UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Peperiksaan Kursus Semester Cuti PanjangSidang Akademik 2002/2003

April 2003

IEK 101- PENGHITUNGAN PROSES KINIIA

Masa : 3 jam

Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi DUABELAS mukasurat(termasuk TUJUH keping Lampiran) yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakanpeperiksaan ini .

Jawab LIMA (5) soalan . Semua soalan mesti dijawab dalam Bahasa Malaysia .

Menurut tindak balas berikut :

4 FeS2 + 15 02 -+ 2 Fe203 + 8 S03

(i)

(ii)

(iv)

- 2[IEK 101]

Hitungkan berat pirit (FeS2) dan berat oksigen dikehendaki dan beratFe203 terbentuk untuk menghasilkan 100 kg S03;

Apakah isipadu S03 akan menempati pada keadaan standard (STP) ?Isipadu suatu gas pada STP ialah 22.414 L/g-mol .

Kirakan haba tindak balas kimia untuk tindak balas berikut:

CsH12(l) + 8 02(g)

= 5 C02(g) + 6 H20(1)

CH4(9) + 02(g) = HCHO(g) + H20(g)

C2HSOH(g) = CH3CHO(g) + H2(g)

2 NaOH(aq) + H2S04(aq) = Na2SO4(s) + 2 H20(1)

Diberi : C02(g),

OHf= - 393.5 kJ ;C5Hi2(1),

OHf= - 173.0 kJ ;HCHO(g), OHf=- 115.9 kJ ;C2HSOH(g), Me = - 1409.25 kJ ;H2(9), OH, _ - 285.84 kJ ;H2S04(aq), OHf= - 907.51 kJ ;

(50 markah)

H20(1),

OHf= - 285.84 kJCH4(9),

OHf= - 74.85 kJH20(g), OHf = - 241 .83 kJCH3CHO(g), OH, _ - 1192.4 kJNaOH(aq), AHf = - 469.4 kJNa2SO4(s), OHf = - 1384.5 kJ

(50 markah)

[IEK 101]

2.

Suatu gas pengeluar daripada arang kok mempunyai komposisi berikut mengikutmol:

CO 38.0CO 2 3 .0N2 59.0

100.0

Campuran gas ini akan dibakar dengan oksigen daripada udara yang dibekalkan 25kelebihan . Jika proses pembakaran adalah 90 % sempurna, hitungkan berat dan

komposisi dalam % isipadu gas-gas yang meninggalkan kamar pembakaran bagisetiap 100 kg-mol gas pengeluar yang dibakar .

3 .

(a)

Suatu campuran gas yang mengandungi 25 % mol C02

dan 75 % NH3 akandiserapkan oleh searus larutan asid untuk menyingkirkan ammonia. Campurangas yang meninggalkan alat penyerap itu mengandungi 37.5 % NH3.Anggapkan bahawa larutan asid tersebut hanya dapat menyerapkan ammonia.Apakah peratusan ammonia asal telah disingkirkan ?

(100 markah)

(50 markah)

Suatu larutan yang berkepekatan 40 % mol etilena diklorida di dalam tolueneadalah disuapkan pada kadar 100 kg-mol/h ke dalam satu turus penyulingan .Dalam keadaan mantap, hasil atas proses penyulingan ini mengandungi 95mol etilena diklorida dan hasil bawah mengandungi 10 % mol etilenadiklorida. Kirakan kadar aliran untuk kedua-dua arus hasil atas dan hasilbawah.

(50 markah)

- 4

S02 + 0.502 -+ S03OH25oc = - 23,490 cal/g-mol

(i) persamaan gas unggul

(ii)

jadual stim

Kaedah manakah akan memberi nilai yang palingjitu?

[IEK 101]

4.

Sulfur dioksida (SO2) dibakar dengan 100 % kelebihan uadara. Proses pembakarantersebut adalah 80 % sempurna. Gas-gas memasuki reaktor pada 300°C clan keluarpada 500°C. Kirakan haba, dalam kcal, yang terlibat per kg-mol S02 dibakar.

(100 markah)

5.

(a)

Penuhkan jadual berikut bagi air. Lukis semula jadual ini dalam kertas jawapananda .

(40 markah)

(b)

200 g air tepu diwapkan sepenuhnya pada tekanan malar 100 kPa. Tentukan

(i)

perubahan isipadu

(ii) jumlah tenaga yang ditambah kepada air

(iii)

lakarkan proses ini dalam gambarajah P-v merujuk kepada garisan tepu .

(30 markah)

(c)

Tentukan isipadu spesifik bagi wap panas lampau (H20) pada 8MPa clan 400°Cmenggunakan :

(30 markah)

Suhu(°C) TekanankPa

h (kJ/kg) x (kualiti) Penerangan Fasa

250 1500100 0

300 3000

6.

(a)

Satu gas mempunyai komposisi berikut:

C02 10%CH4 40%C2H4 50%

[IEK 101]

36 lb gas ini perlu dimasukkan dalam setiap silinder . Silinder hendaklahdirekabentuk supaya tekanan maksimum tidak melebihi 2400 psig apabila suhuialah 180°F. Hitung isipadu silinder yang perlu menggunakan kaedahpseudokritik/Kay .

(40 markah)

(b) Satu pekerja memasukkan udara kering kepada satu paip tegar (garispusatdalaman 30 mm dan 20 m panjang) untuk memeriksa samada terdapatkebocoran. Suhu dan tekanan mutlak udara di dalam paip adalah 35t dan205kPa. Pekerja tersebut kembali selepas 24 jam dan mendapati bahawatekanan mutlak telah jatuh kepada 183 kPa, dan suhu di dalam paip adalah21 °C. Adakah paip tersebut bocor? Jika ya, kira jisim udara yang telah keluardisebabkan kebocoran.

(30 markah)

(c)

Satu injap tertebat digunakan untuk untuk mendikitkan (throttle) stim daripada8 MPa dan 500°C kepada 6MPa. . Tentukan suhu akhir stim tersebut.

(30 markah)

' 'TABLE-

MEAN MOLAL HEAT CAPACITIES OF GASES BETWEEN 25 ANDt° C (p = 0)

g-cal/(gmole) (H-)

6 -

LAMPIRAN

IEK 101

t Hz N2 CO Air 02 NO H2O CO2 HCl C12 CH4 S02 C2H4 S03 CSH4

25 6.894 6.961 6.965 6.972 7.017 7.134 8 .024 8 .884 6 .96 8.12 8.55 9 .54 10.45 12 .11 12 .63100 6.924 6.972 6.983 6.996 7.083 7.144 8.084 9 .251 6 .97 8 .24 8.98 9 .85 11 .35 12 .84 13 .76200 6 .957 6.996 7.017 7.021 7.181 7.224 8 .177 9 .701 6 .98 8 .37 9 .62 10 .25 12 .53 13 .74 15 .27300 6 .970 7.036 7.070 7.073 7.293 7.252 8.215 10 .108 7.00 8 .48 10 .29 10 .62 13 .65 14 .54 16.72400 6 .982 7 .089 7 .136 7 .152 7.406 7.301 8.409 10 .462 7.02 8.55 10 .97 10 .94 14 .67 15 .22 18.11500 6 .995 7 .159 7 .210 7 .225 7 .515 7 .389 8.539 10.776 7.06 8 .61 11 .65 11 .22 15 .60 15 .82 19 .39600 7.011 7 .229 7 .289 7 .299 7 .616 7 .470 8.678 11 .053 7.10 8.66 12 .27 11 .45 16 .45 16 .33 20.58700 7.032 7.298 7.365 7 .374 7 .706 7 .549 8.816 11 .303 7.15 8.70 12 .90 11 .66 17 .22 16 .77 21 .68800 7.060 7.369 7.443 7.447 7.792 7 .630 8.96311-53 7.21 8 .73 13 .48 11 .84 17 .95 17 .17 22 .72900 7 .076 7.443 7 .521 7.520 7.874 7.708 9.109 11 .74 7.27 8 .77 14 .04 12 .01 18 .63 17.52 23 .69

1000 7 .128 7 .507 7 .587 7.593 7 .941 7 .773 9 .246 11 .92 7.33 8 .80 14 .56 12..15 19 .23 17.86 24 .56, 1100 7 .169 7 .574 7 .653 7 .660 8.009 7 .839 9 .389 12 .10 7.39 8 .82 15.04 12 .28 19 .81 18.17 25 .401200 7.209 7 .635 7 .714 7 .719 8 .068 7.898 9.524 12 .25 7 .45 8.94 15.49 12 .39 20 .33 18 .44 26 .151300 7.252 7.692 7.772 7.778 8.123 7.952 9 .66 12 .391400 7.288 7.738 7.818 7.824 8.166 7 .994 9.77 12 .501500 7.326 7.786 7.866 7.873 8.203 8 .039 9 .89 12 .691600 7.386 7 .844 7.922 7.929 8.269 8.092 9 .95 12 .751700 7.421 7 .879 7.958 7 .965 8.305 8.124 10 .13 12 .701800 7 .467 7 .924 8 .001 8 .010 8.349 8.164 10 .24 12 .941900 7.505 7.957 8 .033 8 .043 8 .383 8.192 10 .34 13 .012000 7.548 7.994 8.069 8 .081 8 .423 8 .225 10 .43 13 .102100 7.588 8.028 8.101 8.115 8.460 8 .255 10 .52 13.172200 7.624 8.054 8.127 8.144 8.491 8 .277 10 .61 13.24

CONVERSION

LAMPIRANFACTORS AND

IEK 101CONSTANTSOF NATURE

t Values that end in an asterisk are met, try de6nitioo .

Avogadro numberbarrel (petroleum)

bar

lbj,Cn .= ..particles/g motIt1gal .(U.S .)m'N/,2

lbffin .=

14.6966.022169 x 10115.614642*0.15899I- x 10,14504

Boltzmann constant J/K 1 .380622 x 10'' 1Btu -ml, 251996

ft4br 778.17J 1055.06kWh 29307 x 10"

Btu/1b calrr/g 055556BtuAb-°F cater/g-°C 1 .Btu/ft1 -h W/m1 3 .1546Btu/ft'-h.*F . .W/,2_.C 5.6783

kcal/m1 -h-K 4.882Btu-ft/ftz-h-°F W-m/m=°C 1.73073

kcal/m-h-K 1 .488

Cal, Btu -3.9683 x 10'ft-lb, 3.0873J 4.1868 .

cal J 4.184 .CM in. 0.39370

It 0.0328084ctrl ft1 3.531467 x 10' 1

gal (US) 264172 x 10- 'cP (centipoise) kg/m-s 1 . x 10 -1

Ib/1t-h 24191lb/ft-s 6.7197 x 10"

cSt (ccntistoke) . m=/s 1 . x 10'6faraday C/8 mot 9.648670 x 10'ft m 0.3048*ft46f Btu 1 .2851 x 10" 1

Cal, 032383J 135582

ft-lbf/s Btu/h 4.6262hp 1 .81818 x 10' 1

ft1/h m 1/s 2581 x 10' 1ctrl/s 0.2581

ft1 ant 28316839 x IVgal (US .) 7.48052L 2831684

ft'-atm Btu 271948raln. 685.29J 2.8692 x 101

ft1/s gal (U.S)/min 448.83gal (US.) ft1 0.13368

in .' . 231 .gravitational constant N-m 1/kg1 6.673 x 10-11gravity acceleration, standard m/s1 9.80665-h min 60.

s 3600 .hp Btu)h 2544A3

kW' 0.74624hp/1000 gal kW/m 1 0.197in. cto 254*in 3 an 3 16 .3871J erg' 1 . x 101

ft-lbf 0.73756kg Ib 220462kWh Btu 34121L m1 1 . x 10' 1Ib kg 0.45359237 .ib/ft 3 kg/m 1 16.018

g/an 1 0.016018ibr An! N/m1 6.89473 x 10 1Ib mol/ft 1-h kg mot/m 1-s 1 .3562 x 10" 1

g mot/em=-s 1 .3562 x 10"`light, speed of m/s 2997925 x 10 1m It 3 .280840

in. 393701m' It3 35 .3147

gal (U.S.) 264.17N dyn 1 . x 10,

lb, 0.22481N/m 1 lb fln. 1 1 .4498 x 10"Planck constant J-s 6.626196 x 10' 11proof (US.) percent alcohol by volume 0.5'ton (long) kg 1016

lb 2240.ton (short) lb 2000.ton (metric) Its 1000,

lb 2204.6yd ft . .3.~__ .

m 0.9144-

To convert from To Multiply byr

acre ft 2 43,560*m= 4046.85

atm N/m 1 1 .01325 " x 101

ATOMIC WEIGHTSAND NUMBERSTABLE B.1

Relative Atomic Weights, 1965 (Based on the Atomic Mass of 12C =12)The values for atomic weights given in the table apply to elements as they exist in nature,without artificial alteration of their isotopic composition, and, further, to natural mixtures thatdo not include isotopes of radiogenic origin .

LAMPIRAN (IEK 101)

Appendix 10

SOURCE : Compres Rendus, 23rd IUPAC Conference, 1965, Bptterworth's. London. 1965 . on. 177-178. 0 *9/-

Name SymbolAtomicNumber

AtomicWeight Name Symbol

AtomicNumber

AtomicWeight

Actinium Ac 89 - Mercury Hg 80 20059Aluminum Al 13 26.9815 Molybdenum Mo 42 95.94Americium Am 95 - Neodymium Nd 60 144.24Antimony Sb 51 121.75 Neon Ne 10 20.183Argon Ar 18 39.948 Neptunium Np 93 -Arsenic As 33 74.9216 Nickel Ni 28 58.71Astatine At 85 - Niobium Nb 41 92.906Barium Ba 56 137.34 Nitrogen N 7 14.0067Berychum Bk 97 - Nobelium No 102 -Beryllium Be 4 9.0122 Osmium Os 75 190.2Bismuth Bi 83 208.980 Oxygen 0 8 15.9994Boron B 5 10.811 Palladium Pd 46 106.4Bromine Br 35 79.904 Phosphorus P 15 30.9738Cadmium Cd 48 112.40 Platinum Pt 78 195.09Caesium Cs 55 132.905 Plutonium Pu 94 -Calcium Ca 20 40.08 Polonium Po 84Californium Cf 98 - Potassium K 19 39.102Carbon C 6 12.01115 Praseodym Pr 59 140.907Cerium Ce 58 140.12 Promethium Pm 61 -Chlorine CI 17 35.453b Protactinium Pa 91 -Chromium Cr 24 51.996b Radium Ra 88 -Cobalt Co 27 58.9332 Radon Rn 86 -Coppcr Cu 29 63.546b Rhenium Re 75 186.2Curium Cm 96 - Rhodium Rh 45 102.905Dysprosium Dy 66 162.50 Rubidium Rb - 37 8457Einsteinium Es 99 - Ruthenium Ru 44 101 .07Erbium Er 68 167.26 Samarium Sm 62 150.35Europium Eu 63 151.96 Scandium Sc 21 44.956Fcrmium Fm 100 - Selenium Se 34 78.96Flourine F 9 18.9984 Silicon Si 14 28.086Francium Fr 87 - Silver Ag 47 107.868Gadolinium Gd 64 157.25 Sodium Na 11 22.9898Gallium Ga 31 69.72 Strontium Sr 38 87.62Gcrmanium Ge 32 72.59 Sulfur S 16 32.064Gold Au 79 196.967 Tantalum Ta 73 180.948Hafnium Hf 72 178.49 Technetium Tc 43 -Helium He 2 4.0026 Tellurium Te 52 127.60Holmium Ho 67 164.930 Terbium Tb 65 158.924Hydrogen H 1 1.00797 Thallium TI 81 204.37Indium In 49 114.82 Thorium Th 90 232.038Iodine 1 53 126.9044 Thulium Tm 59 168.934Iridium Ir 77 192.2 Tin Sn 50 118.69Iron Fe 26 55.847 Titanium Ti 22 47.90Krypton Kr 36 83.80 Tungsten W 74 183.85Lanthanum La 57 138.91 Uranium U 92 238.03Lawrencium Lr 103 - Vanadium V 23 50.942Lead Pb 82 207.19 Xenon Xe 54 131.30Lithium Li 3 6.939 Ytterbium Yb 70 173.04Lutetium Lu 71 174.97 Yttrium Y 39 88.905Magnesium Mg 12 24.312 Zinc Zn 30 65.37Manganese Mn 25 54.9380 Zirconium Zr 40 91 .22Mendelevium Md 101 -

Keadaan Standard Biasa bagi Gas Unggul

LAMPIRAN9 -

[IEK 1011

Sistem T p VSI 273.15K 101.325 kPa 22.415 m3/kg molUniversal scientific 0.0°C 760 mm Hg 22.415 liters/g molNatural gas industry 60.0°C 14.696 psia 379.4 ft'fb mol

' (15.0°C) (101 .325 kPa)American engineering 32°F 1 atm 3359.05 ft'!lb mol

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