akhil ppt.

7/29/2019 akhil ppt.

1/20

To Investigate the Effect of Microwave Power and Duration on

the Growth of Brassica Seeds

Submitted To:ER. RANDHIR SINGH(Asst. Prof. and Head)

SSCET, Badhani

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT,

SRI SAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

BADHANI, PATHANKOT

M. Tech SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION

1

PRESENTED BY

AKHIL GUPTAUniversity Roll No. 100756880664

for

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGYin

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

April 2013


2/20

Overview of PresentationINTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES

LITERATURE REVIEW

BRASSICA SEEDS

METHODOLOGY

PROBLEM FORMULATION

FACILITIES REQUIRED

PROPOSED PLACE OF WORK

REFERENCES

2


3/20

Introduction

Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths

ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter

with frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3GHz) and 300 GHz [1].

The various sources for generating of microwaves are:Magnetron, Klystron, Travelling-wave tube (TWT), and

Gyrotron [2].

3


4/20

Microwave is electromagnetic waves of frequency ranging

from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, corresponding to the wavelength

ranging from 1mm to 1m. These waves are located between

radio wave and infrared rays in electromagnetic spectrumshown in Fig.1. Microwave apparatus generally operates at

2.45 GHz with wavelength of 12.2 cm [3].

4

Fig.1. Electromagnet frequency spectrum [4]


5/20

Properties of Microwaves1.A microwave signal can propagate through the ionosphere

with minimum loss.

2.The ionosphere is composed of ionized atoms and electrons.

Microwaves can go through the ionosphere and only suffer

some refraction.

3.Electromagnetic radiation of frequency in the tens of MHz

range and below cannot penetrate the ionosphere where as

microwaves can.

4.High frequency electromagnetic waves as an information

carrier can pack more information within its bandwidth.

5.Microwaves consist of electric and magnetic field

perpendicular to each other, propagate together in same

direction [5].

5


6/20

Objectives

The objectives of the investigations are as follows:-

1. To investigate the effect of microwave power and duration

on :-

(i) Fertility of Soil(ii) Fertility of Water

(iii) Fertility of Seeds

2. To investigate the effect of microwave power and duration onthe INFRARED spectrum of the seeds.

6


7/20

Literature Review

Microwave emission from crops can be featured by longvertical structures. . The effects on the total emission from

crops are estimated by means of measurements carried out on

plants in natural conditions. The results are concluded by

means of emission and scattering properties of the crop. Theinvestigation of optical depth and single-scattering on plant

water content has been studied [6].

7


8/20

Anna. Al investigated the influence of microwave irradiation

treatment on the development of lentil seeds. Best results have been

obtained for variants with exposure time 30 s and output power 450W measured at 7th day is 10% longer than the control one, 7%,

and 14th day is 16% higher [7].

This paper reviews the prospects of using microwave energy to

manage weeds. . Microwave energy effectively kills weed plants

and their seeds; however most studies have focused on applying the

microwave energy over a sizable area, which requires about ten

times the energy that is embodied in conventional chemical

treatments to achieve effective weed control. If thermal runaway

can be induced in weed plants, the energy costs associated withmicrowave weed management would be comparable with chemical

weed control [8].

8


9/20

Ground-based polar metric scatter meters have been effective tools to

monitor the growth of rice crop, with much higher temporal

resolution than satellite synthetic aperture radar systems. These

results will be useful in retrieving crop biophysical properties and

determining the optimum microwave frequency and polarization

necessary to monitor crop conditions [9].

The effect of microwave radiation on dry soil has been studied. Fivedifferent soil samples are collected from various geographical regions

of India. The waveguide cell method was employed for the

determination of the storage factor and loss factor of the soil. The

methodology of for unexposed and exposed soils to microwaveradiation is given and results obtained are concluded.

9


10/20

Brassica Seeds

Brassica, also called mustards (or sarsu) are part of oil seed family

and are regarded both as a spice and as oilseeds. India is a major

producer of mustard and oilseeds in general. There are three main

varieties of mustards in the world. Black mustard oil, white mustard

oil and Brown mustard oils are the main varieties[10].

10

Fig.2. Brassica Seeds


11/20

Black mustard oil or Banarasi Rai is derived from black mustards

and has a spicy and pungent flavour and aroma. Brown Indian

mustard is another type of mustard which is grown traditionally in

India but is now grown in other places too. White mustard or safaid

rai is decidedly pungent as it contains particular substances[11].

Uses of Brassica Seeds:-

1.Throat Relief

2.Chest Decongestant

3.Cosmetic Mask

4.Smell Remover5.Muscle-Relaxing Bath, Backache Treating Bath

6.Relief for Tired Bath

7.Hair Conditioner

11


12/20

Problem Formulation

As discussed in the literature review, a few experiments have been

conducted to investigate the effect of microwaves on the living or

non-living objects. The scope of this study will be to investigate the

effect of microwave power and radiation on the growth of Brassica

seeds. The effect of microwave power and duration on the IR

(infrared) spectrum of the seeds will also be investigated.

12


13/20

MethodologyThere are three experimental categories: micro waved water, seeds,

and soil. Each category may be treated with microwave radiation for 0seconds (control), 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds

and 150 seconds and for different wattages viz; 30 W, 50 W, 70 W and

90 W. Each cup contains ten seeds. These large experiments are really

three separate experiments in one. In each case, the independent

variable is the time that micro waved water, seeds, and soil. The

dependent variable is the growth of the plant over time. How many

seeds sprouted in the container by taking the Seeds, water and soil in

the cups and microwave each at different time and wattages with the

help of microwave oven. The number of seeds grow and the length ofeach plant grows will be noted.

13


14/20

Facilities required

Facilities required for proposed work:

I need following tools and equipments listed below:

1.Microwave oven

2. Soil, Seeds and Water

3. Infrared Camera

4. Visible Camera

5. Closed Box capable of capturing INFRARED Images

14


15/20

Proposed Place of Work

1. Sri Sai College of Engineering and Technology.

15


16/20

References[1] Stuchly, M.A, Stuchly, S.S (1983) Industrial, scientific,

medical and domestic applications of microwavesProc. of

the IEEE. 1983, pp.467503.

[2] Gupta, M., Wong, E. (2009), Microwave and Metal. John

Wiley & Sons (Asia 2009).

[3] Ulaby, F. (2007) Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics,

5th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.

[4] Osepchuk, J.M. (1984), A history of microwave heating

applications, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and

Techniques, vol. 32, no 9, pp 1200 - 1224, 1984.

16


17/20

[5] Hecht, E. (2002), Optics, 4th ed. Addison Wesley Publishing,

2002.

[6] G. Macelloni, S. Paloscia, P. Pampaloni, and R. Ruisi,"Microwave Emission Features of Crops with Vertical Stems,

IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol. 36,

no. 1, January 1998.

[7] Anna Aladjadjiyan, (2010), Effect of microwave irradiation

on seeds of lentils (lens culinaris, med.), Romanian j.

Biophys., Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 213221.

[8] Microwave technologies as part of an integrated weed

management strategy: A Review Graham Brodie Carmel Ryan,

Carmel Lancaster and Roger Cousens Melbourne School of

Land and Environment, University of Melbourne.17


18/20

[9] Yihyun Kim, Hoonyol Lee, and Sukyoung Hong"Continuous

Monitoring of Rice Growth With a Stable Ground-Based

Scatterometer System"IEEE geoscience and remote sensing

letters.[10] oprica, L. (2008), Effect of microwave on the dynamics of

some oxidoreductase enzymes in Brassica Napus germination

seeds, Analele Stiinifice ale Universitatii ,Alexandru Ioan

Cuza, Sectiunea Genetica si Biologie Moleculara, TOM IX,

2008.

[11] Mir, M. R., Mobin, M., Khan, N. A., Bhat, M. A., Lone, N.

A., Bhat, K. A., Razvi, S. M., Wani, S. A., Wani, N.,

Akhter, S., Rashid, S., Masoodi, Nasir H., Payne, W. A.

(2010), Effect of fertilizers on yield characteristics of

mustard (brassica juncea l. czern & coss) Journal of

Phytology , 2(10), 2010, pp. 20-24.

18


19/20

Thank You

19


20/20

Any Queries ?

20

akhil ppt.

Documents

Transcript of akhil ppt.