Food security in Sarawak-Malaysia.pdf

8/14/2019 Food security in Sarawak-Malaysia.pdf

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Food Security in Sarawak:

Current Status and future directions

Lai K. F. and Kueh K. H.

Department of Agriculture, Sarawak


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SARAWAK

Area: 12.3 million ha

Coastline: 1,200 km

EEZ: 133,255 km2

Population: 2,516,122

(2011)

24.7% engaged in

agricultural activities

Population growth:

1.9% pa

South China Sea


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Oil palm

1,021,587 ha(70%)

Rubber158,853 ha

(11%)

Sago54,905 ha (4%)

Coconut20,912 (1%)

Pepper14,518 ha (1%)

Paddy

127,112 ha(9%)

Fruits36,992 ha (3%)

Vegetables4,395 ha

(0.3%)

Others11%

Estimated area distribution by crop, 2011Total area: 1,449,987 ha


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Rubber5%

Pepper3%

Sago1%

Coconut0%

Oil palmRM9.2 billion

85%

Fruits andvegetables

0%

Livestock0%

Fisheries2%

Otheragriculturalproducts

4%

Export value of agriculturalproducts, 2011 Total: RM10.8 billion


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Ricestaple food (pcs: 79 kg)

Wet and hill paddy - 127,112 ha

Mainly subsistence and surplus for sale

Low productivity1.94 t/haImport rice from Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia

Food Production: current status

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000140,000

160,000

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Self-sufficiencylevel(%

)

RiceProduction(mt)

Year

Rice Production (mt) SSL (%)

Rice sold in market

Subsistent rice cultivation

RICE PRODUCTION IN SARAWAK, 1990-2012


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Fruits: pineapple, durian, rambutan, banana, etc.

Semi-commercial orchards

Food Items Hectarage

(ha)

Production

(mt)

SSL

(%)

Annual pcc*

(kg)

Fruits 36,992 181,951 80.0 81 (72.3a)

Vegetable 4,395 43,885 47.0 37.3 (17.4a)

Fruit and Vegetable Production

* Per capita consumptiona domestic production


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Livestock production 2011Food Items Heads Production

(mt)

SSL (%) Annual

pcc* (kg)

Poultry meat 33.3 mn 59,760 105.0 22.6a

Egg 750.1 mn 750.1 mn 105.0 283.5a

Pork 371,166 29.7 101.7 17.8a

Beef 14,059(Cattle)

7,407

(Baffalo)

705.6 mt 9.4 2.990.28a

Mutton 16,072 (Goat)

3,394 (Sheep)

739.3 mt 8.0 3.8

0.3a

Milk 161,000 L 0.8 7.8

0.06a

* per capita consumptionadomestic production Source: DOAS Statistics


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Fisheries production

Food Items Number of

Fishermen

Production

(mt)

SSL

(%)

Annual pcc*

(kg)

Marine fishing 19,308 119,459 43.4a

Aquaculture 7,239 11,966

Export 22,146

per capita consumption

adomestic production

Mainly capture from the sea along the coastal zone

Aquaculture contributes 6 to 10% of the fish consumed in Sarawak


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0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

(RM'000)

Fisheries

Livestock

Rice

Fruits andvegetables

Import Values of Agricultural Products (2002-2011)


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surge in world food prices in 2007/2008

introduction of export restrictions by some countries on certain

commodities

Government developed new strategies for ensuring

food security

Sarawak Government

Strategic Agriculture Development Plan (2013-2020)

Federal GovernmentFood Security Policy (May 2008)

National Agro-food Policy (2011-2020)

Responses of Government to food crisis 2007/08


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SSL targets for 2020

Item/Year SSL 2011 (%) SSL 2020 target (%)

Crop

Paddy 48.0 70.0

Fruit 80.0 80.0

Vegetables 47.0 60.0

Livestock

Beef 9.4 15.0

Mutton 8.0 30.0

Poultry 105.0 105.0

Pork 101.7 105.0Chicken/ duck eggs 105.0 108.0

Milk 0.82 0.82

Fish 43.4 kg pcc/yr 60.0 kg pcc/yr

pcc =annual per capita consumption


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Sarawak Strategic Agriculture Development Plan (2013-2020)

Agro-food projects Strategic Plan

Oil-palm (ha)

Rubber

2 mn ha

380,000 ha

Paddy New 5,200 ha granary at Btg Lupar

Tropical fruits and

vegetables

16,816 ha

Cattle (heads)Buffalo Increase pop. to 40,000 headsIncrease pop. To 10,000 heads

Sheet and goat (heads) Increase pop. to 100,000 heads

Poultry Increase pop. to 39.5 million heads

Pork (heads) Increase Khinzir pop. to 400,000

Chicken/ duck eggs Increase pop. 912.8 million

Milk 0.82

Fish Develop 12,116 ha aquaculture

pcc= annual per capita consumption; SSL= self-sufficiency level


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Future directions

1. Extension of granary area- Current- 5,200 ha granary at Btg. Lupar will the SSL

slightly to 55% by 2020, which is 15% below the target- Futuredevelop addition 17,000 ha for double cropping

area to achieve target of 70% by 2020

2. Production and promotion of Sarawak specialtyrice

- many traditional varieties; Bario, Bajong, Biris, Mamut,etc

- Sarawak traditional rice granted GI certification =

authenticity and quality

potential for commercializationGeographical Indication awarded for:

Sarawak Bario Rice

10 Mar. 2008 9 Mar. 2018

Sarawak Beras Biris

11 Feb. 2009 10 Feb. 2019

Sarawak Beras Bajong

11 Feb. 200910 Feb. 2019


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Future directions

3. Development of Indigenous Food Resources- Sarawak diverse in indigenous resources

e.g. Jobs Tear, Dabai, miding, terong dayakhigh nutritional values important for local

communities food security

high potential for commercialisation

Dabai Isau

Terong Dayak

Durian Nyekak Selected local durian

Cekur Manis


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Future directions

4. Develop offshore fishing- vast fish resources within its EEZ

yet to be tapped- potential yields of demersal fish (79,000 mt)

small pelagic fish (340,000 mt)

oceanic tuna (25,000 mt)

leather jacket (70,000 mt)

- expansion of offshore fishingmight allow increase of fish landingsfor sufficiency and export

5. Adopt sustainable food production systems

- Intensive agriculturedegrades soil, air and water resources

damages the function of an ecosystem

- adoption of an ecosystem-based approach

builds a resilient food production system for long term food security

e.g. system of crop intensification (SCI), organic agriculture, aerobic

rice


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Future directions

6. Research and development- advanced biotechnology through selecting crops

resistant to pests

higher nutritional content

improved yield

- Technology for long term preservation of food without changing its

natural taste

- Improved technologies for livestock to lower carbon footprint

for fisheries to sustainably exploit

7. Preventing incursions of dangerous pests and

diseases

- Sarawak is free of many dangerous pest and disease such ase.g. SA leaf blight, Foot-and-mouth disease and

Avian influenza

None should be allowed to reach the shore of Sarawak, because

they could threaten long-term food security of the country


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The Sarawak is still and continue to be depending on imported

food especially rice, beef, mutton, dairy, and temperate fruits andvegetables for food security

Sarawak in collaboration with the Federal Government is

seriously addressing the food security issues through variousstrategies, food programmes and projects, and R and D initiatives.

Conclusion


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Thank you

Food security in Sarawak-Malaysia.pdf

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