What is Sociolinguistics? Pertemuan 1
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Transcript of What is Sociolinguistics? Pertemuan 1
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What is Sociolinguistics? Pertemuan 1
Matakuliah : G0362/SociolingusticsTahun : 2007
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Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu :• Menjelaskan apa yang dipelajari dalam
Sosiolinguistik • Menjelaskan faktor sosial yang mempengaruhi
penggunaan bahasa
Learning Outcomes
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• Definisi Sosiolinguistik • Faktor Sosial dalam penggunaan bahasa• Dimensi Sosial• Penjelasan atas beberapa fenomena bahasa
Outline Materi
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What is covered in this course?
• What is sociolinguistics?• What do sociolinguists study?• Why does someone use one language instead of
another?• What are varieties?• Can a language become extinct?• What can we do to keep a language alive?• Do men and women talk differently?
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What is sociolinguistics?• Sociolinguistics is a
field of study that observes the use of language in the society.
• In Sociolinguistics, the object of study is the speakers, how they use the language, and what factors influence them to do so.
• In pure linguistics, the object of the study is the language alone, independent of the speakers and other social factors.
• Pure linguistics is about learning the grammar and how the language works.
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Short Definition• In short, we can say that Sociolinguists study
Who speaks to whom, where, what about, and for what purpose– Who, whom the participants– Where the setting – What about the topic– What purpose the function
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Social FactorsWhat language people choose to speak in an
exchange is determined by social factors: The Participants: e.g. age, ranks, relationships; The Setting: e.g. at home, in a formal meeting,
etc. The Topic: e.g. my tennis skills, cooking, exams; The Function: e.g. getting a loan, hiring a maid,
asking permission to leave the room, etc.
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The Participants• The person you speak to and the kind of
relationship you have with the person determines your choice of– Terms of Address: Mr., Madam, Sir, Your Honor/
Majesty, Pak, Mbak, Mas, or just Memet– Language: formal/informal– Tone of voice or intonation
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The ParticipantsDiscussion Task:How would you ask for some money to a. A bank teller?b. Your mother or father?c. Your brother (younger/older)?d. A good friend?e. A total stranger?
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The Setting• What we mean by settings are the contexts in
which the language exchanges occur:– At school, university– At home – At a law court– In an inauguration ceremony, etc.
• The settings would dictate the use of language: formal or informal.
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Topics• The topic of a language exchange can be
– A subject matter at a school (Maths, English)– A new computer game– Fashion– Mother’s cooking– Father’s new car, etc.
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Function
• The function of a conversation is the reason why two people are speaking to each other at a given moment.e.g. to ask permission, to scold a naughty child, to carry out a wedding ceremony, etc.
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Social Dimensions
Within the social factors above, there are social dimensions:
1. Social Distance (solidarity) scale2. Status scale 3. Formality scale4. Functional scales: referential and affective
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• Solidarity scale:
intimate ______________________ distantHigh solidarity Low
solidarity(language is (language
is less formal) formal)
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• Status ScaleSuperior High status
Subordinate Low status
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Functional ScaleReferential
Low ________________________________high
Low ________________________________ highAffective
The news on TV would be high in referential content but low in affective scale.
A gossip will be highly affective but lowly referential.
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Conclusions• Sociolinguistics is a field of study that research on
how language is used in the community.• The way a person speak to another depends on
some social factors (the participants, setting, topic, and function) and social dimensions (solidarity scale, status scale, formality scale, and functional scales).