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1. OBSERVATION (Pemerhatian):
OBSERVATION is : What you can see based on the results of investigation in
the question? Is it a statement @ graph @ table? PEMERHATIAN ialah : Apa yang boleh dilihat berdasarkan keputusan penyiasatan
di dalam soalan? Adakah ianya pernyataan @graf@Jadual?
There are 3 types of anwers for observation, depending on the stimulus given.Terdapat 3 jenis jawapan pemerhatian, bergantung kepada rangsangan diberi.
i) Simple Observation =Pemerhatian Biasaii) Trend Observation = Pemerhatian Bercorak
iii) Comparison Observation = Pemerhatian Perbandingan
1. Simple Observation = Pemerhatian Biasa
Normally the stimulus given involving 1 object / 1 picture / 1 situation. Write
what can be observed (related with what to changed) based on the stimulus. Biasanya rangsangan diberi melibatkan 1 objek / 1 gambar / 1 situasi.Tulis apa yang
diperhatikan (berkait dengan pembolehubah bergerakbalas) berdasarkan rangsangan.
Example:
Observation : The bulb in the electric circuit will light up.Pemerhatian : Mentol dalam litar elektrik akan menyala.
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Observation : Burger X is spoilt and cannot be eaten.
Pemerhatian : Burger X telah rosak dan tidak boleh dimakan.
Observation : The river is polluted by the toxic waste from the factory. Pemerhatian : Sungai itu dicemari sisa toksik daripada kilang.
2. Trend Observation = Pemerhatian bercorak
This observation involve stimulus in form of Graph / Table that has pattern in
the information given. Pemerhatian ini melibatkan stimulus berbentukGraf / Jadual yang mempunyai corak
pada maklumat diberi.
Examples / Contoh:
Length of strings (cm)Panjang tali
10 20 30 40 50
Time taken for 20 swings (s)
Masa diambil untuk 20 ayunan (s)
8 16 24 32 40
Observation : When the length of string increase,
the time taken for 20 swings increase.Pemerhatian : Apabila panjang tali bertambah,
masa diambil untuk 20 ayunan bertambah.
Corak data = Bertambah
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Observation : When the number of bulb decrease,
the brightnesss of bulb increase. Pemerhatian : Apabila bilangan mentol berkurang,
kecerahan mentol bertambah.
Observation : When the number of batteries increase,
the speed of toy car increase. Pemerhatian : Apabila bilangan bateri bertambah,
kelajuan kereta mainan bertambah.
3. Comparison Observation = Pemerhatian Perbandingan
Corak data = Bertambah
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If there are more than 2 diagrams/pictures,you must state the Comparison.Jika ada lebih daripada 2 rajah / gambar, anda mesti menyatakanPerbandingan.
Examples / Contoh:
Cow A Cow B
Observation: Cow A is bigger than cow B.Pemerhatian: Lembu A lebih besar daripada lembu B.
X Y ZPrice: RM 100 Price: RM 20 Price: RM 300
Harga:RM 100 Harga:RM 200 Harga: RM300
Observation:The price of House Z is the most expensive compare to others . Pemerhatian: Harga rumah Z paling mahal berbanding harga rumah yang lain..
*******************
Do not give reason for observations questions. Reason is for INFERENCE only.Jangan berikan sebab bagi soalan pemerhatian.Sebab hanya untuk soalan INFERENS
sahaja.
2. INFERENCE (Inferens@ SEBAB):
INFERENCE is = Reason / Cause / Statement based on Observation
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INFERENS ialah = Alasan/Sebab / Pernyataan dibuat berdasarkan pemerhatian.
Inference can be Controlled Inference or Independent Inference, depends on
the stimulus in the questions. Inferens melibatkan Inferens Terkawal atau Inferens Bebas, bergantung kepada
rangsangan dalam soalan.
How to answer inference Question???Bagaimana menjawab soalan inferens???
OBSERVATION.becauseINFERENCE.
(Pemerhatian)(kerana)(Inferens)
Examples:
Inference: The hen is fat because it gets a lot of food Inferens : Ayam itu gemukkerana ia makan banyak makanan.
Inference: A man is in prison because Inferens : Seorang lelaki dipenjarakan kerana
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0
20
40
60
80
100
1970 1980 1990 2000
Number of tiger
Inference: The baby is crying because Inferens : Bayi itu menangiskerana ..
Inference: The number of tiger decreases because illegal hunting increase.Inferens :Bilangan harimau berkurangkerana pemburuan haram bertambah.
When there is Comparison Observation (CO), the Inference must also be
Comparison Inference (CI). Apabila terdapatPemerhatian Perbandingan, maka Inferens juga perlu nyatakanInferens Perbandingan.
Examples/ Contoh:
Plant A Plant B
Inference: Plant B dies but plant A stay alive because plant B did not
get enough water compare to plant A .Inferens : Pokok B mati tetapi pokok A hidup subur kerana pokok B tidakmendapat air yang cukup berbanding pokok A.
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Time in 100 lap race: Time taken in 100 lap race:Masa perlumbaan 100 pusingan: Masa perlumbaan 100 pusingan:
5 hours / 5 jam 10 hours/ 10 jam
Inference: Time in 100 lap race for car is shorter than motorcycle because
car is faster compare to motorcycle. Inferens : Masa perlumbaan 100 pusingan bagi kereta lebih cepat daripada motosikal
kerana kereta lebih laju berbandingmotosikal .
Weight: 10 kg Weight: 500 g Weight: 2 kgBerat : 10 kg Berat: 500g Berat: 2kg
Inference: The bowling ball is the heaviest compare to others because
Inferens: Bola boling paling berat berbanding bola lain kerana
.
Notes:
*****compare to = berbanding dengan
*****the ........est = paling
*****er than = lebih daripada
3. VARIABLE (Pembolehubah)
VARIABLE IS = Information in the question,can be in the question
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sentence, table, picture. PEMBOLEHUBAH ialah = Maklumatdalam soalan, didapati pada ayat soalan,
jadual, gambarajah.
There are 3 types:Terdapat 3 jenis :
i. MANIPULATED VARIABLE What to Changed? (WTC) PEMBOLEHUBAH DIMANIPULASI Apa yang diubah ? (PM)
Factors changed that affect the result of investigation.Faktor yang diubah, mempengaruhi keputusan penyiasatan.
Key word DIFFERENTKatakunci - BERBEZA
Sometimes, the INFERENCE can be the CH / TC
Adakalanya Inferens boleh dijadikan CH / TC
ii. RESPONDING VARIABLES What to Measured/ Observed? (WTO)PEMBOLEHUBAH BERGERAKBALAS Apa yang diukur / diperhatikan (PB)
Results of investigation / Observation Hasil penyiasatan, keputusan/ Pemerhatian
Key words OBSERVED / MEASURED, RECORDED, SHOWS Katakunci - Diperhatikan / Diukur / Dicatatkan / Menunjukkan
iii. CONSTANT VARIABLE (CV): - What to be kept the same? (KS)
Key word SAME (sama) / SIMILAR(sama) / EQUAL(sama)
/ IDENTICAL(sama) / EACH @ EVERY (setiap)
Tip = find an Object in the question, add the word Type ofTip = cari Objek dalam soalan, tambah perkataan Jenis.
* Use parameter when writing variables, example:Gunakan parameter semasa menulis pembolehubah, contohnya:
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Variables Parameters(pengukuran)
PlantsTumbuhan
Types of (jenis), Height of (ketinggian), Condition
of (keadaan), Presence of (kehadiran)
ObjectsObjek
Size of (saiz), Weight of (berat), Type of (jenis)
Length (panjang),
Force Type of, Quantity of (kuantiti)Water Volume of (isipadu), Presence of (kehadiran),
Quality of(kualiti)
Humans Height of , Weight of, Gender (jantina)
Others Time, Number of days, Amount of (jumlah),
Presence of (Kehadiran)
* If the question Give/state two informations gathered / collected :
Write the WTC and WTO.Jika soalan (Beri/Nyatakan 2 maklumat dikumpul / dicatat) : Tuliskanjawapannya WTC dan WTO.
* Information that is tested (diuji): WTO
* Information that is changed (diubah): WTC
* Information that is controlled (dikawal) :KS
WTC WTO
WTC
W TO
WTO
WTC
Otak di kepala, Cacing di tanah.
HOW TO IDENTIFY VARIABLES IN QUESTION? BAGAIMANA MENGENALPASTI PEMBOLEHUBAH DALAM SOALAN?
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Steps/Langkah-langkah:
1. Read the question sentence carefully, find the variables keywords. Then
underline and label WTC / WTO / KS.Baca ayat soalan dengan teliti, cari katakunci pembolehubah. Kemudiangariskan
dan labelkan WTC / WTO / KS.
2. Next if there is a table / graph, find the variables by looking at the
contents titles of table / graph. Label the WTC / WTO / KS.Seterusnya jika adajadual / graf , cari katakunci pembolehubah dengan melihattajuk kandungan jadual / graf. Labelkan WTC / WTO / KS.
3. For pictures, observe the pictures carefully. Identify the information
given together with pictures. Find the differences between pictures to
help you. As guidance:Bagi gambar , perhatikan gambar dengan teliti. Kenalpasti maklumat diberibersama gambar. Cari perbezaan antara gambar untuk membantu kamu.
Sebagai panduan:
What to observed (WTO) = Result / Outcome of experiment Keputusan / Hasil eksperimen
What to changed (WTC) = Factor/ Causes that influence the result. Faktor / Sebab yang mempengaruhi keputusan
4. AIM / PURPOSE (Tujuan) :
How to answer?Bagaimana menjawab?
To investigate the relationship betweenWTCandWTOUntuk mengkaji hubungan antara PM dan PB
**** What to find out? = Aim / Purpose
5. PATTERN / TREND (Corak / Pola) :
How to answer?
Look carefully at how the data or information change.
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Perhatikan betul-betul bagaimana data atau maklumat berubah.
INCREASE = Bertambah
DECREASE = Berkurang
NO CHANGE = Tidak berubah
6. PREDICTING (Meramal) :
There are 2 types of prediction: Ada 2 jenis ramalan:
a) Predict CONDITIONMeramal KEADAAN
Example = animal will die, animal will extinct, the nail will rust,
plant will wilt dan blue litmus paper turn to red colour.Contoh = haiwan akan mati, haiwan akan pupus, paku akan berkarat,
tumbuhan akan layu dan kertas litmus biru bertukar ke merah.
b) Predict NUMBERSMeramalNOMBOR
Example = 100cm, 50ml, 4 boxes, 1000C.
Usually table or graph are given. Look at the pattern/ trend, calculate the
answer. Write the correct UNIT.Biasanya jadual atau graf diberi. Perhatikan pola / corak, kira jawapan. Tulis UNIT yang
betul.
Predict the water temperature at the time 7th minutes.
Ramalkan suhu air pada masa minit ke 7.
7. HYPOTHESIS / RELATIONSHIP (Hubungan) :
How to answer:
Time (min)Masa (min)
0 2 4 6 8 10
Water temperature 0CSuhu air0C
30 40 50 60 70 80
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* If the WTC increases/ decreases,
the WTO will increases/ decreases. Jika PM bertambah / berkurang,
maka PB bertambah / berkurang.
@
* The more / less WTC,the more / less WTO.
Semakin bertambah/ berkurang PM,Semakin bertambah /berkurang PB.
The relationships questions can also be asked based on statements like this:Soalan Hubungan boleh ditanya berdasarkan pernyataan seperti berikut:
1. CH affect OB
2. CH influenced OB
3. CH causes OB
4. CH give effect to OB
1. .OB affected by CH
2. .OB influenced by CH
3. .OB caused by CH
4. .OB depends on CH
**Remember, when you write your answer, write the WTC first followed by
WTO. Do not make mistake by changing the variables.** Ingat, semasa menulis jawapan anda, tulis PM dahulu diikuti dengan PB.
Jangan lakukan kesilapan tertukar pembolehubah.
The temperature of planet affected by the distance of planet from the Sun. Suhu planet dipengaruhi oleh jarak planet daripada Matahari.
Relationship:
Hubungan:
8 : CONCLUSION :
CONCLUSION IS = What can be understood from the results, whether
WT
C
WT
C
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the hypothesis can be accepted or not?KESIMPULAN ialah = Apa yang boleh difahami daripada keputusan, sama
ada hipotesis boleh diterima atau tidak?
How to answer?
1. Depend on the trend of the data given. If the question have ONE trend,
the answer is same as Relationship (1 answer sentence).Bergantung kepada corak data diberi. Jika soalan mempunyai SATU corak ,
jawapan sama seperti Hubungan ( 1 ayat jawapan).
* If the CH/ TC increases/ decreases,
the OB/TO will increases/ decreases. Jika PM bertambah / berkurang,
maka PB bertambah / berkurang.
Example/ Contoh:Length of strings (cm)
Panjang tali
10 20 30 40 50
Time taken for 20 swings (s)Masa diambil untuk 20 ayunan (s)
8 16 24 32 40
Conclusion: If the length of string increase,
the time taken for 20 swings increase.Kesimpulan: Jika panjang tali bertambah,
maka masa diambil untuk 20 ayunan bertambah.
Conclusion: If the ,
the Kesimpulan: Jika..,
maka .
2. If the question has two or three trends, write the answers in two or
three sentences. For example:
Ketinggian model (cm) Ketinggian model (cm)
Time taken to topple (s)Masa diambil untuk tumbang
(s)
15
20
25
10 3020 40 50
5
10
30
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Conclusion: From 25th to 30th minutes, the water temperature increase.
After 30th minutes, the water temperature remain the same at 100oC.Kesimpulan: Dari minit ke25 hingga minit ke 30, suhu air bertambah.
Selepas minit ke30, suhu air tidak berubah pada 100o.
3. If the question has a minimum or maximum value (in the data), the answer
can be stressed on the value itself. Jika soalan mempunyai nilai minimum atau maksimum (dalam data), jawapan
boleh berbentuk penegasan nilai tersebut.
Conclusion: The percentage of Moons surface is the lowest at 10.30pm. Kesimpulan: Peratus permukaan Bulan paling rendah pada 10.30pm.
4. Comparison conclusion if there are few objects and no trend in the
question.
Water
temperature/
Suhu airoC
Time (min)/Masa (min)
85
95
5
100
20 3025 35 40 45
Percentage of the Moons
surface %Peratus permukaan bulan %
Time
Masa
60
80
5
100
9.30pm
10.30pm
10.00pm
11.00pm
11.30pm
40
20
0
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Kesimpulan perbandingan jika terdapatbeberapa objekdan tiada corak
dalam soalan.
Example / Contoh:
MethodKaedah
Time taken to loosen the soil (hour)Masa diambil untuk menggembur tanah (jam)
P 60Q 120
R 2
Conclusion: The time taken to loosen the soil for method R is the fastest
compared to method P and Q.Kesimpulan: Masa diambil untuk menggembur tanah bagi kaedahR ialahpaling cepat
berbandingkaedah P dan Q.
VehicleKenderaan
Distance travelled (m)Jarak dilalui (m)
Time taken (min)Masa diambil (min)
BicycleBasikal
800 6
MotorcycleMotosikal
800 4
Conclusion: The time taken by motorcycle is faster than bicycle. Kesimpulan: Masa diambil bagi motosikal lebih cepat daripada basikal.
2. Sometimes, the question relates with some Science FACTS, the answer
can be written in a sentence. For example:Adakalanya, soalan berkaitan dengan Fakta Sains,jawapan boleh ditulis dalam
bentuk ayat. Contohnya:
i) Rusting of metal object needs the presence of air and water.Pengaratan objek besi memerlukan kehadiran udara dan air.
ii) Acidic substance changes the colour of blue litmus paper to red.Bahan berasid menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru kepada merah.
iii) Plants need air, water and sunlight to live.Tumbuhan memerlukan udara, air dan cahaya matahari untuk hidup.
iv) The Earth rotates on its axis from west to east.
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Bumi berputar pada paksinya dari barat ke timur.
v)Different types of animals have different type of breathing organs.Jenis haiwan berbeza mempunyai jenis organ pernafasan berbeza.
vi) Different plants have different ways of reproduction.Tumbuhan berbeza mempunyai cara membiak yang berbeza.
*******************GOOD LUCK IN UPSR 2011**********************Forms of Question / Bentuk Soalan
Year Table Graph Picture Table + Picture Sentences
2001 2 0 1 0 1
2002 2 0 2 1 0
2003 2 0 1 2 0
2004 0 2 1 1 0
2005 0 0 2 2 02006 1 0 4 0 0
2007 1 0 3 1 0
2008 2 1 1 1 0
2009 1 1 1 2 0
2010 3 0 0 2 0
2011 ? ? ? ? ?
Types of Question / Jenis Soalan
Year Aim Trend Variabl
e
Rship Predict Obsv Infer Conclu
2001 2 1 4 4 2 1 2 1
2002 2 1 3 4 3 1 2 1
2003 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 1
2004 2 1 3 3 3 0 3 3
2005 1 2 3 3 3 0 3 1
2006 4 2 2 3 2 1 3 1
2007 2 1 6 3 2 1 3 1
2008 2 2 4 3 3 1 2 1
2009 3 1 6 2 3 1 2 1
2010 3 1 6 2 3 1 2 2
2011 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
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NOTE
A) VARIABLES (PEMBOLEHUBAH)
i. Manipulated variable What is changed (CH)?
Key word DIFFERENT(berbeza)
ii. Responding variables What is measured/observed (OB)?
Key words OBSERVED (diperhatikan), MEASURED (diukur),RECORDED(dicatat)
iii. Constant variable : - What is kept the same?
Key word SAME/ SIMILAR / EQUAL = (sama/ serupa)
Tip = find an object in the question,add the word Type of Cari objekdalam soalan, tambah perkataanJenis
OBCH
B) AIM / PURPOSE (TUJUAN) :
To investigate the relationship betweenWTC and.WTO
Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara PM dan PB
C) PATTERN / TREND (Corak) :
INCREASE @DECREASE@ NO CHANGEBertambah @ Berkurang @ Tidak Berubah
D) OBSERVATION (Pemerhatian) and INFERENCE (Sebab):
1. Observation................. because.................Inference PemerhatiankeranaInferens
2. Observation..........because.......Inference.........compare to.Pemerhatian kerana Inferens berbanding dengan
E)HYPOTHESIS/RELATIONSHIP (Hubungan)@CONCLUSION Kesimpulan) :
CH OB CH
OB
If the WTC increases/ decreases,the WTO will increases/ decreases.
Jika PM bertambah/berkurang, maka PB bertambah/berkurang
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TAJUK-TAJUK PENTING YANG KERAP DISOAL DALAM UPSR
Tandakan _ pada kotak di sebelah kiri setelah kamu telah menguasai tajukyang berkenaan.
YEAR 4
LIVING THINGS KNOWLEDGE TO BE ACQUIRED
Basic needs of human,animals and plants.
Basic needs and the effects ifdo not get them.
Animals and Plants Lifeprocesses.
Breathing organs.
Living thing response tostimuli. Growth of plants.(height, number of leaves,
size of stem.
Difference between growth andgermination.Movement of shoot and root of
plant to stimuli.Reproduction of plants. 5 ways of reproduction.
Excretion and defecation. Definition, organs and wasteproducts.
INVESTIGATING LIVINGTHINGS
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
Distance Definition
Area Traditional measurement,Formula
Volume FormulaTime Formula and changes in unit.
Weight Position of eyes when take areading.
Magnet Magnetic and non magneticobject.
INVESTIGATING LIVINGTHINGS
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
Natural and man made
materials
Definition, Difference between
the 2 types of materials.Properties of materials(elasticity, floating on water,light visibility, absorption ofwater.
The uses of materials, function.
INVESTIGATING EARTHAND UNIVERSE
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
Shape of the Earth, distance Earth is sphere.
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from Sun, Constellation andrelatives size between Sun,Earth and Moon.
Effetcs if Earth is near / far fromthe Sun.
Moon. Condition on the moon, Moonas a natural satellite.
INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGIES
KNOWLEDGE TO BE
ACQUIREDTechnology Definition and the uses of
technology.
Invention Who invent what??
YEAR 5
INVESTIGATING LIVINGTHINGS
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
Microorganism #Type of microorganism#Useful and harmful effect of
microorganism
Survival of the species # survival of ANIMALS#Survival of plants#important of survival of the
speciesFood Chain and food web #Food Chain
# food web
INVESTIGATING FORCEAND ENERGY
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
Energy# Uses of Energy# Tranformation of energy# Renewaable and Non-
renewable energy
Electricity # Sources of electricity#Series circuit and Parallelcircuit
# Safety precaution to be takenwhen handling Electrical
Appliances
Light # light travel in a straight line
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# Reflection of light
Heat # Temperature# Effect of heat on matter
INVESTIGATINGMATERIALS
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
State of matter # Solid, liquid and Gas
# Change a matter from onestate to another
# Water cycle# Important of water resources
Acid and alkali # Properties of acidic, alkalineand neutral Subtances.
INVESTIGATING THEEARTH AND THEUNIVERSE
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
Constellation # Types of constellation# Time of constellation
The earth, The moon and thesun
# Movement of earth, moon andsun
# Occurrence of day and night# Phases of Moon
INVESTIGATING THETECHNOLOGY
Strength and stability # shapes of object in structure# Strength and stability of
structure
YEAR 6
INVESTIGATING LIVINGTHINGS
PENGETAHUAN YANGPERLU ANDA KUASAI
Interaction Among livingThings
# Solitary animals and groupanimals
# Competition
# Protection of endangeredSpecies# Impact of human activities on
the environment
INVESTIGATING FORCE
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AND ENERGY
Force# Push and pull# Effect of force# Friction
Movement # Concept of speed.Speed calculation
INVESTIGATINGMATERIALS
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
Food Preservation # Food Spoilage# Food Preservation# The important of preservation
Food
Waste Management# Effect of improper Disposal of
waste on environment# Some waste can decay
INVESTIGATING THEEARTH AND THEUNIVERSE
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
Eclipses # Eclipse of the moon# Eclipse of the sun
INVESTIGATINGTECHNOLOGY
KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED
Machines # Simple Machines# Complex machine# Appreciating the invention of
machine
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INTRODUCTION
FORMAT
Science Paper had been introduced in UPSR since 2007. From the year
1997 to 2002 the questions are asked in Malay Language. Then in year 2002 to
2007, the questions in bilingual form whereas the English and Malay Language
came in opposite pages. Starting from 2008 to last year 2010, the questions use
the English Language then followed by the Malay Language in one after another
concept.
Science paper has 2 sections, Section A and Section B. The questions in
Section A are in objective form, the Section B questions are in subjective form.
There are 30 objective questions carrying 30 marks and 4 or 5 subjective
questions carrying 20 marks. Total marks 50 will be converted into percentage
100%. Time allocation for Science paper is 1 hour 15 minutes. Candidates are
advised to spend 45 minutes on Section A and 30 minutes for Section B.
Section Question
form
Questions
Number
Things tested Suggested
time
Percentage
A Objective 30 Science Facts 45 min 60%
B Subjective 4/5 Science Process
Skill
30 min 40%
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1 hour
15min
100%