Download - Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik

MENTERJEMAH LUKISAN SKEMATIK KEPADA LUKISAN BERGAMBAR DAN MEMBUAT

PROJEKOleh : Krysaid

C1

R2

R1R3

LED 1+

+

555timer

+

-

Circuit Symbols

Wires and connections

Circuit Symbols

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Wires not joinedWires joined

Wire

Power Supplies

Circuit Symbols


Cell

Battery

DC supply

-+

Power Supplies

Circuit Symbols


Fuse

~

AC supply

Earth(Ground)

Circuit Symbols


Push Switch(push-to-make)

Push-to-Break Switch

On-Off Switch(SPST)

2-way Switch/On-on

(SPDT)

Switches

Switches

Circuit Symbols


2-way Switch/On-on

(SPDT)

COM

NO

NC

Resistors

Circuit Symbols


Resistor Rheostat Potentiometer Preset

Capacitors

Circuit Symbols


Capacitor Capacitor, polarised

Variable Capacitor

Trimmer Capacitor

+

Diodes

Circuit Symbols


Diode

LEDLight Emitting Diode

PhotodiodeZener Diode

Meters

Circuit Symbols


Voltmeter GalvanometerAmmeter

V A Ω

Ohmmeter

Digital Multimeter Analogue Multimeter

Output Devices

Circuit Symbols


M

Buzzer

Motor

Lamp (indicator)

Lamp (lighting)

Audio

Circuit Symbols


Microphone Earphone Loudspeaker

Amplifier(general symbol)

Transistors

Circuit Symbols


Transistor NPN

Transistor PNP

Phototransistor

Sensors (input devices)

Circuit Symbols


LDR Light Dependent Resistor Thermistor

Integrated Circuits (Chips)

Circuit Symbols


IC M66TMelody IC

IC 555Timer IC

IC 741Operational Amplifier

5 1 2

3

4 8

7

6

3

2 1

2

3

7

4

6

Circuit Diagrams

Cell Switch Resistor LED Capacitor WiresNot

Joined

WiresJoined

Examples of Circuit symbols

6V

+

6V+

Drawing circuit diagrams

The electronics way( + at the top )

The science way( battery at the top )

1M

100k

220µF

0.1µF

9V

LED 1

LED 2

470Ω

S1

33k

555timer

8 42

6

7 1

3

Circuit Diagram

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

555XXXX

+

+

+

X

9V

S1

LED 2

LED 1

0.1µF 220µF

1M

33k

100k

470ΩBleeper

Component Layout

+

-

Verobod

Placing components on Verobod

component

verobod

Copper tracks

Designing a Verobod Layout

LUKISAN BERGAMBAR [litar verobod]

Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)

Arus bergerak secara mendatar

Tips:

· Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah],

· Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.

· Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak komponen.·Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.

[78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta [email protected]

Projek:

Aspek:

Disediakan oleh:

Tarikh:

Catatan:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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8

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20

21

22

Planning the Layout 1

Circuit Diagram

9V

LED 1

R1




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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20

21

22

Tips:




+

LEDBC

+

_

R1470Ω

Improve your plan

Planning the Layout





1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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19

20

21

22

Tips:




+

LEDBC

+

_

R1470Ω

Check your plan

Planning the Layout


+

LED

BC

R1470Ω

Circuit Diagram

9V

LED 1

R1470Ω

Circuit Diagram

9V

LED 1

e

c

b

R 2

TR 1

S1

R 1



Tips:

·Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], ·Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.·Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak komponen.·Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

LED 1

TR 1

R1S1 +

b

c

e

+

_

R2

Improve your plan

Planning the Layout




Tips:



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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20

21

22

TR 1

b

c

e

+

LED 1

+

_

S1

R2

R1

Check your plan

Planning the Layout


TR 1

R2

R1

b

c

e

S1LED 1

BC

Circuit Diagram

9V

LED 1

e

c

b

R 2

TR 1

S1

R 1

Circuit Diagram

9V

LED 1

e

c

bTR 1

R 1

e

c

b

S1

R 2

TR 2



Tips:



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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2

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22

1

2

3

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5

6

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9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

b

c

e

TR 2

b

e

c

R2S1

LED 1

R1

+

BC

TR 1

+

_

Improve your plan

Planning the Layout




Tips:



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1

2

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1

2

3

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5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

b

c

e

TR 1

LED 1

+

TR 2

b

e

c

S1

+

_

BC

R2

R1

Check your plan

Planning the Layout


Circuit Diagram

9V

LED 1

e

c

bTR 1

R 1

e

c

b

S1

R 2

TR 2

b

c

e

TR 1

LED 1

+

R1

TR 2

b

e

c

R2S1

BC

R1680k

R210k

R31k

555timer

+C110µF

LED

8 47

6

2 1

3

+

Circuit Diagram

9V



Tips:





1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 287

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1

2

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5

6

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9

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15

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18

19

20

21

22

+

+ C110µF

LED 1

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555

XXXX

+

_

R31k

R210k

R1680k

Improve your plan

Planning the Layout




Tips:





1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 287

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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22

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555

XXXX

C110µF

+

+LED 1

+

_

R31k

R1680k

R210k

Check your plan

Planning the Layout


R1680k

R210k R3

1k

555timer

+C110µF

LED

8 47

6

2 1

3

+

Circuit Diagram

9V

C110µF

+

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555

XXXX

+ LED 1R31k

R1680k

R210k

555timer

R1 R2

R4

IC 555

+C1 LED 2

8 46

7

2 1

3

R3

LED 1

S1

+ 9V

- 0V

Circuit Diagram




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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22

Tips:




1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555

XXXX

+

_

R1

S1

R4

R3

LED 1

+

LED 2+

R2

+C1

BC

Improve your plan

Planning the Layout





1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1

2

3

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9

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

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20

21

22

Tips:




1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555

XXXX

+

_

R1

S1

R4R3

LED 1

+

LED 2 +

R2

+C1

BC

Check your plan

Planning the Layout


R1 R2

R4

IC 555

+C1 LED 2

8 46

7

2 1

3

R3

LED 1

S1

+ 9V

- 0V

Circuit Diagram

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555

XXXX

R1

S1

R4

R3

LED 1

+

LED 2 +

R5

+C1

BC

555timer

1M

R3100k

C1220µF

C2 0.1µF

9V

LED 1

LED 2

R2470Ω

S1

R133k

555timer

8 42

6

7 1

3

Circuit Diagram




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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2

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20

21

22

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555XXXX

R133k

C20.1µF

LED 2+

LED 1

++

_

R3100k

1M

R2470Ω

+ C1220µF

X

9V

S1

BZ

Improve your plan

Planning the Layout





1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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18

19

20

21

22

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555XXXX

R133k

C20.1µF

LED 2+

LED 1

++

_

R3100k

1M

R2470Ω

+ C1220µF

9VBZ

X

S1

Check your plan

Planning the Layout


1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555XXXX

R133k

LED 2+

LED 1

+

R3100k

1M

R2470Ω

+ C1220µF

9VBZ

X

S1

C20.1µF

+

+

+

555timer

R1 R2 R6

R3 R4 1

19V

S1

C2

C1

5

c

e

b

87

6 3

4

2 1 5

Circuit Diagram

R5

LED TR

LSIC Muzik

IC 555

3

2

COM

NO NC



[78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta [email protected] [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta [email protected]

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XXXX

X

R1

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555

R6

C1+

R2

C2

LED

R4R3

R5

TR

b

c

eIC Muzik

2

1

3

BC

+

_+

COM

NO

NC

Improve your plan

Planning the Layout




[78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta [email protected] [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta [email protected]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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XXXX

X

R1

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

IC 555

R6

C1+

R2

C2

LED

R4R3

R5BC

+

_+

TR

b

c

eIC Muzik

2

1

3

COM

NO

NC

9V

Check your plan

Planning the Layout


555timer

CO

MN

O

IC 555

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

5

R3

+LED

R1

CO

MN

O

X

TR

R4

R5

b

c

e

2

1

3

IC Muzik

LS

R2

C2BC

R6

C1+

XXXX

Circuit Diagram

C2

LED 2LED 1

+ +

C1 C

e

bC

e

b

9V

S1

1

32

R1

R2R3

LS 1

IC Muzik




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

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2

3

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1

2

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5

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9

10

11

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18

19

20

21

22

S1

9V555

timer

8 4

2

61

33555

timer

8 4

2

61

3

S3S4S2

R1470Ω

R210k

R310k

R510k

R610k

R81k

R4470Ω

R71k

C10.1µF

C20.1µF

C31µF

Buzer

Circuit Diagram




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