CERIO ® Technologie für Elektro- und Hybridfahrzeuge

Dr. Danilo Zschech

Seite 1

Dr. Danilo Zschech„DRIVE-E Akademie “Erlangen, 09. März 2010

External requirements drive new mobility concepts

Micro Mild Full EVPHEV

Fuel savings

CO2 Savings potential

3-5% 10-20% 20-40% 20-60% 100%

2

CO2 Savings potential

Range (Zero Emission)

3-5% 10-20% 30-35% >40% 100%

5-10 km 10-30 km 60-100 km 150-250 km0

Energy content1-2 kWh 10-25 kWh

Requirements for large scale LIB for automotive app lications

Energy High energy content needed for long range.Important for EV and PHEV.

Power High power important to achieve high torque andacceleration.Important for HEV.Important for HEV.

Costs Battery costs contribute considerably to vehicle costs , especially for EV and PHEV.

Lifetime Minimum lifetime of 10 years demanded for all vehicleconcepts: EV, PHEV, HEV.

Safety Must be provided and assured by cells with maximuminherent safety and secondary measures on battery level.

3

Material

Energy

Power

Cycle Life

Battery Requirements for EV/HEV

Cell designSystems

integration

Energy

Durability

Safety

Cost

Cycle Life

4

How much energy is stored in modern storage systems?

Lead Acid

125 kg

Nickel Metal Hydride

125 kg

Lithium-Ion

125 kg

5

125 kg 125 kg 125 kg

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

167 km

69 km

33 km Range in km with a 125 kg battery

Equals consumption of 1,5 L Diesel on 100 km!

ca. 5 kWh 0,5 L Diesel ca. 10 kWh 1,0 L Diesel ca. 25 kWh 2,5 L Diesel

How much energy is stored in modern storage systems ?

6

Cycle stability determines range over lifetime

500 cylcesLead acid

800 cycles NiMH

50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000

1500 cycles Standard Li-Ion

2000 - 2500 cycles Premium Li-Ion with CERIO® technolo gy

Overall range over lifetime / km

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Li-Tec – JV of Evonik and Daimler

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Li-Tec – JV of Evonik and Daimler

Technology basis out of 10 years experience in Evonik R+D Center 2005 Foundation of Li-Tec Battery 2008 new shareholder structure Evonik(50.1) /Daimler (49.9) One of the most advanced infrastructure for Li-Ion production in Europe

10.000 m2 plant area, 200 employeesCurrent capacity 300.000 Cells p.a.Current capacity 300.000 Cells p.a.Future capacity more than 15 Mio Cells p.a. (Daimler and others)ISO 9001:2008 CertifiedTS 16949 Certification ongoing 2010

Vision and Mission: Li-Tec Battery

Leading manufacturer of large Li-Ion cells and industrial batteries in Europe

Customized business models

Focus on vehicles and industrial applications

Your preferred partner

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Evonik Industries AG Daimler AG

100 % 50,1 % 10 %49,9 % 90 %

Evonik & Daimler – non exclusive alliance along the value chain

Evonik Litarion Li-Tec Deutsche Accumotive

100 % 50,1 % 10 %49,9 % 90 %

Electrodes & Separator Automotive Cells Battery

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Automotive – Application in road going vehicles : St andard Cellsand Custom Design

Cells for automotive and batteries for industrial a pplications

Industrial – Stationary and mobile applications: Batt eries, Services

All our businesses are non exclusive, except for custom designed products

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Our General Business Concept

Chemicals Cell PackHousing

Thermal ControlElectronic

(BMS)

Partners and Lead Customers

Industrial

Automotive

Evonik Litarion 50.1% Evonik100% Evonik 49.9% Daimler 90% Daimler/10% Evonik

Deutsche ACCUmotive GmbH & Co. KG

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CERIO®technology paving the way to e-mobility

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Anode Electrolyte Cathode

Active Material: Graphite

Organic CarbonatesSalt: LiPF6

Active Material: LiNiMnCoO2

Collector: Cu Separator: ceramic Collector: Al

Li-Tec CERIO ® battery system

Collector: Cu(LITARION®)

Separator: ceramic(SEPARION®)

Collector: Al(LITARION®)

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Lithium-Ionen-Batterie ZellstapelKathode(Li-Metalloxid auf

Aluminiumableiter) Anode (Graphit auf

Kupferableiter)

Separator (keramische Trennmembran)

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Bestandteile einer Li-Ionen-Zelle

Anode Kathode

SeparatorSeparator

Elektrolyt

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Key Active Material: NMCMn

CoNi

LiNi Mn Co O

Safety

Capacity Cycle life

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LiNixMnyCozO2

• NMC combines the advantages of Ni-, Co-, and Mn-oxides:

− Very good safety characteristics and stability due to high Mn content

− Material has excellent rate capability

− Lower cost compared to LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2

Meets requirements for usage in HEV/EV

CERIO®: Ceramic materials and high-molecular ion conductor s

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Continuous ceramic coating(Alumina, Zirconia, Silica)

Non-woven support(Polyethylene terephthalate)

SEPARION® technology for large-format cells

plus

Page | 20

SEPARION®

Flexible ceramicbattery separator

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SEPARION® Separator

Benefits:

SEPARION®

Safer ceramic separators

Advantages:Features:

SEPARION® technology for large-format cells

Benefits:

● Abuse tolerance of batteries is increased

● Reduce electrolyte filling time during battery production

Advantages:

● high temperature stability

● no shrinkage

● exceptional wettability with electrolyte

Features:

based on ceramics(Al2O3, SiO2)

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Cylindric cell

Prismatic cell

Coffee bag (pouch) cell

Button (Coin) cell

Design of Lithium Secondary Cells

Prismatic cell Button (Coin) cell

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Multimedia Age - Cyclindric Cell

Standard cell: 18650• diameter in millimeters: 18 mm• length in millimeters: 65 mm• About 2000 mAh to 3000 mAh today

26650 cell: ca. 3200 mAh – 3600 mAh today

Advantages: •Advantages: • long time production experiences• high life time• pressure stable (40 bar) • > 40 bar: burst disk • reliable tightness

Disadvantages: • bulky size => battery has air cavities • lower spec. energy• complex cooling

.

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Li-Tec Stacked Cell

• Low cost foil packaging• Electrical contacts consist of conductive foil

tabs that are welded to the electrode and sealed to the pouch material.

• Advantages:− High specific energy− Simple thermal management

• Challenges:− Calendar life time?

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Energy Density: Pouch Cell vs. Cylindrical cells

Required space

251 x 172 x 163 mm3 (l x b x h) =100%

Required space

309 x 172 x 163 mm3 (l x b x h) =123%

25

Lücke mit Luft gefüllt:

• minimale Wärmeleitung:λ = 0,026 W / m · K

• minimaler konvektiver Wärmeaustausch

• Linienförmige Kontaktstellen• Strahlung ~ T4

• anisotrope Wärmeleitung

Wärmestrom

• anisotrope Wärmeleitung• axial λ ≈ 140 W/mK (für Graphit)• radial λ ≈ 10 – 20 W/mK (geschätzt)

• Zwangskühlung durch Kühlmedium in Lücken notwendig• oder: Füllen der Lücke mit profilierter, gut wärmeleitender

Folie zur Verbesserung der Wärmeleitung

Wärmeleitung in Stapel prismatischer Zellen • weitgehend isotrope Wärmeleitung• Einbau von Wärmeleitplatten zwischen die Zellen

zur Verbesserung der Wärmeleitung leicht möglich

Wärmestrom

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Our unique CERIO ® technology - the basis of all our products

Originally developed for Formular One Racing ApplicationsCombination of ceramic materials and high-molecular ion conductorsIncluding Evonik´s ceramic separator SEPARION®

World benchmark in cycle stability, rated power and safetyCompact design for high energy density and high power at low weight

Three CERIO® product lines:

CERIO®motive : Cells for automotive applications

CERIO®station : Battery systems for stationary energy storage and use of renewable energies

CERIO®serve : Battery systems for transport, logistics and mobile work machines

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Products portfolio for mobile and stationary applic ations

40 Ah High Energy cellEV & Plug-In

10 Ah High Energy cellLEV

6 Ah High Power cellHEV

3 Ah Super High Power cellSpecial HEV

Full Battery Packs SolutionStationary and Industrial

Specific custom designed products

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HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell

3,6V / 40AhCont. current 2C (80A)Peak current 5C (200A), 15secFull cycles >2500Full cycles >2500208mm x 248mm x 11mm1.05 kg135Wh/kg287Wh/l

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Cycle life test of HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell at 1C/1C

1C/1C Cycling HEA40(40A = 1C charge / 40A = 1C discharge, 3.0V..4.2V / 100% DOD)

30

35

40

45

Cap

acity

in A

h

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 9.000

Cycle

Cap

acity

in A

h

Ch. Cap Dis. Cap 80%

1 hour full discharge and 1.1 hour full charge

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Cycle life test of HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell at 3C/3C

3C/3C Cycling HEA40(120A = 3C charge / 120A = 3C discharge, 3.0V..4.2V / 100% DOD)

30

35

40

45

Cap

acity

in A

h

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000

Cycle

Cap

acity

in A

h

Ch. Cap Dis. Cap 80%

20 minutes full discharge and 25 minutes full charge

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Cycle life test HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell - Comparison to competitors

2C/2C Cycling (2C charge / 2C discharge, 3,0V.. 4,2V / 100% DOD)

100%

120%

norm

aliz

ed c

apac

ity in

%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Cycle

norm

aliz

ed c

apac

ity in

%

LiTec 40Ah 2C/2C

Competitor 100Ah 2C/2C

Competitor 53Ah 2C/2C

30 minutes full discharge and 35 minutes full charge

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HEA 40 CERIO®motive: 380 A Pulse Power Plug-In Simulation

Battery of 100 kg allows 80 km electric range and 100 kW peak power

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1C Capacity(HEA 40 SOC 50%; Dch 1250W 1.0Ah; Pau 20s; Cha 1250W 1.0Ah; Pau 20s)

25

30

35

40

Cap

acity

in A

hHEA 40 CERIO®motive: 1250 W Pulse Power – Capacity fade

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000 400.000 450.000 500.000

Cycle

Cap

acity

in A

h

1 C Cap.

EOL

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Full EV fast charge capability of HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell

Fast Charge Capability of HE Cell at 3C (only constant current charge, cut-off at 4.1 V, no constant voltage charge

discharge at 1C; cut-off: 3.0V)

708090

100

norm

aliz

ed c

apac

ity in

%

010203040506070

1 2 3 4 5

Cycle

norm

aliz

ed c

apac

ity in

%

20 minutes are enough for 80% recharging

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Products portfolio for mobile and stationary applic ations

40 Ah High Energy cellEV & Plug-In

10 Ah High Energy cellLEV

6 Ah High Power cell6 Ah High Power cellHEV

3 Ah Super High Power cellSpecial HEV

Full Battery Packs SolutionStationary and Industrial

Specific custom designed products

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HPA 6 CERIO®motive cell: Pulse Test – Capacity fade

Pulse Test 6Ah High PowerStart Oct 2007; SOC 50%; Discharge: 55,6A / 8sec; Charge: 146,7A / 3sec (2% DOD) / no pause;

capacity check every 50.000 cycles

5

6

7

Cap

acity

in A

h

0

1

2

3

4

0 1.000.000 2.000.000 3.000.000 4.000.000 5.000.000

Cycle

Cap

acity

in A

h

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HPA 6 CERIO®motive cell: Pulse Test – Resistance increase

Pulse Test 6Ah High PowerStart Oct 2007; SOC 50%; Discharge: 55,6A / 8sec; Charge: 146,7A / 3sec (2% DOD) / no pause;

capacity check every 50.000 cycles

7

8

9

10

RiD

C in

mO

hm

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 1.000.000 2.000.000 3.000.000 4.000.000 5.000.000

Cycle

RiD

C in

mO

hm

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Thermal management measures depend on application

CERIO® HEA 40 cell

2 C Continuous

∆T cell surface ca. 1 K

∆

CERIO® HPA 6 cell

20 C Pulse / 10s with 5s Pause

∆T cell surface < 4 K

∆T cell to tab ca. 7 K

∆T cell to tab ca. 1.5 K

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Requirements for large scale LIB for automotive app lications

Energy High energy content needed for long range.Important for EV and PHEV.

Power High power important to achieve high torque andacceleration.Important for HEV.Important for HEV.

Costs Battery costs contribute considerably to vehicle costs , especially for EV and PHEV.

Lifetime Minimum lifetime of 10 years demanded for all vehicleconcepts: EV, PHEV, HEV.

Safety Must be provided and assured by cells with maximuminherent safety and secondary measures on battery level.

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A cylinder with a diameter of 150 mm is slowly crushing into the flatside of the cell with a maximum force of 8 tons.

Abuse Test: HEA 40 CERIO ®motive High Energy cell

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Abuse Test: HEA 40 CERIO ®motive High Energy cell

All products are UN-T certified.

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Abuse Test: HEA 40 CERIO ®motive High Energy cell

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Separion

Overcharge Test: HEA 40 CERIO ®motive High Energy cell

Cathode Anode

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Nail Penetration Test: CERIO ®motive High Energy cell

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Nail Penetration Test: CERIO ®motive High Energy cell

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CERIO®

Zelle mit Polyolefin

Nail Penetration Test: CERIO ®motive High Energy cell

CERIO® Technology

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UN-T Certificate for HE 40 Ah cell

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UN-T certification is prerequisite for transport of commercial products

CERIO®motive applications on the street

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Series project with Deutsche Accumotive

Full EV City car E-SmartElectric Range 100 milesLi-Tec Cells Cerio®motiveSeries production 2011

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CO2 Bilanz am Beispiel e-Smart (Quelle: ADAC-Studie)

Antriebs-Version

Smart ForTwoelectricdrive

Smart ForTwoelectricdrive

Smart ForTwoelectricdrive

Smart ForTwocoupé 1.0mhd

Smart ForTwocoupé 0.8 cdidrive

E-MotordriveE-Motor

driveE-Motor

mhdOtto

cdiDiesel

Motorleistung 30 kW 30 kW 30 kW 52 kW 33 kW

EingesetzeEnergie

Elektrisch/Windkraft

Elektrisch/Strom-MixDeutschland

Elektrisch/Steinkohle

Benzin Diesel

CO2 -Emission

2,5 g/km 71 g/km 107 g/km 103 g/km 88 g/km

CO2 –Emission ermittelt auf Basis des „Neuen Europäischen Fahrzyklus“NEFZ mit Klimaanlage und Autobahnzyklus* Mhd = mild hybrid drive

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Technologieträger E-Wolf „e1“

UltraleichtbaukonstruktionGewicht < 600 kgHöchstgeschwindigkeit 250 km/hReichweite 250 kmLi-Tec Batterie 16 kWhLi-Tec Batterie 16 kWh40 Ah High Energy

Kommunale Nutzfahrzeuge Multicar „e-Fumo“

Multifunktionsgeräteträger Gewicht 2,9 t + 2,5 t ZuladungReichweite >100 kmLi-Tec Batterie 45 kWh40 Ah High Energy40 Ah High Energy

eRUF „Greenster“

Basis Porsche 997 mit Targa AusstattungHöchstgeschwindigkeit 250 km/hReichweite 250 kmLi-Tec Batterie 42 kWhLi-Tec Batterie 42 kWh40 Ah High Energy

eRUF „Stormster“

Basis Porsche Cayenne Höchstgeschwindigkeit 150 km/hReichweite 200 kmLi-Tec Batterie 52 kWh40 Ah High Energy40 Ah High Energy

Li-Ionen Batteriemodul für On- und Off-Highway AnwendungenVerbundprojekt LiHeBeProjektpartner:Behr GmbH & Co. KGLi-Tec Battery GmbHISEA, RWTH Aachen

Projektträger:Gefördert durch das:

Daten:Zielmarkt Hybridfahrzeuge (mild hybrid)

Gehäuse 353 x 175 x 190 mm³ (H8)

BMS integriert

Zelltyp High Power Zelle

Anzahl Zellen 38

HEV H8 Hybrid Battery Concept Li-Tec/Behr

Anzahl Zellen 38

Kapazität pro Zelle 6 Ah

Spannungslage 3,6 V pro Zelle ���� 136,8 V

Gesamtkapazität 0,9 kWh (@20C ���� 18kW)

Lade-/Entladerate >20 C

Kühlung Kältemittel (R134a)

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Li-Tec systems solution approach

Li-Tec offers a solution designed to your needs based on Li-Tec advancedCERIO® battery technology.

CERIO®.strong.safe.sustainable.A special combination of ceramic materials and high-molecular ion conductorsDeveloped for Formula One and therefore especially powerfulBased on the innovative ceramic SEPARION® separatorBased on the innovative ceramic SEPARION separator

Li-Tec CERIO® technology is covered by 114 patents and patent applications.

Li-Tec is ISO 9001 certified; ISO 14000 certification planned for 01/2010, TS16949 certification will be achieved in 2010.

The strategic partnership with Evonik and Daimler will ensure investment andgrowth aligned with market needs and guarantee a sustainably competitivebusiness and market position – to the benefit of our customers.

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Our business philosophy and mission

Safety comes first. All our lithium ion cells and batteries are „Made in Germany“ and meet highest safety standards.

Quality is our core competence. We produce lithium ion cells and batteries for industrial customers in technical high-class applications. We make no compromises when it comes to quality.

Reliability is central. We convince not only with high performance products Reliability is central. We convince not only with high performance products but also by adherence to schedules and promises.

The customer is our focus. With sustainable technical solutions and business models we aim for long-term cooperative partnerships with our customers.

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Products portfolio for mobile and stationary applic ations

Super Hybrid EVPHEV

Power density

7-9 kW/kg 1-1.4 kW/kg 0.25-0.7 kW/kg

Energy content

1.3-3 kW/kg

Station

Energy content0.5-2 kWh 10-25 kWh1-5 kWh kWh-MWh

40 Ah High Energy cell40 Ah High Energy cell3 Ah Super High Power cell

6 Ah High Power cell

Full Battery Packs Solution & Specific custom designed products

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Our team – committed to your success!

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Li-Ion Fab I - Tradition trifft Innovation

600

800

1000Mitarbeiterentwicklung

Li-Tec products62

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