DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED · PDF fileElectric and Electronic Studies (EEES):...
Transcript of DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED · PDF fileElectric and Electronic Studies (EEES):...
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING (CAL)
FOR ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC STUDIES (EEES):
ELECTROMAGNETISM
LOH KIONG SOON
UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MALAYSIA
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS JUDUL : �
SESI PENGAJIAN : 2007/2008 Saya LOH KIONG SOON
mengaku membenarkan tesis (PSM/Sarjana/Doktor Falsafah)* ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut : 1. Tesis adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan
pengajian sahaja. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi
pengajian tinggi. 4. ** Sila tandakan ( √ )
SULIT (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972). TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan).
√ TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh
(TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (TANDATANGAN PENYELIA) Alamat Tetap :
Tarikh: 2 Mei 2008 Tarikh: 2 Mei 2008
CATATAN * Potong yang tidak berkenaan.
** Jenis tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tesis ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.
♦ Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana secara penyelidikan atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara kerja kursus dan penyelidikan atau Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM).
♦
PSZ 19:16(Pind. 1/97)
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING (CAL) FOR
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC STUDIES (EEES): ELECTROMAGNETISM
(HURUF BESAR)
EN. MOHAMAD ABDILLAH ROYO
Nama Penyelia
40 JALAN GETAH, 96100 SARIKEI, SARAWAK.
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING (CAL)
FOR ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC STUDIES (EEES):
ELECTROMAGNETISM
LOH KIONG SOON
This thesis is submitted as a partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology and Education (Electrical Engineering)
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MALAYSIA
2008
SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION
“I declared that I have read this thesis entitled
“Development of a Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) For
Electric and Electronic Studies (EEES): Electromagnetism”
and from my point of view, the scope and the quality of thesis have fulfilled the partial
requirements needs for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology and Education (Electrical Engineering)”
Signature : .................................................................
Supervisor : Mr. Mohamad Abdillah Royo
Date : 2 May 2008
ii
STUDENT’S DECLARTION
“I declared that this thesis entitled
“Development of a Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) For
Electric and Electronic Studies (EEES): Electromagnetism”
is the result of my own research except as cited in references.
The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in
candidature of any degree.”
Signature : ...............................................
Name of Candidate : Loh Kiong Soon
Date : 2 May 2008
iii
To
Almighty GOD,
mom, brothers and sisters
iv
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am glad to have this chance to indicate my appreciation to my supervisor
Mr. Mohamad Abdillah Royo, for purposing this research topic, for his moral
support and guidance throughout the project development process, and for his
impressive integrity and academic responsibility.
I would like to thank my course mates and friends without whom I would not
success to complete my project in time. Thanks for the sincere help, cares and
comments that encourage me a lot in the period of development.
I am feeling deeply grateful to my mom for her support: and thanks to my
brothers and sisters.
Lastly, I thank God for giving me good health, strong will and faith to
complete this thesis.
vi
ABSTRACT
For the past 50 years, computers have had a profound effect on human and
have advanced our lives in immeasurable ways, especially in educational field. This
research is carried out with the aim to develop Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)
multimedia software in Electromagnetism. This software is aimed for Form 4
students who are taking subject Electrical and Electronic Engineering Studies (EEES)
or for teachers who are teaching this subject. The interactive multimedia software
presents information to users through the variety of media such as animation, audio,
video, hypertext or hotspot. It allow the users to participate and control information
with the navigational interface includes the functions move forward and backward
one screen at a time within the lesson, jump to lessons of interest and learn related
information on topics that are presented. This software is packaged into a compact
disc (CD) for playback purpose. Major programs used in developing this multimedia
software were Macromedia Authorware 7.0, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe
Photoshop CS2, Sound Editor and MPEG Editor. This multimedia software with
attractive presentation can benefit students. The users can learn theories, principles,
application and extra knowledge of Electromagnetism after exploring this software.
vii
ABSTRAK
Sejak lima puluh tahun yang lalu, komputer telah memberi pengaruh yang
besar kepada manusia dan mempertingkatkan mutu hidip manusia dalam pelbagai
bidang, terutamanya dalam bidang pendidikan. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk
membangunkan suatu perisian multimedia Pembelajaran Berbantukan Komputer
(PBK) bertajuk Keelekromagnetan. Perisian ini ditujukan kepada pelajar-pelajar
yang mengambil mata pelajaran Pengajian Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik
(PKEE) ataupun guru-guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran ini. Perisian ini
mengabungkan pelbagai media seperti animasi, audio, video, hypertext atau hotspot
untuk mempersembahkan maklumat dengan berkesan. Perisian ini juga
membenarkan pengguna untuk turut serta dalam mengawal maklumat dengan
menggunakan antaramuka navigasi seperti fungsi mara dan berundur, kemudahan
mencapai topik yang diminati dan belajar maklumat yang berkaitan. Perisian ini
dipakejkan ke dalam cakera padat untuk kemudahan dimainkan semula. Perisian
utama yang digunakan untuk menbangunkan perisian multimedia ini adalah
Macromedia Authorware 7.0, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe Photoshop CS2, Sound
Editor dan MPEG Editor. Persembahan yang menarik di dalam perisian multimedia
ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada pengguna. Mereka dapat mempelajari teori-teori,
prinsip-prinsip, applikasi dan pengetahuan tambahan yang berkaitan dengan
Keelektromagnetan selepas menerokai perisian ini.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
TITLE
SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION
STUDENT’S DECLARATION
DEDICATION
ACKN OWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
TABLE OF CONTENT
NOMENCLATURE
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of the Problem
1.3 Statement of the Problem
1.4 Objectives of the Project
1.5 Rationale of the Project
1.6 Important of the Project
1.7 Scope of the Project
1.8 Operational Definitions
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
xiii
xiv
xv
1
1
2
4
4
4
5
6
6
1.8.1 Multimedia
1.8.2 Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)
1.8.3 Electromagnetism
1.8.4 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Studies (EEES)
1.8.5 CD-ROM
1.8.6 Text
1.8.7 Graphic
1.8.8 Audio
1.8.9 Video
1.8.10 Animation
1.9 Conclusion
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 History of Computer Assisted Learning
2.3 Advantages of Computer Assisted Learning
2.3.1 Advantages for Students
2.3.2 Advantages for Teachers
2.3.3 Advantages for Schools
2.4 Disadvantages of Computer Assisted Learning
2.4.1 Disadvantages for Students
2.4.2 Disadvantages for Teachers
2.4.3 Disadvantages for Schools
2.5 Learning Theory
2.5.1 Behaviorisms Learning Theory
2.5.2 Cognitive Learning Theory
2.5.3 Constructivism Learning Theory
2.6 Multimedia Elements
2.6.1 Text
2.6.2 Graphic
2.6.3 Audio
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
10
10
10
11
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
15
16
17
18
19
19
19
20
ix
2.6.4 Video
2.6.5 Animation
2.7 Software Design Model
2.7.1 ADDIE Model
2.8 Conclusion
3 COMPUTER ASSISTER LEARNING DESIGN
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Software Development and Process
3.2.1 Analysis phase
3.2.2 Design Phase
3.2.3 Development
3.2.4 Implementation
3.2.5 Evaluation
3.3 Learning Theory
3.4 Selection Software Selection
3.5 Hardware Selection
3.6 Conclusion
4 COMPUTER ASSISTER LEARNING DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Basic of the Software
4.2.1 Starter Display
4.2.2 Registration Display
4.2.3 Name Confirmation Display
4.2.4 Objective of Lesson Display
4.2.5 Main Menu Display
4.2.6 Lesson Display
4.2.7 Lesson Topic Display
4.2.8 Display of Do You Know?
4.2.9 Quiz Display
20
21
21
24
27
28
28
28
29
29
30
30
30
31
31
33
34
35
35
35
36
36
37
38
38
39
40
39
40
x
4.2.10 Objective Quiz Display
4.2.11 Subjective Quiz Display
4.2.12 Quiz Result Display
4.2.13 Activities Display
4.2.14 Flash or Video Clip Display
4.2.15 Glossary Display
4.2.16 About Display
4.2.17 Exit Display
4.3 Components in the Software
4.3.1 Text
4.3.2 Graphic
4.3.3 Audio
4.3.4 Video
4.3.5 Animation
4.4 CAL Packaging
4.5 Conclusion
5 COMPUTER ASSISTER LEARNING DEVELOPMENT
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Problems and Ways to Overcome During Development
5.2.1 Lack of Skills and Knowledge
5.2.2 Short of Time
5.2.3 Lack of Sources
5.2.4 Technical Disruption
5.3 Strength and Weakness of the Software
5.3.1 Strength of the Software
5.3.2 Weakness of the Software
5.4 Suggestions
5.4.1 Focus a Sub Topic
5.4.2 Induction Set and Learning Outcome Evaluation
5.4.3 Provide Quality Video Clips
42
42
43
44
44
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
48
49
49
50
51
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
55
56
56
57
57
xi
5.5 Conclusion
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
57
58
62
xii
LIST OF NOMENCLATURES
ADDIE Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation
CAL Computer Assisted Learning
CPU Central Processing Unit
CD Compact Disc
CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory
UTM University Technology Malaysia
EEES Electrical and Electronic Studies
ID Instructional Design
IT Information Technology
KPM Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia
MOE Ministry of Education Malaysia
MSC Multimedia Super Corridor
RAM Random Access Memory
T&L Teaching and Learning
T&V Technical and Vocational
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
NO.FIGURE TITLE PAGE
4.1 Starter Display
4.2 Registration Display
4.3 Name Confirmation Display
4.4 Lesson Objective Display
4.5 Main Menu Display
4.6 Lesson Display
4.7 Lesson Topic Display
4.8 Display of Do You Know?
4.9 Quiz Display
4.10 Objective Quiz Display
4.11 Subjective Quiz Display
4.12 Quiz Result Display
4.13 Activities Display
4.14 Flash or Video Clip Display
4.15 Glossary Display
4.16 About Display
4.17 Exit Display
35
35
36
37
37
38
39
39
40
41
41
42
43
43
44
45
45
xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
1 Software Flowchart
2 Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) Evaluation Form 61
62
xv
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Malaysia is guided by Vision 2020, which states that the country should have
a fully developed, matured and knowledge rich society at the day. In order to achieve
the Vision, Malaysia has an ambitious plan to embrace the Information Age and
become a leader in information and multimedia technology. New directions have
once again been set for the future prosperity of the country. Malaysia Plan which
comes out every 5 years is a pillar for country development. Information Technology
(IT) is one of the fields included.
The usage of computer technology in education is not a new thing but already
exist at eastern country like America and Europe since 1960. Advances in
information and computer technology have transformed the people live, work,
communicate, and learn (Mustafa Koc, 2005). For the last decades, computer
technology has been playing an important role in amplifying the expectation of
indispensable skills for making a successful career in the future workplace. In
education content, it is not only can help in management tasks but also have potential
as a tool to coloring all subjects teaching and learning (T&L) environment. Computer
technology had integrated in Malaysia school curriculums as an exertion to sow and
encourage positive desire and attitude in technology development. School culture
must change from just depend memory education to high thinking, creative and
sympathetic by using the latest technology (KPM, 1997).
2
By year 2013, Malaysia estimate will have around 8,000 Smart Schools. At
that time, students and teachers are not need to bring school bags or heavy books to
school anymore, they just need bring CD, pen drive or computer hard disk go to
school in T&L progress. As mention before, computer is an efficient education tools.
This is because it can integrate animation, audio, video together with T&L contents.
The usage of education software is a good method to make students easier to
understand in learning. We can notices that this method has high effectiveness with
traditional method.
1.2 Background of the Problem
Education in Malaysia is a continuously learning progress to construct a
human being which is balance and harmonic in intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and
physicality. Education must always blooming along with new age and the latest
technology. Government had been launching Smart School due it. Smart school is
equipped with technology which can improve education system in Malaysia and
prepare skilful man power to face tomorrow challenges.
Teachers are responsible in educating a generation that can contribute to our
future nation and country. Nowadays, many teachers still are use traditional teaching
methods which use chalk and black board. The teaching methodology used such as
pure lecture by teacher in the front and the students sit and listen at the back is lack
of variety in the presentation (Mckinney & Yoos, 1998). Traditional teaching
methods already were not suitable for today’s students. In a sense, T&L only flows
in a linear fashion (Grasha, 1997). They are not interest with teacher’s center style
which has much limitation in T&L progress. Both tasks pose problems to teachers
who are used to follow traditional teaching methods so far (Manfred, 2003).
Besides, traditional teaching method such as the talk and chalk technique, and
classroom lecture, might only allow limited amount of information to send from
lecturers to students. This is because it is depend on knowledge acquired by lecturers
3
(Noriah Ishak, 2003). This statement show that no all teachers can competent all
topics taught. The more knowledge the lecturer acquires; the more information will
be disseminated to the students (Rosseni, 2003).
Traditional classroom also provides limited space for learning. Students can
only interact among their course mates and the teacher who teach them (Aidah,
2003). This space can only be expanded if the students themselves take the initiative
to interact with people outside the learning boundary. Nowadays, class room
accentuation is changed from teacher center to student center. To make T&L
effective, teachers can not just play role like a sage on the stage but more suitable as
a guide by the side (King Alison, 2005). Today’s students are described as open and
accepting, multi-taskers, curious, willing to experiment, fiercely independent,
capable of thinking and investigating, self-reliant, assertive discovery learners,
extensive users of technology and prepared to learn any where, any time. While a
part of the class may involve the teacher demonstrating, explaining or lecturing,
important segments of classroom time must take into account the changing nature of
students and their expectations (Nancy, 2006).
Computer Assisted Learning can be defined as a computer program or file
developed specifically for educational purposes Progress teaching and learning are
more effective by using computer software (Charles E. Townsend). Therefore,
emphasizes computer learning system in electromagnetism should be given to
improve teachers and students and supervise this topic. Therefore, the usage of
Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) software is an intelligent methodology to
overcome T&L problems. The CAL software will integrate text, visual, audio, and
animation then can more clarify the content. In order to make a lesson smoothly and
achieve its objectives, teachers should find alternatives way to let the students learn
though it that won’t take too much time. The CAL software enable the students
explore their knowledge according to what they wish for actively. Students will
always teach themselves better than the world’s best trainers. Computer technology
allows a learner to be his or her own teacher (Schank, 2002).
4
1.3 Statement of the Problem
Electromagnetism is an important topic in subject Electrical and Electronic
Engineering Studies (EEES) but this topic is very hard to understand well because it
is too theoretical and abstract. Traditional teaching method using lecture in class
won’t help the students to understand thoroughly.
This project is aimed to designed and develop software that will bring the
user close to the Electromagnetism with graphic, audio, video, animation and so on.
This will equipped up students with more knowledge then supervise this topic.
1.4 Objectives of the Project
The objectives of this project are as below:
i. To develop a software for the topic of Electromagnetism.
ii. To develop interactive software to fulfill needs of subject EEES and all
technical school.
iii. To integrated multimedia application for students in order help them to
understand the topic better.
iv. To evaluate effectiveness of the software.
1.5 Rationale of the Project
Computer is very important to us in daily life. Computers are greater
importance in school based learning within the next 10 years (Henry, 2001). So, it is
very important that we must integrated teaching with computer technology. This
topic had been choosing is because it has great potential and useful in engineering
field. An electrical engineer or mechanical engineers need knowledge of
5
electromagnetism as an elementary need. By this knowledge, they are able to solve
problems for future career.
Further more, government had prepared a lots of facilities to school for
computerization T&L. Million of Ringgit Malaysia are to spend to provide the IT
infrastructures and develop CAL software. CAL software can make T&L more
efficient and flexible. Topic Electromagnetism has a lots of abstract concepts are
difficult to understand and bored by using traditional teaching style which just use
oral and text. CAL enable the students construct their knowledge through meaningful
experience that had go through. Therefore, students are more motivated to learn this
topic then can more confidents and supervise this topic.
1.6 Important of the Project
This project prepared a suitable and efficient teaching method for technical
and vocational (T&V) teachers to teach topic Electromagnetism. It helps teachers to
master generic skills and build up students confident from their lesson.
By learning through the learning from this project, students can understand
the topic of electromagnetism and able to join with daily live. Students can repeat
learning progress any time and not limit by time and equipments. The software also
will give accurate explanation and will not change or depend on teacher’s knowledge,
experience and skills. Thus, it can help students to master this topic. As a result, they
can supervise it and more confidents in subject EEES.
This project also contributes to Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE). This
project may used as a reference for MOE to produce an effective T&L strategy in
studying Electromagnetism.