Tuberculosis Talk
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Transcript of Tuberculosis Talk
![Page 1: Tuberculosis Talk](https://reader036.fdokumen.site/reader036/viewer/2022062400/588592fd1a28ab84668b74c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TBpenyakit
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This presentation is an upgraded versionDedicated to educate Pakcik and Makcik
on TBPresented by my lovely wife
wanyusof.comslideskills.com
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9000000penyakit TB jenis berjangkit setiap tahun
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4700kematian setiap hari
4700KEMATIAN setiap hari
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2000000000penduduk dunia telah dijangkiti kuman TB
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TB
TBKELANTANMALAYSIA
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1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
TB cases (All forms) 764 741 845 858 865 953 1037 1072 1150 1277 1270 1354 1324 1333 1448 1436
TB cases (infectious form) 545 551 558 552 552 652 644 651 712 770 820 814 762 744 768 800
Notification rate (infectious form) 38.3 37.5 36.5 42.7 41 48.5 46.8 44 48.1 49.5 52.5 51 47.6 48 48 49
Notification rate (All forms) 53.2 50.3 55.3 66.2 64.3 70.9 75.4 72.4 77.7 82.1 82.1 84.4 81.02 87 90 88
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Kelantan TB Notification Rate 1997- 2012
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• Sebanyak 1436 kes TB semua jenis dilaporkan
• 800 (56%) adalah TB jenis berjangkit
• Tren kadar notifikasi TB semua jenis sedikit menurun
• Tren kadar notifikasi TB jenis berjangkit ‘plateau’
Kelantan 2012
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Bilangan Kejadian Kes Tibi Semua Jenis Dari Tahun 2001-2013 Daerah Pasir Puteh
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Mukim 20112011 20122012 2013Bukit JawaBukit Jawa 2424 2424 21Bukit AbalBukit Abal 1313 1111 13Pdg. Pak AmatPdg. Pak Amat 1515 1414 13LimbonganLimbongan 1919 1515 13JeramJeram 1010 77 6Gong DatokGong Datok 1414 1515 5Bukit AwangBukit Awang 44 44 9SemerakSemerak 2323 2222 15
JUMLAHJUMLAH 122122 112112 95
Taburan kes mengikut mukimTaburan kes mengikut mukim
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apa itu
TB
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penyakit
Berjangkit
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mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Jangkitan akan berlaku apabila menyedut titisan udara yang mengandungi kuman TB
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Lungs (73%)Otak
Sendi & TulangBuah Pinggang
KulitLain-lain organ
Sistem edaran darah & Limfatik
Sel makrofag Alviolus
Titisan udara yang
mengandungi kuman TB
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TBboleh
menyerangsebarang
organ
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• Sistem pertahanan badan berperanan penting• 10% dari individu yang dijangkiti yang normal sistem
pertahanan badan akan menjadi pesakit TB • Keadaan yang meningkatkan risiko menghidapi penyakit TB:
– Kencing manis –3X– HIV – 100X– Pengambilan ubat steroid dalam tempoh yang panjang– Penyalahgunaan dadah– Silicosis– Cancer– chronic malabsorption syndromes– Kurang berat badan (<10% berat badan ideal)– Kegagalan buah pinggang– intestinal bypass / gastrectomy
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• Batuk berpanjangan (> 2 minggu),berkahak
• Sakit dada• Batuk berdarah• Demam• Hilang selera makan• Kurang berat badan• Letih• Berpeluh malam
Simptom Penyakit TB
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Diagnosa TBTuberculin Test (Mantoux) 1
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Ujian makmal: Pemeriksaan kahak – 3X• Memerlukan kahak yang berkualiti• Kaedah: Pemwarnaan Ziehl-Neelson• Ujian pengesahan jika positif kuman TB (Acid
Fast Bacilli)
2
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Ujian makmal: Kultur AFB• Memakan masa yang lama (3-6 bulan)• Dilakukan di Makmal Kesihatan Awam
Kebangsaan, Sungai Buloh, Selangor• Ujian pengesahan jika positif kuman TB (Acid
Fast Bacilli)
3
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Pemeriksaan X-Ray
Normal Pesakit TB
4
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Paru-paru kiri: Cyst & fibrosis 2/3 Paru-paru kanan & 1/3 kiri: Dense lesion 2/3 right
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Siapakah yang paling berisiko dijangkiti TB?
• Orang yang berada/tinggal berdekatan dengan pesakit – Kontak:
ahli keluarga, teman sebilik, rakan sekerja, kawan rapat
• Kadar jangkitan kepada kontak: 21-23% (CDC Report)
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adakah penyakit
TB boleh
dirawat?
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adakah penyakit
TB boleh
dirawat?YAPenyakit TB boleh dirawat sepenuhnya jika dikesan awal dan mengambil rawatan mengikut arahan
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– Menyembuhkan– Mengelak dari menjangkiti
orang lain– Mengurangkan morbiditi dan
mortaliti– Menghalang jangkitan semula
TB (Relapse)– Mengelak kejadian Rentang
TB (Multi-Drug Resistance)
Tujuan Merawat TB
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• Kombinasi ubat yang betul• Kekuatan (Dos) yang betul• Tempoh yang betul• Sesuai dengan pesakit• Diselia dengan betul (DOTS)
Prinsip Rawatan TB
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• Pengambilan ubat setiap hari
• Tempoh: 2 Bulan
• Pengambilan ubat 2X /3X seminggu
• Tempoh: 4 Bulan
Fasa intensif Fasa Sambungan
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StreptomycinStreptomycin SSIsoniazidIsoniazid HH 100 mg100 mgRifampicin Rifampicin RR 150/300 mg150/300 mgPyrazinamide Pyrazinamide ZZ 500 mg500 mgEthambutolEthambutol EE 400 mg400 mg
Ubat Penyakit TB
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• Suntikan BCG - bayi• Dapatkan pemeriksaan segera jika
ada gejala TB• Kontak TB perlu menjalani
pemeriksaan saringan TB
Cara Mencegah TB
..
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• Rumah- cahaya matahari dapat masuk & peredaran udara baik
• Amalkan pemakanan sihat dan seimbang
• Jangan meludah merata-rata• Tutup mulut semasa batuk/bersin
Cara Mencegah TB
..
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Dapatkan Pemeriksaan Awal Dan Rawatan Di Semua Klinik Kesihatan dan Hospital Kerajaan-PERCUMA
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wanyusof.comTerima Kasih
..