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SULIT 4551/2
4551/2©2013 Hak Cipta BPSBPSK [Lihat halaman sebelah SULIT
BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH
DAN SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN
KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA
PENTAKSIRAN DIAGNOSTIK AKADEMIK SBP 2013
PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
BIOLOGI
Kertas 2
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
SULIT 2 4551/2
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Question 1
No Mark scheme Sub
total
Total
1(a)(i) Able to name system P.
Answer :
Nervous system
1
1
1
(ii) Able to name cell Q and cell R
Answer :
Cell Q : efferent / motor neurone
Cell R : Interneurone
2
1
1
2
(iii) Able to draw afferent / sensory neuron
Sample answer :
Cell body in the middle
any diagram of afferent neuron.
*Reject : symbol of afferent
1
1
1
(b) (i) Able to name level of cell organization shown in level T.
Answer:
Organ
1
1
1
(ii) Able to give one reason for the answer in 1(b)(i).
Sample answer :
Because it contains more than one of different type of tissue //
build up by grey matter and white matter // more than one type
of tissue // any suitable explanation.
1
1
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(c)(i) Able to explain the role of cell Q, cell R and cell S in a
reflex action.
Sample answer :
P1: the impulse are transmitted from an afferent neurone / Q to
the spinal cord.
P2: (in the spinal cord), the (nerve) impulses are transmitted
from the afferent neurone to an interneurone
P3: the impulses are transmitted to an efferent neurone.
Any two
2
1
1
1
2
(ii) Able to explain one importance of reflex action to human.
Sample answer :
F : To provide a rapid / automatic / spontaneous action
P1 : to respond immediately / faster (to dangerous) stimuli /
condition / situation
P2 : to protect from (serious) injury
Any two
2
1
1
1
2
(d) Able to suggest two ways to help the person to do their
daily routine of life.
Sample answer :
P1: (The Alzheimer`s person becomes confused/ forgetful/
lost their sense of direction), help them to find the way //
any explanation.
P2: ( lose the ability to read / write/ eat / walk / talk) help them
to read news paper // any explanation
P3: Care of patients / lots of patience / understanding // any
explanation // pay more attention //
P4: Visits homes for aged / old folks/ old people of
Alzheimer`s patients.
Any two
2
1
1
1
1
2
TOTAL 12
SULIT 4 4551/2
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Question 2
No Mark scheme Sub
total
Total
2(a)(i) Able to name the structures labeled P and Q.
Answer
P : Chromosomes / Chromatid / sister chromatid
Q : Centriole
2
1
1
2
(ii) Able to state one function of Q.
Sample answer
To form spindle fibres during cell division/meiosis
*Reject : mitosis
1
1
1
(iii) Able to state the stage of division of cell X and Y.
Sample answer
X : Prophase 1
Y : Metaphase 1
2
2
(b)(i) Able to state one difference between the chromosomal
behaviour in cell x and cell Y.
Sample answer
PROPHASE 1/ Cell X METAPHASE 1/ Cell Y
D1- Homologous
chromosomes are arranged
randomly
Homologous chromosomes
are arranged on the
metaphase plate/ equatorial
plane / middle of the cell
D2- The centromeres of the
chromosomes are not hold
by/ attached to any spindle
fibre.
The centromeres of the
chromosomes are hold by/
attached to the spindle fibres.
D3- Crossing over takes
place between the non-sister
chromatids / homologous
chromosome
Crossing over has already
taken place between the non-
sister chromatids /
homologous chromosome
Any one
1
1
1
1
1
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(ii) Able to explain one important event that takes place
during stage shown in cell X.
Sample answer
F1: Crossing over between homologous chromosomes.
P1: An exchange of segments of DNA / genetic materials
/information (between non-sister chromatids /homologous
chromosomes / bivalent / tetrad)
P2: which results in new combinations of genes / alleles on a
Chromosome
P3 : to produce variations (in gametes / offspring)
Any three
*Reject : cross over
3
1
1
1
1
3
(c)(i) Able to explain how the chromosomal behaviour in cell Y
involved in reducing the chromosomal number in the cell
J.
Sample answer
P1: (After metaphase 1), anaphase 1 takes place
P2 : 23 / n / half of sister chromatid move / pulled / separate
away to the opposite pole.
P3: after completed meiosis// meiosis 1 and meiosis 11
P4: gamete / sperm with 23 / n chromosome formed.
Any three
*Reject : attract
3
1
1
1
3
TOTAL 12
SULIT 6 4551/2
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Question 3
No Mark scheme Sub
total
Total
3(a)(i) Able to name structure P
Answer
Gall bladder
1
1
1
(ii) Able to state the role of P to maintain the alkaline medium
in R.
Sample answer
P1 : Channel / release bile into the R / duodenum.
P2 : bile neutralize the acid (from the stomach).
P3 : bile optimizes the pH ( for enzyme action)
Any one
1
1
1
1
1
(b) Able to explain how to overcome the difficulty.
Sample answer
P1: Bile acts as an emulsifier
P2: Lowers the surface tension of the lipids
P3: Coats tiny/ fat droplets to form a stable emulsion
P4 : providing a greater/large surface area ( for digestion )
Any two
2
1
1
1
1
2
(c)(i) Able to name the enzyme and product of protein digestion
in R and S in Table 1.
Sample answer
Structure Enzyme Product
R Trypsin Peptide
S Erepsin Amino acids
**Enzyme and product must be correct = 1 mark
*Reject : protease
2
1
1
2
(ii) Able to explain how the enzyme hydrolysed quaternary
structure of proteins in Q.
Sample answer
P1: Loosen the of quarternary structure // change to three
dimensional shape / tertiary structure
P2 : breaking (specific) peptide bond
P3: In acidic medium / pH around 2
Any two
2
1
1
1
2
(d) (i) Able to state differences between human and rabbit 1
SULIT 7 4551/2
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Sample answer :
Human Rabbit
Small caecum / appendix Big / large caecum /
appendix
1
1
(ii) Able to explain how the rabbit get energy from the
vegetables.
Sample answer
P1: bacteria in the caecum/appendix produce cellulase
P2 : to digest / hydrolyse / break down cellulose ( in food)
P3 : to glucose
P4 : Glucose/ the breakdown product pass through the
alimentary canal of rabbit twice // the first batch of faeces
eaten again
P5: Glucose /nutrient / digested food / product are absorbed
(for the energy.)
Any three
*Reject : convert
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
TOTAL 12
Question 4
No Mark scheme Sub
total
Total
(a)(i) Able to explain one function of hormone secreted by X
Answer :
F : Oestrogen
P : to repair/ stimulate the thickening uterine lining /
endometrium wall.
2
1
1
2
(a)(ii) Able to label to show a part which fertilization take place
Answer :
Any part of fallopian tube.
1
1
(b)(i) Able to explain how the brain regulate hormones in the 2
SULIT 8 4551/2
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menstrual cycle.
Sample answer :
F : Brain consists of pituitary gland// hypothalamus
P1 : Secrete Follicle Stimulating Hormone/ FSH/ Luteinizing
Hormone/ LH // Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone/GnRH
P2 : Stimulate the development of follicle into Graffian
follicle/ stimulate ovulation // Stimulate pituitary gland to
secrete hormone
Any two
1
1
1
2
(b)(ii) Able to name phase S and T in uterus lining during
menstrual cycle.
Answer :
Phase S : Menstruation
Phase T : Vascularise
2
1
1
2
(b)(iii) Able to explain how contraceptive pills prevent the process
at N from occur.
Sample answer :
P1 : Contraceptive pills contains oestrogen and progesterone
P2: Inhibit Secretion of LH
P3: Prevent ovulation (from occur)
2
1
1
1
2
(c)(i) Able explain why female have higher risk to acquired
oesteoporosis compare to male
Sample answer :
P1 :(At 60) woman undergoes menopause
P2 : ovary no longer secrete oestrogen hormone
P3 : less absorption of calcium (in small intestine)
Any two
2
1
1
1
2
(c)(ii) Able to suggest one way to reduce the effects of menopause
symptom
Sample answer :
P1 : Taking diet with high calcium
P2 : Take oestrogen hormone supplement
P3 : Seek psychiatrist for counseling
P4 : Have healthy lifestyle // regular exercise // avoid smoking
P5 : Avoid stress
Any one
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 12
Question 5
SULIT 9 4551/2
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No Mark scheme Sub
total
Total
5(a)(i) Able to write the parent`s genotype in the spaces provided
Sample answer
Ali : IᴬIᴼ
Aisyah : IᴼIᴼ
2
1
1
2
(ii) Able to write the genotype of gametes in the circle provided
Sample answer
Ali : Iᴬ , Iᴼ
Aisyah : , Iᴼ , Iᴼ
**Both type of gametes for Ali and Aisyah correct 1 mark
2
1
1
2
(iii) Able to write the offspring`s genotype in the spaces
provided.
Sample answer
Iᴼ Iᴼ
1
1
1
(b) Able to explain how the offspring inherits blood group O.
Sample answer
P1 : during meiosis
P2 : father / Ali produced gametes with allele Iᴬ while
mother
also produced gametes with allele Iᴬ
P3 : The gametes fused / fertilized (to produced zygote)
P4: Zygote / offspring has genotype Iᴬ Iᴬ , ( blood group O)
Any Three
3
1
1
1
1
3
(c) Able to explain why her husband /Ali is not a compatible
donor.
Sample answer
P1 : Ali has antigen A ,
P2 : Aisyah has antibody a
P3 : Antigen A and antibody a is compatible
P4 : Agglutination will occur .
Any three
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
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(d) Able to name the genetic disease .
Sample answer
Haemophilia
1
1
TOTAL 12
SECTION B
Question 6
No Mark Scheme Sub
total
Total
6(a)
(i) Able to explain the cellular respiration process that occurs
in individual X and Y correctly.
Sample answer:
Individual X
F1 : Anaerobic respiration / not required oxygen
P1 : Occur in cytoplasm
P2 : The glucose is partially/ not completely oxidised /
broken down
P3 : releases less energy / 150 kJ of energy (per mole of
glucose)
P4 : produce lactic acid
Individual Y
F2 : Aerobic respiration / required oxygen
P5 : occurs in mitochondria (and cytoplasm)
P6 : The glucose is completely oxidised / broken down
P7 : releases much energy / 2898 kJ of energy (per mole of
glucose)
P8 : produce carbon dioxide and water
** Reject ATP
Any six
Max 6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
SULIT 11 4551/2
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(ii) Able to explain why the individual X carries out the action.
Sample answer
Wears a track suit :
F : To prevent lose of heat
P1 : Heat that traps by the track suit is used to maintain the
body temperature
P2 : Less oxygen is used to produce heat and the oxygen can
be used to oxidise lactic acid
Takes a few long deep breaths :
F : to obtain more oxygen
P3 : to pay the oxygen debt
P4 : Oxygen is used to breakdown lactic acid
Walks freely as a “cooling down” activity :
F : To maintain the blood circulation rate (to transport the
lactic acid to the liver)
P5 : To ensure that oxygen is supplied continuously to the
muscle cells
Any six involve all actions
Max 6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
(b) Able to explain the similarities and differences of both
system.
Sample answer :
Similarities :
F1 : Both have (large) surface area for gaseous exchange
P1 : Human has alveolus and fish has filaments/lamellae
F2 : Both have surface that increase the diffusion rate of
gases
P2 : The wall of alveoli in human very thin / only 1 cell thick
// The membrane of filaments/lamellae in fish very thin /
only 1 cell thick
F3 : Both respiratory organs have blood capillaries
network
P3 : To transport the respiratory gases rapidly / faster/
efficiently
F4 : Both have moist surface for gaseous exchange
P4 : to dissolve more respiratory gases
Max 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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F5 : Both use muscles to change the pressure in the
thoracic cavity
P5 : Human has diaphragm muscle and intercostals muscles
Fish has muscles at mouth and operculum
F6 : Both have circulatory system to transport oxygen to
body tissues in blood vessels
P6 : Human and fish have closed circulatory systems
Differences
Human (has) Fish (has) Explanation
(P)
F7 Cartilage rings
at trachea
prevent the
trachea from
being collapse
But the water
flow prevents
the grills
from being
stick together
(1 m)
P7 To ensure
the continuous
and sufficient
oxygen supply
(1 m)
F8 Gaseous
exchange
surface in
alveoli are
always moist
// Gaseous
exchange
surface in
alveoli do not
expose to the
environment
directly
But Gaseous
exchange
surface is
constantly
moist by
water
(1 m)
P8 Position of
the organ to
ensure that the
gaseous
exchange
surfaces do not
dry up // any
explanation
(1 m)
Any eight
At least 1 point of similarity and 1 point of differences.
1
1
1
1,1
1,1
1,1
8
TOTAL 20
SULIT 13 4551/2
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Question 7
No Mark Scheme Sub
total
Total
7(a) Able to explain the adaptation of xylem to its functions
Sample answer :
F1 : Xylem vessels are elongated cells arranged end to end
P1 : to allows water to flow in continuous column.
F2 : (end) walls (of the vessels) have (broken down in the)
pits
P2 : to allows water to pass/diffuse/move from cell to cell.
F3 : The side walls of the xylem vessels are perforated by
pits,
P6 : to allows water to pass/move sideways/lateral movement
F4 : The lignified walls
P4 : prevent the xylem vessels from collapsing // for
mechanical support
F5 : The lumen of xylem vessels is narrow
P5 : increases the capillarity forces / action
Any 2F with P
Max 4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
(b) Able to explain the movement of water through the roots
Sample answer :
F : involve Root pressure
P1 : The root hairs provide a large surface area ( for absorption
of water.)
P2 : The root hair cells are hypertonic to the surrounding soil
water.
P3 : water diffuse into the root hair cell
P4 : by osmosis.
P5 : The root hair cells become hypotonic to the cells in the
cortex.
P6 : (In the cortex) water diffuses (into the parenchyma cells)
P7 : into endodermis.
P8 : By osmosis
P9 : Casparian strips ( lining the side of the cell wall of
Endodermal) is impermeable to water.
P10 : Water movement through the cell wall is blocked.
P11 : Water diffuses through the cytoplasm / vacuole of
Max 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
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endodermal cells (to the xylem vessels) // any explanation
Any six
P4 and P8 give mark once
(c) Able to explain why the rate of transpiration differ from
the time 0000 to time 2400.
Sample answer :
From 0000 to 0600 :
F1 : Rate of transpiration is low.
P1 : Stomata close due to low light intensity.
P2 : Less water is lost
From 0600 to 1800
F2 : Rate of transpiration increases.
P3 : Light intensity is high, guard cells carry out
photosynthesis,
P4: The sugar content in the guard cells increase causing its
osmotic pressure to increase // guard cells is hypertonic to
epidermal cells // Potassium ion diffuse into guard cell
P5 : Water diffuse into the guard cells
P6 : by osmosis
P7: and the guard cells become turgid
P8 : The guard cells curve due to the inner cell wall being
thicker than the outer cell wall // any explanation
P9 : causing the stoma to open.
P10 : More water lost to surrounding.
From 1800 to 2400
F3 : Rate of transpiration decreases.
P11 : Light intensity is low, photosynthesis is low / does not
occur.
P12 : Osmotic pressure in guard cells decrease // guard cells is
hypotonic to epidermal cell
P13 : Water diffuse out of cells
P14 : by osmosis
P15 : The guard cell lose water / become flaccid causing the
stoma to close.
Any 10
P6 and P14 : give mark once
Max
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
TOTAL 20
SULIT 15 4551/2
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Question 8
No Mark Scheme Sub
total
Total
8(a)(i) Able to explain two adaptive characteristic for efficient
transport in human
Sample answer
F1 : Biconcave disc //thinner at the centre than at its edges
P1 : to increase total surface area
P2 : for efficient gaseous exchange
F2 : No nucleus
P3 : to contain more heamoglobin
P4 : to bind with oxygen/carbon dioxide/respiratory gases/to
form oxyhaemoglobin/carbaminohaemoglobin
F3 Elastic membrane
P5 : Can squeeze into (tiniest) capillaries
Any four
Max 4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
(a)(ii) Able to explain the possible consequences of this condition
on the health and state the type of food he should take
Sample answer
F : Anaemia
P1 : Less red blood cells/erythrocyte / haemoglobin to
combine with oxygen
P2 : to form oxyhaemoglobin
P3 : less oxygen is transported to body tissues
P4 : for cellular respiration
P5 : less energy is produced
P6 : resulting in tiredness / breathlessness / weakness / fatigue
P7 : pale looking appearance
Any 4
Type of food
P8 : Food rich in iron / ferum
P9 : cockles / liver / spinach / folic acid // any suitable example
Max 6
(4+2)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
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(b) Able to discuss about the statement.
Sample answer
F : People should consume balanced diet, not smoking and
practice healthy lifestyle
Balance diet
B1: Balance intake of fats / lipids / carbohydrate / sugar /
cholesterol // follow the food guide pyramid
B2: Avoid the accumulation / deposition of cholesterol in the
lumen of blood vessel / avoid obesity
B3: Maintain blood flow / circulation
B4: Prevent artherosclerosis / stroke / thrombosis / embolism
B5: Correct amount intake of salt in diet
B6: Avoid raises the blood osmotic pressure / increase the
blood pressure / hypertension
B7 : Prevent heart attack/ cardiac arrest / myocardial infarction
Smoking
C1: No nicotine , blood vessel not constrict // not addicted
C2: Normal / maintain blood pressure
C3: Prevent accumulation of plaque
C4: Prevent thrombosis / artherosclerosis / arteriosclerosis
C5: No smokes which contain carbon monoxide
C6: No competition to bind with heamoglobin between carbon
monoxide and oxygen
C7: Prevent inefficiency of transporting of oxygen //
transporting of oxygen is efficient.
C8: Prevent difficulty in breathing / fatigue / stroke / chest
pain / angina
C9 : Prevent heart attack / cardiac arrest / myocardial
infarction.
Practicing unhealthy lifestyle
L1: Good of exercise / physical exercise // no sedentary
lifestyle
L2: Prevent obesity // excess fat can be burnt
L3: Avoid stress / high blood pressure
L4 : Avoid heart attack / cardiac arrest / myocardial infarction.
Any 10
B7. C9, L4 : give mark once
At least 1 B, 1 C , 1 L
Max
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
TOTAL 20
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Question 9
No Mark Scheme Sub
total
Total
(a) Able to explain what measures can be taken to ensure a
balanced and stable ecosystem is maintained
Sample answer:
Technological approach:
F1: Using unleaded petrol / hybrid car
E1: Reduce the emission of lead/ plumbum into the
Atmosphere
F2: Use of catalytic converter
E2: Convert hazardous gases into harmless substances
F3 : Use of renewal energy
E3 : Reduce emission of carbon dioxide into atmosphere
F4 : Treatment of sewage
E4 : Prevent from domestic waste/ industrial waste from
polluted the sea
Non-Technological Approach
F1: Implementation of law
E1: Fine the offender
F2: Education/ campaign
E2: To instill awareness of importance of nature to public
F3: Practice of biological control
E3: Reduce the usage of herbicide and pesticide
Any 10
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
(b) Able to discuss why the ecosystem has to be maintained
according to following criteria:
o F1 : Description of balanced ecosystem
o F2 : Importance of maintaining the balanced
ecosystem
o F3 : Reason to maintain
Sample answer
F1 : It is a balanced ecosystem // interaction between biotic
and abiotic factors.
Max
10
1
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P1 : ensure conservation of biodiversity // preservation of flora
and fauna
P2 : preventing extinction of flora and fauna
F2 : maintaining major soures of human food / examples //
sources of medicinal resource
P3 : sustain food web / chain in the ecosystem
P4 : preventing disruption of natural cycle of water / carbon /
balance between photosynthesis and respiration.
P5 : to provide natural water catchment area
P6 : to preserve natural resoures for outdoor / recreational
activities / tourism / ecotourism
P7 : to reduce stress / promote healthy life style
F3 : the loss of plants / animals // destruction of flora and
fauna in the ecosystem // lost of habitat / ecological
niche / certain organisms
P8 : to prevent reduction in food resources / food chain / size
of food web
P9 : to prevent soil erosion / land slide/ muddy flood / flash
flood / natural disaster
P10 : to prevent extinction of a few animals / plant species
which might be useful in the future.
Any 10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
TOTAL 20