage
Lantana Lantanaspp. Fruit Gastric, vomiting, diarrhea,circulatory collapse
Lily-of-the-Valley Convallaria majalis All parts Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,irregular heartbeat and pulse,mental confusion
Lilies (Rain Lily,
Atamasco Lily,Easter Lily)
Zephyranthusspp. All parts Dizziness, stomach pain,collapse, fatal to livestock
Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
Lantana spp.
Lantana
ydrangea quercifolia, H.macrophylla H.arborescens Smooth
Hydrangea, Oakleaf Hydrangea, Bigleaf Hydrangea
Impatiens spp.
ImpatiensIris spp.
Iris
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2071&search=true&resultNo=2http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2056&search=true&resultNo=7http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2008&search=true&resultNo=3http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2017&search=true&resultNo=7http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2015&search=true&resultNo=6http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2149&search=true&resultNo=1 -
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Plant Name Botanical Name Toxic PlantPart
Symptoms
Mahonia Mahonia spp. All parts Depressant action on the heartmuscle
Mimosa Albizzia spp All parts Intestinal irritation
Morning Glory Ipomoea spp. Seeds, root Hallucinations, vomiting, diarrhea,
muscle tightness
Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia Leaves, twigs,flowers
Gastric, paralysis, convulsions
Oleander Nerium oleander L All parts Dizziness, irregular heart beat,nausea, convulsions, death. This isone of the most toxic ornamentalplants in the southeast
OrnamentalTobacco
Nicotiana spp. All parts Weakness, diarrhea, abdominalpain, paralysis
Periwinkle (vine) Vinca minor All parts Intestinal irritation
Periwinkle (annual) Catharanthus roseus All parts Hallucinations, damage to liver,kidney, nervous system
Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
Impomoea spp.
Morning glory
Nerium oleander
Oleander
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2424&search=true&resultNo=1http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2069&search=true&resultNo=8 -
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Plant Name Botanical Name Toxic Plant Part Symptoms
Plumbago Plumbago spp. Leaves, stems Stomach pain
Privet Ligustrum spp. Fruit Nausea, headache, abdominal pain,vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure
Sago Palm Cycas revoluta Seeds, roots,trunk pith
Headache, vomiting, stomach disorders
Sweet shrub Calycanthusfloridus
Seeds Affects central nervous system, spasms,increased heart rate
Trumpet Creeper(Chalice Vine)
Campsis radicans All parts exceptfruit
Gastric irritation, dilated pupils,numbness in hands
Virginia Creeper(Woodbine) Parthenocissusquinquefolia Berries, leaves Nausea, bloody vomiting, abdominalpain, kidney damage, headache
Wisteria Wisteria spp Pods, seeds Stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea,vomiting
Yew Taxus spp. Berries, foliage Foliage more toxic than berries, deathcan be sudden without symptoms
Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans
Wisteria spp.
Wisteria
Campsis radicans
Trumpet Vine
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1296&search=true&resultNo=1http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant3272&search=true&resultNo=2 -
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If you have small children or curious pets, consider removing toxicplants from your garden and house.
Before buying a plant, have the store tell you the name of the plantand label it with both the common and botanical name.
Show grandparents and baby sitters where the plant label is. It is veryhard for Poison Specialists to identify plants from a description givenon the phone. Know the names of your plants before a poisoninghappens.
House plants should be placed out of the reach of the very young.
Store labeled bulbs and seeds safely away from children and pets.Avoid confusing bulbs with onions you can eat.
Use protective gloves and clothing when handling plants that may beirritating to the skin. Wash clothes afterwards.
Preventing Poisoning Exposures
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Do not eat plants or mushrooms collected outdoors, unless you arecertain that they are safe.
Teach children not to put any part of a plant in the mouth. This meansleaves, stems, bark, seeds, nuts, berries and bulbs.
Do not allow children to suck nectar from flowers or make "tea" fromthe leaves.
Never chew, or let children chew, on jewelry made from seeds orbeans.
Throw away plant leaves and flowers in a safe way so that children
and pets cannot get to them.
Smoke from fires made of twigs and other parts of poisonous plants,including poison oak, can irritate or harm the eyes, throat and otherparts of the body.
As a general rule, plants toxic to humans are also toxic to pets.http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
Preventing Poisoning Exposures
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Mouth: Remove any remaining parts of the plant or mushroomfrom victim's mouth and clean out the mouth. Give a small amountof water.
Skin: Wash any skin exposed to the plant with soap and cool wateras soon as possible.
Eyes: Flush eyes with lukewarm water for 10-15 minutes. Be verygentle, as vigorous or prolonged rinsing can hurt the eyes.
Treatment of Exposure
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Poison control
For nearest Poison Control:Hennepin Regional Poison CenterHennepin County Medical Center
1-800-222-1222
If vomiting is recommended by the Poison Control Center oryour doctor, use only Syrup of Ipecac.
Do not use anything else, and do not put your finger in thethroat to cause gagging, which can cause more injury.
If advised to take the person to the hospital, bring the plant or apiece of it along with the label.
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Questions?